Prevalence of dental anomalies in different facial patterns and malocclusions in an Iranian population

Isolated bilateral molariform mandibular second premolars; a case report

BACKGROUND

Molariform second premolar is a rare dental anomaly where the second premolar resembles a molar in size and shape. This condition is often linked to macrodontia, a rare enlargement of teeth that disrupts dental proportions and can manifest in isolated, relative, or generalized forms. Although mandibular second premolars are more prone to morphological variability, the occurrence of bilateral molariform premolars, induced by a unique form of gemination, is exceptionally uncommon and infrequently documented, thus making this case clinically significant.

CASE PRESENTATION

This case report illustrates a rare bilateral presentation of molariform second premolars in the mandibular arch of a young patient. Both premolars displayed exaggerated mesiodistal dimensions, molar-like occlusal morphology with multiple cusps, and disproportionate faciolingual dimensions. Diagnosis was established through detailed clinical examination and radiographic evaluations. The report explores the treatment challenges posed by the enlarged tooth size and abnormal morphology, including their impact on orthodontic alignment and restorative planning. The patient was scheduled for reshaping of the macrodont premolars after finishing orthodontic treatment, which was planned for correction of overjet, overbite, as well the deep curve of spee.

CONCLUSIONS

Molariform premolars, though uncommon, have a profound impact on dental alignment and treatment outcomes. Their morphological uniqueness might potentially be ignored; therefore, dental professionals should remain vigilant for such anomalies during routine examinations to prevent complications like crowding, malocclusion, and caries. Early diagnosis and strategic intervention are crucial for prevention and interdisciplinary management of unexpected complications during dental procedures. This case emphasizes the importance of routine examination and interdisciplinary collaboration in identifying and treating such anomalies.

Functional Class II Treatment Simultaneous With Selective Reduction of Talon Cusps: A Case Report

Selective reduction of bilateral nonsyndromic talon cusps in an 11-year-old class II patient enabled successful mandibular repositioning with a twin block appliance. This approach achieved desired orthodontic outcomes without causing pain or sensitivity following reduction, highlighting a novel strategy for managing talon cusps in orthodontic treatment.

A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography-Based Evaluation of Root Dilaceration in Permanent Premolars: A Retrospective Study

Statement of the Problem

As a developmental disorder characterized by an abnormal bend and angle in the longitudinal axis of the tooth root, dilaceration can cause complications in routine dental procedures such as endodontics, orthodontics, and surgical treatments.

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of dilaceration in maxillary and mandibular premolar teeth in a population of Shiraz city based on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Materials and Method

This is a retrospective cross-sectional study on 927 premolar teeth and 132 CBCT radiographs of patients obtained from four private radiology clinics in Shiraz (Iran). In this study, the presence, location, direction, and severity of dilaceration in premolar roots as well as its relationship with gender were investigated. Chi-square and Fisher tests were used to analyze the data.

Results

The results showed that 17% of the studied 927 teeth had dilaceration. The prevalence of dilaceration was significantly higher in women than in men (20.3% vs. 13.6%, p= 0.005). The dilaceration rates were significantly higher in the mandibular first and second premolar teeth (31.6% and 26%, p= 0.002) than in the other teeth. In addition, the highest prevalence was in the distal direction with mild severity in the apical third of the root (p< 0.001).

Conclusion

According to the results of this study, the prevalence of dilaceration was relatively high in mandibular premolar teeth especially in women.

Occlusal characteristics in modern humans with tooth agenesis

Non-syndromic permanent tooth agenesis affects a significant proportion of the population, especially if third molars are considered. Although tooth agenesis has been linked to a smaller craniofacial size, reduced facial convexity and a shorter skeletal face, the occlusal characteristics of individuals with tooth agenesis remain largely unexplored. Therefore, this study investigated potential associations between tooth agenesis and metric occlusal traits in 806 individuals (491 with 4.1 missing teeth per subject, including third molars, and 315 without any tooth agenesis). Dentoskeletal morphology was defined through anatomical landmarks on pre-treatment cephalometric radiographs. Multivariate regression models, adjusted for sex and age, showed that tooth agenesis was significantly associated with a reduced overjet, an increased interincisal angle, and shorter upper and lower dental arch lengths, but not with overbite. Moreover, apart from reduced tooth length and dentoalveolar effects, as the number of missing teeth increased the upper front teeth were progressively retruded according to the craniofacial complex and to the face. Thus, tooth agenesis has a substantial influence on dental and occlusal characteristics, as well as on the sagittal position and inclination of anterior teeth. These findings emphasize the necessity for personalized, multidisciplinary approaches in individuals with multiple agenesis to successfully meet treatment goals.

