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Zhu C, Liu G, Cui W, Yu Z, Chen W, Qin Y, Liu J, Lu Y, Fan W, Liang W. Astaxanthin prevents osteoarthritis by blocking Rspo2-mediated Wnt/β-catenin signaling in chondrocytes and abolishing Rspo2-related inflammatory factors in macrophages. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:5775-5797. [PMID: 37354487 PMCID: PMC10333078 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Chondrocyte degeneration and classically activated macrophage (AM)-related inflammation play critical roles in osteoarthritis (OA). Here, we explored the effects of astaxanthin and Rspo2 on OA in vitro and in vivo. We observed that the Rspo2 gene was markedly elevated in synovial tissues of OA patients compared with healthy controls. In 2D cultures, Rspo2 and inflammatory factors were enhanced in AMs compared with nonactivated macrophages (NMs), and the protein expression levels of Rspo2, β-catenin, and inflammatory factors were increased, and anabolic markers were reduced in osteoarthritic chondrocytes (OACs) compared to normal chondrocytes (NCs). Astaxanthin reversed these changes in AMs and OACs. Furthermore, Rspo2 shRNA significantly abolished inflammatory factors and elevated anabolic markers in OACs. In NCs cocultured with AM, and in OACs cocultured with AMs or NMs, astaxanthin reversed these changes in these coculture systems and promoted secretion of Rspo2, β-catenin and inflammatory factors and suppressed anabolic markers compared to NCs or OACs cultured alone. In AMs, coculture with NCs resulted in a slight elevation of Rspo2 and AM-related genes, but not protein expression, compared to culture alone, but when cocultured with OACs, these inflammatory mediators were significantly enhanced at both the gene and protein levels. Astaxanthin reversed these changes in all the groups. In vivo, we observed a deterioration in cartilage quality after intra-articular injection of Rspo2 associated with medial meniscus (DMM)-induced instability in the OA group, and astaxanthin was protective in these groups. Our results collectively revealed that astaxanthin attenuated the process of OA by abolishing Rspo2 both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Zhu
- Trauma Center, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Trauma Center, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Weiding Cui
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Zhongjie Yu
- Trauma Center, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Trauma Center, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Yao Qin
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jiuxiang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yaojun Lu
- Trauma Center, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Weimin Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Wenwei Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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2
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Pan D, Yin P, Li L, Wu K, Tong C, Liu D. Holomycin, a novel NLRP3 inhibitor, attenuates cartilage degeneration and inflammation in osteoarthritis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 657:59-68. [PMID: 36989841 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
The contribution of the NLRP3 inflammasome in osteoarthritis (OA) pathogenesis has been uncovered in recent years. Holomycin (HL) has recently been identified as a novel NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor. Herein, we aimed to explore the benefits of HL for OA. A chondrocyte-macrophage co-culture system and the destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) mouse model were established to study the effect of HL on OA in vitro and in vivo. ECM degradation-related proteins (MMP-13, aggrecan, and Collagen II) were detected by Western blot (WB) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The chondrocyte senescence was determined by cell cycle, p16 and p21 expressions, and SA-β-Gal staining. The cartilage degeneration was evaluated by OARSI score and Safranin O and H&E staining. Inflammation and NLRP3 inflammasome activation were investigated via RT-PCR, ELISA, WB, and IHC. In vitro studies showed that IL-1β stimulation caused a significant increase of MMP13, p16, p21, and β-galactosidase expressions, a G1-phase arrest, and a down-regulation of aggrecan and Collagen II in chondrocytes, and the increased expressions of IL-6, CXCL-1, IL-1β, NLRP3, and Caspase 1 p20 in both chondrocyte and macrophage. Meanwhile, HL administration could partly reverse these effects induced by IL-1β. In DMM mouse models, intra-articular administration of HL alleviated cartilage degeneration and inflammation, as evidenced by the decrease of OARSI score and MMP13, p16, p21, Collagen II, IL-6, and CXCL-1 expressions and the restoration of chondrocyte number, proteoglycan, and MMP13 expression in cartilage tissues. This study identified HL as a promising agent for OA.
