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Lorenzini T, Faigle W, Ruder J, Docampo MJ, Opitz L, Martin R. Alterations of Thymus-Derived Tregs in Multiple Sclerosis. NEUROLOGY(R) NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2024; 11:e200251. [PMID: 38838284 PMCID: PMC11160584 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000200251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Multiple sclerosis (MS) is considered a prototypic autoimmune disease of the CNS. It is the leading cause of chronic neurologic disability in young adults. Proinflammatory B cells and autoreactive T cells both play important roles in its pathogenesis. We aimed to study alterations of regulatory T cells (Tregs), which likely also contribute to the disease, but their involvement is less clear. METHODS By combining multiple experimental approaches, we examined the Treg compartments in 41 patients with relapsing-remitting MS and 17 healthy donors. RESULTS Patients with MS showed a reduced frequency of CD4+ T cells and Foxp3+ Tregs and age-dependent alterations of Treg subsets. Treg suppressive function was compromised in patients, who were treated with natalizumab, while it was unaffected in untreated and anti-CD20-treated patients. The changes in natalizumab-treated patients included increased proinflammatory cytokines and an altered transcriptome in thymus-derived (t)-Tregs, but not in peripheral (p)-Tregs. DISCUSSION Treg dysfunction in patients with MS might be related to an altered transcriptome of t-Tregs and a proinflammatory environment. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of Tregs and their subtypes in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Lorenzini
- From the Neuroimmunology and MS Research (T.L., W.F., J.R., M.J.D., R.M.), Neurology Clinic, University Hospital Zurich; Division of Immunology (T.L.), University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich; Cellerys AG (W.F., R.M.), Schlieren, Switzerland; Immunity and Cancer (U932) (W.F.), Immune Response to Cancer Laboratory, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, CEDEX 05, Paris, France; Functional Genomics Center Zurich (L.O.), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology and University of Zurich; Institute of Experimental Immunology (R.M.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; and Therapeutic Design Unit (R.M.), Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wolfgang Faigle
- From the Neuroimmunology and MS Research (T.L., W.F., J.R., M.J.D., R.M.), Neurology Clinic, University Hospital Zurich; Division of Immunology (T.L.), University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich; Cellerys AG (W.F., R.M.), Schlieren, Switzerland; Immunity and Cancer (U932) (W.F.), Immune Response to Cancer Laboratory, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, CEDEX 05, Paris, France; Functional Genomics Center Zurich (L.O.), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology and University of Zurich; Institute of Experimental Immunology (R.M.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; and Therapeutic Design Unit (R.M.), Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Josefine Ruder
- From the Neuroimmunology and MS Research (T.L., W.F., J.R., M.J.D., R.M.), Neurology Clinic, University Hospital Zurich; Division of Immunology (T.L.), University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich; Cellerys AG (W.F., R.M.), Schlieren, Switzerland; Immunity and Cancer (U932) (W.F.), Immune Response to Cancer Laboratory, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, CEDEX 05, Paris, France; Functional Genomics Center Zurich (L.O.), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology and University of Zurich; Institute of Experimental Immunology (R.M.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; and Therapeutic Design Unit (R.M.), Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - María José Docampo
- From the Neuroimmunology and MS Research (T.L., W.F., J.R., M.J.D., R.M.), Neurology Clinic, University Hospital Zurich; Division of Immunology (T.L.), University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich; Cellerys AG (W.F., R.M.), Schlieren, Switzerland; Immunity and Cancer (U932) (W.F.), Immune Response to Cancer Laboratory, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, CEDEX 05, Paris, France; Functional Genomics Center Zurich (L.O.), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology and University of Zurich; Institute of Experimental Immunology (R.M.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; and Therapeutic Design Unit (R.M.), Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lennart Opitz
- From the Neuroimmunology and MS Research (T.L., W.F., J.R., M.J.D., R.M.), Neurology Clinic, University Hospital Zurich; Division of Immunology (T.L.), University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich; Cellerys AG (W.F., R.M.), Schlieren, Switzerland; Immunity and Cancer (U932) (W.F.), Immune Response to Cancer Laboratory, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, CEDEX 05, Paris, France; Functional Genomics Center Zurich (L.O.), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology and University of Zurich; Institute of Experimental Immunology (R.M.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; and Therapeutic Design Unit (R.M.), Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roland Martin
- From the Neuroimmunology and MS Research (T.L., W.F., J.R., M.J.D., R.M.), Neurology Clinic, University Hospital Zurich; Division of Immunology (T.L.), University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich; Cellerys AG (W.F., R.M.), Schlieren, Switzerland; Immunity and Cancer (U932) (W.F.), Immune Response to Cancer Laboratory, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, CEDEX 05, Paris, France; Functional Genomics Center Zurich (L.O.), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology and University of Zurich; Institute of Experimental Immunology (R.M.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; and Therapeutic Design Unit (R.M.), Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Sparaco M, Bonavita S. Vitamin D Supplementation: Effect on Cytokine Profile in Multiple Sclerosis. J Clin Med 2024; 13:835. [PMID: 38337529 PMCID: PMC10856360 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13030835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is known for its role in modulating calcium and phosphate homeostasis and is implicated both in bone mineralization and immune system regulation. The immune-modulatory role of vitamin D and its impact on multiple sclerosis (MS) courses are still debated. The aim of this review was to check the effect of vitamin D supplementation on cytokine profile regulation in people with MS. A significant increase in serum concentrations of interleukin (IL)-10 and Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 after vitamin D supplementation was demonstrated in most studies, with some of them reporting a reduction in disability scores after vitamin D supplementation and an inverse correlation between IL-10 levels and disability. The effect of vitamin D on the serum levels of IL-17 and IL-6 was controversial; different results across studies could be explained by a variability in the treatment duration, route, and frequency of administration, as well as the dosage of vitamin D supplementation, responses to vitamin D treatment and the serum levels reached with supplementation, including the methods used for cytokine analysis and the different cell types investigated, the MS phenotype, the disease phase (active vs. non-active) and duration, and concomitant treatment with disease-modifying therapies. Nevertheless, the significant increase in the serum concentrations of IL-10 and TGF-β1, demonstrated in most studies, suggests an anti-inflammatory effect of vitamin D supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simona Bonavita
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy;
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Yeh WZ, Lea R, Stankovich J, Sampangi S, Laverick L, Van der Walt A, Jokubaitis V, Gresle M, Butzkueven H. Transcriptomics identifies blunted immunomodulatory effects of vitamin D in people with multiple sclerosis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1436. [PMID: 38228657 PMCID: PMC10792011 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51779-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor for developing multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the immune effects of vitamin D in people with MS are not well understood. We analyzed transcriptomic datasets generated by RNA sequencing of immune cell subsets (CD4+, CD8+ T cells, B cells, monocytes) from 33 healthy controls and 33 untreated MS cases. We utilized a traditional bioinformatic pipeline and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to determine genes and pathways correlated with endogenous vitamin D. In controls, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells had 1079 and 1188 genes, respectively, whose expressions were correlated with plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D level (P < 0.05). Functional enrichment analysis identified association with TNF-alpha and MAPK signaling. In CD4+ T cells of controls, vitamin D level was associated with expression levels of several genes proximal to multiple sclerosis risk loci (P = 0.01). Genes differentially associated with endogenous vitamin D by case-control status were enriched in TNF-alpha signaling via NF-κB. WGCNA suggested a blunted response to vitamin D in cases relative to controls. Collectively, our findings provide further evidence for the immune effects of vitamin D, and demonstrate a differential immune response to vitamin D in cases relative to controls, highlighting a possible mechanism contributing to MS pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Z Yeh
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Alfred Centre, Level 6, 99 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
- Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Rodney Lea
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jim Stankovich
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Alfred Centre, Level 6, 99 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Sandeep Sampangi
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Alfred Centre, Level 6, 99 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Louise Laverick
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anneke Van der Walt
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Alfred Centre, Level 6, 99 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Vilija Jokubaitis
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Alfred Centre, Level 6, 99 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Melissa Gresle
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Alfred Centre, Level 6, 99 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Helmut Butzkueven
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Alfred Centre, Level 6, 99 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
- Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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Ghahramanipour Z, Alipour S, Masoumi J, Rostamlou A, Hatami-Sadr A, Heris JA, Naseri B, Jafarlou M, Baradaran B. Regulation of Dendritic Cell Functions by Vitamins as Promising Therapeutic Strategy for Immune System Disorders. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2300142. [PMID: 37423961 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
A functional immune system is crucial for a healthy life, protecting from infections, tumors, or autoimmune disorders; these are accomplished by the interaction between various immune cells. Nourishment, particularly micronutrients, are very important components in the immune system balance, therefore this review emphasizes the vitamins (D, E, A, C) and Dendritic cells' subsets due to vitamins' roles in immune processes, especially on dendritic cells' functions, maturation, and cytokine production. Current studies reveal significant benefits related to vitamins, including vitamin E, which can contribute to the control of dendritic cells' function and maturation. Furthermore, vitamin D plays an immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory role in the immune system. Metabolite of vitamin A which is called retinoic acid leads to T cells' differentiation to T helper 1 or T helper 17, so low levels of this vitamin exacerbate the menace of infectious diseases, and vitamin C has anti-oxidant effects on dendritic cells and modulate their activation and differentiation program. Additionally, the correlation between the amount of vitamin and the occurrence or progression of allergic diseases and autoimmunity disorders is discussed according to the results of previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Ghahramanipour
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5166616471, Iran
| | - Shiva Alipour
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5166616471, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5165665931, Iran
| | - Javad Masoumi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5166616471, Iran
| | - Arman Rostamlou
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of EGE, Izmir, 35040, Turkey
| | | | - Javad Ahmadian Heris
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5166616471, Iran
| | - Bahar Naseri
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5166616471, Iran
| | - Mahdi Jafarlou
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5166616471, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5166616471, Iran
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5
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Carlberg C, Mycko MP. Linking Mechanisms of Vitamin D Signaling with Multiple Sclerosis. Cells 2023; 12:2391. [PMID: 37830605 PMCID: PMC10571821 DOI: 10.3390/cells12192391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental triggers often work via signal transduction cascades that modulate the epigenome and transcriptome of cell types involved in the disease process. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease affecting the central nervous system being characterized by a combination of recurring inflammation, demyelination and progressive loss of axons. The mechanisms of MS onset are not fully understood and genetic variants may explain only some 20% of the disease susceptibility. From the environmental factors being involved in disease development low vitamin D levels have been shown to significantly contribute to MS susceptibility. The pro-hormone vitamin D3 acts via its metabolite 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) as a high affinity ligand to the transcription factor VDR (vitamin D receptor) and is a potent modulator of the epigenome at thousands of genomic regions and the transcriptome of hundreds of genes. A major target tissue of the effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 and VDR are cells of innate and adaptive immunity, such as monocytes, dendritic cells as well as B and T cells. Vitamin D induces immunological tolerance in T cells and reduces inflammatory reactions of various types of immune cells, all of which are implicated in MS pathogenesis. The immunomodulatory effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 contribute to the prevention of MS. However, the strength of the responses to vitamin D3 supplementation is highly variegated between individuals. This review will relate mechanisms of individual's vitamin D responsiveness to MS susceptibility and discuss the prospect of vitamin D3 supplementation as a way to extinguish the autoimmunity in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Carlberg
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marcin P. Mycko
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Warszawska 30, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland;
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6
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Feki S, Naifar M, Dammak M, Majdoub S, Sakka S, Ben AY, Hachicha H, Mhiri C, Ayadi F, Masmoudi H. Vitamin D deficiency in relation with the systemic and central inflammation during multiple sclerosis. J Med Biochem 2023; 42:364-375. [PMID: 37814621 PMCID: PMC10560505 DOI: 10.5937/jomb0-37676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background During the last decade, vitamin D (VitD) has become a topic of interest in immune regulation, especially in multiple sclerosis (MS) disease. Amongst the wide range of effects reported for this vitamin on the immune system, a regulatory role on cytokines production has been described. Our aim is to analyze the status of VitD and its correlation with the circulating inflammation and the intrathecal humoral response during MS. Methods We analyzed samples of 318 individuals: 108 MS patients and 210 controls. Determination of 25-(OH) VitD3 level in serum was made using electrochemiluminescence method. Circulating inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-a, IL12p70 and IL-1b) were investigated using Cytometer Bead Array Technology. The central humoral response was characterized using CSF isofocusing test and IgG Index calculation. Results As expected, mean value of VitD was significantly lower in MS group (26 nmol/L) than in control group (34.75 nmol/L) (p=0.002), with a severe deficiency in 67% of MS patients. Mean value of VitD was significantly lower in MS female patients. Regarding cytokines, mean value of TNFa was significantly higher in MS patients with oligoclonal bands of IgG in the CSF. IL6 was positively correlated with IgG level in serum of MS patients. Conclusions Our results support the association of VitD deficiency with MS, especially in female patients of our region. However, the vitamin level seems to not correlate with inflammatory cytokines nor with disability. Interestingly, TNFa and IL6 levels were correlated with the intrathecal synthesis of IgG and the circulating IgG level, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawsan Feki
- University of Sfax, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Immunology Laboratory, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Manel Naifar
- University of Sfax, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Biochemistry Laboratory, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mariem Dammak
- University of Sfax, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Neurology Department, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sabrina Majdoub
- University of Sfax, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Immunology Laboratory, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Salma Sakka
- University of Sfax, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Neurology Department, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ali Yesmine Ben
- University of Sfax, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Immunology Laboratory, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hend Hachicha
- University of Sfax, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Immunology Laboratory, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Chokri Mhiri
- University of Sfax, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Neurology Department, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Ayadi
- University of Sfax, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Biochemistry Laboratory, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hatem Masmoudi
- University of Sfax, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Immunology Laboratory, Sfax, Tunisia
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Liu H, Zhang Y, Li H, Gao X, Wang J, Cong X, Xin Y, Zhu Q, Chen B, Yang YG, Sun T. Co-delivery of vitamin D3 and Lkb1 siRNA by cationic lipid-assisted PEG-PLGA nanoparticles to effectively remodel the immune system in vivo. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:5931-5941. [PMID: 37470222 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm00767g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
The imbalance of the immune system can lead to the occurrence of autoimmune diseases. Controlling and regulating the proliferation and function of effector T (Teff) cells and regulatory T (Treg) cells becomes the key to treating these diseases. Dendritic cells (DCs), as dedicated antigen-presenting cells, play a key role in inducing the differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells. In this study, we designed a cationic lipid-assisted PEG-PLGA nanoparticle (NPs/VD3/siLkb1) to deliver 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (VD3) and small interfering RNA (siRNA) to DC cells in the draining lymph nodes. By modulating the phenotypic changes of DC cells, this approach expands Treg cells and reduces the occurrence of autoimmune diseases. Thus, this study provides a novel approach to alleviating the occurrence and development of autoimmune diseases while also minimizing the risk of unwanted complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haochuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130061, China.
- Department of Orthopaedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130031, China
| | - Yuning Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130061, China.
- International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130015, China
- National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
| | - He Li
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130061, China.
- National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
| | - Xue Gao
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130061, China.
| | - Jialiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130061, China.
- National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
| | - Xiuxiu Cong
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130061, China.
- National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
| | - Yanbao Xin
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130061, China.
- National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
| | - Qingsan Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130031, China
| | - Bing Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130031, China.
| | - Yong-Guang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130061, China.
- International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130015, China
- National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
| | - Tianmeng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130061, China.
