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Hatano T, Sengoku R, Nagayama H, Yanagisawa N, Yoritaka A, Suzuki K, Nishikawa N, Mukai Y, Nomura K, Yoshida N, Seki M, Matsukawa MK, Terashi H, Kimura K, Tashiro J, Hirano S, Murakami H, Joki H, Uchiyama T, Shimura H, Ogaki K, Fukae J, Tsuboi Y, Takahashi K, Yamamoto T, Kaida K, Ihara R, Kanemaru K, Kano O. Impact of Istradefylline on Levodopa Dose Escalation in Parkinson's Disease: ISTRA ADJUST PD Study, a Multicenter, Open-Label, Randomized, Parallel-Group Controlled Study. Neurol Ther 2024; 13:323-338. [PMID: 38227133 PMCID: PMC10951171 DOI: 10.1007/s40120-023-00574-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A higher levodopa dose is a risk factor for motor complications in Parkinson's disease (PD). Istradefylline (IST) is used as adjunctive treatment to levodopa in PD patients with off episodes, but its impact on levodopa dose titration remains unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of IST on levodopa dose escalation in PD patients with wearing-off. METHODS This was a multicenter, open-label, randomized, parallel-group controlled study (ISTRA ADJUST PD) in which PD patients experiencing wearing-off (n = 114) who were receiving levodopa 300-400 mg/day were randomized to receive IST or no IST (control). Levodopa dose was escalated according to clinical severity. The primary endpoint was cumulative additional levodopa dose, and secondary endpoints were changes in symptom rating scales, motor activity determined by a wearable device, and safety outcomes. RESULTS The cumulative additional levodopa dose throughout 37 weeks and dose increase over 36 weeks were significantly lower in the IST group than in the control group (both p < 0.0001). The Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part I and device-evaluated motor activities improved significantly from baseline to 36 weeks in the IST group only (all p < 0.05). Other secondary endpoints were comparable between the groups. Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) occurred in 28.8% and 13.2% of patients in the IST and control groups, respectively, with no serious ADRs in either group. CONCLUSION IST treatment reduced levodopa dose escalation in PD patients, resulting in less cumulative levodopa use. Adjunctive IST may improve motor function more objectively than increased levodopa dose in patients with PD. TRIAL REGISTRATION Japan Registry of Clinical Trials: jRCTs031180248.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Hatano
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Renpei Sengoku
- Department of Neurology, Daisan Hospital, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Naotake Yanagisawa
- Medical Technology Innovation Center, Juntendo University and Juntendo Clinical Research and Trial Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asako Yoritaka
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Keisuke Suzuki
- Department of Neurology, Dokkyo Medical University Hospital, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Noriko Nishikawa
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yohei Mukai
- Department of Neurology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyoichi Nomura
- Department of Neurology, Higashimatsuyama Municipal Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Norihito Yoshida
- Department of Neurology, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Morinobu Seki
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miho Kawabe Matsukawa
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroo Terashi
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuo Kimura
- Department of Neurology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Jun Tashiro
- Sapporo Parkinson MS Neurological Clinic, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shigeki Hirano
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hidetomo Murakami
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideto Joki
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Yokohama Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Uchiyama
- Department of Neurology, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Hideki Shimura
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo Tokyo Koto Geriatric Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Koshigaya Hospital, Koshigaya, Japan
| | - Kotaro Ogaki
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Jiro Fukae
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Nerima Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshio Tsuboi
- Department of Neurology, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazushi Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Kenichi Kaida
- Department of Neurology, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ryoko Ihara
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazutomi Kanemaru
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Kano
- Department of Neurology, Toho University, Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Rotolo RA, Ecevitoglu A, Presby RE, Lindgren H, Mombereau C, Nicholas C, Moore A, Edelstein GA, Correa M, Salamone JD. Effort-related effects of chronic administration of the DA D 2 receptor antagonist haloperidol via subcutaneous programmable minipumps: Reversal by co-administration of the adenosine A2A antagonist istradefylline. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2023; 240:2173-2185. [PMID: 37615683 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-023-06439-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Long-acting antipsychotics such as haloperidol decanoate are becoming more commonly used. Long-acting depot formulations have several advantages, but secondary negative effects of prolonged delivery, including motivational dysfunctions, could have debilitating effects. Assessing the behavioral changes that emerge during chronic antipsychotic administration in rats could provide insight regarding the development of motivational dysfunctions and drug tolerance. OBJECTIVES Acute administration of dopamine D2 antagonists such as haloperidol induce motivational deficits in rats, as marked by a shift towards a low-effort bias during effort-based choice tasks. In the present studies, programmable subcutaneous infusion pumps provided continuous and controlled drug delivery of haloperidol. Animals were assessed using a fixed ratio (FR) 5 lever pressing schedule and the FR5/chow feeding test of effort-based choice. The adenosine A2A antagonist istradefylline was studied for its ability to reverse the effects of chronic haloperidol. RESULTS Continuous chronic infusions of haloperidol produced significant reductions in FR5 performance and a shift from lever pressing to chow intake in rats tested on FR5/chow feeding choice, with no evidence of tolerance over the 4-week infusion period. Behavior returned to baseline during the vehicle-infusion washout period. Istradefylline significantly reversed the effects of haloperidol, increasing lever pressing and decreasing chow intake in haloperidol-treated rats. CONCLUSIONS These studies provide an important behavioral characterization of the effects of chronically infused haloperidol, and demonstrate that A2A antagonism reverses the effects of chronic haloperidol. This research could contribute to the understanding and treatment of motivational dysfunctions seen in schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, and other disorders involving dopamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee A Rotolo
- Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269-1020, USA
- Present Address: Sage Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alev Ecevitoglu
- Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269-1020, USA
| | - Rose E Presby
- Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269-1020, USA
- Present Address: Scintillon Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Hanna Lindgren
- Symptom Biology, H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, 2500, Valby, Denmark
| | | | - Cyrene Nicholas
- Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269-1020, USA
| | - Alana Moore
- Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269-1020, USA
| | - Gayle A Edelstein
- Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269-1020, USA
| | - Merce Correa
- Area de Psicobiologia, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló, Spain
| | - John D Salamone
- Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269-1020, USA.