Comparison of the posterior teeth angulations in orthodontic patients with different facial growth patterns

Background

Dental relationships can be affected according to the pattern of facial growth. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the angulations of posterior teeth in patients with different patterns of facial growth.

Material and Methods

A total of 412 lateral head radiographs were included. The facial skeletal growth pattern was evaluated with the Björk-Jarabak analysis. For the angular measurements of the posterior teeth, the apex-cusp inclination of the premolars and the long axes of the molars were considered, with respect to the occlusal, palatal and mandibular plane. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to evaluate the intra-examiner concordance. One way ANOVA was used to compare the values between the patterns of facial growth. A significance level was set at 0.05.

Results

A high intra-examiner correlation was observed (0.75). Subjects with horizontal and normal growth presented significantly different angulations for the first and second premolars in relation to the palatal plane than the vertical growth (p<0.05). Subjects with horizontal growth pattern showed greater angulation of the teeth with respect to the occlusal plane than the other groups (p<0.05). The angulations of all mandibular teeth related to the mandibular plane were significantly higher for the group with horizontal growth (p<0.05).

Conclusions

The first and second premolars presented greater angulations in subjects with horizontal and normal growth than in those with vertical growth. The angulations of all mandibular teeth were significantly higher in the horizontal growth according to the mandibular plane. Key words:Facial growth pattern, posterior tooth, occlusal plane, palatal plane, mandibular plane.

Dental anomalies in an Albanian orthodontic sample: a retrospective study

BACKGROUND

To evaluate the prevalence and the distribution of dental anomalies in an Albanian orthodontic sample.

METHODS

For this retrospective study, a sample of panoramic radiographs (PR) of n. 779 (456 F and 323 M, mean age of 15.1 ± 5.5 years) Albanian subjects with no genetic syndromes or craniofacial malformations (e.g., cleft lip/palate), history of extraction, trauma or previous orthodontic treatment drawn from the archives of the University Dental Clinic Our Lady of Good Counsel, was examined. The inclusion criteria were: subjects from 8 to 30 years of age, good quality of PRs in order to allow the assessment of crown and root development. For different dental anomalies, both the prevalence and the association were evaluated by using Chi-square test (p < 0.05).

RESULTS

24.4% of the sample had at least one dental anomaly and 4.6% had more than one. The following dental anomalies were most prevalent: hypodontia (9.8%), dental impaction (7.6%), and ectopic eruption (5.3%). No statistically significant correlation was found between males and females (p > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

The most common anomalies in this group are found to be those of number and position, and only radiological investigations can reveal either of these anomalies. Early diagnosis of dental anomalies can contribute to prevent their complications and to establish the most suitable therapy to achieve a functional occlusion.

Evaluating the Prevalence and Distribution of Dental Anomalies in the Permanent Dentition of Patients Seeking Dental Care

BACKGROUND

 Disturbances seen during tooth formation result in developmental dental anomalies presenting in the oral cavity. These anomalies manifest as discrepancies in the number, color, size, and shape of the teeth. These dental anomalies can either be acquired, congenital, or developmental. Their early detection and management are necessary as they affect aesthetics and occlusion. The study had the aim of gauging the prevalence of developmental anomalies in the permanent dentition of Indian subjects.

METHODS

A total of 1192 participants recruited from the institute for study purposes, comprising males and females, were examined clinically and radiographically, and their dental casts were also evaluated. These subjects were assessed for anomalies in position, structure, number, and/or shape. Anomalies in the position include transmigration, transportation, and/or ectopic position; anomalies in the structure, including dentinogenesis imperfecta or amelogenesis imperfecta; anomalies in number, including hyperdontia or hypodontia; and anomalies in shape, including peg laterals, taurodontism, fusion, dens evaginatus, talon cusp, and/or microdontia.

RESULTS

A statistically significant difference was seen in unilateral microdontia and dentinogenesis imperfecta between males and females, with attained p-values of 0.003 and 0.06, respectively. The results of the present study showed that 9.89% (n = 118) study subjects, whereas 1% (n = 12) study subjects had two dental anomalies in their permanent dentitions, with no subject presenting more than two dental anomalies, showing that various dental anomalies have a low prevalence in the Indian population.

CONCLUSION

The present study has led to the conclusion that the prevalence of dental anomalies is low in Indian subjects. However, these anomalies should be detected and treated early to prevent them from causing further complications.