- International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130015, China
- National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
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Daryabor G, Gholijani N, Kahmini FR. A review of the critical role of vitamin D axis on the immune system. Exp Mol Pathol 2023; 132-133:104866. [PMID: 37572961 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2023.104866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the physiological and molecular functions of vitamin D (Vit-D) have been deeply investigated. At first, Vit-D was considered a regulator of mineral and skeletal homeostasis. However, due to the extensive-expression pattern of Vit-D receptor (VDR) in almost every non-skeletal cell, Vit-D is considered mainly a multifunctional agent with broad effects on various tissues, notably the immune system. The expression of VDR in immune cells such as dendritic cells, monocyte/macrophage, neutrophils, B cells and T cells has been well demonstrated. Besides, such immune cells are capable of metabolizing the active form of Vit-D which means that it can module the immune system in both paracrine and autocrine manners. Vit-D binding protein (DBP), that regulates the levels and homeostasis of Vit-D, is another key molecule capable of modulating the immune system. Recent studies indicate that dysregulation of Vit-D axis, variations in the DBP and VDR genes, and Vit-D levels might be risk factors for the development of autoimmune disease. Here, the current evidence regarding the role of Vit-D axis on the immune system, as well as its role in the development of autoimmune disease will be clarified. Further insight will be given to those studies that investigated the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms of DBP and VDR genes with autoimmune disease susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamreza Daryabor
- Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nasser Gholijani
- Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rezaei Kahmini
- Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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9
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Fernandes de Souza WD, da Fonseca DM, Sartori A. COVID-19 and Multiple Sclerosis: A Complex Relationship Possibly Aggravated by Low Vitamin D Levels. Cells 2023; 12:cells12050684. [PMID: 36899820 PMCID: PMC10000583 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an exceptionally transmissible and pathogenic coronavirus that appeared at the end of 2019 and triggered a pandemic of acute respiratory disease, known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). COVID-19 can evolve into a severe disease associated with immediate and delayed sequelae in different organs, including the central nervous system (CNS). A topic that deserves attention in this context is the complex relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and multiple sclerosis (MS). Here, we initially described the clinical and immunopathogenic characteristics of these two illnesses, accentuating the fact that COVID-19 can, in defined patients, reach the CNS, the target tissue of the MS autoimmune process. The well-known contribution of viral agents such as the Epstein-Barr virus and the postulated participation of SARS-CoV-2 as a risk factor for the triggering or worsening of MS are then described. We emphasize the contribution of vitamin D in this scenario, considering its relevance in the susceptibility, severity and control of both pathologies. Finally, we discuss the experimental animal models that could be explored to better understand the complex interplay of these two diseases, including the possible use of vitamin D as an adjunct immunomodulator to treat them.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Danilo Fernandes de Souza
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil
- Correspondence:
| | - Denise Morais da Fonseca
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Alexandrina Sartori
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil
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10
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Vitamin D in Neurological Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010087. [PMID: 36613531 PMCID: PMC9820561 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D may have multiple effects on the nervous system and its deficiency can represent a possible risk factor for the development of many neurological diseases. Recent studies are also trying to clarify the different effects of vitamin D supplementation over the course of progressive neurological diseases. In this narrative review, we summarise vitamin D chemistry, metabolism, mechanisms of action, and the recommended daily intake. The role of vitamin D on gene transcription and the immune response is also reviewed. Finally, we discuss the scientific evidence that links low 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations to the onset and progression of severe neurological diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, migraine, diabetic neuropathy and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Completed and ongoing clinical trials on vitamin D supplementation in neurological diseases are listed.
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11
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Galoppin M, Kari S, Soldati S, Pal A, Rival M, Engelhardt B, Astier A, Thouvenot E. Full spectrum of vitamin D immunomodulation in multiple sclerosis: mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac171. [PMID: 35813882 PMCID: PMC9260308 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with the risk of multiple sclerosis, disease activity and progression. Results from in vitro experiments, animal models and analysis of human samples from randomized controlled trials provide comprehensive data illustrating the pleiotropic actions of Vitamin D on the immune system. They globally result in immunomodulation by decreasing differentiation of effector T and B cells while promoting regulatory subsets. Vitamin D also modulates innate immune cells such as macrophages, monocytes and dendritic cells, and acts at the level of the blood–brain barrier reducing immune cell trafficking. Vitamin D exerts additional activity within the central nervous system reducing microglial and astrocytic activation. The immunomodulatory role of Vitamin D detected in animal models of multiple sclerosis has suggested its potential therapeutic use for treating multiple sclerosis. In this review, we focus on recent published data describing the biological effects of Vitamin D in animal models of multiple sclerosis on immune cells, blood–brain barrier function, activation of glial cells and its potential neuroprotective effects. Based on the current knowledge, we also discuss optimization of therapeutic interventions with Vitamin D in patients with multiple sclerosis, as well as new technologies allowing in-depth analysis of immune cell regulations by vitamin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Galoppin
- IGF, University Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM , Montpellier , France
| | - Saniya Kari
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), INSERM UMR1291 – CNRS UMR5051 – Université Toulouse III , 31024 Toulouse cedex 3 , France
| | - Sasha Soldati
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland
| | - Arindam Pal
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland
| | - Manon Rival
- IGF, University Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM , Montpellier , France
- Department of Neurology, Nîmes University Hospital, University Montpellier , Nîmes , France
| | | | - Anne Astier
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), INSERM UMR1291 – CNRS UMR5051 – Université Toulouse III , 31024 Toulouse cedex 3 , France
| | - Eric Thouvenot
- IGF, University Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM , Montpellier , France
- Department of Neurology, Nîmes University Hospital, University Montpellier , Nîmes , France
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12
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Florou DT, Mavropoulos A, Dardiotis E, Tsimourtou V, Siokas V, Aloizou AM, Liaskos C, Tsigalou C, Katsiari C, Sakkas LI, Hadjigeorgiou G, Bogdanos DP. Tetracyclines Diminish In Vitro IFN-γ and IL-17-Producing Adaptive and Innate Immune Cells in Multiple Sclerosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:739186. [PMID: 34899697 PMCID: PMC8662812 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.739186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Limited data from clinical trials in multiple sclerosis (MS) reported that minocycline, a widely used antibiotic belonging to the family of tetracyclines (TCs), exerts a beneficial short-lived clinical effect A similar anti-inflammatory effect of minocycline attributed to a deviation from Th1 to Th2 immune response has been reported in experimental models of MS. Whether such an immunomodulatory mechanism is operated in the human disease remains largely unknown. Aim To assess the in vitro immunomodulatory effect of tetracyclines, and in particular minocycline and doxycycline, in naïve and treated patients with MS. Material and Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 45 individuals (35 MS patients, amongst which 15 naïve patients and 10 healthy controls, HCs) were cultured with minocycline or doxycycline and conventional stimulants (PMA/Ionomycin or IL-12/IL-18). IFN-γ and IL-17 producing T-, NK- and NKT cells were assessed by flow cytometry. The effect of TCs on cell viability and apoptosis was further assessed by flow cytometry with Annexin V staining. Results Both tetracyclines significantly decreased, in a dose dependent manner, IFN-γ production in NKT and CD4+ T lymphocytes from MS patients (naïve or treated) stimulated with IL-12/IL-18 but did not decrease IFN-γ producing CD8+ T cells from naive MS or treated RRMS patients. They also decreased IL-17+ T and NKT cells following PMA and Ionomycin-stimulation. Tetracyclines did not affect the viability of cell subsets. Conclusion Tetracyclines can in vitro suppress IFN-γ and IL-17- producing cells from MS patients, and this may explain their potential therapeutic effect in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despoina T Florou
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.,Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Athanasios Mavropoulos
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Efthymios Dardiotis
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Vana Tsimourtou
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Vasileios Siokas
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Athina-Maria Aloizou
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Christos Liaskos
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Christina Tsigalou
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Christina Katsiari
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Lazaros I Sakkas
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Georgios Hadjigeorgiou
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.,Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Dimitrios P Bogdanos
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
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Papadimitriou DT, Bothou C, Dermitzaki E, Alexopoulos A, Mastorakos G. Treatment of alopecia totalis/universalis/focalis with vitamin D and analogs: Three case reports and a literature review. World J Clin Pediatr 2021; 10:192-199. [PMID: 34868895 PMCID: PMC8603638 DOI: 10.5409/wjcp.v10.i6.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alopecia areata (AA) is an inflammatory disease with autoimmune, environmental, and inherited components directed at the hair follicle, either limited to patchy hair loss over the scalp (Focalis, AF), total loss of scalp hair (Totalis, AT), or total loss of both scalp and body hair (Universalis, AU). Despite multiple treatment modalities, no therapy exists. Vitamin D deficiency in patients with AA/AT/AF influences disease severity and duration, inversely correlating with inflammation histologically.