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Jenner P, Kanda T, Mori A. How and why the adenosine A 2A receptor became a target for Parkinson's disease therapy. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 170:73-104. [PMID: 37741697 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Dopaminergic therapy for Parkinson's disease has revolutionised the treatment of the motor symptoms of the illness. However, it does not alleviate all components of the motor deficits and has only limited effects on non-motor symptoms. For this reason, alternative non-dopaminergic approaches to treatment have been sought and the adenosine A2A receptor provided a novel target for symptomatic therapy both within the basal ganglia and elsewhere in the brain. Despite an impressive preclinical profile that would indicate a clear role for adenosine A2A antagonists in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, the road to clinical use has been long and full of difficulties. Some aspects of the drugs preclinical profile have not translated into clinical effectiveness and not all the clinical studies undertaken have had a positive outcome. The reasons for this will be explored and suggestions made for the further development of this drug class in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. However, one adenosine A2A antagonist, namely istradefylline has been introduced successfully for the treatment of late-stage Parkinson's disease in two major areas of the world and has become a commercial success through offering the first non-dopaminergic approach to the treatment of unmet need to be introduced in several decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Jenner
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Tomoyuki Kanda
- Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Otemachi. Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Ohno Y, Okita E, Kawai-Uchida M, Fukuda N, Shoukei Y, Soshiroda K, Yamada K, Kanda T, Uchida S. Anti-parkinsonian activity of the adenosine A 2A receptor antagonist/inverse agonist KW-6356 as monotherapy in MPTP-treated common marmosets. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 950:175773. [PMID: 37146707 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
KW-6356 is a novel adenosine A2A receptor antagonist/inverse agonist that not only blocks binding of adenosine to adenosine A2A receptor but also inhibits the constitutive activity of adenosine A2A receptor. The efficacy of KW-6356 as both monotherapy and an adjunct therapy to L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA)/decarboxylase inhibitor in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients has been reported. However, the first-generation A2A antagonist istradefylline, which is approved for use as an adjunct treatment to L-DOPA/decarboxylase inhibitor in adult PD patients experiencing OFF episodes, has not shown statistically significant efficacy as monotherapy. In vitro pharmacological studies have shown that the pharmacological properties of KW-6356 and istradefylline at adenosine A2A receptor are markedly different. However, the anti-parkinsonian activity and effects on dyskinesia of KW-6356 in PD animal models and the differences in the efficacy between KW-6356 and istradefylline are unknown. The present study investigated the anti-parkinsonian activity of KW-6356 as monotherapy in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-treated common marmosets, and its efficacy was directly compared with that of istradefylline. In addition, we investigated whether or not repeated administration of KW-6356 induced dyskinesia. Oral administration of KW-6356 reversed motor disability in a dose-dependent manner up to 1 mg/kg in MPTP-treated common marmosets. The magnitude of anti-parkinsonian activity induced by KW-6356 was significantly greater than that of istradefylline. Repeated administration of KW-6356 induced little dyskinesia in MPTP-treated common marmosets primed to exhibit dyskinesia by prior exposure to L-DOPA. These results indicate that KW-6356 can be a novel non-dopaminergic therapy as monotherapy without inducing dyskinesia in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaro Ohno
- Biomedical Science Research Laboratories 1, Research Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., 1188 Shimotogari, Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka, 411-8731, Japan
| | - Eri Okita
- Research Core Function Laboratories, Research Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., 1188 Shimotogari, Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka, 411-8731, Japan
| | - Mika Kawai-Uchida
- Research Core Function Laboratories, Research Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., 1188 Shimotogari, Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka, 411-8731, Japan
| | - Naoko Fukuda
- Research Core Function Laboratories, Research Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., 1188 Shimotogari, Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka, 411-8731, Japan
| | - Youji Shoukei
- Research Core Function Laboratories, Research Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., 1188 Shimotogari, Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka, 411-8731, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Soshiroda
- Research Core Function Laboratories, Research Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., 3-6-6 Asahi-machi, Machida-shi, Tokyo, 194-8533, Japan
| | - Koji Yamada
- Research Core Function Laboratories, Research Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., 1188 Shimotogari, Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka, 411-8731, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kanda
- R&D Planning Department, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., 1-9-2 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan
| | - Shinichi Uchida
- Biomedical Science Research Laboratories 1, Research Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., 1188 Shimotogari, Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka, 411-8731, Japan.
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Zhao Y, Liu X, Yang G. Adenosinergic Pathway in Parkinson's Disease: Recent Advances and Therapeutic Perspective. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:3054-3070. [PMID: 36786912 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03257-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized pathologically by α-synuclein (α-syn) aggregation. In PD, the current mainstay of symptomatic treatment is levodopa (L-DOPA)-based dopamine (DA) replacement therapy. However, the development of dyskinesia and/or motor fluctuations which is relevant to levodopa is restricting its long-term utility. Given that the ability of which is to modulate the striato-thalamo-cortical loops and function to modulate basal ganglia output, the adenosinergic pathway (AP) is qualified as a potential promising non-DA target. As an indispensable component of energy production pathways, AP modulates cellular metabolism and gene regulation in both neurons and neuroglia cells through the recognition and degradation of extracellular adenosine. In addition, AP is geared to the initiation, evolution, and resolution of inflammation as well. Besides the above-mentioned crosstalk between the adenosine and dopamine signaling pathways, the functions of adenosine receptors (A1R, A2AR, A2BR, and A3R) and metabolism enzymes in modulating PD pathological process have been extensively investigated in recent decades. Here we reviewed the emerging findings focused on the function of adenosine receptors, adenosine formation, and metabolism in the brain and discussed its potential roles in PD pathological process. We also recapitulated clinical studies and the preclinical evidence for the medical strategies targeting the Ado signaling pathway to improve motor dysfunction and alleviate pathogenic process in PD. We hope that further clinical studies should consider this pathway in their monotherapy and combination therapy, which would open new vistas to more targeted therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhao
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Hepingxi Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Guofeng Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Hepingxi Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
