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Moriya PT, de Carvalho KKT, Kishen A, Souza EM, Versiani MA. Dynamic Photoelastic Analysis of Stress Distribution in Simulated Canals Using Rotary Instruments with Varied Tip and Taper Sizes: A Quasi-3D Approach. J Endod 2024:S0099-2399(24)00303-0. [PMID: 38796056 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2024.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To compare the stress produced on the walls of simulated canals by rotary instruments with varied tip and taper sizes. METHODS Ninety isotropic transparent blocks, each containing a 60-degree curved canal, were distributed into 18 groups (n=5) based on the instrument tip (sizes 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35) and taper (sizes 0.02, 0.04, 0.06). The blocks were fixed in a circular polariscope setup for dark field analysis. A digital camera was employed to capture the real-time birefringence patterns generated by each instrument. Digital image frames, corresponding to the instrument reaching the end of each canal third, were extracted and evaluated by 2 independent observers for the stress generation on canal walls. The data analysis employed a semi-quantitative scale ranging from 0 to 5. Cohen's Kappa coefficient test was used to determine the inter-observer agreement while the results were compared using Kruskal-Wallis test followed by an all-pairwise post hoc procedure (α=5%). RESULTS Inter-observer agreement was 0.95. A significant influence of the tip size on stress was observed across the coronal (P=0.011), middle (P=0.006), and apical (P=0.026) thirds. In contrast, taper size did not affect the stress induced at the coronal (P=0.509), middle (P=0.958), or apical (P=0.493) thirds. The variations in tip and taper sizes did not result in a significant stress differences among the thirds (P=0.181). CONCLUSIONS The stress significantly increased across all canal thirds with larger tip sizes of rotary instruments, whereas the taper sizes did not influence the stress when compared the canal thirds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anil Kishen
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada
| | - Erick M Souza
- Department of Dentistry II, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Marco A Versiani
- Dental Specialty Centre, Brazilian Military Police, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Kudryashov D, Versiani MA. Clinical strategies for successful palato-mesiobuccal canal management-Report of 2 cases. Int Endod J 2024. [PMID: 38687130 DOI: 10.1111/iej.14076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
AIM To describe the management of the palato-mesiobuccal (PMB) canal in maxillary second molars with fused roots using conventional techniques. SUMMARY Root canal treatment success hinges upon effectively addressing the intricate and variable anatomy of molar teeth. Failure to do so can lead to persistent infections and treatment failure. Recent advancements in imaging technologies have provided unparalleled insights into dental anatomy, especially in molars. Among these discoveries is the PMB canal, a unique anatomical variant recently reported for the first time in Endodontic literature. This canal, found in maxillary second molars with fused roots and originating from the coronal third of the palatal canal while traversing towards the mesiobuccal root presents challenges in clinical management due to its location. This article is the first to showcase the management of the PMB canal using conventional techniques. In the first case, a 38-year-old male patient presented with asymptomatic irreversible pulpitis in the maxillary second right molar. Following thorough instrumentation and irrigation, the presence of the PMB canal was discovered during root canal preparation. The canal was managed using rotary instruments and obturated successfully, resulting in a symptom-free tooth at an 8-year follow-up. The second case illustrates a similar scenario in a 23-year-old female patient presenting with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis in tooth 17. The PMB canal was identified during treatment and managed using rotary nickel-titanium instruments, leading to a favourable outcome at a 9-year follow-up. KEY LEARNING POINTS In fused roots of maxillary second molars, a PMB canal might be expected. Exploration of the buccal wall of the palatal canal under magnification after shaping procedures can reveal the PMB canal orifice in fused roots. Small tapers are suggested for the enlargement of the PMB canal. Continuous bleeding spots in the palatal canal might indicate a possible PMB canal orifice in vital cases. The use of an apex locator is suggested for the differential diagnosis of the PMB canal orifice from a perforation site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Kudryashov
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, Samara State Medical University, Samara, Russian Federation
| | - Marco A Versiani
