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Kalinderi K, Papaliagkas V, Fidani L. Current genetic data on depression and anxiety in Parkinson's disease patients. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2024; 118:105922. [PMID: 37935601 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2023.105922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder affecting about 1 % of the population over the age of 60 years. PD is characterized by a wide spectrum of symptomatology including not only motor symptoms but non-motor symptoms, as well. Depression is one of the most common non-motor manifestations, and the most frequent neuropsychiatric comorbidity in PD. Neuropsychiatric symptoms like depression and anxiety may precede the appearance of motor features, highlighting their importance in the early detection of the disease and its strategic management. This review discusses the possible genetic background of the development of these neuropsychiatric symptoms in PD patients analyzing current genetic data associated with this clinical entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kallirhoe Kalinderi
- Laboratory of Medical Biology-Genetics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Vasileios Papaliagkas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Liana Fidani
- Laboratory of Medical Biology-Genetics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
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2
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Pal G, Cook L, Schulze J, Verbrugge J, Alcalay RN, Merello M, Sue CM, Bardien S, Bonifati V, Chung SJ, Foroud T, Gatto E, Hall A, Hattori N, Lynch T, Marder K, Mascalzoni D, Novaković I, Thaler A, Raymond D, Salari M, Shalash A, Suchowersky O, Mencacci NE, Simuni T, Saunders‐Pullman R, Klein C. Genetic Testing in Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord 2023; 38:1384-1396. [PMID: 37365908 PMCID: PMC10946878 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic testing for persons with Parkinson's disease is becoming increasingly common. Significant gains have been made regarding genetic testing methods, and testing is becoming more readily available in clinical, research, and direct-to-consumer settings. Although the potential utility of clinical testing is expanding, there are currently no proven gene-targeted therapies, but clinical trials are underway. Furthermore, genetic testing practices vary widely, as do knowledge and attitudes of relevant stakeholders. The specter of testing mandates financial, ethical, and physician engagement, and there is a need for guidelines to help navigate the myriad of challenges. However, to develop guidelines, gaps and controversies need to be clearly identified and analyzed. To this end, we first reviewed recent literature and subsequently identified gaps and controversies, some of which were partially addressed in the literature, but many of which are not well delineated or researched. Key gaps and controversies include: (1) Is genetic testing appropriate in symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals without medical actionability? (2) How, if at all, should testing vary based on ethnicity? (3) What are the long-term outcomes of consumer- and research-based genetic testing in presymptomatic PD? (4) What resources are needed for clinical genetic testing, and how is this impacted by models of care and cost-benefit considerations? Addressing these issues will help facilitate the development of consensus and guidelines regarding the approach and access to genetic testing and counseling. This is also needed to guide a multidisciplinary approach that accounts for cultural, geographic, and socioeconomic factors in developing testing guidelines. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Pal
- Department of NeurologyRutgers‐Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolNew BrunswickNew JerseyUSA
| | - Lola Cook
- Department of Medical and Molecular GeneticsIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Jeanine Schulze
- Department of Medical and Molecular GeneticsIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Jennifer Verbrugge
- Department of Medical and Molecular GeneticsIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Roy N. Alcalay
- Department of NeurologyColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Movement Disorders Division, Neurological InstituteTel Aviv Sourasky Medical CenterTel AvivIsrael
| | - Marcelo Merello
- Neuroscience Department FleniCONICET, Catholic University of Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Carolyn M. Sue
- Department of NeurologyRoyal North Shore HospitalSt LeonardsNew South WalesAustralia
- Department of Neurogenetics, Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneySt LeonardsNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Soraya Bardien
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesStellenbosch UniversityCape TownSouth Africa
- South African Medical Research Council/Stellenbosch University Genomics of Brain Disorders Research UnitStellenbosch UniversityCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Vincenzo Bonifati
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Sun Ju Chung
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Tatiana Foroud
- Department of Medical and Molecular GeneticsIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Emilia Gatto
- Instituto de Neurociencias Buenos AiresAffiliated Buenos Aires UniversityBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Anne Hall
- Parkinson's FoundationNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Research Institute of Disease of Old Age, Graduate School of MedicineJuntendo UniversityTokyoJapan
- Department of NeurologyJuntendo University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
