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Monsalve-Guil L, Velasco-Ortega E, Moreno-Muñoz J, Núñez-Márquez E, Rondón-Romero JL, Ortiz-García I, Nicolás-Silvente A, López-López J, Salgado-Peralvo ÁO, Jiménez-Guerra Á. Clinical study with sandblasted dental implants: a 17-year retrospective follow up. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2024; 62:191-196. [PMID: 38278652 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Sandblasting is a standard procedure used for treating dental implant (DI) surfaces to enhance the osseointegration with known clinical success. This clinical study aimed to evaluate the long-term clinical outcomes of DIs with external hexagon connections and a surface sandblasted with calcium phosphate. Two hundred and seventy-five Mg-osseous™ (Mozo-Grau™) screw DIs were placed in 86 patients using a two-stage surgical technique and conventional loading protocol (at three months). Dental implants and prosthetic clinical findings were evaluated during a 17-year follow up. Four DIs were lost during the healing period, and 108 prostheses were placed over the 271 DIs left: 58 unitary implant-supported prosthesis (ISP), 31 partially ISP, 14 full-arch ISP, and five overdentures. Fourteen DIs were lost during the follow-up period. Clinical results indicated a DI survival rate of 93.50%. A total of 11.80% of DIs showed peri-implantitis as the primary biological complication. The mean (SD) marginal bone loss was 1.78 (0.40) mm, ranging from 0.90 to 2.80 mm. The most frequent complication was mechanical prosthodontic complications (24.40%). Sandblasted surface DIs inserted in both maxillary and mandibular areas produce favourable long-term (17-year follow up) outcomes and stable tissue conditions when a delayed loading protocol is followed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loreto Monsalve-Guil
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry for Adults and Gerodontology. Master's Degree in Implant Dentistry. Faculty of Dentistry. University of Seville, Spain
| | - Eugenio Velasco-Ortega
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry for Adults and Gerodontology. Master's Degree in Implant Dentistry. Faculty of Dentistry. University of Seville, Spain
| | - Jesús Moreno-Muñoz
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry for Adults and Gerodontology. Master's Degree in Implant Dentistry. Faculty of Dentistry. University of Seville, Spain
| | - Enrique Núñez-Márquez
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry for Adults and Gerodontology. Master's Degree in Implant Dentistry. Faculty of Dentistry. University of Seville, Spain
| | - José-Luis Rondón-Romero
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry for Adults and Gerodontology. Master's Degree in Implant Dentistry. Faculty of Dentistry. University of Seville, Spain
| | - Iván Ortiz-García
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry for Adults and Gerodontology. Master's Degree in Implant Dentistry. Faculty of Dentistry. University of Seville, Spain
| | - Ana Nicolás-Silvente
- Department of Restorative Dentistry. Masteŕs Degree in Mucogingival, Periodontal and Implant Surgery. School of Dentistry, University of Murcia, Spain
| | - José López-López
- Department of Oral Medicine. Director of Masteŕs Degree in Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Oral Implantology. Faculty of Dentistry. Service of the Medical-Surgical Area of Dentistry Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Álvaro Jiménez-Guerra
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry for Adults and Gerodontology. Master's Degree in Implant Dentistry. Faculty of Dentistry. University of Seville, Spain
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Velasco-Ortega E, del Rocío Jiménez-Martin I, Moreno-Muñoz J, Núñez-Márquez E, Rondón-Romero JL, Cabanillas-Balsera D, Jiménez-Guerra Á, Ortiz-García I, López-López J, Monsalve-Guil L. Long-Term Treatment Outcomes of Implant Prostheses in Partially and Totally Edentulous Patients. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15144910. [PMID: 35888378 PMCID: PMC9316310 DOI: 10.3390/ma15144910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Implant dental therapy is a clinical procedure used for treating patients with tooth loss with known clinical success. This clinical study aimed to evaluate the long-term clinical outcomes of dental implants in partially and totally edentulous patients. A total of 544 Microdent (Microdent SU, Implant Microdent System®, Santa Eulàlia de Ronçana Barcelona, Spain) screw implants were placed in 111 patients using a two-stage surgical technique and a conventional loading protocol (lasting 3 months). Implant and prosthetic clinical findings were evaluated during a 15-year follow-up. A total of 6 implants were lost during the healing period, and 124 prostheses were placed over the 538 implants that remained: 20 single crowns, 52 partially fixed bridges, 45 full-arch fixed restorations, and 7 overdentures. A total of 20 of these were lost during the follow-up period. The cumulative survival rate for all implants was 96.4%. The data underwent statistical analysis (significance level: p < 0.05). The mean marginal bone loss was 1.82 ± 0.54 mm, ranging from 1.2 to 3.1 mm. The most frequent complications were mechanical prosthodontic complications (16.2%). In all, 11.8% of implants showed periimplantitis as the primary biological complication. Dental implants inserted in both the maxillary and mandibular areas produce long-term favorable outcomes and stable tissue conditions when a delayed loading protocol is followed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Velasco-Ortega
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry for Adults and Gerodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain; (E.V.-O.); (I.d.R.J.-M.); (J.M.-M.); (E.N.-M.); (J.L.R.-R.); (D.C.-B.); (I.O.-G.); (L.M.-G.)