CASE SUMMARY Three girls presented with AT (P1), AU (P2), and AF (P3) at the ages of 1, 5, and 5 years, respectively. For P1-P2, all available treatments implemented for 2 years had failed. We started an initial 6-mo repletion with oral cholecalciferol 2000/4000 IU/d, with no apparent effect. Then we attempted immunomodulation using oral calcitriol and its analog paricalcitol. On calcitriol, 0.5 mcg/d P1 regrew hair within 6 mo. After 4 years, a relapse with loss of eyebrow hair was resolved after doubling the calcitriol dose to 0.5 mcg × 2/d; the results have been maintained for 6 years to date. On calcitriol, 0.25 mcg × 3/d P2 led to the development of asymptomatic hypercalcemia-hypercalciuria, which was immediately resolved by switching to paricalcitol 2 mcg × 3/d; mild tolerable hypercalciuria was maintained. Hair regrowth was observed at 6 mo, stabilizing only as fur at 12 mo. AF in P3 was resolved completely within 3 mo on a daily high dose (8000 IU) of cholecalciferol.
CONCLUSION Vitamin D may have immunomodulating therapeutic impact on AT/AU/AF, which needs to be explored with further pilot clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios T Papadimitriou
- Department of Pediatric-Adolescent Endocrinology and Diabetes, Athens Medical Center, Athens 15125, Greece
- Endocrine Unit, Aretaieion University Hospital, Athens 11528, Greece
| | - Christina Bothou
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ), University of Zurich (UZH), CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eleni Dermitzaki
- Department of Pediatric-Adolescent Endocrinology and Diabetes, Athens Medical Center, Athens 15125, Greece
| | - Alexios Alexopoulos
- Special Unit of Dermatology, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Agia Sofia Children's Hospital, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - George Mastorakos
- Endocrine Unit, Aretaieion University Hospital, Athens 11528, Greece
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14
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Lincoln MR, Schneider R, Oh J. Vitamin D as disease-modifying therapy for multiple sclerosis? Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2021; 17:691-693. [PMID: 33836645 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2021.1915772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Lincoln
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Raphael Schneider
- Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jiwon Oh
- Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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The effects of vitamin D3 supplementation on TGF-β and IL-17 serum levels in migraineurs: post hoc analysis of a randomized clinical trial. J Pharm Health Care Sci 2021; 7:9. [PMID: 33653409 PMCID: PMC7927391 DOI: 10.1186/s40780-021-00192-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the exact mechanism involved in migraine pathogenesis remained uncertain, and different researches have been developed to address the role of neuroinflammation and immune dysfunction. Therefore, considering the immune protective functions of vitamin D3, we aimed to investigate the effects of daily administration of 2000 IU D3 supplements on serum status of immune markers in migraine patients. METHODS AND MATERIALS Eighty episodic migraineurs who randomly assigned into two equal groups to receive either vitamin D3 2000 IU/d or placebo for 12-week were enrolled in this placebo-controlled double-blind trial included. Serum concentrations of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and interleukin (IL)-17 were evaluated at baseline and after the trial via the ELISA method. RESULTS Applying ANCOVA adjusted for baseline levels and confounding variables, it was found that the serum level of TGF-β was significantly higher in vitamin D group (adjusted mean:1665.50 ng/L) than the placebo group (1361.90 ng/L) after the experiment (P-value = 0.012); on the other hand, vitamin D prevented the increment in IL-17 serum level in the intervention group after the trial (adjusted mean:37.84 ng/L) comparing to the controls (adjusted mean:70.09 ng/L; P-value = 0.039). The Pearson correlation analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between changes in serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25(OH)D) and TGF-β (r = - 0.306, P-value = 0.008). In contrast, no significant correlations were noted between serum 25(OH) D and IL-17 changes throughout the study. CONCLUSION Based on the results of this study, it was revealed that 12-week vitamin D3 supplementation (2000 IU/day) could enhance the Th17/Treg related cytokines balance in episodic migraineurs. Although these findings are promising, it is needed to be extended. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial is registered in the Iranian registry of clinical trials (IRCT) at 11 July 2018, with IRCT code: IRCT20151128025267N6 ( https://www.irct.ir/trial/31246 ).
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Herpesvirus Antibodies, Vitamin D and Short-Chain Fatty Acids: Their Correlation with Cell Subsets in Multiple Sclerosis Patients and Healthy Controls. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010119. [PMID: 33435197 PMCID: PMC7826528 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the etiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) is still unknown, it is commonly accepted that environmental factors could contribute to the disease. The objective of this study was to analyze the humoral response to Epstein-Barr virus, human herpesvirus 6A/B and cytomegalovirus, and the levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and the three main short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), propionate (PA), butyrate (BA) and acetate (AA), in MS patients and healthy controls (HC) to understand how they could contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease. With this purpose, we analyzed the correlations among them and with different clinical variables and a wide panel of cell subsets. We found statistically significant differences for most of the environmental factors analyzed when we compared MS patients and HC, supporting their possible involvement in the disease. The strongest correlations with the clinical variables and the cell subsets analyzed were found for 25(OH)D and SCFAs levels. A correlation was also found between 25(OH)D and PA/AA ratio, and the interaction between these factors negatively correlated with interleukin 17 (IL-17)-producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in untreated MS patients. Therapies that simultaneously increase vitamin D levels and modify the proportion of SCFA could be evaluated in the future.
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Aghbash PS, Hemmat N, Nahand JS, Shamekh A, Memar MY, Babaei A, Baghi HB. The role of Th17 cells in viral infections. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 91:107331. [PMID: 33418239 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The present review provides an overview of recent advances regarding the function of Th17 cells and their produced cytokines in the progression of viral diseases. Viral infections alone do not lead to virus-induced malignancies, as both genetic and host safety factors are also involved in the occurrence of malignancies. Acquired immune responses, through the differentiation of Th17 cells, form the novel components of the Th17 cell pathway when reacting with viral infections all the way from the beginning to its final stages. As a result, instead of inducing the right immune responses, these events lead to the suppression of the immune system. In fact, the responses from Th17 cells during persistent viral infections causes chronic inflammation through the production of IL-17 and other cytokines which provide a favorable environment for tumor growth and its development. Additionally, during the past decade, these cells have been understood to be involved in tumor progression and metastasis. However, further research is required to understand Th17 cells' immune mechanisms in the vast variety of viral diseases. This review aims to determine the roles and effects of the immune system, especially Th17 cells, in the progression of viral diseases; which can be highly beneficial for the diagnosis and treatment of these infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Shiri Aghbash
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, ZIP Code 15731 Tabriz, Iran; Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, ZIP Code 15731 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nima Hemmat
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, ZIP Code 15731 Tabriz, Iran; Drug Applied Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, ZIP Code 15731 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javid Sadri Nahand
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, ZIP Code 14155 Tehran, Iran; Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, ZIP Code 14155 Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Shamekh
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, ZIP Code 15731 Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, ZIP Code 15731 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Yousef Memar
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, ZIP Code 15731 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abouzar Babaei
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tarbiat Modares University, ZIP Code 14155 Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Bannazadeh Baghi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, ZIP Code 15731 Tabriz, Iran; Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, ZIP Code 15731 Tabriz, Iran; Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, ZIP Code 15731 Tabriz, Iran.