- Neurodegenerative Disorders Collaborative LaboratoryRIKEN Center for Brain ScienceSaitamaJapan
| | - Tim Lynch
- Dublin Neurological Institute at the Mater Misericordiae University HospitalDublinIreland
| | - Karen Marder
- Department of NeurologyColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Deborah Mascalzoni
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac ResearchAffiliated Institute of the University of LübeckBolzanoItaly
- Center for Research Ethics and Bioethics, Department of Public Health and Caring SciencesUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Ivana Novaković
- Institute of Human Genetics, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of BelgradeBelgradeSerbia
| | - Avner Thaler
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurological InstituteTel‐Aviv Medical CenterTel AvivIsrael
- Sackler School of MedicineTel‐Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
- Sagol School of NeuroscienceTel‐Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
- Laboratory of Early Markers of Neurodegeneration, Neurological InstituteTel‐Aviv Medical CenterTel AvivIsrael
| | - Deborah Raymond
- Department of NeurologyMount Sinai Beth Israel and Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Mehri Salari
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada‐e Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of ExcellenceShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Ali Shalash
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of MedicineAin Shams UniversityCairoEgypt
| | - Oksana Suchowersky
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), Medical Genetics and PediatricsUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada
| | - Niccolò E. Mencacci
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology and Simpson Querrey Center for NeurogeneticsNorthwestern University, Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders CenterNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Tanya Simuni
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders CenterNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Rachel Saunders‐Pullman
- Department of NeurologyMount Sinai Beth Israel and Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Christine Klein
- Institute of NeurogeneticsUniversity of Lübeck and University Hospital Schleswig‐HolsteinLübeckGermany
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3
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Ito G, Utsunomiya-Tate N. Overview of the Impact of Pathogenic LRRK2 Mutations in Parkinson's Disease. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13050845. [PMID: 37238714 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is a large protein kinase that physiologically phosphorylates and regulates the function of several Rab proteins. LRRK2 is genetically implicated in the pathogenesis of both familial and sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD), although the underlying mechanism is not well understood. Several pathogenic mutations in the LRRK2 gene have been identified, and in most cases the clinical symptoms that PD patients with LRRK2 mutations develop are indistinguishable from those of typical PD. However, it has been shown that the pathological manifestations in the brains of PD patients with LRRK2 mutations are remarkably variable when compared to sporadic PD, ranging from typical PD pathology with Lewy bodies to nigral degeneration with deposition of other amyloidogenic proteins. The pathogenic mutations in LRRK2 are also known to affect the functions and structure of LRRK2, the differences in which may be partly attributable to the variations observed in patient pathology. In this review, in order to help researchers unfamiliar with the field to understand the mechanism of pathogenesis of LRRK2-associated PD, we summarize the clinical and pathological manifestations caused by pathogenic mutations in LRRK2, their impact on the molecular function and structure of LRRK2, and their historical background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genta Ito
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Pharma-Sciences, Teikyo University, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Naoko Utsunomiya-Tate
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Pharma-Sciences, Teikyo University, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
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Kolicheski A, Turcano P, Tamvaka N, McLean PJ, Springer W, Savica R, Ross OA. Early-Onset Parkinson's Disease: Creating the Right Environment for a Genetic Disorder. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2022; 12:2353-2367. [PMID: 36502340 PMCID: PMC9837689 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-223380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) by its common understanding is a late-onset sporadic movement disorder. However, there is a need to recognize not only the fact that PD pathogenesis expands beyond (or perhaps to) the brain but also that many early-onset patients develop motor signs before the age of 50 years. Indeed, studies have shown that it is likely the protein aggregation observed in the brains of patients with PD precedes the motor symptoms by perhaps a decade. Studies on early-onset forms of PD have shown it to be a heterogeneous disease with multiple genetic and environmental factors determining risk of different forms of disease. Genetic and neuropathological evidence suggests that there are α-synuclein centric forms (e.g., SNCA genomic triplication), and forms that are driven by a breakdown in mitochondrial function and specifically in the process of mitophagy and clearance of damaged mitochondria (e.g., PARKIN and PINK1 recessive loss-of-function mutations). Aligning genetic forms with recognized environmental influences will help better define patients, aid prognosis, and hopefully lead to more accurately targeted clinical trial design. Work is now needed to understand the cross-talk between these two pathomechanisms and determine a sense of independence, it is noted that autopsies studies for both have shown the presence or absence of α-synuclein aggregation. The integration of genetic and environmental data is critical to understand the etiology of early-onset forms of PD and determine how the different pathomechanisms crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Kolicheski