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Girão-Carmona VCC, Bezerra MM, Porto FMAX, Pinto ACMD, de Melo Nunes R, Alves AMCV, Campello CC, de Melo Leite ACR, de Castro Brito GA, da Rocha FAC. Quantitative evaluation of very early cartilage damage in experimental osteoarthritis using scanning electron microscopy. Adv Rheumatol 2022; 62:42. [PMID: 36371322 DOI: 10.1186/s42358-022-00277-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe parametric changes observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in very early stages in posttraumatic osteoarthritis (OA) models in mice. METHODS Mice (5/group) had their knees subjected to anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT), ACLT plus meniscectomy (MNCT) or sham surgery, sacrificed after 3, 7 or 14 days, had the articular cartilage evaluated under optical microscopy using Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) parameters as well as cartilage thickness, roughness, and a damage index using SEM. RESULTS Alterations of the cartilage under optical microscopy were not significantly relevant among groups. SEM analysis revealed reduction of femoral and tibial cartilage thickness in ACLT and MNCT groups at 7 and 14 days, with increased cartilage roughness in MNCT group as early as 3 days postsurgery, being sustained up to 14 days. Articular damage index was significantly higher at 14 days post surgery in ACLT and MNCT vs control groups. CONCLUSION This is the first demonstration of very early quantitative changes in the cartilage of mice subjected to posttraumatic experimental OA using SEM, revealing increased roughness and thickness as early as 3 days post surgery. These changes may be used as early surrogates for later joint damage in experimental OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virgínia Cláudia Carneiro Girão-Carmona
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Ceará, Postgraduate Program in Morphological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda Maria Aragão Ximenes Porto
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Ceará, Postgraduate Program in Morphological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Rodolfo de Melo Nunes
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Anelise Maria Costa Vasconcelos Alves
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Ceará, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Claudio Cabral Campello
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária of the Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Gerly Anne de Castro Brito
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Ceará, Postgraduate Program in Morphological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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4
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Luo X, Du G, Chen B, Yan G, Zhu L, Cui P, Dai H, Qi Z, Lan T. Novel immunosuppressive effect of FK506 by upregulation of PD-L1 via FKBP51 in heart transplantation. Scand J Immunol 2022; 96:e13203. [PMID: 35801698 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The calcineurin inhibitor-FK506-is a first-line immunosuppressant that regulates T-cell secretion of IL-2 and other cytokines. However, the mechanism of its protective effect on target cells and its role on tumor recurrence and interaction with anti-tumor immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as PD-L1 blocking, are still unclear. Here, in a murine heart transplantation model, we observed the upregulation of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression by FK506 in both dendritic cells (DCs) and allografts. Blocking PD-L1 during FK506 treatment increased IFN-γ and TNF-α expression, enhanced CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell proliferation, and suppressed Treg differentiation. Moreover, PD-L1 decreased T-cell infiltration and induced T cell apoptosis in both the spleen and graft. PD-L1 was not only required in FK506-mediated immunosuppression but also upregulated by FK506. Treatment with SAFit2, a FKBP51 selective inhibitor, reduced the expression of PD-L1 on DCs and the grafts and interfered with the immunosuppressive effect of FK506, suggesting that the mechanism depends on FK506-binding protein (FKBP) 51 expression. Overall, our results add new insights into the role of FK506, not only on T-cell cytokine secretion but also on co-inhibitory molecular regulation and target cell immune privilege.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Luo
- Medical College of Guangxi University, Nanning, China.,Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Fujian Province University, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Guicheng Du
- Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Fujian Province University, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Bingye Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Fujian Province University, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Guoliang Yan
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Luyao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Fujian Province University, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Pengcheng Cui
- Medical College of Guangxi University, Nanning, China.,Clinical Research Center for Organ Transplantation in Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Helong Dai
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Clinical Research Center for Organ Transplantation in Hunan Province, Changsha, China.,Clinical Immunology Center, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhongquan Qi
- Medical College of Guangxi University, Nanning, China.,Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Fujian Province University, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Tianshu Lan
- Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Fujian Province University, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China.,Institute of Respiratory diseases,Xiamen medical college
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5
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Jahr H, van der Windt AE, Timur UT, Baart EB, Lian WS, Rolauffs B, Wang FS, Pufe T. Physosmotic Induction of Chondrogenic Maturation Is TGF-β Dependent and Enhanced by Calcineurin Inhibitor FK506. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095110. [PMID: 35563498 PMCID: PMC9100228 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing extracellular osmolarity 100 mOsm/kg above plasma level to the physiological levels for cartilage induces chondrogenic marker expression and the differentiation of chondroprogenitor cells. The calcineurin inhibitor FK506 has been reported to modulate the hypertrophic differentiation of primary chondrocytes under such conditions, but the molecular mechanism has remained unclear. We aimed at clarifying its role. Chondrocyte cell lines and primary cells were cultured under plasma osmolarity and chondrocyte-specific in situ osmolarity (+100 mOsm, physosmolarity) was increased to compare the activation of nuclear factor of activated T-cells 5 (NFAT5). The effects of osmolarity and FK506 on calcineurin activity, cell proliferation, extracellular matrix quality, and BMP- and TGF-β signaling were analyzed using biochemical, gene, and protein expression, as well as reporter and bio-assays. NFAT5 translocation was similar in chondrocyte cell lines and primary cells. High supraphysiological osmolarity compromised cell proliferation, while physosmolarity or FK506 did not, but in combination increased proteoglycan and collagen expression in chondrocytes in vitro and in situ. The expression of the TGF-β-inducible protein TGFBI, as well as chondrogenic (SOX9, Col2) and terminal differentiation markers (e.g., Col10) were affected by osmolarity. Particularly, the expression of minor collagens (e.g., Col9, Col11) was affected. The inhibition of the FK506-binding protein suggests modulation at the TGF-β receptor level, rather than calcineurin-mediated signaling, as a cause. Physiological osmolarity promotes terminal chondrogenic differentiation of progenitor cells through the sensitization of the TGF-β superfamily signaling at the type I receptor. While hyperosmolarity alone facilitates TGF-β superfamily signaling, FK506 further enhances signaling by releasing the FKBP12 break from the type I receptor to improve collagenous marker expression. Our results help explain earlier findings and potentially benefit future cell-based cartilage repair strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Jahr
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (U.T.T.); (T.P.)
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-2418089525
| | - Anna E. van der Windt
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Ufuk Tan Timur
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (U.T.T.); (T.P.)
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Esther B. Baart
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Wei-Shiung Lian
- Core Laboratory for Phenomics and Diagnostics, Department of Medical Research, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (W.-S.L.); (F.-S.W.)
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Bernd Rolauffs
- G.E.R.N. Research Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University, 79085 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Feng-Sheng Wang
- Core Laboratory for Phenomics and Diagnostics, Department of Medical Research, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (W.-S.L.); (F.-S.W.)
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Thomas Pufe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (U.T.T.); (T.P.)