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18
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L Bishop E, Ismailova A, Dimeloe S, Hewison M, White JH. Vitamin D and Immune Regulation: Antibacterial, Antiviral, Anti-Inflammatory. JBMR Plus 2021; 5:e10405. [PMID: 32904944 PMCID: PMC7461279 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulation of immune function continues to be one of the most well-recognized extraskeletal actions of vitamin D. This stemmed initially from the discovery that antigen presenting cells such as macrophages could actively metabolize precursor 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25D) to active 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D). Parallel observation that activated cells from the immune system expressed the intracellular vitamin D receptor (VDR) for 1,25D suggested a potential role for vitamin D as a localized endogenous modulator of immune function. Subsequent studies have expanded our understanding of how vitamin D exerts effects on both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. At an innate level, intracrine synthesis of 1,25D by macrophages and dendritic cells stimulates expression of antimicrobial proteins such as cathelicidin, as well as lowering intracellular iron concentrations via suppression of hepcidin. By potently enhancing autophagy, 1,25D may also play an important role in combatting intracellular pathogens such as M. tuberculosis and viral infections. Local synthesis of 1,25D by macrophages and dendritic cells also appears to play a pivotal role in mediating T-cell responses to vitamin D, leading to suppression of inflammatory T helper (Th)1 and Th17 cells, and concomitant induction of immunotolerogenic T-regulatory responses. The aim of this review is to provide an update on our current understanding of these prominent immune actions of vitamin D, as well as highlighting new, less well-recognized immune effects of vitamin D. The review also aims to place this mechanistic basis for the link between vitamin D and immunity with studies in vivo that have explored a role for vitamin D supplementation as a strategy for improved immune health. This has gained prominence in recent months with the global coronavirus disease 2019 health crisis and highlights important new objectives for future studies of vitamin D and immune function. © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Bishop
- Institute of Immunology and ImmunotherapyUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Aiten Ismailova
- Department of PhysiologyMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Sarah Dimeloe
- Institute of Immunology and ImmunotherapyUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
- Metabolism and Systems ResearchUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Martin Hewison
- Metabolism and Systems ResearchUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - John H White
- Department of PhysiologyMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
- Department of MedicineMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
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19
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Bianchi N, Emming S, Zecca C, Monticelli S. Vitamin D and IFN-β Modulate the Inflammatory Gene Expression Program of Primary Human T Lymphocytes. Front Immunol 2020; 11:566781. [PMID: 33343562 PMCID: PMC7746617 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.566781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
IFN-β treatment is a commonly used therapy for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS), while vitamin D deficiency correlates with an increased risk of MS and/or its activity. MS is a demyelinating chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system, in which activated T lymphocytes play a major role, and may represent direct targets of IFN-β and vitamin D activities. However, the underlying mechanism of action of vitamin D and IFN-β, alone or in combination, remains incompletely understood, especially when considering their direct effects on the ability of T lymphocytes to produce inflammatory cytokines. We profiled the expression of immune-related genes and microRNAs in primary human T lymphocytes in response to vitamin D and IFN-β, and we dissected the impact of these treatments on cytokine production and T cell proliferation. We found that the treatments influenced primarily memory T cell plasticity, rather than polarization toward a stable phenotype. Moreover, our data revealed extensive reprogramming of the transcriptional output of primary T cells in response to vitamin D and IFN-β and provide the bases for further mechanistic insights into these commonly used treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niccolò Bianchi
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Emming
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Chiara Zecca
- Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ospedale Regionale di Lugano, and Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Monticelli
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
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20
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Wang G, Li Y, Li Y, Zhang J, Zhou C, Wu C, Zhu Q, Shen T. Maternal vitamin D supplementation inhibits bisphenol A-induced proliferation of Th17 cells in adult offspring. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 144:111604. [PMID: 32702508 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) exposure can increase the risk of immune-related diseases in later life. Vitamin D3 (Vit D3) has been shown to have multiple immunomodulatory actions and has been used to treat immune diseases. However, the potential beneficial effects of Vit D3 on BPA-induced adverse effects in the immune system have not explored. We hypothesize that VitD3 may ameliorate BPA-induced side effects in the immune system, even in offspring of VitD3-supplemented mothers. Here, we established our experimental model by exposing pregnant dams with 1000 nM BPA with or without VitD3 (0.25 μg/kg, 1 μg/kg and 4 μg/kg) treatment. We show that mother's exposure to BPA increases proliferation of the spleen T helper 17 (Th17) cells and serum protein level of IL-17 in the offspring; however, VitD3 supplementation in mothers dose-dependently ameliorated these BPA-induced side effects on the immune system in the offspring as evidenced by attenuated upregulation of Th17 proliferation, and RORγt, IL-17, IL-6, and IL-23 expressions in the offspring. Our data provide the first evidence that maternal VitD3 supplementation offers benefits to the offspring by attenuating BPA-induced side effects on the immune system through vitamin D receptor (VDR)-dependent regulation of transcription factors and cytokines, suggesting its translational potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gengfu Wang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, PR China
| | - Yingpei Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, PR China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, PR China
| | - Jiaxiang Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, PR China
| | - Chengfan Zhou
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, PR China
| | - Changhao Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Heath & Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey, Guildford, UK.
| | - Qixing Zhu
- Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, PR China.
| | - Tong Shen
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, PR China; Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, PR China; Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, PR China.
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21
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Milovanovic J, Arsenijevic A, Stojanovic B, Kanjevac T, Arsenijevic D, Radosavljevic G, Milovanovic M, Arsenijevic N. Interleukin-17 in Chronic Inflammatory Neurological Diseases. Front Immunol 2020; 11:947. [PMID: 32582147 PMCID: PMC7283538 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A critical role for IL-17, a cytokine produced by T helper 17 (Th17) cells, has been indicated in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. A positive effect of blockade of IL-17 secreted by autoreactive T cells has been shown in various inflammatory diseases. Several cytokines, whose production is affected by environmental factors, control Th17 differentiation and its maintenance in tissues during chronic inflammation. The roles of IL-17 in the pathogenesis of chronic neuroinflammatory conditions, multiple sclerosis (MS), experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), Alzheimer's disease, and ischemic brain injury are reviewed here. The role of environmental stimuli in Th17 differentiation is also summarized, highlighting the role of viral infection in the regulation of pathogenic T helper cells in EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Milovanovic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia.,Department of Histology and Embriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Arsenijevic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Bojana Stojanovic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia.,Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Kanjevac
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Dragana Arsenijevic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia.,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Gordana Radosavljevic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Marija Milovanovic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nebojsa Arsenijevic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
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22
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Wu Y, Cai Y, Liu M, Zhu D, Guan Y. The Potential Immunoregulatory Roles of Vitamin D in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2020; 43:102156. [PMID: 32474282 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an autoantibody-mediated disease affecting the central nervous system (CNS). Its pathogenesis involves both innate and acquired immune reactions; specific antibody (Aquaporin-4 antibody) and inflammatory cells cause direct damage on lesion sites, while B cell-T cell interactions facilitate the demyelination. However, its etiology is still not fully understood. Vitamin D deficiency is present in numerous autoimmune diseases, including NMOSD. Evidence suggests that low vitamin D levels mayassociate with disease activity and relapse rate in NMOSD, indicating the participation in the pathogenesis of NMOSD. The immunoregulatory roles of vitamin D in both numerous autoimmune diseases and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) models are increasingly recognized. Recent studies have revealed vitamin D modulation in cytokine production, immune cell development and differentiation, as well as antibody production. By enhancing an anti-inflammatory environment and suppressing the overactivated autoimmune process, vitamin D shows its potential immunoregulatory roles in NMOSD, which could possibly introduce a new therapy for NMOSD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Wu
- Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, School of medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, No.127, Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yu Cai
- Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, School of medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, No.127, Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Mingyuan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Road, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Desheng Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, School of medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, No.127, Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yangtai Guan
- Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, School of medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, No.127, Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, China.
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23
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Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. We review the two core MS features, myelin instability, fragmentation, and remyelination failure, and dominance of pathogenic CD4+ Th17 cells over protective CD4+ Treg cells. To better understand myelin pathology, we describe myelin biosynthesis, structure, and function, then highlight stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) in nervonic acid biosynthesis and nervonic acid's contribution to myelin stability. Noting that vitamin D deficiency decreases SCD in the periphery, we propose it also decreases SCD in oligodendrocytes, disrupting the nervonic acid supply and causing myelin instability and fragmentation. To better understand the distorted Th17/Treg cell balance, we summarize Th17 cell contributions to MS pathogenesis, then highlight how 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 signaling from microglia to CD4+ T cells restores Treg cell dominance. This signaling rapidly increases flux through the methionine cycle, removing homocysteine, replenishing S-adenosyl-methionine, and improving epigenetic marking. Noting that DNA hypomethylation and inappropriate DRB1*1501 expression were observed in MS patient CD4+ T cells, we propose that vitamin D deficiency thwarts epigenetic downregulation of DRB1*1501 and Th17 cell signature genes, and upregulation of Treg cell signature genes, causing dysregulation within the CD4+ T cell compartment. We explain how obesity reduces vitamin D status, and how estrogen and vitamin D collaborate to promote Treg cell dominance in females. Finally, we discuss the implications of this new knowledge concerning myelin and the Th17/Treg cell balance, and advocate for efforts to address the global epidemics of obesity and vitamin D deficiency in the expectation of reducing the impact of MS.
