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Sánchez-Porras D, Durand-Herrera D, Carmona R, Blanco-Elices C, Garzón I, Pozzobon M, San Martín S, Alaminos M, García-García ÓD, Chato-Astrain J, Carriel V. Expression of Basement Membrane Molecules by Wharton Jelly Stem Cells (WJSC) in Full-Term Human Umbilical Cords, Cell Cultures and Microtissues. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040629. [PMID: 36831296 PMCID: PMC9954414 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Wharton's jelly stem cells (WJSC) from the human umbilical cord (UC) are one of the most promising mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in tissue engineering (TE) and advanced therapies. The cell niche is a key element for both, MSC and fully differentiated tissues, to preserve their unique features. The basement membrane (BM) is an essential structure during embryonic development and in adult tissues. Epithelial BMs are well-known, but similar structures are present in other histological structures, such as in peripheral nerve fibers, myocytes or chondrocytes. Previous studies suggest the expression of some BM molecules within the Wharton's Jelly (WJ) of UC, but the distribution pattern and full expression profile of these molecules have not been yet elucidated. In this sense, the aim of this histological study was to evaluate the expression of main BM molecules within the WJ, cultured WJSC and during WJSC microtissue (WJSC-MT) formation process. Results confirmed the presence of a pericellular matrix composed by the main BM molecules-collagens (IV, VII), HSPG2, agrin, laminin and nidogen-around the WJSC within UC. Additionally, ex vivo studies demonstrated the synthesis of these BM molecules, except agrin, especially during WJSC-MT formation process. The WJSC capability to synthesize main BM molecules could offer new alternatives for the generation of biomimetic-engineered substitutes where these molecules are particularly needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Sánchez-Porras
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Doctoral Program in Biomedicine, Doctoral School, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Daniel Durand-Herrera
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo (UMSNH), Morelia 58010, Mexico
| | - Ramón Carmona
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Cristina Blanco-Elices
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Ingrid Garzón
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Michela Pozzobon
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, University of Padova, 35129 Padova, Italy
- Corso Stati Uniti 4, Institute of Pediatric Research Città della Speranza, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - Sebastián San Martín
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2520000, Chile
| | - Miguel Alaminos
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Óscar Darío García-García
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: (Ó.D.G.-G.); (J.C.-A.)
| | - Jesús Chato-Astrain
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: (Ó.D.G.-G.); (J.C.-A.)
| | - Víctor Carriel
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
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Muthuchamy M, Subramanian K, Padhiar C, Dhanraj AK, Desireddy S. Feasibility study on intact human umbilical cord Wharton's jelly as a scaffold for human autologous chondrocyte: In-vitro study. Int J Artif Organs 2022; 45:936-944. [PMID: 35982588 DOI: 10.1177/03913988221118102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Placental tissue is an established biomaterial used in many clinical applications. However, its use for tissue engineering purposes has not been fully realized. Though articular cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM)-derived oriented scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering were developed, resources are a hindrance to its application. In this regard, the present study investigated the feasibility of using intact decellularized human umbilical cord Wharton's jelly (hUC-WJ) as a new material for chondrocyte carrier in cartilage tissue engineering. The developed hUC-WJ scaffold provides a good microenvironment for the attachment, viability, and delivery of seeded human autologous chondrocytes. It has an advantage over other biomaterials in terms of abundant availability and similar biochemistry to cartilage ECM. MATERIALS AND METHODS hUC-WJ obtained from fresh human placenta were decellularized and gamma sterilized. Human cartilage tissue was obtained from the patients with a total knee replacement. The chondrocytes were isolated and expanded in-vitro and seeded onto the hUC-WJ scaffold. The efficiency of the decellularized tissue as a delivery system for human cartilage cells was investigated by histology, immunohistochemistry, cell count, flow cytometry, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). RESULTS The results showed that the decellularized hUC-WJ scaffold has supported the microenvironment for chondrocyte attachment and viability without losing its phenotype. In addition, the cells were spread through the hUC-WJ scaffold as confirmed by histology and SEM. CONCLUSION Based on obtained results, the hUC-WJ scaffold has great potential as a 3D scaffold for human autologous chondrocyte carriers in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthuraman Muthuchamy
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.,LifeCell International Private Limited, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kumaran Subramanian
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.,Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chirayu Padhiar
- LifeCell International Private Limited, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Swathi Desireddy
- LifeCell International Private Limited, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Pande O, Makaram H, Swaminathan R. Influence of Wall-lumen Ratio of Umbilical Arteries on the Stress Distribution in Wharton's Jelly. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2022; 2022:3959-3962. [PMID: 36085920 DOI: 10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The umbilical cord is the link between fetus and the placenta. It consists of one vein and two arteries, encased inside Wharton's jelly. In this study, the influence of morphological parameters of umbilical arteries, namely the wall-lumen ratio and lumen diameter, on the stress distribution in Wharton's jelly is analyzed using a 3D finite element model. The lumen diameter of the arteries is varied from 0.4 mm to 2.0 mm in steps of 0.4 mm. The variation of average and maximum effective stresses in the Wharton's jelly with wall-lumen ratio is analyzed. Further, differences in stresses between the placental and fetal ends of umbilical cord are analyzed. Results show that, the average and maximum effective stresses at both ends of the umbilical cord vary nonlinearly with the wall-lumen ratio. For all the considered lumen diameters, the average effective stress is found to decrease with an increase in wall-lumen ratio at both the ends. An increase in the lumen diameter is found to be associated with a nonlinear decrease in average stress ratios. Clinical Relevance- The results of this study could be useful for the early diagnosis of fetal abnormalities and might be helpful to develop better treatment strategies.