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Jing XZ, Yuan XZ, Luo X, Zhang SY, Wang XP. An Update on Nondopaminergic Treatments for Motor and Non-motor Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:1806-1826. [PMID: 35193486 PMCID: PMC10514518 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220222150811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nondopaminergic neurotransmitters such as adenosine, norepinephrine, serotonin, glutamate, and acetylcholine are all involved in Parkinson's disease (PD) and promote its symptoms. Therefore, nondopaminergic receptors are key targets for developing novel preparations for the management of motor and non-motor symptoms in PD, without the potential adverse events of dopamine replacement therapy. We reviewed English-written articles and ongoing clinical trials of nondopaminergic treatments for PD patients till 2014 to summarize the recent findings on nondopaminergic preparations for the treatment of PD patients. The most promising research area of nondopaminergic targets is to reduce motor complications caused by traditional dopamine replacement therapy, including motor fluctuations and levodopa-induced dyskinesia. Istradefylline, Safinamide, and Zonisamide were licensed for the management of motor fluctuations in PD patients, while novel serotonergic and glutamatergic agents to improve motor fluctuations are still under research. Sustained- release agents of Amantadine were approved for treating levodopa induced dyskinesia (LID), and serotonin 5HT1B receptor agonist also showed clinical benefits to LID. Nondopaminergic targets were also being explored for the treatment of non-motor symptoms of PD. Pimavanserin was approved globally for the management of hallucinations and delusions related to PD psychosis. Istradefylline revealed beneficial effect on daytime sleepiness, apathy, depression, and lower urinary tract symptoms in PD subjects. Droxidopa may benefit orthostatic hypotension in PD patients. Safinamide and Zonisamide also showed clinical efficacy on certain non-motor symptoms of PD patients. Nondopaminergic drugs are not expected to replace dopaminergic strategies, but further development of these drugs may lead to new approaches with positive clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Zhong Jing
- Department of Neurology, TongRen Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang-Zhen Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Xingguang Luo
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Shu-Yun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Wang
- Department of Neurology, TongRen Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Latif K, Ullah A, Shkodina AD, Boiko DI, Rafique Z, Alghamdi BS, Alfaleh MA, Ashraf GM. Drug reprofiling history and potential therapies against Parkinson’s disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1028356. [PMID: 36386233 PMCID: PMC9643740 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1028356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the high whittling down rates, high costs, and moderate pace of new medication, revelation, and improvement, repurposing “old” drugs to treat typical and uncommon illnesses is progressively becoming an appealing proposition. Drug repurposing is the way toward utilizing existing medications in treating diseases other than the purposes they were initially designed for. Faced with scientific and economic challenges, the prospect of discovering new medication indications is enticing to the pharmaceutical sector. Medication repurposing can be used at various stages of drug development, although it has shown to be most promising when the drug has previously been tested for safety. We describe strategies of drug repurposing for Parkinson’s disease, which is a neurodegenerative condition that primarily affects dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. We also discuss the obstacles faced by the repurposing community and suggest new approaches to solve these challenges so that medicine repurposing can reach its full potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Latif
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aman Ullah
- Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millet University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Anastasiia D. Shkodina
- Department of Neurological Diseases, Poltava State Medical University, Poltava, Ukraine
- Municipal Enterprise “1 City Clinical Hospital of Poltava City Council”, Poltava, Ukraine
- *Correspondence: Ghulam Md. Ashraf, ; Anastasiia D. Shkodina,
| | - Dmytro I. Boiko
- Department of Psychiatry, Narcology and Medical Psychology, Poltava State Medical University, Poltava, Ukraine
| | - Zakia Rafique
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Badrah S. Alghamdi
- Neuroscience Unit, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Fahd Center for Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A. Alfaleh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Division of Vaccines and Immunotherapy, King Fahd Center for Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghulam Md. Ashraf
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- *Correspondence: Ghulam Md. Ashraf, ; Anastasiia D. Shkodina,
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Apathy in Parkinson’s Disease: Defining the Park Apathy Subtype. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12070923. [PMID: 35884730 PMCID: PMC9313138 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12070923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Apathy is a neurobehavioural symptom affecting Parkinson’s disease patients of all disease stages. Apathy seems to be associated with a specific underlying non-motor disease subtype and reflects dysfunction of separate neural networks with distinct neurotransmitter systems. Due to the complicated neuropsychiatric aetiology of apathy, clinical assessment of this invalidating non-motor symptom remains challenging. We aim to summarize the current findings on apathy in Parkinson’s disease and highlight knowledge gaps. We will discuss the prevalence rates across the different disease stages and suggest screening tools for clinically relevant apathetic symptoms. We will approach the fundamental knowledge on the neural networks implicated in apathy in a practical manner and formulate recommendations on patient-tailored treatment. We will discuss the Park apathy phenotype in detail, shedding light on different clinical manifestations and implications for prognosis. With this review, we strive to distil the vast available theoretical knowledge into a clinical and patient-oriented perspective.
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Isaacson SH, Betté S, Pahwa R. Istradefylline for OFF Episodes in Parkinson’s Disease: A US Perspective of Common Clinical Scenarios. Degener Neurol Neuromuscul Dis 2022; 12:97-109. [PMID: 35910426 PMCID: PMC9329678 DOI: 10.2147/dnnd.s245197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The effective management of OFF episodes remains an important unmet need for patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) who develop motor complications with long-term levodopa therapy. Istradefylline is a selective adenosine A2A receptor antagonist for the treatment of patients with PD experiencing OFF episodes while on levodopa/decarboxylase inhibitor. Originally approved in Japan, istradefylline was recently approved in the USA. In this article, we provide a specific review of the four clinical studies that the FDA included in the approval of istradefylline in the USA, and discuss common clinical scenarios, based on our experience, where treatment with istradefylline may benefit patients experiencing motor fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart H Isaacson
- Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders Center of Boca Raton, Boca Raton, FL, USA
- Correspondence: Stuart H Isaacson, Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders Center of Boca Raton, 951 NW 13th Street, Bldg. 5-E, Boca Raton, FL, 33486, USA, Tel +1 561-392-1818, Fax +1 561-392-8989, Email
| | - Sagari Betté
- Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders Center of Boca Raton, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - Rajesh Pahwa