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24
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Vitamin D's Effect on Immune Function. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051248. [PMID: 32353972 PMCID: PMC7281985 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ever since its discovery by Windhaus, the importance of the active metabolite of vitamin D (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3; 1,25-(OH)2D3) has been ever expanding. In this review, the attention is shifted towards the importance of the extra-skeletal effects of vitamin D, with special emphasis on the immune system. The first hint of the significant role of vitamin D on the immune system was made by the discovery of the presence of the vitamin D receptor on almost all cells of the immune system. In vitro, the overwhelming effect of supra-physiological doses of vitamin D on the individual components of the immune system is very clear. Despite these promising pre-clinical results, the translation of the in vitro observations to solid clinical effects has mostly failed. Nevertheless, the evidence of a link between vitamin D deficiency and adverse outcomes is overwhelming and clearly points towards avoidance of vitamin D deficiency especially in early life.
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25
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Voo VTF, O'Brien T, Butzkueven H, Monif M. The role of vitamin D and P2X7R in multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2019; 330:159-169. [PMID: 30908981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by neuroinflammatory infiltrates and central nervous system demyelination. In the neuroinflammatory foci of MS there is increased expression of a purinergic receptor, P2X7R. Although implicated in the neuroinflammation, the exact role of P2X7R in the context of MS is unclear and forms the basis of this review. In this review, we also introduce the immunopathologies and inflammatory processes in MS, with a focus on P2X7R and the possible immunomodulatory role of vitamin D deficiency in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Tsin Fong Voo
- Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Terence O'Brien
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology, Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Mastura Monif
- Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology, Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia.
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26
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Wahls TL, Chenard CA, Snetselaar LG. Review of Two Popular Eating Plans within the Multiple Sclerosis Community: Low Saturated Fat and Modified Paleolithic. Nutrients 2019; 11:E352. [PMID: 30736445 PMCID: PMC6412750 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The precise etiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) is unknown but epidemiologic evidence suggests this immune-mediated, neurodegenerative condition is the result of a complex interaction between genes and lifetime environmental exposures. Diet choices are modifiable environmental factors that may influence MS disease activity. Two diets promoted for MS, low saturated fat Swank and modified Paleolithic Wahls Elimination (WahlsElim), are currently being investigated for their effect on MS-related fatigue and quality of life (NCT02914964). Dr. Swank theorized restriction of saturated fat would reduce vascular dysfunction in the central nervous system (CNS). Dr. Wahls initially theorized that detailed guidance to increase intake of specific foodstuffs would facilitate increased intake of nutrients key to neuronal health (Wahls™ diet). Dr. Wahls further theorized restriction of lectins would reduce intestinal permeability and CNS inflammation (WahlsElim version). The purpose of this paper is to review the published research of the low saturated fat (Swank) and the modified Paleolithic (Wahls™) diets and the rationale for the structure of the Swank diet and low lectin version of the Wahls™ diet (WahlsElim) being investigated in the clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry L Wahls
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Catherine A Chenard
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Linda G Snetselaar
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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27
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Trombetta AC, Paolino S, Cutolo M. Vitamin D, Inflammation and Immunity: Review of Literature and Considerations on Recent Translational and Clinical Research Developments. Open Rheumatol J 2018. [DOI: 10.2174/1874312901812010201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The most relevant and recent literature findings linking exposure to sunlight, Vitamin D (VD), inflammation and immune system in health and disease, are reviewed.Reduced sunlight exposure determined hypo-vitaminosis D to be common among patients or even healthy subjects, especially at higher latitudes. Numerous studies support the hypothesis that VD insufficiency could contribute to the higher autoimmune diseases incidence in the same geographic areas.In the present review, the ways in which VD was reported to influence immune system, contributing to organism homeostasis or disease development are addressed. In fact, some of the hormone activities were recognised to determine stimulation or inhibition of immune system components.Several diseases, where an association with VD deficiency was studied, are summarised. Finally, the rationale for optimization of substitutive/additive therapy with VD analogues and the last innovations regarding these drugs are mentioned.
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28
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Hashemi R, Morshedi M, Asghari Jafarabadi M, Altafi D, Saeed Hosseini-Asl S, Rafie-Arefhosseini S. Anti-inflammatory effects of dietary vitamin D 3 in patients with multiple sclerosis. NEUROLOGY-GENETICS 2018; 4:e278. [PMID: 30533524 PMCID: PMC6244020 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective To assess the effects of dietary vitamin D3 on proinflammatory (interleukin-17A [IL-17A] and IL-6) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines. Methods Our study was conducted on 75 participants who were divided into 3 groups: multiple sclerosis participants (MSPs, n = 25), first-degree relative participants (FDRPs, n = 25), and healthy participants (HPs, n = 25). All groups received 50,000 IU vitamin D3/wk for 8 weeks. Serum 25-(OH) vitamin D3 levels and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels of ILs were determined using electrochemiluminescence assay and real-time PCR, respectively. Results Vitamin D3 affected the levels of IL-17A, IL-10, and IL-6 among the 3 groups (p < 0.001 for all). Levels of IL-17A (MSPs: fold change [FC] = 5.9, p = 0.014; FDRPs: FC = 5.2, p = 0.006; HPs: FC = 4.2, p = 0.012) and IL-6 (MSPs: FC = 5.6, p = 0.003; FDRPs: FC = 5.5, p = 0.002; HPs: FC = 5.1, p < 0.001) were downregulated after vitamin D3 treatment. In addition, levels of IL-10 (MSPs: FC = 6.2, p = 0.005; FDRPs: FC = 4.6, p < 0.001; HPs: FC = 5.2, p < 0.001) were upregulated after 8 weeks. Conclusions Although supplementation with vitamin D3 reduced the mRNA expression levels of IL-17A and IL-6, it increased the mRNA expression level of IL-10 in all groups. However, these effects were more considerable in the MSP group than in the other groups. Of interest, in a deficiency state of serum vitamin D3, IL-17A expression had a positive feedback effect on the expression of IL-6. Conversely, in the sufficient state, IL-10 expression had a negative feedback effect on the expression of IL-17A and IL-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Hashemi
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences (R.H., M.M), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Road Traffic Injury Research Center (M.A.-J), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Ardabil Province (D.A.); Department of Genetics (S.S.H.-A.), School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences; Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy (S.R.-A.), School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Mohammad Morshedi
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences (R.H., M.M), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Road Traffic Injury Research Center (M.A.-J), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Ardabil Province (D.A.); Department of Genetics (S.S.H.-A.), School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences; Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy (S.R.-A.), School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences (R.H., M.M), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Road Traffic Injury Research Center (M.A.-J), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Ardabil Province (D.A.); Department of Genetics (S.S.H.-A.), School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences; Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy (S.R.-A.), School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Davar Altafi
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences (R.H., M.M), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Road Traffic Injury Research Center (M.A.-J), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Ardabil Province (D.A.); Department of Genetics (S.S.H.-A.), School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences; Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy (S.R.-A.), School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Seyed Saeed Hosseini-Asl
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences (R.H., M.M), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Road Traffic Injury Research Center (M.A.-J), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Ardabil Province (D.A.); Department of Genetics (S.S.H.-A.), School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences; Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy (S.R.-A.), School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Seyed Rafie-Arefhosseini
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences (R.H., M.M), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Road Traffic Injury Research Center (M.A.-J), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Ardabil Province (D.A.); Department of Genetics (S.S.H.-A.), School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences; Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy (S.R.-A.), School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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29
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Wang K, Song F, Fernandez-Escobar A, Luo G, Wang JH, Sun Y. The Properties of Cytokines in Multiple Sclerosis: Pros and Cons. Am J Med Sci 2018; 356:552-560. [PMID: 30447707 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2018.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system and is characterized by demyelination, axonal loss, gliosis and inflammation. The last plays a major role in the onset and propagation of the disease. MS presents with heterogeneous lesions containing a broad range of cells and soluble mediators of the immune system such as T cells, B cells, macrophages, microglia, cytokines, chemokines, antibodies, complement and other toxic substances. This review outlines, analyzes and discusses the different immune mechanisms of MS that are responsible for the initiation and propagation of active lesions, demyelination, axonal injury, remyelination and cell loss as well as the role of cytokines in the disease process. Proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-17 (IL-17), IL-22, tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-1, IL-12 and interferon-γ may cause MS through several signaling pathways. Conversely, anti-inflammatory circulating cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-10 are reduced and theoretically can exert a direct protective effect in this condition. Future studies are necessary to develop effective, safe and long-lasting strategies to reduce the abnormal cytokine cascades and to treat MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Feng Song
- Qingdao University Affiliated Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | | | - Gang Luo
- Department of Interventional Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jun-Hui Wang
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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30
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Bettencourt A, Boleixa D, Reguengo H, Samões R, Santos E, Oliveira JC, Silva B, Costa PP, da Silva AM. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in multiple sclerosis patients from the north of Portugal. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 180:137-141. [PMID: 28951256 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence has shown that individuals with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) have lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels compared to healthy controls. There is no information regarding 25(OH)D levels and MS in Portugal. Therefore the aim of the current study was to examine the levels of 25(OH)D in a group of patients with MS and in healthy matched controls, as well as the association of 25(OH)D levels with disease course, disability and severity. A group of 244 unrelated Portuguese patients, with a definitive diagnosis of MS, and 198 ethnically matched healthy controls were included in the study. A sub-group of patients with recent disease onset was included. Serum 25(OH)D was measured using an electrochemiluminescence binding assay. The mean serum level of 25(OH)D in patients with MS was 39.9±22.0 nmol/L, which was significantly lower (p<0.0001) than those in healthy controls, 55.4±23.4 nmol/L. There was a negative correlation between 25(OH)D levels and EDSS (r=-0.293, p<0.0001) and MSSS scores (r=-0.293, p<0.0001). In multiple logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, gender, disease form, EDSS, disease duration and MSSS, 25(OH)D levels were independently associated with EDSS (p=0.004) and disease duration (p=0.016), and with MSSS (p=0.001). In accordance with the majority of the literature, low serum 25(OH)D levels were associated with susceptibility and disability in MS patients from Portugal. Lower serum 25(OH)D levels were also found in patients with a recent disease onset, supporting vitamin D levels as a risk factor for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Bettencourt
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Abel Salazar Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal; Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Abel Salazar Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal.