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6
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Sustained Intra-Articular Release and Biocompatibility of Tacrolimus (FK506) Loaded Monospheres Composed of [PDLA-PEG 1000]- b-[PLLA] Multi-Block Copolymers in Healthy Horse Joints. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13091438. [PMID: 34575514 PMCID: PMC8465142 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in controlled release systems for local therapy in the treatment of human and equine joint diseases, aiming for optimal intra-articular concentrations with no systemic side effects. In this study, the intra-articular tolerability and suitability for local and sustained release of tacrolimus (FK506) from monospheres composed of [PDLA-PEG1000]-b-PLLA multiblock copolymers were investigated. Unloaded and tacrolimus-loaded (18.4 mg tacrolimus/joint) monospheres were injected into the joints of six healthy horses, with saline and hyaluronic acid (HA) in the contralateral joints as controls. Blood and synovial fluid were analysed for the tacrolimus concentration and biomarkers for inflammation and cartilage metabolism. After an initial burst release, sustained intra-articular tacrolimus concentrations (>20 ng/mL) were observed during the 42 days follow-up. Whole-blood tacrolimus levels were below the detectable level (<0.5 ng/mL). A transient inflammatory reaction was observed for all substances, evidenced by increases of the synovial fluid white blood cell count and total protein. Prostaglandin and glycosaminoglycan release were increased in joints injected with unloaded monospheres, which was mitigated by tacrolimus. Both tacrolimus-loaded monospheres and HA transiently increased the concentration of collagen II cleavage products (C2C). A histologic evaluation of the joints at the endpoint showed no pathological changes in any of the conditions. Together, these results indicate the good biocompatibility of intra-articular applied tacrolimus-loaded monospheres combined with prolonged local drug release while minimising the risk of systemic side effects. Further evaluation in a clinical setting is needed to determine if tacrolimus-loaded monospheres can be beneficial in the treatment of inflammatory joint diseases in humans and animals.
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Aarntzen EHJG, Noriega-Álvarez E, Artiko V, Dias AH, Gheysens O, Glaudemans AWJM, Lauri C, Treglia G, van den Wyngaert T, van Leeuwen FWB, Terry SYA. EANM recommendations based on systematic analysis of small animal radionuclide imaging in inflammatory musculoskeletal diseases. EJNMMI Res 2021; 11:85. [PMID: 34487263 PMCID: PMC8421483 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-021-00820-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory musculoskeletal diseases represent a group of chronic and disabling conditions that evolve from a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors that cause perturbations in innate and adaptive immune responses. Understanding the pathogenesis of inflammatory musculoskeletal diseases is, to a large extent, derived from preclinical and basic research experiments. In vivo molecular imaging enables us to study molecular targets and to measure biochemical processes non-invasively and longitudinally, providing information on disease processes and potential therapeutic strategies, e.g. efficacy of novel therapeutic interventions, which is of complementary value next to ex vivo (post mortem) histopathological analysis and molecular assays. Remarkably, the large body of preclinical imaging studies in inflammatory musculoskeletal disease is in contrast with the limited reports on molecular imaging in clinical practice and clinical guidelines. Therefore, in this EANM-endorsed position paper, we performed a systematic review of the preclinical studies in inflammatory musculoskeletal diseases that involve radionuclide imaging, with a detailed description of the animal models used. From these reflections, we provide recommendations on what future studies in this field should encompass to facilitate a greater impact of radionuclide imaging techniques on the translation to clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik H J G Aarntzen
- Inflammation and Infection Committee EANM, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Edel Noriega-Álvarez
- Inflammation and Infection Committee EANM, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, General University Hospital of Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Vera Artiko
- Inflammation and Infection Committee EANM, Vienna, Austria
- Center for Nuclear Medicine Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - André H Dias
- Inflammation and Infection Committee EANM, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Olivier Gheysens
- Inflammation and Infection Committee EANM, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc and Institute of Clinical and Experimental Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Andor W J M Glaudemans
- Inflammation and Infection Committee EANM, Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen Medical Imaging Center, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Chiara Lauri
- Inflammation and Infection Committee EANM, Vienna, Austria
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and of Translational Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Treglia
- Inflammation and Infection Committee EANM, Vienna, Austria
- Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, Imaging Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Università Della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Tim van den Wyngaert
- Bone and Joint Committee EANM, Vienna, Austria
- Antwerp University Hospital Belgium, Edegem, Belgium
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp (MICA) - IPPON, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Fijs W B van Leeuwen
- Translational Molecular Imaging and Therapy Committee EANM, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Radiology, Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Samantha Y A Terry
- Inflammation and Infection Committee EANM, Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
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Li PL, Wang YX, Zhao ZD, Li ZL, Liang JW, Wang Q, Yin BF, Hao RC, Han MY, Ding L, Wu CT, Zhu H. Clinical-grade human dental pulp stem cells suppressed the activation of osteoarthritic macrophages and attenuated cartilaginous damage in a rabbit osteoarthritis model. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:260. [PMID: 33933140 PMCID: PMC8088312 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02353-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although increasing evidence has demonstrated that human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) are efficacious for the clinical treatment of skeletal disorders, the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common degenerative disorders in joints and is characterized by gradual and irreversible cartilaginous tissue damage. Notably, immune factors were newly identified to be closely related to OA development. In this study, we explored the modulatory effects of clinical-grade hDPSCs on osteoarthritic macrophages and their protective effects on cartilaginous tissues in OA joints. METHODS The cell morphology, immunophenotype, and inflammatory factor expression of osteoarthritic macrophages were explored by phase contrast microscope, transmission electron microscopy, immunostaining, flow cytometry, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Additionally, the factors and signaling pathways that suppressed macrophage activation by hDPSCs were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western-blotting. Furthermore, hDPSCs were administered to a rabbit knee OA model via intra-articular injection. Macrophage activation in vivo and cartilaginous tissue damage were also evaluated by pathological analysis. RESULTS We found that hDPSCs markedly inhibited osteoarthritic macrophage activation in vitro. The cell morphology, immunophenotype, and inflammatory factor expression of osteoarthritic macrophages changed into less inflammatory status in the presence of hDPSCs. Mechanistically, we observed that hDPSC-derived hepatocyte growth factor and transforming growth factor β1 mediated the suppressive effects on osteoarthritic macrophages. Moreover, phosphorylation of MAPK pathway proteins contributed to osteoarthritic macrophage activation, and hDPSCs suppressed their activation by partially inactivating those pathways. Most importantly, injected hDPSCs inhibited macrophage activation in osteochondral tissues in a rabbit knee OA model in vivo. Further histological analysis showed that hDPSCs alleviated cartilaginous damage to knee joints. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our findings reveal a novel function for hDPSCs in suppressing osteoarthritic macrophages and suggest that macrophages are efficient cellular targets of hDPSCs for alleviation of cartilaginous damage in OA. hDPSCs treat OA via an osteoarthritic macrophages-dependent mechanisms. hDPSCs suppress the activation of osteoarthritic macrophages in vitro and in vivo and alleviate cartilaginous lesions in OA models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Lin Li
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Road Taiping 27, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Xing Wang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Road Taiping 27, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
- The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
- People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Road Fuxing 28, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Dong Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Road Taiping 27, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
- People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Road Fuxing 28, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Ling Li
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Road Taiping 27, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Wu Liang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Road Taiping 27, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
- People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Road Fuxing 28, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
| | - Qian Wang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Road Taiping 27, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
- People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Road Fuxing 28, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
| | - Bo-Feng Yin
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Road Taiping 27, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
| | - Rui-Cong Hao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Road Taiping 27, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
- Graduate School of Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Shu Shan Qu, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Meng-Yue Han
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Road Taiping 27, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
- Graduate School of Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Shu Shan Qu, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Li Ding
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Road Taiping 27, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China.
- Medical Center of Air Forces, PLA, Road Fucheng 30, Beijing, 100142, P. R. China.
| | - Chu-Tse Wu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Road Taiping 27, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China.
| | - Heng Zhu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Road Taiping 27, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China.
- Graduate School of Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Shu Shan Qu, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, P. R. China.
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Makarczyk MJ, Gao Q, He Y, Li Z, Gold MS, Hochberg MC, Bunnell BA, Tuan RS, Goodman SB, Lin H. Current Models for Development of Disease-Modifying Osteoarthritis Drugs. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2021; 27:124-138. [PMID: 33403944 PMCID: PMC8098772 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2020.0309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a painful and disabling disease that affects millions of people worldwide. Symptom-alleviating treatments exist, although none with long-term efficacy. Furthermore, there are currently no disease-modifying OA drugs (DMOADs) with demonstrated efficacy in OA patients, which is, in part, attributed to a lack of full understanding of the pathogenesis of OA. The inability to translate findings from basic research to clinical applications also highlights the deficiencies in the available OA models at simulating the clinically relevant pathologies and responses to treatments in humans. In this review, the current status in the development of DMOADs will be first presented, with special attention to those in Phase II-IV clinical trials. Next, current in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo OA models are summarized and the respective advantages and disadvantages of each are highlighted. Of note, the development and application of microphysiological or tissue-on-a-chip systems for modeling OA in humans are presented and the issues that need to be addressed in the future are discussed. Microphysiological systems should be given serious consideration for their inclusion in the DMOAD development pipeline, both for their ability to predict drug safety and efficacy in human clinical trials at present, as well as for their potential to serve as a test platform for personalized medicine. Impact statement At present, no disease-modifying osteoarthritis (OA) drugs (DMOADs) have been approved for widespread clinical use by regulatory bodies. The failure of developing effective DMOADs is likely owing to multiple factors, not the least of which are the intrinsic differences between the intact human knee joint and the preclinical models. This work summarizes the current OA models for the development of DMOADs, discusses the advantages/disadvantages of each, and then proposes future model development to aid in the discovery of effective and personalized DMOADs. The review also highlights the microphysiological systems, which are emerging as a new platform for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meagan J. Makarczyk
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Qi Gao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, California, USA
| | - Yuchen He
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zhong Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael S. Gold
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mark C. Hochberg