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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Kulisevsky J, Martínez-Horta S, Campolongo A, Pascual-Sedano B, Marín-Lahoz J, Bejr-kasem H, Aracil-Bolaños I, Horta-Barba A, Puig-Davi A, Pagonabarraga J. A Randomized Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Effects of Safinamide on Apathetic Non-demented Patients With Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurol 2022; 13:866502. [PMID: 35720066 PMCID: PMC9201638 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.866502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundApathy is highly prevalent and disabling in Parkinson's disease (PD). Pharmacological options for its management lack sufficient evidence.ObjectiveWe studied the effects of safinamide on apathy in PD.MethodsProspective, 24-week, two-site, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group exploratory study in non-demented PD on stable dopaminergic therapy randomized 1:1 to adjunct safinamide (50 mg/day for 2 weeks and 100 mg/day for 22 weeks) or placebo. The primary endpoint was the mean change from baseline to week 24 on the Apathy Scale (AS) total score. Secondary endpoints included changes in cognition, activities of daily living, motor scores, the impression of change, and safety and tolerability measures.ResultsIn total, 30 participants (active treatment = 15; placebo = 15; 80% showing clinically significant apathetic symptoms according to the AS) were enrolled, and included in the intention-to-treat analysis. Change in AS (ANOVA) showed a trend to significance [p = 0.059] mediated by a more marked decrease in AS score with safinamide (−7.5 ± 6.9) than with placebo (−2.8 ± 5.7). Post-hoc analysis (paired t-test) showed a significant positive change in the AS score between 12-week and 24-week [p = 0.001] only in the active group. No significant or trend changes were found for any of the secondary outcome variables. Adverse events were few and only mild in both treatment groups.ConclusionsSafinamide was safe and well-tolerated, but failed to provide evidence of improved apathy. The positive trend observed in the post-hoc analyses deserves to be studied in depth in larger studies.Trial RegistrationEudraCT 2017-003254-17.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Kulisevsky
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Medicine Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (U.A.B.), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques- Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Cáceres, Spain
- Neurology Department—Hospital Quirón Dexeus—Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC), Barcelona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Jaime Kulisevsky
| | - Saul Martínez-Horta
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Medicine Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (U.A.B.), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques- Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Cáceres, Spain
| | - Antonia Campolongo
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Medicine Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (U.A.B.), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques- Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Cáceres, Spain
- Neurology Department—Hospital Quirón Dexeus—Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Berta Pascual-Sedano
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Medicine Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (U.A.B.), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques- Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Cáceres, Spain
- Neurology Department—Hospital Quirón Dexeus—Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Marín-Lahoz
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Helena Bejr-kasem
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Medicine Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (U.A.B.), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques- Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Cáceres, Spain
| | - Ignacio Aracil-Bolaños
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Medicine Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (U.A.B.), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques- Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Cáceres, Spain
| | - Andrea Horta-Barba
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Medicine Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (U.A.B.), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques- Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Cáceres, Spain
| | - Arnau Puig-Davi
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Medicine Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (U.A.B.), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques- Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Pagonabarraga
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Medicine Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (U.A.B.), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques- Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Cáceres, Spain
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11
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Wang Y, Wang H, Xu H, Zheng Z, Meng Z, Xu Z, Li J, Xue M. Design and synthesis of five-membered heterocyclic derivatives of istradefylline with comparable pharmacological activity. Chem Biol Drug Des 2022; 100:534-552. [PMID: 35569008 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common degenerative disease of the central nervous system among the elderly. Istradefylline, an FDA-approved adenosine A2A receptor antagonist (anti-PD drug), has good efficacy. However, it has been reported that the double bond of istradefylline is easily converted into cis-configuration when exposed to an indoor environment or direct light in a dilute solution. In order to find more stable adenosine A2A receptor antagonists with similar pharmacological efficacy to istradefylline, the compounds series I-1 (12 compounds) was designed by maintaining the xanthine skeleton of istradefylline unchanged and replacing the trans-double bond with thiazole or benzothiazole and other biologically active heterocyclic compounds. These compounds were synthesized via multi-step experiment and successfully confirmed through different characterization techniques for their ability to inhibit cAMP formation in A2A AR overexpressing cells. The thiazole derivative of istradefylline (Compound I-1-11, I-1-12) exhibited significant activity (IC50 = 16.74 ± 4.11 μM, 10.36 ± 3.09 μM), as compared to istradefylline (IC50 = 5.05 ± 1.32 μM). In addition, the molecular docking of benzothiazole derivatives I-1-11 and thiazole derivatives I-1-12 with higher inhibition rate were carried out and compared with istradefylline. The molecular docking results showed that I-1-11 and I-1-12 anchored in the same site as that of XAC (3REY) with predicted affinity binding energy -6.63 kcal/mol and - 6.75 kcal/mol, respectively. Validation through dynamics simulation also showed stable interactions, with fluctuations <3 Å and MM/GBSA energy <-20 kcal/mol. Hence, this study could provide a basis for the rational design of adenosine A2A receptor antagonists with better potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyun Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.,Shandong Xinhua Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Zibo, China
| | - Hongyi Wang
- Shandong Xinhua Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Zibo, China
| | - Haojie Xu
- Shandong Xinhua Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Zibo, China
| | | | - Zihui Meng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhibin Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jiarong Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Min Xue
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
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12
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The Pharmacological Potential of Adenosine A 2A Receptor Antagonists for Treating Parkinson's Disease. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27072366. [PMID: 35408767 PMCID: PMC9000505 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The adenosine A2A receptor subtype is recognized as a non-dopaminergic pharmacological target for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, notably Parkinson’s disease (PD). The selective A2A receptor antagonist istradefylline is approved in the US and Japan as an adjunctive treatment to levodopa/decarboxylase inhibitors in adults with PD experiencing OFF episodes or a wearing-off phenomenon; however, the full potential of this drug class remains to be explored. In this article, we review the pharmacology of adenosine A2A receptor antagonists from the perspective of the treatment of both motor and non-motor symptoms of PD and their potential for disease modification.
