1
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Li S, Bhattacharya S, Chou CY, Chu M, Chou SC, Tonelli M, Goger M, Yang H, Palmer AG, Cavagnero S. LC-Photo-CIDNP hyperpolarization of biomolecules bearing a quasi-isolated spin pair: Magnetic-Field dependence via a rapid-shuttling device. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2024; 359:107616. [PMID: 38271744 PMCID: PMC10922348 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2023.107616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Liquid-state low-concentration photochemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization (LC-photo-CIDNP) is an emerging technology tailored to enhance the sensitivity of NMR spectroscopy via LED- or laser-mediated optical irradiation. LC-photo-CIDNP is particularly useful to detect solvent-exposed aromatic residues (Trp, Tyr), either in isolation or within polypeptides and proteins. This study investigates the magnetic-field dependence of the LC-photo-CIDNP of Trp-α-13C-β,β,2,4,5,6,7-d7, a Trp isotopolog bearing a quasi-isolated 1Hα-13Cαspin pair (QISP). We employed a new rapid-shuttling side-illumination field-cycling device that enables ultra-fast (90-120 ms) vertical movements of NMR samples within the bore of a superconducting magnet. Thus, LC-photo-CIDNP hyperpolarization occurs at low field, while hyperpolarized signals are detected at high field (700 MHz). Resonance lineshapes were excellent, and the effect of several fields (1.18-7.08 T range) on hyperpolarization efficiency could be readily explored. Remarkably, unprecedented LC-photo-CIDNP enhancements ε ≅ 1,200 were obtained at 50 MHz (1.18 T), suggesting exciting avenues to hypersensitive LED-enhanced NMR in liquids at low field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Li
- Dept. of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | | | - Ching-Yu Chou
- Field Cycling Technology LTD., New Taipei City 23444, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Minglee Chu
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shu-Cheng Chou
- Field Cycling Technology LTD., New Taipei City 23444, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Marco Tonelli
- Dept. of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Michael Goger
- New York Structural Biology Center, New York, NY 10027, United States
| | - Hanming Yang
- Dept. of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Arthur G Palmer
- New York Structural Biology Center, New York, NY 10027, United States; Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - Silvia Cavagnero
- Dept. of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, United States.
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2
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Bernarding J, Bruns C, Prediger I, Mützel M, Plaumann M. Detection of sub-nmol amounts of the antiviral drug favipiravir in 19F MRI using photo-chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1527. [PMID: 38233411 PMCID: PMC10794400 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51454-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
In biological tissues, 19F magnetic resonance (MR) enables the non-invasive, background-free detection of 19F-containing biomarkers. However, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is usually low because biomarkers are typically present at low concentrations. Measurements at low magnetic fields further reduce the SNR. In a proof-of-principal study we applied LED-based photo-chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization (photo-CIDNP) to amplify the 19F signal at 0.6 T. For the first time, 19F MR imaging (MRI) and spectroscopy (MRS) of a fully biocompatible model system containing the antiviral drug favipiravir has been successfully performed. This fluorinated drug has been used to treat Ebola and COVID-19. Since the partially cyclic reaction scheme for photo-CIDNP allows for multiple data acquisitions, averaging further improved the SNR. The mean signal gain factor for 19F has been estimated to be in the order of 103. An in-plane resolution of 0.39 × 0.39 mm2 enabled the analysis of spatially varying degrees of hyperpolarization. The minimal detectable amount of favipiravir per voxel was estimated to about 500 pmol. The results show that 19F photo-CIDNP is a promising method for the non-invasive detection of suitable 19F-containing drugs and other compounds with very low levels of the substance.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bernarding
- Institute of Biometry and Medical Informatics, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - C Bruns
- Institute of Biometry and Medical Informatics, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - I Prediger
- Institute of Biometry and Medical Informatics, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - M Mützel
- Pure Devices GmbH, 97222, Rimpar, Germany
| | - M Plaumann
- Institute of Biometry and Medical Informatics, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
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3
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Kurle-Tucholski P, Köhler L, Zhao Z, Link G, Wiebeler C, Matysik J. Stabilization of a flavoprotein for solid-state photo-CIDNP MAS NMR at room temperature by embedding in a glassy sugar matrix. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2023; 353:107497. [PMID: 37295281 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2023.107497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hyperpolarization via the solid-state photochemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization (photo-CIDNP) effect can be detected in frozen solutions of electron transfer proteins generating a radical-pair upon illumination. The effect has been observed in various natural photosynthetic reaction centers and in light-oxygen-voltage (LOV) sensing domains incorporating a flavin mononucleotide (FMN) as chromophore. In LOV domains, where a highly conserved cysteine is mutated to a flavin to interrupt its natural photochemistry, a radical-pair is generated by electron transfer from a nearby tryptophan to the photoexcited triplet state of FMN. During the photocycle, both the LOV domain and the chromophore are photochemically degraded, e.g., by the formation of singlet oxygen. This limits the time for collection of hyperpolarized nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data. We show that embedding of the protein into a trehalose sugar glass matrix stabilizes the protein for 13C solid-state photo-CIDNP NMR experiments which can be conducted at room temperature in a powder sample. Additionally, this preparation allows for incorporation of high amounts of protein further boosting the intensity of the detected signals from FMN and tryptophan at natural abundance. Signal assignment is aided by quantum chemical calculations of absolute shieldings. The underlying mechanism for the surprising absorption-only signal pattern is not yet understood. Comparison to calculated isotropic hyperfine couplings imply that the enhancement is not due to the classical radical-pair mechanism (RPM). Analysis of the anisotropic hyperfine couplings associated with solid-state photo-CIDNP mechanisms also show no simple correlation, suggesting a more complex underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Kurle-Tucholski
