1
|
Zhang Q, Zhao J, Shen J, Zhang X, Ren R, Ma Z, He Y, Kang Q, Wang Y, Dong X, Sun J, Liu Z, Yi X. The ATP-P2X7 Signaling Pathway Participates in the Regulation of Slit1 Expression in Satellite Glial Cells. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:420. [PMID: 31607866 PMCID: PMC6761959 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Slit1 is one of the known signaling factors of the slit family and can promote neurite growth by binding to its receptor, Robo2. Upregulation of Slit1 expression in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) after peripheral nerve injury plays an important role in nerve regeneration. Each sensory neuronal soma in the DRG is encapsulated by several surrounding satellite glial cells (SGCs) to form a neural structural unit. However, the temporal and spatial patterns of Slit1 upregulation in SGCs in DRG and its molecular mechanisms are not well understood. This study examined the spatial and temporal patterns of Slit1 expression in DRG after sciatic nerve crush by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. The effect of neuronal damage signaling on the expression of Slit1 in SGCs was studied in vivo by fluorescent gold retrograde tracing and double immunofluorescence staining. The relationship between the expression of Slit1 in SGCs and neuronal somas was also observed by culturing DRG cells and double immunofluorescence labeling. The molecular mechanism of Slit1 was further explored by immunohistochemistry and western blotting after intraperitoneal injection of Bright Blue G (BBG, P2X7R inhibitor). The results showed that after peripheral nerve injury, the expression of Slit1 in the neurons and SGCs of DRG increased. The expression of Slit1 was presented with a time lag in SGCs than in neurons. The expression of Slit1 in SGCs was induced by contact with surrounding neuronal somas. Through injured cell localization, it was found that the expression of Slit1 was stronger in SGCs surrounding injured neurons than in SGCs surrounding non-injured neurons. The expression of vesicular nucleotide transporter (VNUT) in DRG neurons was increased by injury signaling. After the inhibition of P2X7R, the expression of Slit1 in SGCs was downregulated, and the expression of VNUT in DRG neurons was upregulated. These results indicate that the ATP-P2X7R pathway is involved in signal transduction from peripheral nerve injury to SGCs, leading to the upregulation of Slit1 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quanpeng Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Joint Laboratory for Neuroscience, Hainan Medical University, Fourth Military Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Jiuhong Zhao
- Department of Anatomy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Joint Laboratory for Neuroscience, Hainan Medical University, Fourth Military Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Xianfang Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Joint Laboratory for Neuroscience, Hainan Medical University, Fourth Military Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Rui Ren
- Department of Anatomy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Joint Laboratory for Neuroscience, Hainan Medical University, Fourth Military Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Zhijian Ma
- Department of Anatomy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Joint Laboratory for Neuroscience, Hainan Medical University, Fourth Military Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Yuebin He
- Joint Laboratory for Neuroscience, Hainan Medical University, Fourth Military Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Qian Kang
- Infection Control Department, People's Hospital of Xing'an County, Guilin, China
| | - Yanshan Wang
- Quality Inspection Department, Minghui Industry (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Xu Dong
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Jin Sun
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Zhuozhou Liu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Xinan Yi
- Department of Anatomy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Joint Laboratory for Neuroscience, Hainan Medical University, Fourth Military Medical University, Haikou, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rees CL, White CM, Ascoli GA. Neurochemical Markers in the Mammalian Brain: Structure, Roles in Synaptic Communication, and Pharmacological Relevance. Curr Med Chem 2017; 24:3077-3103. [PMID: 28413962 PMCID: PMC5646670 DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666170414163506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knowledge of molecular marker (typically protein or mRNA) expression in neural systems can provide insight to the chemical blueprint of signal processing and transmission, assist in tracking developmental or pathological progressions, and yield key information regarding potential medicinal targets. These markers are particularly relevant in the mammalian brain in the light of its unsurpassed cellular diversity. Accordingly, molecular expression profiling is rapidly becoming a major approach to classify neuron types. Despite a profusion of research, however, the biological functions of molecular markers commonly used to distinguish neuron types remain incompletely understood. Furthermore, most molecular markers of mammalian neuron types are also present in other organs, therefore complicating considerations of their potential pharmacological interactions. OBJECTIVE Here, we survey 15 prominent neurochemical markers from five categories, namely membrane transporters, calcium-binding proteins, neuropeptides, receptors, and extracellular matrix proteins, explaining their relation and relevance to synaptic communication. METHOD For each marker, we summarize fundamental structural features, cellular functionality, distributions within and outside the brain, as well as known drug effectors and mechanisms of action. CONCLUSION This essential primer thus links together the cellular complexity of the brain, the chemical properties of key molecular players in neurotransmission, and possible biomedical opportunities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L. Rees
- Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Charise M. White
- Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Giorgio A. Ascoli
- Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sforna L, D'Adamo MC, Servettini I, Guglielmi L, Pessia M, Franciolini F, Catacuzzeno L. Expression and function of a CP339,818-sensitive K⁺ current in a subpopulation of putative nociceptive neurons from adult mouse trigeminal ganglia. J Neurophysiol 2015; 113:2653-65. [PMID: 25652918 PMCID: PMC4416569 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00379.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons are functionally and morphologically heterogeneous, and the molecular basis of this heterogeneity is still not fully understood. Here we describe experiments showing that a subpopulation of neurons expresses a delayed-rectifying K(+) current (IDRK) with a characteristically high (nanomolar) sensitivity to the dihydroquinoline CP339,818 (CP). Although submicromolar CP has previously been shown to selectively block Kv1.3 and Kv1.4 channels, the CP-sensitive IDRK found in TG neurons could not be associated with either of these two K(+) channels. It could neither be associated with Kv2.1 channels homomeric or heteromerically associated with the Kv9.2, Kv9.3, or Kv6.4 subunits, whose block by CP, tested using two-electrode voltage-clamp recordings from Xenopus oocytes, resulted in the low micromolar range, nor to the Kv7 subfamily, given the lack of blocking efficacy of 3 μM XE991. Within the group of multiple-firing neurons considered in this study, the CP-sensitive IDRK was preferentially expressed in a subpopulation showing several nociceptive markers, such as small membrane capacitance, sensitivity to capsaicin, and slow afterhyperpolarization (AHP); in these neurons the CP-sensitive IDRK controls the membrane resting potential, the firing frequency, and the AHP duration. A biophysical study of the CP-sensitive IDRK indicated the presence of two kinetically distinct components: a fast deactivating component having a relatively depolarized steady-state inactivation (IDRKf) and a slow deactivating component with a more hyperpolarized V1/2 for steady-state inactivation (IDRKs).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Sforna
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Universitá di Perugia, Perugia, Italy; and
| | - Maria Cristina D'Adamo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Facoltá di Medicina e Chirurgia, Universitá di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ilenio Servettini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Facoltá di Medicina e Chirurgia, Universitá di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Luca Guglielmi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Facoltá di Medicina e Chirurgia, Universitá di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Mauro Pessia
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Facoltá di Medicina e Chirurgia, Universitá di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Fabio Franciolini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Universitá di Perugia, Perugia, Italy; and
| | - Luigi Catacuzzeno
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Universitá di Perugia, Perugia, Italy; and
| |
Collapse
|