| | - Inmaculada del Rocío Jiménez-Martin
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry for Adults and Gerodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain; (E.V.-O.); (I.d.R.J.-M.); (J.M.-M.); (E.N.-M.); (J.L.R.-R.); (D.C.-B.); (I.O.-G.); (L.M.-G.)
| | - Jesús Moreno-Muñoz
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry for Adults and Gerodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain; (E.V.-O.); (I.d.R.J.-M.); (J.M.-M.); (E.N.-M.); (J.L.R.-R.); (D.C.-B.); (I.O.-G.); (L.M.-G.)
| | - Enrique Núñez-Márquez
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry for Adults and Gerodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain; (E.V.-O.); (I.d.R.J.-M.); (J.M.-M.); (E.N.-M.); (J.L.R.-R.); (D.C.-B.); (I.O.-G.); (L.M.-G.)
| | - José Luis Rondón-Romero
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry for Adults and Gerodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain; (E.V.-O.); (I.d.R.J.-M.); (J.M.-M.); (E.N.-M.); (J.L.R.-R.); (D.C.-B.); (I.O.-G.); (L.M.-G.)
| | - Daniel Cabanillas-Balsera
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry for Adults and Gerodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain; (E.V.-O.); (I.d.R.J.-M.); (J.M.-M.); (E.N.-M.); (J.L.R.-R.); (D.C.-B.); (I.O.-G.); (L.M.-G.)
| | - Álvaro Jiménez-Guerra
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry for Adults and Gerodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain; (E.V.-O.); (I.d.R.J.-M.); (J.M.-M.); (E.N.-M.); (J.L.R.-R.); (D.C.-B.); (I.O.-G.); (L.M.-G.)
- Correspondence: (Á.J.-G.); (J.L.-L.); Tel.: +34-647-711-149 (A.L.-G.); +34-606-457-362 (J.L-L.)
| | - Iván Ortiz-García
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry for Adults and Gerodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain; (E.V.-O.); (I.d.R.J.-M.); (J.M.-M.); (E.N.-M.); (J.L.R.-R.); (D.C.-B.); (I.O.-G.); (L.M.-G.)
| | - José López-López
- Department of Odontostomatology, Medicine and Health Sciences, Dentistry, Master of Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Oral Implantology, Service of the Medical-Surgical Area of Dentistry Hospital, University of Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (Á.J.-G.); (J.L.-L.); Tel.: +34-647-711-149 (A.L.-G.); +34-606-457-362 (J.L-L.)
| | - Loreto Monsalve-Guil
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry for Adults and Gerodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain; (E.V.-O.); (I.d.R.J.-M.); (J.M.-M.); (E.N.-M.); (J.L.R.-R.); (D.C.-B.); (I.O.-G.); (L.M.-G.)