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Placental Tissues as Biomaterials in Regenerative Medicine. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:6751456. [PMID: 35496035 PMCID: PMC9050314 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6751456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Placental tissues encompass all the tissues which support fetal development, including the placenta, placental membrane, umbilical cord, and amniotic fluid. Since the 1990s there has been renewed interest in the use of these tissues as a raw material for regenerative medicine applications. Placental tissues have been extensively studied for their potential contribution to tissue repair applications. Studies have attributed their efficacy in augmenting the healing process to the extracellular matrix scaffolds rich in collagens, glycosaminoglycans, and proteoglycans, as well as the presence of cytokines within the tissues that have been shown to stimulate re-epithelialization, promote angiogenesis, and aid in the reduction of inflammation and scarring. The compositions and properties of all birth tissues give them the potential to be valuable biomaterials for the development of new regenerative therapies. Herein, the development and compositions of each of these tissues are reviewed, with focus on the structural and signaling components that are relevant to medical applications. This review also explores current configurations and recent innovations in the use of placental tissues as biomaterials in regenerative medicine.
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Histological Profiling of the Human Umbilical Cord: A Potential Alternative Cell Source in Tissue Engineering. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12040648. [PMID: 35455764 PMCID: PMC9028794 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12040648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The embryonic development of the human umbilical cord (hUC) is complex, and different regions can be identified in this structure. The aim of this work is to characterize the hUC at in situ and ex vivo levels to stablish their potential use in vascular regeneration. Human umbilical cords were obtained and histologically prepared for in the situ analysis of four hUC regions (intervascular—IV, perivascular—PV, subaminoblastic—SAM, and Wharton’s jelly—WH), and primary cell cultures of mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSC) isolated from each region were obtained. The results confirmed the heterogeneity of the hUC, with the IV and PV zones tending to show the higher in situ expression of several components of the extracellular matrix (collagens, proteoglycans, and glycosaminoglycans), vimentin, and MSC markers (especially CD73), although isolation and ex vivo culture resulted in a homogeneous cell profile. Three vascular markers were positive in situ, especially vWF, followed by CD34 and CD31, and isolation and culture revealed that the region associated with the highest expression of vascular markers was IV, followed by PV. These results confirm the heterogeneity of the hUC and the need for selecting cells from specific regions of the hUC for particular applications in tissue engineering.
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Baldit A, Dubus M, Sergheraert J, Kerdjoudj H, Mauprivez C, Rahouadj R. Biomechanical tensile behavior of human Wharton's jelly. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 126:104981. [PMID: 34915358 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Wharton's jelly (WJ) is a mucous connective tissue of the umbilical cord. It shows high healing capabilities, mainly attributed to the chemical composition and to the presence of stem cells, growth factors and peptides. Although WJ biological properties are well documented in vitro and in vivo, there is still a lack of mechanical data on this tissue, which is paramount for its use as a biomaterial for medical applications. In this study, mechanical responses of ten WJ samples within close physiological conditions were registered undergoing quasi static cyclic tensile tests followed by a load up to failure. This protocol aimed on one hand to provide biomechanical data to feed predictive numerical models and on the other hand increase WJ knowledge in view of its potential use in biomedical field. In spite of the WJ harvest, the resulting viscous nonlinear elastic response obtained is fully in tune with the literature confirming the database quality. A side of the knowledge improvement on WJ mechanical response, this paper provides accurate data that will enhance predictive simulation work such as finite element analysis. The mechanical step-through brought by the analytical nonlinear characterization over cyclic and ultimate loads is to predict WJ behavior. Actually, principal component analysis highlighted its quality while pointing out indicators, such as failure or hydration criteria, as well as models' limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Baldit
- LEM3-UMR-7239, CNRS - Université de Lorraine - Arts et Métiers ParisTech, France; ENIM, Université de Lorraine, METZ, France.