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13
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Jost WH, Tönges L. [Adenosine A2A Receptor Antagonists as a Treatment Option for Parkinson's Disease?]. FORTSCHRITTE DER NEUROLOGIE-PSYCHIATRIE 2022; 90:565-570. [PMID: 35226930 DOI: 10.1055/a-1771-6225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In Parkinson's disease, the focus has long been on motor symptoms and therapy with dopaminergic substances. In recent years, the importance of non-motor symptoms has been increasingly recognized, as they occur early in the course of the disease and restrict considerably the quality of life. However, this also made the need for treatment of non-dopaminergic deficits obvious. Adenosine A2A receptor antagonists were identified as an additional therapy, since the adenosine A2A receptors are non-dopaminergic and selectively localized in the basal ganglia. This means that the striato-thalamo-cortical loops can be modulated. An adenosine A2A receptor antagonist was already approved in Japan in 2013 and in the USA in 2019 as an add-on to L-DOPA. Approval for this drug in Europe is expected in the near future. In this overview, we present the theoretical basis and current data on its efficacy and therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lars Tönges
- Klinik für Neurologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, St. Josef-Hospital, Bochum, Germany
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14
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Azhar L, Kusumo RW, Marotta G, Lanctôt KL, Herrmann N. Pharmacological Management of Apathy in Dementia. CNS Drugs 2022; 36:143-165. [PMID: 35006557 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-021-00883-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Apathy is a highly prevalent symptom of dementia. Despite its association with faster cognitive and functional decline, decreased quality of life and increased mortality, no therapies are currently approved to treat apathy. The objective of this review was to summarize the drugs that have been studied for apathy treatment in patients with dementia (specifically Alzheimer's disease [AD], Huntington's disease [HD] and Parkinson's disease [PD] dementia; dementia with Lewy bodies [DLB]; vascular dementia [VaD]; and frontotemporal dementia [FTD]) based on their putative mechanisms of action. A search for relevant studies was performed using ClinicalTrials.gov and PubMed. Eligible studies were randomized controlled trials that were available in English and included at least one drug intervention and an apathy measure scale. A total of 52 studies that included patients with AD (n = 33 studies), PD (n = 5), HD (n = 1), DLB (n = 1), FTD (n = 3), VaD (n = 1), VaD and AD (n = 4), VaD and mixed dementia (n = 1), and AD, VaD and mixed dementia (n = 3) were eligible for inclusion. These studies showed that methylphenidate, olanzapine, cholinesterase inhibitors, choline alphoscerate, citalopram, memantine, and mibampator are the only beneficial drugs in AD-related apathy. For PD-related apathy, only methylphenidate, rotigotine and rivastigmine showed benefits. Regarding FTD- and DLB-related apathy, initial studies with agomelatine and rivastigmine showed benefits, respectively. As for HD- and only-VaD-related apathy, no drugs demonstrated benefits. With regards to mixed populations, memantine, galantamine and gingko biloba showed effects on apathy in the AD plus VaD populations and nimodipine in the VaD plus mixed dementia populations. Of the drugs with positive results, some are already prescribed to patients with dementia to target other symptoms, some have characteristics-such as medical contraindications (e.g., cardiovascular) and adverse effects (e.g., gastrointestinal disturbances)-that limit their clinical use and some require further study. Future studies should investigate apathy as a primary outcome, making use of appropriate sample sizes and study durations to ensure durability of results. There should also be a consensus on using scales with high test/retest and interrater reliabilities to limit the inconsistencies between clinical trials. In conclusion, there are currently no US FDA-approved drugs that target apathy in dementia, so there is an ongoing need for the development of such drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laiba Azhar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Raphael W Kusumo
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Giovanni Marotta
- Geriatric Medicine Division, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Krista L Lanctôt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nathan Herrmann
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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15
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Adenosine Receptors in Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Fine Regulators of Neurotransmission and Potential Therapeutic Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031219. [PMID: 35163142 PMCID: PMC8835915 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine exerts an important role in the modulation of central nervous system (CNS) activity. Through the interaction with four G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) subtypes, adenosine subtly regulates neurotransmission, interfering with the dopaminergic, glutamatergic, noradrenergic, serotoninergic, and endocannabinoid systems. The inhibitory and facilitating actions of adenosine on neurotransmission are mainly mediated by A1 and A2A adenosine receptors (ARs), respectively. Given their role in the CNS, ARs are promising therapeutic targets for neuropsychiatric disorders where altered neurotransmission represents the most likely etiological hypothesis. Activating or blocking ARs with specific pharmacological agents could therefore restore the balance of altered neurotransmitter systems, providing the rationale for the potential treatment of these highly debilitating conditions. In this review, we summarize and discuss the most relevant studies concerning AR modulation in psychotic and mood disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorders, depression, and anxiety, as well as neurodevelopment disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), fragile X syndrome (FXS), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and neuropsychiatric aspects of neurodegenerative disorders.
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16
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Cummins L, Cates ME. Istradefylline: A novel agent in the treatment of “off” episodes associated with levodopa/carbidopa use in Parkinson disease. Ment Health Clin 2022; 12:32-36. [PMID: 35116210 PMCID: PMC8788305 DOI: 10.9740/mhc.2022.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The current gold standard for treatment of Parkinson disease (PD) is levodopa/carbidopa (L/C), but long-term treatment frequently results in motor complications, such as wearing-off and motor fluctuations (eg, dyskinesia, “on-off” phenomenon). Istradefylline is a new drug with a unique pharmacologic profile that was approved by the FDA for use as adjunctive treatment to L/C in adult patients with PD experiencing “off” episodes. The drug was shown to reduce “off” time in 4 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies. The most common adverse effects are dyskinesia, dizziness, constipation, nausea, hallucinations, and insomnia. Unlike many drugs that treat PD, istradefylline is a nondopaminergic drug that exerts its effects via adenosine A2A receptor antagonism. The major drug interactions involve inhibitors or inducers of CYP3A4 as well as tobacco smoking via induction of CYP1A1. Istradefylline is taken once daily as a 20- or 40-mg dose, except in cases involving drug interactions or hepatic impairment. The cost of the drug is relatively expensive, which has implications for Medicare and private insurance coverage. Istradefylline is an alternative option to dopaminergic drugs such as dopamine agonists, monoamine oxidase B inhibitors, and catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitors as an adjunct to L/C in patients with motor fluctuations, but clinical use will further define its role in treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Cummins
- PharmD Candidate 2022, Samford University McWhorter School of Pharmacy, Birmingham, Alabama
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17