| | - Daniela Boleixa
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Abel Salazar Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Henrique Reguengo
- Clinical Chemistry Department, Centro Hospitalar do Porto-Hospital de Santo António (CHP-HSA), Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel Samões
- Department of Neurology, Centro Hospitalar do Porto-Hospital de Santo António (CHP-HSA), Porto, Portugal
| | - Ernestina Santos
- Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Abel Salazar Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurology, Centro Hospitalar do Porto-Hospital de Santo António (CHP-HSA), Porto, Portugal
| | - José Carlos Oliveira
- Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Abel Salazar Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal; Clinical Chemistry Department, Centro Hospitalar do Porto-Hospital de Santo António (CHP-HSA), Porto, Portugal
| | - Berta Silva
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Abel Salazar Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal; Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Abel Salazar Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo Pinho Costa
- Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Abel Salazar Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal; Department of Genetics, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Martins da Silva
- Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Abel Salazar Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurology, Centro Hospitalar do Porto-Hospital de Santo António (CHP-HSA), Porto, Portugal; Unidade de Imunologia Clínica (UIC), Centro Hospitalar do Porto-Hospital de Santo António (CHP-HSA), Porto, Portugal
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31
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Jafarzadeh A, Azizi SV, Arabi Z, Ahangar-Parvin R, Mohammadi-Kordkhayli M, Larussa T, Khatami F, Nemati M. Vitamin D down-regulates the expression of some Th17 cell-related cytokines, key inflammatory chemokines, and chemokine receptors in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Nutr Neurosci 2018; 22:725-737. [DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2018.1436237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdollah Jafarzadeh
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Sayyed Vahab Azizi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Zahra Arabi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Rayhaneh Ahangar-Parvin
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | | | - Tiziana Larussa
- Department of Health Science, University of Catanzaro ‘Magna Graecia’, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Fariba Khatami
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Maryam Nemati
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Para-Medicine School, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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32
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Ferreira TB, Hygino J, Wing AC, Kasahara TM, Sacramento PM, Camargo S, Rueda F, Alves-Leon SV, Alvarenga R, Vasconcelos CC, Agrawal A, Gupta S, Bento CAM. Different interleukin-17-secreting Toll-like receptor + T-cell subsets are associated with disease activity in multiple sclerosis. Immunology 2017; 154:239-252. [PMID: 29168181 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Signalling through Toll-like receptors (TLRs) may play a role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS). In the present study, the expression of TLR-2, -4 and -9 was significantly higher on CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells from MS patients compared to healthy individuals. Following in-vitro activation, the proportion of interleukin (IL)-17+ and IL-6+ CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells was higher in the patients. In addition, the proportion of IFN-γ-secreting TLR+ CD8+ T-cells was increased in MS patients. Among different IL-17+ T-cell phenotypes, the proportion of IL-17+ TLR+ CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells producing IFN-γ or IL-6 were positively associated with the number of active brain lesions and neurological disabilities. Interestingly, activation of purified CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells with ligands for TLR-2 (Pam3Csk4), TLR-4 [lipopolysaccharide (LPS)] and TLR-9 [oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN)] directly induced cytokine production in MS patients. Among the pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), Pam3Csk4 was more potent than other TLR ligands in inducing the production of all proinflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, IL-6, IFN-γ, IL-17 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) levels produced by Pam3Csk4-activated CD4+ cells were directly associated with disease activity. A similar correlation was observed with regard to IL-17 levels released by Pam3Csk4-stimulated CD8+ T-cells and clinical parameters. In conclusion, our data suggest that the expansion of different T helper type 17 (Th17) phenotypes expressing TLR-2, -4 and -9 is associated with MS disease activity, and reveals a preferential ability of TLR-2 ligand in directly inducing the production of cytokines related to brains lesions and neurological disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais B Ferreira
- Post-graduate Program in Microbiology, University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Joana Hygino
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Wing
- Post-graduate Program Neurology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Taissa M Kasahara
- Post-graduate Program in Microbiology, University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Priscila M Sacramento
- Post-graduate Program in Microbiology, University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Solange Camargo
- Lagoa Hospital, Barra da Tijuca Unity, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Rueda
- Clinical of Diagnosis by Image, Barra da Tijuca Unity, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Soniza V Alves-Leon
- Post-graduate Program Neurology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Regina Alvarenga
- Post-graduate Program Neurology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Cleonice A M Bento
- Post-graduate Program in Microbiology, University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Post-graduate Program Neurology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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33
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Palle P, Monaghan KL, Milne SM, Wan ECK. Cytokine Signaling in Multiple Sclerosis and Its Therapeutic Applications. Med Sci (Basel) 2017; 5:medsci5040023. [PMID: 29099039 PMCID: PMC5753652 DOI: 10.3390/medsci5040023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common neurological disorders in young adults. The etiology of MS is not known but it is widely accepted that it is autoimmune in nature. Disease onset is believed to be initiated by the activation of CD4+ T cells that target autoantigens of the central nervous system (CNS) and their infiltration into the CNS, followed by the expansion of local and infiltrated peripheral effector myeloid cells that create an inflammatory milieu within the CNS, which ultimately lead to tissue damage and demyelination. Clinical studies have shown that progression of MS correlates with the abnormal expression of certain cytokines. The use of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model further delineates the role of these cytokines in neuroinflammation and the therapeutic potential of manipulating their biological activity in vivo. In this review, we will first present an overview on cytokines that may contribute to the pathogenesis of MS or EAE, and provide successful examples and roadblock of translating data obtained from EAE to MS. We will then focus in depth on recent findings that demonstrate the pathological role of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in MS and EAE, and briefly discuss the potential of targeting effector myeloid cells as a treatment strategy for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpalatha Palle
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
- Center for Basic and Translational Stroke Research and the Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Blanchette Rockefeller Neurosciences Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
| | - Kelly L Monaghan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
- Center for Basic and Translational Stroke Research and the Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Blanchette Rockefeller Neurosciences Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
| | - Sarah M Milne
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
- Center for Basic and Translational Stroke Research and the Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Blanchette Rockefeller Neurosciences Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
| | - Edwin C K Wan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
- Center for Basic and Translational Stroke Research and the Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Blanchette Rockefeller Neurosciences Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
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Mrad MF, El Ayoubi NK, Esmerian MO, Kazan JM, Khoury SJ. Effect of vitamin D replacement on immunological biomarkers in patients with multiple sclerosis. Clin Immunol 2017; 181:9-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2017.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Chirumbolo S, Bjørklund G, Sboarina A, Vella A. The Role of Vitamin D in the Immune System as a Pro-survival Molecule. Clin Ther 2017; 39:894-916. [PMID: 28438353 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2017.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Vitamin D is a fascinating and attractive molecule that has gained particular attention in medicine in recent years. Its immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory potential might resemble the activity of many nature-derived molecules (eg, flavonoids), but its role in biology was selected during a long evolutionary pathway to dampen the damaging effect of cell stress response and of the immune reaction. In this sense, this molecule can be considered an ancient hormone that serves, in its primary role, as a pro-survival agent. The goal of this review was to elucidate this topic. METHODS The article reviews current literature on the field, focusing on issues regarding the role of vitamin D in immunity. FINDINGS Vitamin D participates in the survival machinery used by the cell, and in particular it plays a major role in synchronizing calcium oscillatory signaling to allow cell autophagy or apoptosis during a stress response. IMPLICATIONS Vitamin D should be better highlighted in its molecular action and vitamin D receptor genomics to conceive a more suited therapeutic supplementation protocol in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | - Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, Mo i Rana, Norway