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Chen S, Tsoi JKH, Tsang PCS, Park YJ, Song HJ, Matinlinna JP. Candida albicans aspects of binary titanium alloys for biomedical applications. Regen Biomater 2020; 7:213-220. [PMID: 32296540 PMCID: PMC7147365 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbz052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Titanium and its alloys are widely used in biomedical devices, e.g. implants, due to its biocompatibility and osseointegration ability. In fact, fungal (Candida spp.) infection has been identified as one of the key reasons causing the failure of the device that is inevitable and impactful to the society. Thus, this study evaluated the surface morphology, surface chemical composition and Candida albicans adhesion on specimens of 16 binary Ti-alloys (∼5 wt% of any one of the alloy elements: Ag, Al, Au, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, In, Mn, Mo, Nb, Pd, Pt, Sn, V and Zr) compared with cp-Ti, targeting to seek for the binary Ti-alloys which has the lowest C. albicans infection. Candida albicans cultures were grown on the specimens for 48 h, and colony forming units (CFUs) and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to evaluate the biofilm formation ability. Scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy confirmed the formation of C. albicans biofilm on all specimens' surfaces, such that CFU results showed Ti-Mo, Ti-Zr, Ti-Al and Ti-V have less C. albicans formed on the surfaces than cp-Ti. RT-PCR showed Ti-Zr and Ti-Cu have significantly higher C. albicans DNA concentrations than Ti-Al and Ti-V (P < 0.05), whereas Ti-Cu has even showed a statistically higher concentration than Ti-Au, Ti-Co, Ti-In and Ti-Pt (P < 0.05). This study confirmed that Ti-Mo, Ti-Zr, Ti-Al and Ti-V have lower the occurrence of C. albicans which might be clinically advantageous for medical devices, but Ti-Cu should be used in caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyang Chen
- Dental Materials Science, Division of Applied Oral Sciences & Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34 Hospital Road, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Prosthodontics, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, No. 75, Dagu Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300041, People's Republic of China
| | - James K H Tsoi
- Dental Materials Science, Division of Applied Oral Sciences & Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34 Hospital Road, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peter C S Tsang
- Division of Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34 Hospital Road, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yeong-Joon Park
- Department of Dental Materials and MRC for Hard-tissue Biointerface, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Jun Song
- Department of Dental Materials and MRC for Hard-tissue Biointerface, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jukka P Matinlinna
- Dental Materials Science, Division of Applied Oral Sciences & Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34 Hospital Road, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
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Modification of Titanium Implant and Titanium Dioxide for Bone Tissue Engineering. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1077:355-368. [PMID: 30357698 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-0947-2_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering using titanium (Ti) implant and titanium dioxide (TiO2) with their modification is gaining increasing attention. Ti has been adopted as an implant material in dental and orthopedic fields due to its superior properties. However, it still requires modification in order to achieve robust osteointegration between the Ti implant and surrounding bone. To modify the Ti implant, numerous methods have been introduced to fabricate porous implant surfaces with a variety of coating materials. Among these, plasma spraying of hydroxyapatite (HA) has been the most commonly used with commercial success. Meanwhile, TiO2 nanotubes have been actively studied as the coating material for implants, and promising results have been reported about improving osteogenic activity around implants recently. Also porous three-dimensional constructs based on TiO2 have been proposed as scaffolding material with high biocompatibility and osteoconductivity in large bone defects. However, the use of the TiO2 scaffolds in load-bearing environment is somewhat limited. In order to optimize the TiO2 scaffolds, studies have tried to combine various materials with TiO2 scaffolds including drug, mesenchymal stem cells, Al2O3-SiO2 solid and HA. This article will shortly introduce the properties of Ti and Ti-based implants with their modification, and review the progress of bone tissue engineering using the TiO2 nanotubes and scaffolds.