| | - Marie Dubus
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Biomatériaux et Inflammation en Site Osseux (BIOS) EA 4691, 51100, Reims, France
| | - Johan Sergheraert
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Biomatériaux et Inflammation en Site Osseux (BIOS) EA 4691, 51100, Reims, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims, France
| | - Halima Kerdjoudj
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Biomatériaux et Inflammation en Site Osseux (BIOS) EA 4691, 51100, Reims, France
| | - Cedric Mauprivez
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Biomatériaux et Inflammation en Site Osseux (BIOS) EA 4691, 51100, Reims, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims, France
| | - Rachid Rahouadj
- LEM3-UMR-7239, CNRS - Université de Lorraine - Arts et Métiers ParisTech, France
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Saw SN, Dai Y, Yap CH. A Review of Biomechanics Analysis of the Umbilical-Placenta System With Regards to Diseases. Front Physiol 2021; 12:587635. [PMID: 34475826 PMCID: PMC8406807 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.587635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Placenta is an important organ that is crucial for both fetal and maternal health. Abnormalities of the placenta, such as during intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and pre-eclampsia (PE) are common, and an improved understanding of these diseases is needed to improve medical care. Biomechanics analysis of the placenta is an under-explored area of investigation, which has demonstrated usefulness in contributing to our understanding of the placenta physiology. In this review, we introduce fundamental biomechanics concepts and discuss the findings of biomechanical analysis of the placenta and umbilical cord, including both tissue biomechanics and biofluid mechanics. The biomechanics of placenta ultrasound elastography and its potential in improving clinical detection of placenta diseases are also discussed. Finally, potential future work is listed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shier Nee Saw
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yichen Dai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Choon Hwai Yap
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Brunelli R, De Spirito M, Giancotti A, Palmieri V, Parasassi T, Di Mascio D, Flammini G, D'Ambrosio V, Monti M, Boccaccio A, Pappalettere C, Ficarella E, Papi M, Lamberti L. The biomechanics of the umbilical cord Wharton Jelly: Roles in hemodynamic proficiency and resistance to compression. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2019; 100:103377. [PMID: 31398692 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.103377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The umbilical cord is a complex structure containing three vessels, one straight vein and two coiled arteries, encased by the Wharton Jelly (WJ) a spongy structure made of collagen and hydrated macromolecules. Fetal blood reaches the placenta through the arteries and flows back to the fetus through the vein. The role of the WJ in maintaining cord circulation proficiency and the ultimate reason for arterial coiling still lack of reasonable mechanistic interpretations. We performed biaxial tension tests and evidenced significant differences in the mechanical properties of the core and peripheral WJ. The core region, located between the arteries and the vein, resulted rather stiffer close to the fetus. Finite element modelling and optimization based inverse method were used to create 2D and 3D models of the cord and to simulate stress distribution in different hemodynamic conditions, compressive loads and arterial coiling. We recorded a facilitated stress transmission from the arteries to the vein through the soft core of periplacental WJ. This condition generates a pressure gradient that boosts the venous backflow circulation towards the fetus. Peripheral WJ allows arteries to act as pressure buffering chambers during the cardiac diastole and helps to dissipate compressive forces away from vessels. Altered WJ biomechanics may represent the structural basis of cord vulnerability in many high-risk clinical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Brunelli
- Dipartimento Materno Infantile e Scienze Urologiche, Università Sapienza, Roma, Italy
| | - M De Spirito
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, Roma, Italy; Istituto di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - A Giancotti
- Dipartimento Materno Infantile e Scienze Urologiche, Università Sapienza, Roma, Italy
| | - V Palmieri
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, Roma, Italy; Istituto di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - T Parasassi
- Istituto di Farmacologia Traslazionale, CNR, Roma, Italy
| | - D Di Mascio
- Dipartimento Materno Infantile e Scienze Urologiche, Università Sapienza, Roma, Italy
| | - G Flammini
- Dipartimento Materno Infantile e Scienze Urologiche, Università Sapienza, Roma, Italy
| | - V D'Ambrosio
- Dipartimento Materno Infantile e Scienze Urologiche, Università Sapienza, Roma, Italy
| | - M Monti
- Dipartimento Materno Infantile e Scienze Urologiche, Università Sapienza, Roma, Italy
| | - A Boccaccio
- Dipartimento di Meccanica, Matematica e Management, Politecnico di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - C Pappalettere
- Dipartimento di Meccanica, Matematica e Management, Politecnico di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - E Ficarella
- Dipartimento di Meccanica, Matematica e Management, Politecnico di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - M Papi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, Roma, Italy; Istituto di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy.
| | - L Lamberti
- Dipartimento di Meccanica, Matematica e Management, Politecnico di Bari, Bari, Italy
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Gullotta F, Izzo D, Scalera F, Palazzo B, Martin I, Sannino A, Gervaso F. Biomechanical evaluation of hMSCs-based engineered cartilage for chondral tissue regeneration. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2018; 86:294-304. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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