11
|
de la Fuente MI, Young RJ, Rubel J, Rosenblum M, Tisnado J, Briggs S, Arevalo-Perez J, Cross JR, Campos C, Straley K, Zhu D, Dong C, Thomas A, Omuro AA, Nolan CP, Pentsova E, Kaley TJ, Oh JH, Noeske R, Maher E, Choi C, Gutin PH, Holodny AI, Yen K, DeAngelis LM, Mellinghoff IK, Thakur SB. Integration of 2-hydroxyglutarate-proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy into clinical practice for disease monitoring in isocitrate dehydrogenase-mutant glioma. Neuro Oncol 2015; 18:283-90. [PMID: 26691210 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nov307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The majority of WHO grades II and III gliomas harbor a missense mutation in the metabolic gene isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) and accumulate the metabolite R-2-hydroxyglutarate (R-2HG). Prior studies showed that this metabolite can be detected in vivo using proton magnetic-resonance spectroscopy (MRS), but the sensitivity of this methodology and its clinical implications are unknown. METHODS We developed an MR imaging protocol to integrate 2HG-MRS into routine clinical glioma imaging and examined its performance in 89 consecutive glioma patients. RESULTS Detection of 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) in IDH-mutant gliomas was closely linked to tumor volume, with sensitivity ranging from 8% for small tumors (<3.4 mL) to 91% for larger tumors (>8 mL). In patients undergoing 2HG-MRS prior to surgery, tumor levels of 2HG corresponded with tumor cellularity but not with tumor grade or mitotic index. Cytoreductive therapy resulted in a gradual decrease in 2HG levels with kinetics that closely mirrored changes in tumor volume. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that 2HG-MRS can be linked with routine MR imaging to provide quantitative measurements of 2HG in glioma and may be useful as an imaging biomarker to monitor the abundance of IDH-mutant tumor cells noninvasively during glioma therapy and disease monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Macarena I de la Fuente
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.I.d., S.B., A.T., A.A.O., C.P.N., E.P., T.J.K., L.M.D., I.K.M.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.J.Y., J.R., J.T., J.A.-P., A.I.H., S.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.R.); Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.R.C.); Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (C.C., I.K.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (P.H.G.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.H.O., S.B.T.); Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.S., D.Z., K.Y.); Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (C.D.); Advanced Imaging Research Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (E.M., C.C.); GE Healthcare, Berlin, Germany (R.N.); Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, New York (I.K.M.)
| | - Robert J Young
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.I.d., S.B., A.T., A.A.O., C.P.N., E.P., T.J.K., L.M.D., I.K.M.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.J.Y., J.R., J.T., J.A.-P., A.I.H., S.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.R.); Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.R.C.); Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (C.C., I.K.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (P.H.G.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.H.O., S.B.T.); Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.S., D.Z., K.Y.); Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (C.D.); Advanced Imaging Research Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (E.M., C.C.); GE Healthcare, Berlin, Germany (R.N.); Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, New York (I.K.M.)
| | - Jennifer Rubel
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.I.d., S.B., A.T., A.A.O., C.P.N., E.P., T.J.K., L.M.D., I.K.M.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.J.Y., J.R., J.T., J.A.-P., A.I.H., S.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.R.); Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.R.C.); Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (C.C., I.K.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (P.H.G.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.H.O., S.B.T.); Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.S., D.Z., K.Y.); Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (C.D.); Advanced Imaging Research Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (E.M., C.C.); GE Healthcare, Berlin, Germany (R.N.); Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, New York (I.K.M.)
| | - Marc Rosenblum
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.I.d., S.B., A.T., A.A.O., C.P.N., E.P., T.J.K., L.M.D., I.K.M.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.J.Y., J.R., J.T., J.A.-P., A.I.H., S.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.R.); Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.R.C.); Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (C.C., I.K.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (P.H.G.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.H.O., S.B.T.); Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.S., D.Z., K.Y.); Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (C.D.); Advanced Imaging Research Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (E.M., C.C.); GE Healthcare, Berlin, Germany (R.N.); Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, New York (I.K.M.)