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Bruce A. Bunnell
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Rocky S. Tuan
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Stuart B. Goodman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, California, USA
| | - Hang Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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10
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Ge J, Wang Y, Yan Q, Wu C, Yu H, Yang H, Zou J. FK506 Induces the TGF-β1/Smad 3 Pathway Independently of Calcineurin Inhibition to Prevent Intervertebral Disk Degeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:608308. [PMID: 33363168 PMCID: PMC7758291 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.608308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Intervertebral disk (IVD) degeneration is the most common cause of lower back pain. Inhibiting inflammation is a key strategy for delaying IVD degeneration. Tacrolimus (FK506) is a potent immunosuppressive agent that is also beneficial to chondrocytes via alleviating inflammation. However, the potential function of FK506 in IVD and the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. The current study is aim at exploring the underlying mechanism of FK506 in preventing IVD degeneration. Methods Cell morphology was imaged using an optical microscope. mRNA levels of nucleus pulposus (NP) matrix components were determined by qRT-PCR, and protein expression NP matrix components was assessed by western blotting. A rat caudal IVD degeneration model was established to test for FK506 in vivo. Results FK506 improved the morphology of NP cells and the cell function at both the mRNA and protein level. FK506 could attenuate NP degeneration induced by IL-1β. Furthermore, FK506 exerted its function via TGFβ/Smad3 activation instead of through calcineurin inhibition. Inhibition of the TGF-β pathway prevented the protective effect of FK506 on IVD degeneration. In an in vivo study, FK506 injection reversed the development of rat caudal IVD degeneration influenced by Smad3. Conclusion Our current study demonstrates the positive effect of FK506 on delaying the degeneration of IVD via the TGFβ/Smad3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ge
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yingjie Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qi Yan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Cenhao Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jun Zou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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11
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Chen Y, Yao F, Ming K, Shi J, Zeng L, Wang D, Wu Y, Hu Y, Liu J. Assessment of the Effect of Baicalin on Duck Virus Hepatitis. Curr Mol Med 2020; 19:376-386. [PMID: 30950349 DOI: 10.2174/1566524019666190405095301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Duck virus hepatitis (DVH) caused by duck hepatitis A virus type 1 (DHAV-1) is a malignant disease in ducklings, causing economic losses in the duck industry. However, there is still no antiviral drug against DHAV-1 in the clinic. OBJECTIVE Our aim is to investigate the anti-DHAV-1 effect of baicalin, which is a flavonoid derived from the Chinese medicinal herb huangqin (Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi). METHODS Here, we first detected its anti-DHAV-1 ability in vitro and in vivo. At the same time, the inhibition of baicalin on DHAV-1 reproduction was determined. Finally, we tested and verified the anti-oxidative and immuno-enhancing roles of baicalin on its curative effect on DVH. RESULTS Baicalin possessed anti-DHAV-1 effect. It improved the cytoactive of DEH which was infected by DHAV-1 as well as reduced the DHAV-1 reproduction in DEH. Under baicalin treatment, mortality of ducklings infected by DHAV-1 decreased, additionally the DHAV-1 level and liver injury in such ducklings were significantly reduced or alleviated. The in vitro mechanism study indicated baicalin inhibited DHAV-1 reproduction via interfering the viral replication and release. Furthermore, the in vivo mechanism study manifested both the anti-oxidative and immuno-enhancing abilities of baicalin, which played crucial roles in its curative effect on DVH. CONCLUSION This study may provide a scientific basis for developing baicalin as one or a part of the anti-DHAV-1 drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Chen
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Animal Genetic Engineering Key Lab of Haikou, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Fangke Yao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ke Ming
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jintong Shi
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ling Zeng
- Animal husbandry and Veterinary Bureau of Yuhang District of Hangzhou, Hangzhou 311100, China
| | - Deyun Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yuanliang Hu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jiaguo Liu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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12
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Zhang H, Cai D, Bai X. Macrophages regulate the progression of osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2020; 28:555-561. [PMID: 31982565 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2020.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OA is now well accepted as a low-grade inflammatory disease affecting the whole joint. In addition to mechanical loading, inflammation (particularly synovitis), contributes significantly to OA. Synovial macrophages act as immune cells and are of critical importance in the symptomology and structural progression of OA. Activated macrophages are regulated by mTOR, NF-κB, JNK, PI3K/Akt and other signaling pathways, and are polarized into either M1 or M2 subtypes in OA synovial tissues, synovial fluid, and peripheral blood. The activation state and the M1/M2 ratio is highly associated with OA severity. Aside from autocrine interactions, paracrine interactions between macrophages and chondrocytes play a vital role in the initiation and development of OA by secreting inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), which lead to subsequent cartilage degradation and destruction. Treatments targeting synovial macrophages relieve pain, and protect from synovitis, cartilage damage, and osteophyte formation during OA development. Macrophage reprogramming of transformation from the M1 to M2 subtype, more than a decrease in the quantity of activated macrophages, appears to be an effective treatment option for OA. This review provides a broad understanding of the contributions of polarized macrophages to joint health and disease. Multifunctional agents with immunomodulatory effects on macrophage reprogramming can skew the inflammatory microenvironment towards a pro-chondrogenic atmosphere, and are thus, potential therapeutic options for the treatment of OA and other immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Academy of Orthopedics·Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
| | - D Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Academy of Orthopedics·Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
| | - X Bai
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Academy of Orthopedics·Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China; Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, 510005, Guangzhou, China.