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Liu X, Chen S, Tsoi JKH, Matinlinna JP. Binary titanium alloys as dental implant materials-a review. Regen Biomater 2017; 4:315-323. [PMID: 29026646 PMCID: PMC5633690 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbx027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Titanium (Ti) has been used for long in dentistry and medicine for implant purpose. During the years, not only the commercially pure Ti but also some alloys such as binary and tertiary Ti alloys were used. The aim of this review is to describe and compare the current literature on binary Ti alloys, including Ti–Zr, Ti–In, Ti–Ag, Ti–Cu, Ti–Au, Ti–Pd, Ti–Nb, Ti–Mn, Ti–Mo, Ti–Cr, Ti–Co, Ti–Sn, Ti–Ge and Ti–Ga, in particular to mechanical, chemical and biological parameters related to implant application. Literature was searched using the PubMed and Web of Science databases, as well as google without limiting the year, but with principle key terms such as ‘ Ti alloy’, ‘binary Ti ’, ‘Ti-X’ (with X is the alloy element), ‘dental implant’ and ‘medical implant’. Only laboratory studies that intentionally for implant or biomedical applications were included. According to available literatures, we might conclude that most of the binary Ti alloys with alloying <20% elements of Zr, In, Ag, Cu, Au, Pd, Nb, Mn, Cr, Mo, Sn and Co have high potential as implant materials, due to good mechanical performance without compromising the biocompatibility and biological behaviour compare to cp-Ti.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital of Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China.,Dental Materials Science, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34 Hospital Road, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Shuyang Chen
- Dental Materials Science, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34 Hospital Road, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China.,Department of Prosthodontics, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital of Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - James K H Tsoi
- Dental Materials Science, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34 Hospital Road, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Jukka Pekka Matinlinna
- Dental Materials Science, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34 Hospital Road, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
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Wong ACH, Tian T, Tsoi JKH, Burrow MF, Matinlinna JP. Aspects of adhesion tests on resin–glass ceramic bonding. Dent Mater 2017; 33:1045-1055. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Vechiato-Filho AJ, da Silva Vieira Marques I, Dos Santos DM, Matos AO, Rangel EC, da Cruz NC, Barão VAR. Effect of nonthermal plasma treatment on surface chemistry of commercially-pure titanium and shear bond strength to autopolymerizing acrylic resin. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 60:37-44. [PMID: 26706504 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The effect of nonthermal plasma on the surface characteristics of commercially pure titanium (cp-Ti), and on the shear bond strength between an autopolymerizing acrylic resin and cp-Ti was investigated. A total of 96 discs of cp-Ti were distributed into four groups (n=24): Po (no surface treatment), SB (sandblasting), Po+NTP and SB+NTP (methane plasma). Surface characterization was performed through surface energy, surface roughness, scanning microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction tests. Shear bond strength test was conducted immediately and after thermocycling. Surface treatment affected the surface energy and roughness of cp-Ti discs (P<.001). SEM-EDS showed the presence of the carbide thin film. XRD spectra revealed no crystalline phase changes. The SB+NTP group showed the highest bond strength values (6.76±0.70 MPa). Thermocycling reduced the bond strength of the acrylic resin/cp-Ti interface (P<.05), except for Po group. NTP is an effective treatment option for improving the shear bond strength between both materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aljomar José Vechiato-Filho
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Aracatuba Dental School, Univ. Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Aracatuba, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Isabella da Silva Vieira Marques
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniela Micheline Dos Santos
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Aracatuba Dental School, Univ. Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Aracatuba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adaias Oliveira Matos
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elidiane Cipriano Rangel
- Laboratory of Technological Plasmas (LaPTec), Engineering College, Univ. Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Sorocaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nilson Cristino da Cruz
- Laboratory of Technological Plasmas (LaPTec), Engineering College, Univ. Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Sorocaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Valentim Adelino Ricardo Barão
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Yu Y, Li Z, Wang Y, Gong S, Wang X. Sequential Infiltration Synthesis of Doped Polymer Films with Tunable Electrical Properties for Efficient Triboelectric Nanogenerator Development. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:4938-4944. [PMID: 26177927 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201502546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Doping polymer with AlOx via sequential infiltration synthesis enables bulk modification of triboelectric polymers with tunable electric or dielectric properties, which broadens the material selection and achieves a durable performance gain of triboelectric nanogenerators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhao Yu
- Department of Material Sciences and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Zhaodong Li
- Department of Material Sciences and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Yunming Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Wisconsin Institutes for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Shaoqin Gong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Wisconsin Institutes for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Xudong Wang
- Department of Material Sciences and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
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Zhang X, Xiao GY, Zhao XC, He K, Xu WH, Lu YP. Rapid early formation and crystal refinement of chemical conversion hopeite coatings induced by substrate sandblasting. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj01386k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A relatively uniform banded structure is exhibited on the crystal surface of a coating on sandblasted substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- China
| | - Gui-yong Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- China
| | - Xing-chuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- China
| | - Kun He
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- China
| | - Wen-hua Xu
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- China
| | - Yu-peng Lu
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- China
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