| | - Jamie Tisnado
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.I.d., S.B., A.T., A.A.O., C.P.N., E.P., T.J.K., L.M.D., I.K.M.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.J.Y., J.R., J.T., J.A.-P., A.I.H., S.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.R.); Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.R.C.); Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (C.C., I.K.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (P.H.G.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.H.O., S.B.T.); Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.S., D.Z., K.Y.); Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (C.D.); Advanced Imaging Research Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (E.M., C.C.); GE Healthcare, Berlin, Germany (R.N.); Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, New York (I.K.M.)
| | - Samuel Briggs
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.I.d., S.B., A.T., A.A.O., C.P.N., E.P., T.J.K., L.M.D., I.K.M.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.J.Y., J.R., J.T., J.A.-P., A.I.H., S.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.R.); Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.R.C.); Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (C.C., I.K.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (P.H.G.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.H.O., S.B.T.); Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.S., D.Z., K.Y.); Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (C.D.); Advanced Imaging Research Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (E.M., C.C.); GE Healthcare, Berlin, Germany (R.N.); Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, New York (I.K.M.)
| | - Julio Arevalo-Perez
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.I.d., S.B., A.T., A.A.O., C.P.N., E.P., T.J.K., L.M.D., I.K.M.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.J.Y., J.R., J.T., J.A.-P., A.I.H., S.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.R.); Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.R.C.); Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (C.C., I.K.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (P.H.G.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.H.O., S.B.T.); Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.S., D.Z., K.Y.); Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (C.D.); Advanced Imaging Research Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (E.M., C.C.); GE Healthcare, Berlin, Germany (R.N.); Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, New York (I.K.M.)
| | - Justin R Cross
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.I.d., S.B., A.T., A.A.O., C.P.N., E.P., T.J.K., L.M.D., I.K.M.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.J.Y., J.R., J.T., J.A.-P., A.I.H., S.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.R.); Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.R.C.); Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (C.C., I.K.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (P.H.G.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.H.O., S.B.T.); Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.S., D.Z., K.Y.); Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (C.D.); Advanced Imaging Research Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (E.M., C.C.); GE Healthcare, Berlin, Germany (R.N.); Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, New York (I.K.M.)
| | - Carl Campos
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.I.d., S.B., A.T., A.A.O., C.P.N., E.P., T.J.K., L.M.D., I.K.M.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.J.Y., J.R., J.T., J.A.-P., A.I.H., S.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.R.); Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.R.C.); Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (C.C., I.K.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (P.H.G.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.H.O., S.B.T.); Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.S., D.Z., K.Y.); Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (C.D.); Advanced Imaging Research Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (E.M., C.C.); GE Healthcare, Berlin, Germany (R.N.); Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, New York (I.K.M.)
| | - Kimberly Straley
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.I.d., S.B., A.T., A.A.O., C.P.N., E.P., T.J.K., L.M.D., I.K.M.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.J.Y., J.R., J.T., J.A.-P., A.I.H., S.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.R.); Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.R.C.); Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (C.C., I.K.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (P.H.G.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.H.O., S.B.T.); Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.S., D.Z., K.Y.); Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (C.D.); Advanced Imaging Research Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (E.M., C.C.); GE Healthcare, Berlin, Germany (R.N.); Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, New York (I.K.M.)
| | - Dongwei Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.I.d., S.B., A.T., A.A.O., C.P.N., E.P., T.J.K., L.M.D., I.K.M.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.J.Y., J.R., J.T., J.A.-P., A.I.H., S.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.R.); Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.R.C.); Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (C.C., I.K.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (P.H.G.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.H.O., S.B.T.); Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.S., D.Z., K.Y.); Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (C.D.); Advanced Imaging Research Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (E.M., C.C.); GE Healthcare, Berlin, Germany (R.N.); Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, New York (I.K.M.)
| | - Chuanhui Dong
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.I.d., S.B., A.T., A.A.O., C.P.N., E.P., T.J.K., L.M.D., I.K.M.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.J.Y., J.R., J.T., J.A.-P., A.I.H., S.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.R.); Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.R.C.); Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (C.C., I.K.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (P.H.G.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.H.O., S.B.T.); Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.S., D.Z., K.Y.); Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (C.D.); Advanced Imaging Research Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (E.M., C.C.); GE Healthcare, Berlin, Germany (R.N.); Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, New York (I.K.M.)