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Pierpaolo Turcano
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA,
Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Nicole Tamvaka
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA,
Mayo Graduate School, Neuroscience Track, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Pamela J. McLean
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA,
Mayo Graduate School, Neuroscience Track, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Wolfdieter Springer
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA,
Mayo Graduate School, Neuroscience Track, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Rodolfo Savica
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Owen A. Ross
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA,
Mayo Graduate School, Neuroscience Track, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA,
Department of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland,
Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA,Department of Biology, University of NorthFlorida, Jacksonville, FL, USA,Correspondence to: Owen A. Ross, PhD, Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA. Tel.: +1 904 953 6280; Fax: +1 904 953 7370; E-mail:
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5
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Simpson C, Vinikoor-Imler L, Nassan FL, Shirvan J, Lally C, Dam T, Maserejian N. Prevalence of ten LRRK2 variants in Parkinson's disease: A comprehensive review. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2022; 98:103-113. [PMID: 35654702 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2022.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Variants in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 gene (LRRK2) are risk factors for Parkinson's disease (PD), but their prevalence varies geographically, reflecting the locations of founder events and dispersion of founders' descendants. METHODS A comprehensive literature review was conducted to identify studies providing prevalence estimates for any of ten variants in LRRK2 (G2019S, R1441C, R1441G, R1441H, I2020T, N1437H, Y1699C, S1761R, G2385R, R1628P) among individuals with PD globally. We calculated crude country-specific variant prevalence estimates and, when possible, adjusted estimates for ethno-racial composition. For clinic-based studies, probands were used over other familial cases, whereas for population-based studies, all PD cases were used. RESULTS The analysis included 161 articles from 52 countries yielding 581 prevalence estimates across the ten variants. G2019S was the most common variant, exceeding 1.0% in 26 of 51 countries with estimates. The other variants were far less common. G2385R and R1628P were observed almost exclusively in East Asian countries, where they were found in ∼5-10% of cases. All prevalence estimates adjusted for ethno-racial composition were lower than their unadjusted counterparts, although data permitting this adjustment was only available for six countries. CONCLUSIONS Except for G2019S, the LRRK2 variants covered in this review were uncommon in most countries studied. However, there were countries with higher prevalence for some variants, reflecting the uneven geographic distribution of LRRK2 variants. The fact that ethno-racial group‒adjusted estimates were lower than crude estimates suggests that estimates derived largely from clinic-based studies may overstate the true prevalence of some LRRK2 variants in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Cathy Lally
- Epidemiology Research and Methods LLC, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Kaiyrzhanov R, Aitkulova A, Vandrovcova J, Murphy D, Zharkinbekova N, Shashkin C, Akhmetzhanov V, Kaishibayeva G, Karimova A, Myrzayev Z, Murray M, Khaibullin T, Hardy J, Houlden H. A glimpse of the genetics of young-onset Parkinson's disease in Central Asia. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2021; 9:e1671. [PMID: 33818904 PMCID: PMC8222829 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Knowledge of the genetic background of many human diseases is currently lacking from genetically undiscovered regions, including Central Asia. Kazakhstan is the first Central Asian country where the genetic studies of Parkinson's disease (PD) have been emerging since it had become a member of the International Parkinson Disease Genomics Consortium. Here we report on the results of whole‐exome sequencing (WES) in 50 young‐onset PD (YOPD) cases from Kazakhstan. Methodology WES was performed on 50 unrelated individuals with YOPD from Kazakhstan. Exome data were screened for novel/ultra‐rare deleterious variants in known and candidate PD genes. Copy number variants and small indels were also called. Results Only three cases (6%) were found to be positive for known PD genes including two unrelated familial PD cases with LRRK2 p.(Arg1441Cys) and one case with a homozygous pathogenic PRKN p.(Arg84Trp) variant. Four cases had novel and ultra‐rare variants of uncertain significance in LRRK2, DNAJC13, and VPS35. Novel deleterious variants were found in candidate Mendelian PD genes including CSMD1, TNR, EIF4G1, and ATP13A3. Eight cases harbored the East Asian‐specific LRRK2 p.(Ala419Val) variant. Conclusions The low diagnostic yield in our study might imply that a significant proportion of YOPD cases in Central Asia remains unresolved. Therefore, a better understanding of the genetic architecture of PD among populations of Central Asian ancestry and the pathogenicity of numerous rare variants should be further investigated. WES is a valuable technique for large‐scale YOPD genetic studies in Central Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rauan Kaiyrzhanov