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13
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Chen Y, Yang Y, Wang F, Yang X, Yao F, Ming K, Yuan W, Zeng L, Liu J. Antiviral effect of baicalin phospholipid complex against duck hepatitis A virus type 1. Poult Sci 2018; 97:2722-2732. [PMID: 29757435 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Duck hepatitis A virus type 1 (DHAV-1) is one of the main pathogens of ducklings and causes a high mortality rate. Baicalin (BA) has potent antiviral effect, but the solubility is very poor. In order to increase the absorption, solubility, and pharmacological activity, the phospholipid complex was used to modify BA in present study. Therefore, BA phospholipid complex (BAPC) was prepared. The anti-DHAV-1 abilities of BA and BAPC in vitro was evaluated by cell counting kit-8 and reverse transcription quantitative PCR. The curative effects of BA and BAPC on ducklings which were infected by DHAV-1 in addition to the ALT and AST levels were also detected. The results indicated the anti-DHAV-1 ability of BAPC was stronger than that of BA both in vitro and in vivo. To explore the anti-DHAV-1 mechanism, the influence of BAPC on DHAV-1 adsorption, replication, and release was studied. Furthermore, the anti-oxidative and immuno-enhancing abilities of BAPC in the treatment of infected ducklings were also determined. The results showed BAPC inhibited DHAV-1 adsorption, replication and release. Furthermore, it played anti-oxidative and immno-enhancing roles in the treatment, and the immno-enhancing role was crucial to the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Chen
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P R China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Animal Genetic Engineering Key Lab of Haikou, Haikou 570228, P R China
| | - Y Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Animal Genetic Engineering Key Lab of Haikou, Haikou 570228, P R China
| | - F Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Animal Genetic Engineering Key Lab of Haikou, Haikou 570228, P R China
| | - X Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Animal Genetic Engineering Key Lab of Haikou, Haikou 570228, P R China
| | - F Yao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P R China
| | - K Ming
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P R China
| | - W Yuan
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P R China
| | - L Zeng
- Animal husbandry and Veterinary Bureau of Yuhang District of Hangzhou, Hangzhou 311100, PR China
| | - J Liu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P R China
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14
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Takahashi T, Sato M, Toyoda E, Maehara M, Takizawa D, Maruki H, Tominaga A, Okada E, Okazaki K, Watanabe M. Rabbit xenogeneic transplantation model for evaluating human chondrocyte sheets used in articular cartilage repair. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 12:2067-2076. [PMID: 30058138 PMCID: PMC6221121 DOI: 10.1002/term.2741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Research on cartilage regeneration has developed novel sources for human chondrocytes and new regenerative therapies, but appropriate animal models for translational research are needed. Although rabbit models are frequently used in such studies, the availability of immunocompromised rabbits is limited. Here, we investigated the usefulness of an immunosuppressed rabbit model to evaluate directly the efficacy of human chondrocyte sheets through xenogeneic transplantation. Human chondrocyte sheets were transplanted into knee osteochondral defects in Japanese white rabbits administered with immunosuppressant tacrolimus at a dosage of 0.8 or 1.6 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks. Histological evaluation at 4 weeks after transplantation in rabbits administered 1.6 mg/kg/day showed successful engraftment of human chondrocytes and cartilage regeneration involving a mixture of hyaline cartilage and fibrocartilage. No human chondrocytes were detected in rabbits administered 0.8 mg/kg/day, although regeneration of hyaline cartilage was confirmed. Histological evaluation at 12 weeks after transplantation (i.e., 8 weeks after termination of immunosuppression) showed strong immune rejection of human chondrocytes, which indicated that, even after engraftment, articular cartilage is not particularly immune privileged in xenogeneic transplantation. Our results suggest that Japanese white rabbits administered tacrolimus at 1.6 mg/kg/day and evaluated at 4 weeks may be useful as a preclinical model for the direct evaluation of human cell‐based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Takahashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Masato Sato
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Eriko Toyoda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Miki Maehara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Daichi Takizawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Maruki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokyo Women's University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayako Tominaga
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokyo Women's University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eri Okada
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Ken Okazaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokyo Women's University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
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Sandker MJ, Duque LF, Redout EM, Klijnstra EC, Steendam R, Kops N, Waarsing JH, van Weeren R, Hennink WE, Weinans H. Degradation, Intra-Articular Biocompatibility, Drug Release, and Bioactivity of Tacrolimus-Loaded Poly(d-l-lactide-PEG)-b-poly(l-lactide) Multiblock Copolymer-Based Monospheres. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:2390-2403. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria J. Sandker
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus Medical Centre, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Orthopaedics, UMC Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Luisa F. Duque
- InnoCore Pharmaceuticals, L.J. Zielstraweg 1, 9713 GX Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Everaldo M. Redout
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Evelien C. Klijnstra
- InnoCore Pharmaceuticals, L.J. Zielstraweg 1, 9713 GX Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rob Steendam
- InnoCore Pharmaceuticals, L.J. Zielstraweg 1, 9713 GX Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole Kops
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus Medical Centre, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan H. Waarsing
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus Medical Centre, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rene van Weeren
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wim E. Hennink
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3512 JE Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Harrie Weinans
- Department of Orthopaedics and Department of Rheumatology, UMC Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, TUDelft, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
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Varela-Eirin M, Loureiro J, Fonseca E, Corrochano S, Caeiro JR, Collado M, Mayan MD. Cartilage regeneration and ageing: Targeting cellular plasticity in osteoarthritis. Ageing Res Rev 2018; 42:56-71. [PMID: 29258883 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Ageing processes play a major contributing role for the development of Osteoarthritis (OA). This prototypic degenerative condition of ageing is the most common form of arthritis and is accompanied by a general decline, chronic pain and mobility deficits. The disease is primarily characterized by articular cartilage degradation, followed by subchondral bone thickening, osteophyte formation, synovial inflammation and joint degeneration. In the early stages, osteoarthritic chondrocytes undergo phenotypic changes that increase cell proliferation and cluster formation and enhance the production of matrix-remodelling enzymes. In fact, chondrocytes exhibit differentiation plasticity and undergo phenotypic changes during the healing process. Current studies are focusing on unravelling whether OA is a consequence of an abnormal wound healing response. Recent investigations suggest that alterations in different proteins, such as TGF-ß/BMPs, NF-Kß, Wnt, and Cx43, or SASP factors involved in signalling pathways in wound healing response, could be directly implicated in the initiation of OA. Several findings suggest that osteoarthritic chondrocytes remain in an immature state expressing stemness-associated cell surface markers. In fact, the efficacy of new disease-modifying OA drugs that promote chondrogenic differentiation in animal models indicates that this may be a drug-sensible state. In this review, we highlight the current knowledge regarding cellular plasticity in chondrocytes and OA. A better comprehension of the mechanisms involved in these processes may enable us to understand the molecular pathways that promote abnormal repair and cartilage degradation in OA. This understanding would be advantageous in identifying novel targets and designing therapies to promote effective cartilage repair and successful joint ageing by preventing functional limitations and disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Varela-Eirin
- CellCOM research group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Universidade da Coruña (UDC), Xubias de Arriba, 84, 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Jesus Loureiro
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Eduardo Fonseca
- CellCOM research group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Universidade da Coruña (UDC), Xubias de Arriba, 84, 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | | | - Jose R Caeiro
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Manuel Collado
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Maria D Mayan
- CellCOM research group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Universidade da Coruña (UDC), Xubias de Arriba, 84, 15006 A Coruña, Spain.