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Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are increasingly recognised to be an important cause of brain disorders, particularly in late age. Associated with a wide range of pathologies, they lead to progressive loss of neurons in different regions of the nervous system. Although anhedonia is common in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases, to date it has not been extensively studied in most of these conditions. Here we review the current literature on studies assessing the association between anhedonia and neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's Disease, Dementia with Lewy Bodies, Parkinson's Plus Syndromes, Alzheimer's Disease, Vascular Dementia, Frontotemporal Dementia, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Huntington's Disease. Much of the research has been conducted in Parkinson's disease where it is evident that there are strong links between apathy (loss of motivation) and anhedonia, although the two syndromes can be dissociated. Intriguingly, drugs that improve apathy can also lead to amelioration of anhedonia in some cases. Overlaps between the two syndromes may also exist across other neurodegenerative conditions, including Frontotemporal Dementia in which imaging has revealed atrophy of both common brain regions associated with anhedonia and apathy, as well as a set of unique brain regions associated with anhedonia. A transdiagnostic perspective might be helpful to investigate whether a common network of brain regions is dysfunctional with anhedonia across neurodegenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicky Turner
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Masud Husain
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Shimo Y, Maeda T, Chiu SW, Yamaguchi T, Kashihara K, Tsuboi Y, Nomoto M, Hattori N, Watanabe H, Saiki H. Influence of istradefylline on non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease: A subanalysis of a 1-year observational study in Japan (J-FIRST). Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2021; 91:115-120. [PMID: 34583302 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2021.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The non-motor symptoms (NMSs) of Parkinson's disease (PD) significantly impact the patient's health-related quality of life. This subanalysis of the J-FIRST study evaluated the effect of istradefylline, a selective adenosine A2A receptor antagonist, on NMSs in istradefylline-naïve Japanese patients with PD. METHODS Patients with PD and ≥1 NMS and 'wearing-off' with their current antiparkinsonian treatment were observed for up to 52 weeks. The effect of istradefylline on NMSs was measured in terms of changes in the Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) Part 1 total, individual sub-items scores and the 8 item PD questionnaire (PDQ-8) estimated by the marginal structural model. RESULTS Overall, 732 patients were istradefylline-naïve prior to the study, of whom 171 were treated with istradefylline for ≥8 weeks during the observation period (istradefylline-treated patients). At baseline, istradefylline-treated patients were more likely to have a dyskinesia (49.7% vs 40.8%) and received a significantly higher daily dose of levodopa (462.8 mg vs 413.0 mg) than those who did not receive istradefylline (n = 561). MDS-UPDRS Part 1 total score at the end of the 52-week observational period slightly increased in patients who received istradefylline and those who did not (0.49 ± 0.41 vs 0.07 ± 0.20; P = 0.36). There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups of patients in terms of changes in the MDS-UPDRS Part 1 total score or any sub-items, or in the PDQ-8 total score. CONCLUSION NMSs remained generally controlled in istradefylline-treated Japanese patients with PD who exhibited wearing-off with their current antiparkinsonian treatment. Istradefylline could be a feasible treatment option for patients with advanced PD, without worsening existing NMSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Shimo
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Nerima Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Tetsuya Maeda
- Division of Neurology and Gerontology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan; Department of Neurology, Research Institute for Brain and Blood Vessels-Akita, Akita, Japan
| | - Shih-Wei Chiu
- Division of Biostatistics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takuhiro Yamaguchi
- Division of Biostatistics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kashihara
- Okayama Kyokuto Hospital, Okayama, Japan; Okayama Neurology Clinic, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshio Tsuboi
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nomoto
- Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Japan; Department of Neurology, Saiseikai Imabari Center for Health and Welfare, Imabari, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hidemoto Saiki
- Parkinson's Disease Advanced Therapy Center, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Aichi, Japan
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Lintel H, Corpuz T, Paracha SUR, Grossberg GT. Mood Disorders and Anxiety in Parkinson's Disease: Current Concepts. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2021; 34:280-288. [PMID: 34219518 DOI: 10.1177/08919887211018267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mood disorders and anxiety significantly impact the prognosis and disease course of Parkinson's disease. Non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease such as apathy, anhedonia, and fatigue overlap with diagnostic criteria for anxiety and depression, thus making accurate diagnosis of mood disorders in Parkinson's disease patients difficult. Furthermore, treatment options for mood disorders can produce motor complications leading to poor adherence and impaired quality of life in Parkinson's disease patients. This review aims to clarify the current state of diagnostic and treatment options pertaining to anxiety and mood disorders in Parkinson's disease. It explores both the pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic treatment modalities for various mood disorders in comorbid Parkinson's disease with a brief discussion of the future outlook of the field given the current state of the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Lintel
- 7547Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Timothy Corpuz
- 7547Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Saif-Ur-Rahman Paracha
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, 7547Saint Louis University School of Medicine, MO, USA
| | - George T Grossberg
- Samuel W. Fordyce Professor and Director of Geriatric Psychiatry, 7547Saint Louis University School of Medicine, MO, USA
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Jenner P, Mori A, Aradi SD, Hauser RA. Istradefylline - a first generation adenosine A 2A antagonist for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Expert Rev Neurother 2021; 21:317-333. [PMID: 33507105 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2021.1880896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction It is now accepted that Parkinson's disease (PD) is not simply due to dopaminergic dysfunction, and there is interest in developing non-dopaminergic approaches to disease management. Adenosine A2A receptor antagonists represent a new way forward in the symptomatic treatment of PD.Areas covered In this narrative review, we summarize the literature supporting the utility of adenosine A2A antagonists in PD with a specific focus on istradefylline, the most studied and only adenosine A2A antagonist currently in clinical use.Expert opinion: At this time, the use of istradefylline in the treatment of PD is limited to the management of motor fluctuations as supported by the results of randomized clinical trials and evaluation by Japanese and USA regulatory authorities. The relatively complicated clinical development of istradefylline was based on classically designed studies conducted in PD patients with motor fluctuations on an optimized regimen of levodopa plus adjunctive dopaminergic medications. In animal models, there is consensus that a more robust effect of istradefylline in improving motor function is produced when combined with low or threshold doses of levodopa rather than with high doses that produce maximal dopaminergic improvement. Exploration of istradefylline as a 'levodopa sparing' strategy in earlier PD would seem warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Jenner
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Akihisa Mori
- Medical Affairs Department, Kyowa Kirin Co Ltd, Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Stephen D Aradi
- Department of Neurology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Robert A Hauser
- Department of Neurology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