| | - Andrea Sboarina
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Gynaecology and Paediatrics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Antonio Vella
- Department of Medicine-University of Verona, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
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Barros PO, Dias ASO, Kasahara TM, Ornelas AMM, Aguiar RS, Leon SA, Ruiz A, Marignier R, Araújo ACRA, Alvarenga R, Bento CAM. Expansion of IL-6 + Th17-like cells expressing TLRs correlates with microbial translocation and neurological disabilities in NMOSD patients. J Neuroimmunol 2017; 307:82-90. [PMID: 28495144 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Different microbial antigens, by signaling through toll-like receptors (TLR), may contribute to Th17-mediated autoimmune diseases, such as neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). The objective of this study was to determine the proportion of different Th17-like cell subsets that express TLR in NMOSD patients. For this study, the frequency of different Th17 cell subsets expressing TLR subsets in healthy individuals (n=20) and NMOSD patients (n=20) was evaluated by cytometry. The peripheral levels of soluble CD14 (sCD14) and cytokines were determined by ELISA. Our results demonstrated that the proportion of peripheral CD4+ T cells expressing TLR2, 4 and 9 was significantly higher in NMOSD samples than in healthy subjects. In NMOSD, these cells are CD28+PD-1-CD57- and produce elevated levels of IL-17. Among different TLRs+ Th17-like subsets, the proportion of those that co-express IL-17 and IL-6 was significantly higher in NMOSD patients, which was positively correlated with sCD14 levels and EDSS score. By contrast, the percentage of TLRs+Treg17 cells (IL-10+IL-17+) was negatively related to sCD14 and the severity of NMOSD. In conclusion, the expansion of peripheral IL-6-producing TLR+ Th17-like cells in NMOSD patients was associated with both bacterial translocation and disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila O Barros
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Aleida S O Dias
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Taissa M Kasahara
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alice M M Ornelas
- Departament of Genetics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renato S Aguiar
- Departament of Genetics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Soniza A Leon
- Neurology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Anne Ruiz
- Service de Neurologie A and Eugène Devic EDMUS Foundation against Multiple Sclerosis, Observatoire Français de la Sclérose en Plaques (OFSEP), Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69677 Bron, France-Université Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Romain Marignier
- Service de Neurologie A and Eugène Devic EDMUS Foundation against Multiple Sclerosis, Observatoire Français de la Sclérose en Plaques (OFSEP), Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69677 Bron, France-Université Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Regina Alvarenga
- Neurology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cleonice A M Bento
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Neurology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Pierrot-Deseilligny C, Souberbielle JC. Vitamin D and multiple sclerosis: An update. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2017; 14:35-45. [PMID: 28619429 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2017.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The most recent findings linking exposure to sun and vitamin D insufficiency to multiple sclerosis (MS) are reviewed. Due to insufficient sunshine and changing lifestyles, hypovitaminosis D is widespread in temperate countries. Numerous epidemiological studies have strongly suggested that sunshine and vitamin D insufficiency contributes to MS risk in these countries. Moreover, several large genetic studies in MS patients have recently stated unequivocally that diverse abnormalities involving vitamin D metabolism are related to the risk of the disease. The important implications of such results are discussed here. Then, the interactions of hypovitaminosis D with the other genetic and environmental protective and risk factors, such as the allele HLA DRB1*1501, Epstein-Barr virus infection, obesity, smoking and sexual hormones, are summarized. Vitamin D insufficiency and sufficiency could be a risk and a protective factor, respectively, among many other factors possibly continuously modulating the global MS risk from the mother's pregnancy to the triggering of MS in adulthood. However, many interactions between these different factors occur more particularly between conception and the end of adolescence, which corresponds to the period of maturation of the immune system and thymus and may be related to the dysimmune nature of the disease. The main mechanisms of action of vitamin D in MS appear to be immunomodulatory, involving the various categories of T and B lymphocytes in the general immune system, but neuroprotector and neurotrophic mechanisms could also be exerted at the central nervous system level. Furthermore, several controlled immunological studies performed in MS patients have recently confirmed that vitamin D supplementation has multiple beneficial immunomodulatory effects. However, there is still an enduring absence of major conclusive randomized clinical trials testing vitamin D supplementation in MS patients because of the quasi-insurmountable practical difficulties that exist nowadays in conducting and completing over several years such studies involving the use of a vitamin. Nevertheless, it should be noted that similar robust statistical models used in five different association studies have already predicted a favorable vitamin D effect reducing relapses by 50-70%. If there is now little doubt that vitamin D exerts a beneficial action on the inflammatory component of MS, the results are as yet much less clear for the progressive degenerative component. Lastly, until more information becomes available, vitamin D supplementation of MS patients, using a moderate physiological dose essentially correcting their vitamin insufficiency, is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Pierrot-Deseilligny
- Département de Neurologie, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris VI), 47 bd de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France.
| | - Jean-Claude Souberbielle
- Service d'explorations fonctionnelles, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Université René Descartes (Paris V),149 rue de Sèvres, 75915 Paris, France.
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Cachem FCOF, Dias AS, Monteiro C, Castro JR, Fernandes G, Delphim L, Almeida AJ, Tavares F, Maciel AMA, Amendola-Pires MM, Brandão-Mello CE, Bento CAM. The proportion of different interleukin-17-producing T-cell subsets is associated with liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C. Immunology 2017; 151:167-176. [PMID: 28140446 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have suggested the pivotal role of T helper type 1 (Th1) -related cytokines on the outcome of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Nevertheless, the role of different interleukin-17 (IL-17) -secreting T cells on chronic hepatitis C (CHC) is less clear. Here, the in vivo IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-17 levels were positively correlated with both alanine transaminase (ALT) levels and hepatic lesions. When compared with the control group, CHC patients showed a lower proportion of IL-17-secreting (CD4+ and CD8+ ) T cells capable of simultaneously producing IL-21. Moreover, the percentage of IL-10-secreting Th17 cells was also lower in CHC patients. Notably, advanced liver lesions were observed among those patients with lower percentage levels of IL-17-producing T cells positive for IL-21, interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and IL-10. In contrast, the severity of hepatic damage was associated with peripheral single IL-17+ T cells. The percentage of IL-17+ IL-21- IFN-γ+ (CD4+ and CD8+ ) T-cell phenotypes was positively associated with plasma CD14 levels. Finally, elevated levels of circulating CD14 were detected among CHC patients with extensive liver damage. In summary, although preliminary, our results suggest that a balance between different IL-17-producing T cells, associated with peripheral levels of CD14, may be a progress marker for liver disease in chronically HCV-infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio C O F Cachem
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Aleida S Dias
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Clarice Monteiro
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José Roberto Castro
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Fernandes
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Letícia Delphim
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adilson J Almeida
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Internal Medicine Department, HUGG, UNIRIO, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Felipe Tavares
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alessandra M A Maciel
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Internal Medicine Department, HUGG, UNIRIO, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcia M Amendola-Pires
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Internal Medicine Department, HUGG, UNIRIO, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos E Brandão-Mello
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Internal Medicine Department, HUGG, UNIRIO, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cleonice A M Bento
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Alvarenga-Filho H, Salles M, Hygino J, Ferreira TB, Sacramento PM, Monteiro C, Vasconcelos CCF, Alvarenga RMP, Bento CA. Fatigue favors in vitro Th1 and Th17-like cell expansion and reduces corticoid sensitivity in MS patients. J Neuroimmunol 2017; 303:81-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2016.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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