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17
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Contrast enhanced μCT imaging of early articular changes in a pre-clinical model of osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2018; 26:118-127. [PMID: 29107695 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2017.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to characterize early osteoarthritis (OA) development in cartilage and bone tissues in the rat medial meniscus transection (MMT) model using non-destructive equilibrium partitioning of an ionic contrast agent micro-computed tomography (EPIC-μCT) imaging. Cartilage fibrillation, one of the first physiological developments in OA, was quantified in the rat tibial plateau as three-dimensional (3D) cartilage surface roughness using a custom surface-rendering algorithm. METHODS Male Lewis rats underwent MMT or sham-operation in the left leg. At 1- and 3-weeks post-surgery, the animals (n = 7-8 per group) were euthanized and the left legs were scanned using EPIC-μCT imaging to quantify cartilage and bone parameters. In addition, a custom algorithm was developed to measure the roughness of 3D surfaces. This algorithm was validated and used to quantify cartilage surface roughness changes as a function of time post-surgery. RESULTS MMT surgery resulted in significantly greater cartilage damage and subchondral bone sclerosis with the damage increasing in both severity and area from 1- to 3-weeks post-surgery. Analysis of rendered 3D surfaces could accurately distinguish early changes in joints developing OA, detecting significant increases of 45% and 124% in surface roughness at 1- and 3-weeks post-surgery respectively. CONCLUSION Disease progression in the MMT model progresses sequentially through changes in the cartilage articular surface, extracellular matrix composition, and then osteophyte mineralization and subchondral bone sclerosis. Cartilage surface roughness is a quantitative, early indicator of degenerative joint disease in small animal OA models and can potentially be used to evaluate therapeutic strategies.
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18
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Arbabi V, Pouran B, Weinans H, Zadpoor AA. Transport of Neutral Solute Across Articular Cartilage: The Role of Zonal Diffusivities. J Biomech Eng 2015; 137:2210662. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4030070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Transport of solutes through diffusion is an important metabolic mechanism for the avascular cartilage tissue. Three types of interconnected physical phenomena, namely mechanical, electrical, and chemical, are all involved in the physics of transport in cartilage. In this study, we use a carefully designed experimental-computational setup to separate the effects of mechanical and chemical factors from those of electrical charges. Axial diffusion of a neutral solute (Iodixanol) into cartilage was monitored using calibrated microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) images for up to 48 hr. A biphasic-solute computational model was fitted to the experimental data to determine the diffusion coefficients of cartilage. Cartilage was modeled either using one single diffusion coefficient (single-zone model) or using three diffusion coefficients corresponding to superficial, middle, and deep cartilage zones (multizone model). It was observed that the single-zone model cannot capture the entire concentration-time curve and under-predicts the near-equilibrium concentration values, whereas the multizone model could very well match the experimental data. The diffusion coefficient of the superficial zone was found to be at least one order of magnitude larger than that of the middle zone. Since neutral solutes were used, glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content cannot be the primary reason behind such large differences between the diffusion coefficients of the different cartilage zones. It is therefore concluded that other features of the different cartilage zones such as water content and the organization (orientation) of collagen fibers may be enough to cause large differences in diffusion coefficients through the cartilage thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Arbabi
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, Delft 2628CD, The Netherlands e-mail:
| | - B. Pouran
- Department of Orthopedics, UMC Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht 3584CX, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, Delft 2628CD, The Netherlands
| | - H. Weinans
- Department of Orthopedics and Department of Rheumatology, UMC Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht 3584CX, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, 2628CD, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - A. A. Zadpoor
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, Delft 2628CD, The Netherlands
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19
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Chen Y, Zeng L, Xiong W, Song M, Du H, Wang Y, Ming K, Wu Y, Wang D, Hu Y, Liu J. Anti-duck virus hepatitis mechanisms of Bush Sophora Root polysaccharide and its sulfate verified by intervention experiments. Virus Res 2015; 204:58-67. [PMID: 25901935 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2015.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In our previous study, Bush Sophora Root polysaccharide (BSRPS) and its sulfate (sBSRPS) exhibited anti-duck virus hepatitis (DVH) abilities as well as anti-oxidative and immuno-enhancement effects. The aim of this paper was to ulteriorly investigate the exact anti-DVH mechanisms of BSRPS and sBSRPS by intervention experiments. Hinokitiol and FK506 were used as the pro-oxidant and immunosuppressant, respectively. The dynamic deaths, oxidative and immune evaluation indexes and hepatic pathological change scores were detected. When was intervened by hinokitiol, sBSRPS still possessed therapeutic effect while BSPRS was useless. Under the condition of immunosuppression, BSRPS lost a part role in treating DVH; however such a role of sBSRPS completely exhausted. These results suggested both anti-oxidative and immuno-enhancement effects of BSRPS played roles in healing DVH, and the former was more crucial; unlike BSRPS, only immuno-enhancement ability of sBSRPS was imperative for its curative effect on DVH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Chen
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Ling Zeng
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Wen Xiong
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Meiyun Song
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Hongxu Du
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yixuan Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Ke Ming
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yi Wu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Deyun Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yuanliang Hu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Jiaguo Liu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
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20
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Abstract