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Szopa A, Socała K, Serefko A, Doboszewska U, Wróbel A, Poleszak E, Wlaź P. Purinergic transmission in depressive disorders. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 224:107821. [PMID: 33607148 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Purinergic signaling involves the actions of purine nucleotides and nucleosides (such as adenosine) at P1 (adenosine), P2X, and P2Y receptors. Here, we present recent data contributing to a comprehensive overview of the association between purinergic signaling and depression. We start with background information on adenosine production and metabolism, followed by a detailed characterization of P1 and P2 receptors, with an emphasis on their expression and function in the brain as well as on their ligands. We provide data suggestive of altered metabolism of adenosine in depressed patients, which might be regarded as a disease biomarker. We then turn to considerable amount of preclinical/behavioral data obtained with the aid of the forced swim test, tail suspension test, learned helplessness model, or unpredictable chronic mild stress model and genetic activation/inactivation of P1 or P2 receptors as well as nonselective or selective ligands of P1 or P2 receptors. We also aimed to discuss the reason underlying discrepancies observed in such studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Szopa
- Department of Applied and Social Pharmacy, Laboratory of Preclinical Testing, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, PL 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Socała
- Department of Animal Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, PL 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Serefko
- Department of Applied and Social Pharmacy, Laboratory of Preclinical Testing, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, PL 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Urszula Doboszewska
- Department of Animal Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, PL 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Wróbel
- Second Department of Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, PL 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewa Poleszak
- Department of Applied and Social Pharmacy, Laboratory of Preclinical Testing, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, PL 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Piotr Wlaź
- Department of Animal Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, PL 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
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22
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Wang Y, Xu H, Wang H, Zheng Z, Meng Z, Xu Z, Li J, Xue M. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Activity Studies of Istradefylline Derivatives Based on Adenine as A 2A Receptor Antagonists. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:4386-4394. [PMID: 33644551 PMCID: PMC7906590 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Due to its double bond, istradefylline rapidly isomerizes to Z-istradefylline when exposed to normal daylight in dilute solution. To solve the poor photostability of the istradefylline solution, a series of istradefylline derivatives (in total 17 compounds, including II-1 and II-2 series) were designed and synthesized, and their biological activity in inhibiting cAMP was evaluated. The IC50 values of compounds II-1-3, II-2-1, II-2-2, II-2-3, II-2-4, and II-2-6 were 7.71, 6.52, 6.16, 7.23, 7.96, and 9.68 μg/mL, respectively, which had the same order of activity as that of istradefylline (IC50 value was 1.94 μg/mL). The preliminary structure-activity relationship suggested that the 6-amino in adenine played an important role in binding an A2A receptor. The results of photostability experiments showed that the photostability of the target compounds of II-1 and II-2 series was improved when compared with that of istradefylline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyun Wang
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing
Institute of Technology, Courtyard 8, Liangxiang Campus, Fangshan District, 102488 Beijing, P. R. China
- Shandong
Xinhua Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., No. 1 Lutai Avenue, 255086 Zibo, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Haojie Xu
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing
Institute of Technology, Courtyard 8, Liangxiang Campus, Fangshan District, 102488 Beijing, P. R. China
- Shandong
Xinhua Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., No. 1 Lutai Avenue, 255086 Zibo, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Hongyi Wang
- Shandong
Xinhua Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., No. 1 Lutai Avenue, 255086 Zibo, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Zhonghui Zheng
- Shandong
Xinhua Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., No. 1 Lutai Avenue, 255086 Zibo, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Zihui Meng
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing
Institute of Technology, Courtyard 8, Liangxiang Campus, Fangshan District, 102488 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhibin Xu
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing
Institute of Technology, Courtyard 8, Liangxiang Campus, Fangshan District, 102488 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jiarong Li
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing
Institute of Technology, Courtyard 8, Liangxiang Campus, Fangshan District, 102488 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Min Xue
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing
Institute of Technology, Courtyard 8, Liangxiang Campus, Fangshan District, 102488 Beijing, P. R. China
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23
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Bhoopatiraju S, Grossberg G. Emerging Perspectives in the Diagnosis and Management of Depression and Psychosis in Parkinson's Disease. Neurology 2021. [DOI: 10.17925/usn.2021.17.2.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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24
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Berger AA, Winnick A, Welschmeyer A, Kaneb A, Berardino K, Cornett EM, Kaye AD, Viswanath O, Urits I. Istradefylline to Treat Patients with Parkinson's Disease Experiencing "Off" Episodes: A Comprehensive Review. Neurol Int 2020; 12:109-129. [PMID: 33302331 PMCID: PMC7768423 DOI: 10.3390/neurolint12030017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder that leads to significant morbidity and disability. PD is caused by a loss of dopaminergic, cholinergic, serotonergic, and noradrenergic neurons in the central nervous system (CNS), and peripherally; the syndromic parkinsonism symptoms of movement disorder, gait disorder, rigidity and tremor are mostly driven by the loss of these neurons in the basal ganglia. Unfortunately, a significant proportion of patients taking levodopa, the standard of care treatment for PD, will begin to experience a decrease in effectiveness at varying times. These periods, referred to as “off episodes”, are characterized by increased symptoms and have a detrimental effect on quality of life and disability. Istradefylline, a novel adenosine A2A receptor antagonist, is indicated as a treatment addition to levodopa/carbidopa in patients experiencing “off episodes”. It promotes dopaminergic activity by antagonizing adenosine in the basal ganglia. This review will discuss istradefylline as a treatment for PD patients with off episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amnon A. Berger
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
| | - Ariel Winnick
- Soroka University Medical Center and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel;
- School of Optometry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA
| | - Alexandra Welschmeyer
- Department of Anesthesiology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC 20007, USA; (A.W.); (A.K.); (K.B.)
| | - Alicia Kaneb
- Department of Anesthesiology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC 20007, USA; (A.W.); (A.K.); (K.B.)
| | - Kevin Berardino
- Department of Anesthesiology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC 20007, USA; (A.W.); (A.K.); (K.B.)
| | - Elyse M. Cornett
- Department of Anesthesiology, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA; (A.D.K.); (O.V.); (I.U.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-248-515-9211
| | - Alan D. Kaye
- Department of Anesthesiology, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA; (A.D.K.); (O.V.); (I.U.)
| | - Omar Viswanath
- Department of Anesthesiology, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA; (A.D.K.); (O.V.); (I.U.)
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine—Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68124, USA
- Valley Anesthesiology and Pain Consultants—Envision Physician Services, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Ivan Urits
- Department of Anesthesiology, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA; (A.D.K.); (O.V.); (I.U.)