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Akbota Aitkulova
- Department of Molecular Genetics, National Center for Biotechnology, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Jana Vandrovcova
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - David Murphy
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | | | - Chingiz Shashkin
- Contemporary Neurology and Neurorehabilitation Clinic "Shashkin Clinic", Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Vadim Akhmetzhanov
- Department of Neurology, South Kazakhstan Medical Academy, Shymkent, Kazakhstan
| | - Gulnaz Kaishibayeva
- Institute of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation Named After Smagul Kaishibayev, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Altynay Karimova
- Kazakh Medical University of Continuing Study, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Zhanybek Myrzayev
- Contemporary Neurology and Neurorehabilitation Clinic "Shashkin Clinic", Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Malgorzata Murray
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Talgat Khaibullin
- Department of Neurology, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan
| | - John Hardy
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
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Chen Y, Gu X, Ou R, Zhang L, Hou Y, Liu K, Cao B, Wei Q, Li C, Song W, Zhao B, Wu Y, Cheng J, Shang H. Evaluating the Role of
SNCA
,
LRRK2
, and
GBA
in Chinese Patients With
Early‐Onset
Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord 2020; 35:2046-2055. [PMID: 32677286 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yongping Chen
- Department of Neurology, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaojing Gu
- Department of Neurology, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruwei Ou
- Department of Neurology, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingyu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanbing Hou
- Department of Neurology, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kuncheng Liu
- Department of Neurology, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bei Cao
- Department of Neurology, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qianqian Wei
- Department of Neurology, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunyu Li
- Department of Neurology, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Neurology, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bi Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Neurology, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingqiu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huifang Shang
- Department of Neurology, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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8
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Lim SY, Lim JL, Ahmad-Annuar A, Lohmann K, Tan AH, Lim KB, Tay YW, Shing YL, Muthusamy KA, Bauer P, Rolfs A, Klein C. Clinical Phenotype of LRRK2 R1441C in 2 Chinese Sisters. NEURODEGENER DIS 2020; 20:39-45. [PMID: 32580205 DOI: 10.1159/000508131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic and risk variants in the LRRK2 gene are among the main genetic contributors to Parkinson's disease (PD) worldwide, and LRRK2-targeted therapies for patients with PARK-LRRK2are now entering clinical trials. However, in contrast to the LRRK2 G2019S mutation commonly found in Caucasians, North-African Arabs, and Ashkenazi Jews, relatively little is known about other causative LRRK2 mutations, and data on genotype-phenotype correlations are largely lacking. This report is from an ongoing multicentre study in which next-generation sequencing-based PD gene panel testing has so far been conducted on 499 PD patients of various ethnicities from Malaysia. We describe 2 sisters of Chinese ancestry with PD who carry the R1441C mutation in LRRK2 (which in Asians has been reported in only 2 Chinese patients previously), and highlight interesting clinical observations made over a decade of close follow-up. We further explored the feasibility of using a brief, expert-administered rating scale (the Clinical Impression of Severity Index; CISI-PD) to capture data on global disease severity in a large (n = 820) unselected cohort of PD patients, including severely disabled individuals typically excluded from research studies. All patients in this study were managed and evaluated by the same PD neurologist, and these data were used to make broad comparisons between the monogenic PD cases versus the overall "real world" PD cohort. This report contributes to the scarce literature on R1441C PARK-LRRK2, offering insights into natural history and epidemiological aspects, and provides support for the application of a simple and reliable clinical tool that can improve the inclusion of under-represented patient groups in PD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen-Yang Lim
- Division of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, .,The Mah Pooi Soo and Tan Chin Nam Centre for Parkinson's and Related Disorders, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia,
| | - Jia Lun Lim
- The Mah Pooi Soo and Tan Chin Nam Centre for Parkinson's and Related Disorders, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azlina Ahmad-Annuar