Articular cartilage is a unique load-bearing connective tissue with a low intrinsic capacity for repair and regeneration. Its avascularity makes it relatively hypoxic and its unique extracellular matrix is enriched with cations, which increases the interstitial fluid osmolarity. Several physicochemical and biomechanical stimuli are reported to influence chondrocyte metabolism and may be utilized for regenerative medical approaches. In this review article, we summarize the most relevant stimuli and describe how ion channels may contribute to cartilage homeostasis, with special emphasis on intracellular signaling pathways. We specifically focus on the role of calcium signaling as an essential mechanotransduction component and highlight the role of phosphatase signaling in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Jahr
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- The D-BOARD European Consortium for Biomarker Discovery, Surrey, UK
| | - Csaba Matta
- The D-BOARD European Consortium for Biomarker Discovery, Surrey, UK
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Duke of Kent Building, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH UK
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen, 4032 Hungary
| | - Ali Mobasheri
- The D-BOARD European Consortium for Biomarker Discovery, Surrey, UK
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Duke of Kent Building, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH UK
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, Medical Research Council and Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Nottingham, Queen’s Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH UK
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Fahd Medical Research Center (KFMRC), King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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21
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Almasry SM, Soliman HM, El-Tarhouny SA, Algaidi SA, Ragab EM. Platelet rich plasma enhances the immunohistochemical expression of platelet derived growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor in the synovium of the meniscectomized rat models of osteoarthritis. Ann Anat 2014; 197:38-49. [PMID: 25466931 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This study was carried out on a rat model of surgically-induced osteoarthritis (OA) to assess the histological and immunohistochemical changes in the synovial membrane and to evaluate the effects of intra-articular injection of platelet rich plasma (PRP) in such cases. Forty five male albino rats were divided into 3 equal groups; control, surgically-induced OA and surgically-induced OA followed by intra-articular injection of PRP. Knee joints were processed for histological and immunohistochemical staining with anti-platelet derived growth factor (PDGF-A) and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the area percentages of immunostaining were measured by digital image analysis. Serum levels of PDGF-A and VEGF were analyzed by ELISA. The osteoarthritis research society international (OARSI) score was significantly higher in OA (2433.8±254) than in control (230.4±37.8; p<0.001) and in PRP-treated tissues (759.7±45.8; p<0.001). The immunostained area percentages for PDGF-A was significantly higher in PRP-treated tissues (20.6±2.4) than in OA (11.06±1.3; p=0.007) and in control tissues (4.1±0.78; p<0.001). Likewise, the immunostained area percentage for VEGF was significantly higher in PRP-treated tissues (22.5±1.6) than in OA (14.9±1; p=0. 002) and in control tissues (6.5±0.7; p<0.001). ELISA analysis revealed a significant increase in serum levels of the PDGF-A and VEGF after intraarticular PRP injection when compared to the other groups (p<0.000). The present study concluded that intra-articular injection of PRP could produce optimizing effects in surgically induced OA in the form of; decreasing the OARSI score, improving the inflammatory events in synovium and modulating the PDGF-A and VEGF serum levels and synovial tissue immunoexpression. These effects could be reflected positively on the associated chondral defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaima M Almasry
- Department of Anatomy, Taibah University, Almadinah Almonawarah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Almansoura University, Almansoura, Egypt.
| | - Hala M Soliman
- Department of Anatomy, Taibah University, Almadinah Almonawarah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Shereen A El-Tarhouny
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Taibah University, Almadinah Almonawarah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Sami A Algaidi
- Department of Anatomy, Taibah University, Almadinah Almonawarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ehab M Ragab
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Al Azhar University, Assuit Branch, Cairo, Egypt
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22
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Matta C, Mobasheri A, Gergely P, Zákány R. Ser/Thr-phosphoprotein phosphatases in chondrogenesis: neglected components of a two-player game. Cell Signal 2014; 26:2175-85. [PMID: 25007994 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation plays a determining role in the regulation of chondrogenesis in vitro. While signalling pathways governed by protein kinases including PKA, PKC, and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) have been mapped in great details, published data relating to the specific role of phosphoprotein phosphatases (PPs) in differentiating chondroprogenitor cells or in mature chondrocytes is relatively sparse. This review discusses the known functions of Ser/Thr-specific PPs in the molecular signalling pathways of chondrogenesis. PPs are clearly equally important as protein kinases to counterbalance the effect of reversible protein phosphorylation. Of the main Ser/Thr PPs, some of the functions of PP1, PP2A and PP2B have been characterised in the context of chondrogenesis. While PP1 and PP2A appear to negatively regulate chondrogenic differentiation and maintenance of chondrocyte phenotype, calcineurin is an important stimulatory mediator during chondrogenesis but becomes inhibitory in mature chondrocytes. Furthermore, PPs are implicated to be mediators during the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis that makes them potential therapeutic targets to be exploited in the close future. Among the many yet unexplored targets of PPs, modulation of plasma membrane ion channel function and participation in mechanotransduction pathways are emerging novel aspects of signalling during chondrogenesis that should be further elucidated. Besides the regulation of cellular ion homeostasis, other potentially significant novel roles for PPs during the regulation of in vitro chondrogenesis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Matta
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary; School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Duke of Kent Building, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, United Kingdom.
| | - Ali Mobasheri
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Duke of Kent Building, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, United Kingdom; Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, Medical Research Council and Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, United Kingdom; Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Fahd Medical Research Center (KFMRC), King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Pál Gergely
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Róza Zákány
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary
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