- Institut für Analytische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstraße 3, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lisa Köhler
- Institut für Analytische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstraße 3, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ziyue Zhao
- Institut für Analytische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstraße 3, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gerhard Link
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christian Wiebeler
- Institut für Analytische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstraße 3, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Linnéstraße 2, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; Institut für Physik, Universität Augsburg, Universitätsstraße 1, D-86159 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Matysik
- Institut für Analytische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstraße 3, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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4
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Chuchkova L, Bodenstedt S, Picazo-Frutos R, Eills J, Tretiak O, Hu Y, Barskiy DA, de Santis J, Tayler MCD, Budker D, Sheberstov KF. Magnetometer-Detected Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of Photochemically Hyperpolarized Molecules. J Phys Chem Lett 2023:6814-6822. [PMID: 37486855 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c01310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Photochemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization (photo-CIDNP) enables nuclear spin ordering by irradiating samples with light. Polarized spins are conventionally detected via high-field chemical-shift-resolved NMR (above 0.1 T). In this Letter, we demonstrate in situ low-field photo-CIDNP measurements using a magnetically shielded fast-field-cycling NMR setup detecting Larmor precession via atomic magnetometers. For solutions comprising mM concentrations of the photochemically polarized molecules, hyperpolarized 1H magnetization is detected by pulse-acquired NMR spectroscopy. The observed NMR line widths are about 5 times narrower than normally anticipated in high-field NMR and are systematically affected by light irradiation during the acquisition period, reflecting a reduction of the transverse relaxation time constant, T2*, on the order of 10%. Magnetometer-detected photo-CIDNP spectroscopy enables straightforward observation of spin-chemistry processes in the ambient field range from a few nT to tens of mT. Potential applications of this measuring modality are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liubov Chuchkova
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg Universität-Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Sven Bodenstedt
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Román Picazo-Frutos
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg Universität-Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - James Eills
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oleg Tretiak
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg Universität-Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Yinan Hu
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg Universität-Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Danila A Barskiy
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg Universität-Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jacopo de Santis
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Michael C D Tayler
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Dmitry Budker
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg Universität-Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, United States
| | - Kirill F Sheberstov
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg Universität-Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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5
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Eills J, Budker D, Cavagnero S, Chekmenev EY, Elliott SJ, Jannin S, Lesage A, Matysik J, Meersmann T, Prisner T, Reimer JA, Yang H, Koptyug IV. Spin Hyperpolarization in Modern Magnetic Resonance. Chem Rev 2023; 123:1417-1551. [PMID: 36701528 PMCID: PMC9951229 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance techniques are successfully utilized in a broad range of scientific disciplines and in various practical applications, with medical magnetic resonance imaging being the most widely known example. Currently, both fundamental and applied magnetic resonance are enjoying a major boost owing to the rapidly developing field of spin hyperpolarization. Hyperpolarization techniques are able to enhance signal intensities in magnetic resonance by several orders of magnitude, and thus to largely overcome its major disadvantage of relatively low sensitivity. This provides new impetus for existing applications of magnetic resonance and opens the gates to exciting new possibilities. In this review, we provide a unified picture of the many methods and techniques that fall under the umbrella term "hyperpolarization" but are currently seldom perceived as integral parts of the same field. Specifically, before delving into the individual techniques, we provide a detailed analysis of the underlying principles of spin hyperpolarization. We attempt to uncover and classify the origins of hyperpolarization, to establish its sources and the specific mechanisms that enable the flow of polarization from a source to the target spins. We then give a more detailed analysis of individual hyperpolarization techniques: the mechanisms by which they work, fundamental and technical requirements, characteristic applications, unresolved issues, and possible future directions. We are seeing a continuous growth of activity in the field of spin hyperpolarization, and we expect the field to flourish as new and improved hyperpolarization techniques are implemented. Some key areas for development are in prolonging polarization lifetimes, making hyperpolarization techniques more generally applicable to chemical/biological systems, reducing the technical and equipment requirements, and creating more efficient excitation and detection schemes. We hope this review will facilitate the sharing of knowledge between subfields within the broad topic of hyperpolarization, to help overcome existing challenges in magnetic resonance and enable novel applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Eills
- Institute
for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona
Institute of Science and Technology, 08028Barcelona, Spain,
| | - Dmitry Budker
- Johannes
Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128Mainz, Germany,Helmholtz-Institut,
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128Mainz, Germany,Department
of Physics, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| | - Silvia Cavagnero
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, Wisconsin53706, United States