| | - Alissa Thomas
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.I.d., S.B., A.T., A.A.O., C.P.N., E.P., T.J.K., L.M.D., I.K.M.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.J.Y., J.R., J.T., J.A.-P., A.I.H., S.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.R.); Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.R.C.); Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (C.C., I.K.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (P.H.G.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.H.O., S.B.T.); Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.S., D.Z., K.Y.); Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (C.D.); Advanced Imaging Research Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (E.M., C.C.); GE Healthcare, Berlin, Germany (R.N.); Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, New York (I.K.M.)
| | - Antonio A Omuro
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.I.d., S.B., A.T., A.A.O., C.P.N., E.P., T.J.K., L.M.D., I.K.M.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.J.Y., J.R., J.T., J.A.-P., A.I.H., S.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.R.); Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.R.C.); Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (C.C., I.K.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (P.H.G.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.H.O., S.B.T.); Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.S., D.Z., K.Y.); Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (C.D.); Advanced Imaging Research Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (E.M., C.C.); GE Healthcare, Berlin, Germany (R.N.); Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, New York (I.K.M.)
| | - Craig P Nolan
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.I.d., S.B., A.T., A.A.O., C.P.N., E.P., T.J.K., L.M.D., I.K.M.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.J.Y., J.R., J.T., J.A.-P., A.I.H., S.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.R.); Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.R.C.); Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (C.C., I.K.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (P.H.G.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.H.O., S.B.T.); Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.S., D.Z., K.Y.); Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (C.D.); Advanced Imaging Research Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (E.M., C.C.); GE Healthcare, Berlin, Germany (R.N.); Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, New York (I.K.M.)
| | - Elena Pentsova
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.I.d., S.B., A.T., A.A.O., C.P.N., E.P., T.J.K., L.M.D., I.K.M.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.J.Y., J.R., J.T., J.A.-P., A.I.H., S.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.R.); Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.R.C.); Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (C.C., I.K.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (P.H.G.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.H.O., S.B.T.); Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.S., D.Z., K.Y.); Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (C.D.); Advanced Imaging Research Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (E.M., C.C.); GE Healthcare, Berlin, Germany (R.N.); Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, New York (I.K.M.)
| | - Thomas J Kaley
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.I.d., S.B., A.T., A.A.O., C.P.N., E.P., T.J.K., L.M.D., I.K.M.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.J.Y., J.R., J.T., J.A.-P., A.I.H., S.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.R.); Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.R.C.); Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (C.C., I.K.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (P.H.G.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.H.O., S.B.T.); Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.S., D.Z., K.Y.); Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (C.D.); Advanced Imaging Research Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (E.M., C.C.); GE Healthcare, Berlin, Germany (R.N.); Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, New York (I.K.M.)
| | - Jung H Oh
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.I.d., S.B., A.T., A.A.O., C.P.N., E.P., T.J.K., L.M.D., I.K.M.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.J.Y., J.R., J.T., J.A.-P., A.I.H., S.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.R.); Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.R.C.); Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (C.C., I.K.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (P.H.G.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.H.O., S.B.T.); Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.S., D.Z., K.Y.); Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (C.D.); Advanced Imaging Research Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (E.M., C.C.); GE Healthcare, Berlin, Germany (R.N.); Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, New York (I.K.M.)
| | - Ralph Noeske
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.I.d., S.B., A.T., A.A.O., C.P.N., E.P., T.J.K., L.M.D., I.K.M.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.J.Y., J.R., J.T., J.A.-P., A.I.H., S.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.R.); Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.R.C.); Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (C.C., I.K.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (P.H.G.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.H.O., S.B.T.); Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.S., D.Z., K.Y.); Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (C.D.); Advanced Imaging Research Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (E.M., C.C.); GE Healthcare, Berlin, Germany (R.N.); Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, New York (I.K.M.)