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Katja Lohmann
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lubeck, Lubeck, Germany
| | - Ai Huey Tan
- Division of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,The Mah Pooi Soo and Tan Chin Nam Centre for Parkinson's and Related Disorders, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kai Bin Lim
- Division of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,The Mah Pooi Soo and Tan Chin Nam Centre for Parkinson's and Related Disorders, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yi Wen Tay
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yee Lee Shing
- Department of Psychology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Kalai Arasu Muthusamy
- Division of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Christine Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lubeck, Lubeck, Germany
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9
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Non-motor Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease Patients with Parkin Mutations: More Depression and Less Executive Dysfunction. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 70:246-253. [PMID: 31927768 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-019-01444-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify differences between genetically undefined (GU) early-onset Parkinson's disease (EOPD) patients and carriers of Parkin mutations on non-motor symptoms (NMSs). EOPD patients (N = 261) underwent targeted sequencing of Parkinson's disease (PD) related genes. Among them, 53 cases carried homozygous or compound heterozygous Parkin mutations (Parkin group) while 208 did not carry known causative PD mutations or risk factors of GBA or Parkin heterozygous mutations (GU group). NMSs were evaluated by face-to-face interviews, self-completed questionnaires and results on a neuropsychological battery. Linear regression and logistic regression models were applied to assess the predictors of NMSs. Parkin patients had younger ages of onset (AOO) (p < 0.001), longer disease durations (p < 0.001) and lower grades of Hoehn and Yarh (H&Y) (p = 0.007). Results on the neuropsychological battery showed a shorter time in Trail Making Test (TMT) (part B) in Parkin patients (p = 0.034) compared to GU patients. After adjusting for AOO, disease duration, H&Y, and levodopa equivalent daily dose (LEDD), there was a higher depression index on the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) (p = 0.013) and better performance (p = 0.038) on executive function in the Parkin group compared to the GU group. No significant differences were found for autonomic functions, sleep-wake problems or other domains of cognitive function. Our study showed that the Parkin mutation status might be a good predictor of symptoms of depression without an impact on executive function. While these findings need to be confirmed in larger cohorts, they identify a need to screen for depression. Graphical Abstract Flow chart of genetic tests.
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10
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Yang N, Zhao Y, Liu Z, Zhang R, He Y, Zhou Y, Xu Q, Sun Q, Yan X, Guo J, Tang B. Systematically analyzing rare variants of autosomal-dominant genes for sporadic Parkinson's disease in a Chinese cohort. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 76:215.e1-215.e7. [PMID: 30598256 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Studies have shown that rare variants of Mendelian genes for Parkinson's disease (PD) contribute to sporadic PD in the Caucasian population, which lacked confirmation in the Chinese population. Because the autosomal-dominant PD (AD-PD) had a phenotype closely resembling sporadic PD, we performed a systematic analysis of 7 AD-PD genes (SNCA, LRRK2, GIGYF2, VPS35, EIF4G1, DNAJC13, and CHCHD2) in 1456 Chinese sporadic PD patients and 1568 controls. Overall, 72 rare variants were identified, 7 of which were classified as likely pathogenic, 63 of which were categorized as of uncertain significance, and 2 of them were predicted to be likely benign. These AD-PD genes represented a clear enrichment of rare variants in PD patients from a burden analysis (p = 0.003), and significant differences could still be observed when likely pathogenic variants were removed (p = 0.027). The gene-based association testing also reached significance for LRRK2 (p = 0.004) and remained statistically significant after the Bonferroni correction. This report suggested that rare variants of AD-PD genes had a role in the Chinese sporadic PD cohort, especially for those rare variants of LRRK2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Yuwen Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Zhenhua Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Yan He
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Yangjie Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Qian Xu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Qiying Sun
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Xinxiang Yan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Jifeng Guo
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China; Key of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China; Parkinson's Disease Center of Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Beisha Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China; Key of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China; Parkinson's Disease Center of Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, P.R. China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai, P.R. China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Shanghai, P.R. China.
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