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Department
of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (IBio), Karmanos Cancer Institute
(KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan48202, United States,Russian
Academy of Sciences, Moscow119991, Russia
| | - Stuart J. Elliott
- Molecular
Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College
London, LondonW12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Sami Jannin
- Centre
de RMN à Hauts Champs de Lyon, Université
de Lyon, CNRS, ENS Lyon, Université Lyon 1, 69100Villeurbanne, France
| | - Anne Lesage
- Centre
de RMN à Hauts Champs de Lyon, Université
de Lyon, CNRS, ENS Lyon, Université Lyon 1, 69100Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jörg Matysik
- Institut
für Analytische Chemie, Universität
Leipzig, Linnéstr. 3, 04103Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Meersmann
- Sir
Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, University Park, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, NottinghamNG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Prisner
- Institute
of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry and Center of Biomolecular Magnetic
Resonance, Goethe University Frankfurt, , 60438Frankfurt
am Main, Germany
| | - Jeffrey A. Reimer
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, UC Berkeley, and Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| | - Hanming Yang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, Wisconsin53706, United States
| | - Igor V. Koptyug
- International Tomography Center, Siberian
Branch of the Russian Academy
of Sciences, 630090Novosibirsk, Russia,
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6
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Li S, Yang H, Hofstetter H, Tonelli M, Cavagnero S. Magnetic-Field Dependence of LC-Photo-CIDNP in the Presence of Target Molecules Carrying a Quasi-Isolated Spin Pair. APPLIED MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2023; 54:59-75. [PMID: 37483563 PMCID: PMC10358788 DOI: 10.1007/s00723-022-01506-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
NMR spectroscopy is well known for its superb resolution, especially at high applied magnetic field. However, the sensitivity of this technique is very low. Liquid-state low-concentration photo-chemically-induced dynamic nuclear polarization (LC-photo-CIDNP) is a promising emerging methodology capable of enhancing NMR sensitivity in solution. LC-photo-CIDNP works well on solvent-exposed Trp and Tyr residues, either in isolation or within proteins. This study explores the magnetic-field dependence of the LC-photo-CIDNP experienced by two tryptophan isotopologs in solution upon in situ LED-mediated optical irradiation. Out of the two uniformly 13C,15N-labeled Trp (Trp-U-13C,15N) and Trp-α-13C-β,β,2,4,5,6,7-d7 species employed here, only the latter bears a quasi-isolated 1Hα-13Cα spin pair. Computer simulations of the predicted polarization due to geminate recombination of both species display a roughly bell-shaped field dependence. However, while Trp-U-13C,15N is predicted to show a maximum at ca. 500 MHz (11.7 T) and a fairly weak field dependence, Trp-α-13C-β,β,2,4,5,6,7-d7 is expected to display a much sharper field dependence accompanied by a dramatic polarization increase at lower field (ca. 200 MHz, 4.7 T). Experimental LC-photo-CIDNP studies on both Trp isotopologs at 1μM concentration, performed at selected fields, are consistent with the theoretical predictions. In summary, this study highlights the prominent field-dependence of LC-photo-CIDNP enhancements (ε ) experienced by Trp isotopologs bearing a quasi-isolated spin pair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1101 University Ave., Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
| | - Hanming Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1101 University Ave., Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
| | - Heike Hofstetter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1101 University Ave., Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
| | - Marco Tonelli
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
| | - Silvia Cavagnero
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1101 University Ave., Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
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7
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Yang H, Li S, Mickles CA, Guzman-Luna V, Sugisaki K, Thompson CM, Dang HH, Cavagnero S. Selective Isotope Labeling and LC-Photo-CIDNP Enable NMR Spectroscopy at Low-Nanomolar Concentration. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:11608-11619. [PMID: 35700317 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c01809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
NMR spectroscopy is a powerful tool to investigate molecular structure and dynamics. The poor sensitivity of this technique, however, limits its ability to tackle questions requiring dilute samples. Low-concentration photochemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization (LC-photo-CIDNP) is an optically enhanced NMR technology capable of addressing the above challenge by increasing the detection limit of aromatic amino acids in solution up to 1000-fold, either in isolation or within proteins. Here, we show that the absence of NMR-active nuclei close to a magnetically active site of interest (e.g., the structurally diagnostic 1Hα-13Cα pair of amino acids) is expected to significantly increase LC-photo-CIDNP hyperpolarization. Then, we exploit the spin-diluted tryptophan isotopolog Trp-α-13C-β,β,2,4,5,6,7-d7 and take advantage of the above prediction to experimentally achieve a ca 4-fold enhancement in NMR sensitivity over regular LC-photo-CIDNP. This advance enables the rapid (within seconds) detection of 20 nM concentrations or the molecule of interest, corresponding to a remarkable 3 ng detection limit. Finally, the above Trp isotopolog is amenable to incorporation within proteins and is readily detectable at a 1 μM concentration in complex cell-like media, including Escherichia coli cell-free extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanming Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin─Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Siyu Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin─Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Clayton A Mickles
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin─Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Valeria Guzman-Luna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin─Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Kenji Sugisaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan.,JST PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Clayton M Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin─Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Hung H Dang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin─Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Silvia Cavagnero
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin─Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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