| | - Elizabeth Maher
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.I.d., S.B., A.T., A.A.O., C.P.N., E.P., T.J.K., L.M.D., I.K.M.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.J.Y., J.R., J.T., J.A.-P., A.I.H., S.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.R.); Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.R.C.); Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (C.C., I.K.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (P.H.G.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.H.O., S.B.T.); Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.S., D.Z., K.Y.); Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (C.D.); Advanced Imaging Research Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (E.M., C.C.); GE Healthcare, Berlin, Germany (R.N.); Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, New York (I.K.M.)
| | - Changho Choi
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.I.d., S.B., A.T., A.A.O., C.P.N., E.P., T.J.K., L.M.D., I.K.M.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.J.Y., J.R., J.T., J.A.-P., A.I.H., S.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.R.); Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.R.C.); Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (C.C., I.K.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (P.H.G.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.H.O., S.B.T.); Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.S., D.Z., K.Y.); Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (C.D.); Advanced Imaging Research Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (E.M., C.C.); GE Healthcare, Berlin, Germany (R.N.); Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, New York (I.K.M.)
| | - Philip H Gutin
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.I.d., S.B., A.T., A.A.O., C.P.N., E.P., T.J.K., L.M.D., I.K.M.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.J.Y., J.R., J.T., J.A.-P., A.I.H., S.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.R.); Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.R.C.); Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (C.C., I.K.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (P.H.G.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.H.O., S.B.T.); Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.S., D.Z., K.Y.); Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (C.D.); Advanced Imaging Research Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (E.M., C.C.); GE Healthcare, Berlin, Germany (R.N.); Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, New York (I.K.M.)
| | - Andrei I Holodny
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.I.d., S.B., A.T., A.A.O., C.P.N., E.P., T.J.K., L.M.D., I.K.M.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.J.Y., J.R., J.T., J.A.-P., A.I.H., S.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.R.); Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.R.C.); Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (C.C., I.K.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (P.H.G.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.H.O., S.B.T.); Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.S., D.Z., K.Y.); Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (C.D.); Advanced Imaging Research Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (E.M., C.C.); GE Healthcare, Berlin, Germany (R.N.); Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, New York (I.K.M.)
| | - Katharine Yen
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.I.d., S.B., A.T., A.A.O., C.P.N., E.P., T.J.K., L.M.D., I.K.M.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.J.Y., J.R., J.T., J.A.-P., A.I.H., S.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.R.); Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.R.C.); Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (C.C., I.K.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (P.H.G.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.H.O., S.B.T.); Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.S., D.Z., K.Y.); Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (C.D.); Advanced Imaging Research Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (E.M., C.C.); GE Healthcare, Berlin, Germany (R.N.); Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, New York (I.K.M.)
| | - Lisa M DeAngelis
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.I.d., S.B., A.T., A.A.O., C.P.N., E.P., T.J.K., L.M.D., I.K.M.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.J.Y., J.R., J.T., J.A.-P., A.I.H., S.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.R.); Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.R.C.); Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (C.C., I.K.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (P.H.G.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.H.O., S.B.T.); Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.S., D.Z., K.Y.); Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (C.D.); Advanced Imaging Research Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (E.M., C.C.); GE Healthcare, Berlin, Germany (R.N.); Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, New York (I.K.M.)
| | - Ingo K Mellinghoff
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.I.d., S.B., A.T., A.A.O., C.P.N., E.P., T.J.K., L.M.D., I.K.M.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.J.Y., J.R., J.T., J.A.-P., A.I.H., S.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.R.); Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.R.C.); Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (C.C., I.K.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (P.H.G.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.H.O., S.B.T.); Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.S., D.Z., K.Y.); Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (C.D.); Advanced Imaging Research Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (E.M., C.C.); GE Healthcare, Berlin, Germany (R.N.); Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, New York (I.K.M.)
| | - Sunitha B Thakur
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.I.d., S.B., A.T., A.A.O., C.P.N., E.P., T.J.K., L.M.D., I.K.M.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.J.Y., J.R., J.T., J.A.-P., A.I.H., S.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.R.); Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.R.C.); Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (C.C., I.K.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (P.H.G.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.H.O., S.B.T.); Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.S., D.Z., K.Y.); Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (C.D.); Advanced Imaging Research Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (E.M., C.C.); GE Healthcare, Berlin, Germany (R.N.); Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, New York (I.K.M.)
| |
Collapse
|