- Southcoast Health, Southcoast Physicians Group Pain Medicine, Wareham, MA 02571, USA
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25
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Gomes JI, Farinha-Ferreira M, Rei N, Gonçalves-Ribeiro J, Ribeiro JA, Sebastião AM, Vaz SH. Of adenosine and the blues: The adenosinergic system in the pathophysiology and treatment of major depressive disorder. Pharmacol Res 2020; 163:105363. [PMID: 33285234 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is the foremost cause of global disability, being responsible for enormous personal, societal, and economical costs. Importantly, existing pharmacological treatments for MDD are partially or totally ineffective in a large segment of patients. As such, the search for novel antidepressant drug targets, anchored on a clear understanding of the etiological and pathophysiological mechanisms underpinning MDD, becomes of the utmost importance. The adenosinergic system, a highly conserved neuromodulatory system, appears as a promising novel target, given both its regulatory actions over many MDD-affected systems and processes. With this goal in mind, we herein review the evidence concerning the role of adenosine as a potential player in pathophysiology and treatment of MDD, combining data from both human and animal studies. Altogether, evidence supports the assertions that the adenosinergic system is altered in both MDD patients and animal models, and that drugs targeting this system have considerable potential as putative antidepressants. Furthermore, evidence also suggests that modifications in adenosine signaling may have a key role in the effects of several pharmacological and non-pharmacological antidepressant treatments with demonstrated efficacy, such as electroconvulsive shock, sleep deprivation, and deep brain stimulation. Lastly, it becomes clear from the available literature that there is yet much to study regarding the role of the adenosinergic system in the pathophysiology and treatment of MDD, and we suggest several avenues of research that are likely to prove fruitful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana I Gomes
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Miguel Farinha-Ferreira
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Nádia Rei
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana Gonçalves-Ribeiro
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joaquim A Ribeiro
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana M Sebastião
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sandra H Vaz
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
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26
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Janse van Rensburg HD, Legoabe LJ, Terre’Blanche G. C3 amino-substituted chalcone derivative with selective adenosine rA 1 receptor affinity in the micromolar range. CHEMICKE ZVESTI 2020; 75:1581-1605. [PMID: 33223599 PMCID: PMC7670844 DOI: 10.1007/s11696-020-01414-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT To identify novel adenosine receptor (AR) ligands based on the chalcone scaffold, herein the synthesis, characterization and in vitro and in silico evaluation of 33 chalcones (15-36 and 37-41) and structurally related compounds (42-47) are reported. These compounds were characterized by radioligand binding and GTP shift assays to determine the degree and type of binding affinity, respectively, against rat (r) A1 and A2A ARs. The chalcone derivatives 24, 29, 37 and 38 possessed selective A1 affinity below 10 µM, and thus, are the most active compounds of the present series; compound 38 was the most potent selective A1 AR antagonist (K i (r) = 1.6 µM). The structure-affinity relationships (SAR) revealed that the NH2-group at position C3 of ring A of the chalcone scaffold played a key role in affinity, and also, the Br-atom at position C3' on benzylidene ring B. Upon in vitro and in silico evaluation, the novel C3 amino-substituted chalcone derivative 38-that contains an α,ß-unsaturated carbonyl system and easily allows structural modification-may possibly be a synthon in future drug discovery. GRAPHIC ABSTRACT C3 amino-substituted chalcone derivative (38) with C3' Br substitution on benzylidene ring B possesses selective adenosine rA1 receptor affinity in micromolar range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena D. Janse van Rensburg
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520 South Africa
| | - Lesetja J. Legoabe
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520 South Africa
| | - Gisella Terre’Blanche
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520 South Africa
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520 South Africa
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27
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Jenner P, Mori A, Kanda T. Can adenosine A2A receptor antagonists be used to treat cognitive impairment, depression or excessive sleepiness in Parkinson's disease? Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2020; 80 Suppl 1:S28-S36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2020.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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28
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Chen JF, Cunha RA. The belated US FDA approval of the adenosine A 2A receptor antagonist istradefylline for treatment of Parkinson's disease. Purinergic Signal 2020; 16:167-174. [PMID: 32236790 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-020-09694-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
After more than two decades of preclinical and clinical studies, on August 27, 2019, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the adenosine A2A receptor antagonist Nourianz® (istradefylline) developed by Kyowa Hakko Kirin Inc., Japan, as an add-on treatment to levodopa in Parkinson's disease (PD) with "OFF" episodes. This milestone achievement is the culmination of the decade-long clinical studies of the effects of istradefylline in more than 4000 PD patients. Istradefylline is the first non-dopaminergic drug approved by FDA for PD in the last two decades. This approval also provides some important lessons to be remembered, namely, concerning disease-specific adenosine signaling and targeting subpopulation of PD patients. Importantly, this approval paves the way to foster entirely novel therapeutic opportunities for adenosine A2A receptor antagonists, such as neuroprotection or reversal of mood and cognitive deficits in PD and other neuropsychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Fan Chen
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Rodrigo A Cunha
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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29
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Bogdan A, Manera V, Koenig A, David R. Pharmacologic Approaches for the Management of Apathy in Neurodegenerative Disorders. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1581. [PMID: 32038253 PMCID: PMC6989486 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Apathy is one of the most frequent behavioral disturbances in many neurodegenerative disorders and is known to have a negative impact on the disease progression, particularly in Alzheimer’s disease. Therapeutic options are currently limited and non-pharmacological approaches should constitute first line treatments. Pharmacological agents likely to reduce apathy levels are lacking. The objective of the present article is to review recent pharmacological treatments for apathy in neurodegenerative disorders. The Pubmed database was searched with a particular focus on articles published as of January 2017. Current main levels of evidence have been reported so far with cholinergic, glutamatergic and dopaminergic agents to reduce levels of apathy, despite several conflicting results. Treatment duration and samples sizes may have however decreased the validity of previous results. Ongoing studies involving more participants/treatment duration or distinct neural pathways may provide new insights in the treatment of apathy in neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamaria Bogdan
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche, Nice, France
| | - Valeria Manera
- CoBTeK Lab "Cognition Behaviour Technology", University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Alexandra Koenig
- CoBTeK Lab "Cognition Behaviour Technology", University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Renaud David
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche, Nice, France
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30
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Xu H, Wang Y, Wang H, Zheng Z, Meng Z, Xue M, Xu Z. Separation and identification of an impurity from the istradefylline intermediate. RSC Adv 2020; 10:14493-14499. [PMID: 35497116 PMCID: PMC9052088 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09074f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Istradefylline is a selective adenosine antagonist for the A2a receptor, and it is used to treat the Parkinson's disease and improve dyskinesia in the early stage of the Parkinson's disease. An impurity in the istradefylline intermediate A1 (6-amino-1,3-diethyl-2,4-(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione) was identified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC); it was separated by preparative HPLC and further characterized by UV, IR, MS, NMR, 2D NMR and single-crystal XRD analyses. The impurity was identified as (E)-N-ethyl-2-cyano-3-ethylamino-2-butenamide, which originated from the synthetic process of the intermediate A1. The structure of this impurity might affect the efficiency and safety of istradefylline; therefore, the research and control of this impurity are necessary for ensuring the quality of istradefylline. An impurity has been separated by preparative HPLC and characterized by IR, MS, NMR and XRD analyses as (E)-N-ethyl-2-cyano-3-ethylamino-2-butenamide, which is a by-product of the intermediate A1 obtained from the istradefylline.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojie Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing
- China
- Shandong Xinhua Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | - Yiyun Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing
- China
- Shandong Xinhua Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | - Hongyi Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing
- China
- Shandong Xinhua Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | | | - Zihui Meng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing
- China
| | - Min Xue
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing
- China
| | - Zhibin Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing
- China
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31
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Janse van Rensburg HD, Legoabe LJ, Terre'Blanche G, Aucamp J. Synthesis and evaluation of methoxy substituted 2-benzoyl-1-benzofuran derivatives as lead compounds for the development adenosine A1 and/or A2A receptor antagonists. Bioorg Chem 2020; 94:103459. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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