- Dental Specialty Centre, Brazilian Military Police, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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AbuMostafa A, Alrefaie MM, Abu-Mostafa N, Algahtani FN. Microcomputed tomography analysis of curved root canal preparation when coronal flaring and glide path files used with heat-treated nickel titanium rotary files. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299896. [PMID: 38568900 PMCID: PMC10990200 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective was to evaluate the effect of glide path and coronal flaring on the dentin volume removal and percentage of touched walls in curved canals using two heat-treated rotary files. The mesiobuccal canal of forty-eight, randomly selected, extracted mandibular molars was divided into two groups of 24 each, according to the type of instrument used (RACE EVO and EdgeSequel rotary files). Each group was further divided into three subgroups; Group (A): Control using one file shaped to 04/30, Group (B) with a glide path (EdgeGlidePath (EGP)), and Group (C): with a glide path and coronal flaring (EGP and EdgeTaper Platinum (ETP) SX file respectively). The root canals were then instrumented using the assigned instruments. The assessment was carried out using micro-CT. The comparison of the mean values of the tested groups about dentin volume removal and percentage of untouched walls did not reach statistical significance (p<0.05). Glide path and coronal flaring had an insignificant effect on the dentin volume removal and percentage of untouched walls in curved canals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammar AbuMostafa
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M. Alrefaie
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ministry of Health, Riyadh Third Cluster, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nedal Abu-Mostafa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Science, College of Dentistry, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahda N. Algahtani
- Department of Clinical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Chidambaram JVN, Jayaprakash J, Arangannal P. Volumetric Analysis of Various Pediatric Rotary Files in the Preparation of Primary Root Canals Using Cone-beam Computed Tomography. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024; 17:15-20. [PMID: 38559863 PMCID: PMC10978504 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim This study was planned to evaluate and compare the cleaning efficacy of three pediatric rotary files with the standard Protaper adult file system in primary teeth using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and methods A total of 40 extracted deciduous second molars, with palatal/mesial roots having at least two-thirds of root length and an intact furcation area, were distributed randomly among four groups, with each group containing 10 teeth. Canal preparation of group I (Pro AF Baby Gold), group II (Kedo SG Blue), group III (Prime Pedo), and group IV (Protaper) was done. Pre- and postoperative CBCT images were taken. The volumetric changes of the root canals were assessed and subjected to statistical analysis using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16 and R Studio 3.1.1. Volumetric changes within the groups were analyzed using paired t-tests and between the groups using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results The comparison of mean volume difference between groups using ANOVA was statistically significant with F = 4.467, p = 0.002. A Tukey post hoc test revealed that group IV was statistically significant compared with groups I (p = 0.033) and III (p = 0.008) but was not statistically significant with group II (p = 0.170). There was no statistically significant difference in volumetric changes within the three pediatric rotary file systems. Conclusion Protaper removed more dentin than all the pediatric rotary files, but it was not statistically significant over Kedo SG Blue. Among the pediatric rotary files, Kedo SG Blue removed more dentin than Pro AF Baby Gold and Prime Pedo, but they were not statistically significant. How to cite this article Nainer Chidambaram JV, Jayaprakash J, Arangannal P. Volumetric Analysis of Various Pediatric Rotary Files in the Preparation of Primary Root Canals Using Cone-beam Computed Tomography. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024;17(1):15-20.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeevarathan Jayaprakash
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Sree Balaji Dental College & Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ponnudurai Arangannal
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Sree Balaji Dental College & Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Moriya PT, de Carvalho KKT, Kishen A, Souza EM, Versiani MA. Quasi-3D dynamic photoelastic analysis of stress distribution during preparation of simulated canals with 13 mechanical preparation systems. Int Endod J 2023; 56:1399-1411. [PMID: 37566206 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study is to compare the stress produced on the internal walls of simulated canals by nine rotary and four reciprocating systems. METHODOLOGY Sixty-five isotropic transparent blocks containing a 60° curved and tapered simulated canal were selected and distributed into 13 groups (n = 5) according to the preparation system: BioRace, HyFlex EDM, iRaCe, Mtwo, One RECI, ProTaper Next, RaCe EVO, Reciproc, Reciproc Blue, R-Motion, VDW.ROTATE, XP-Endo Rise Shaper, and XP-Endo Shaper. Each resin block was mounted in a vice and a digital camera recorded the entire sequence of each preparation system through a circular polariscope set for dark field analysis. The video frames when each instrument reached the end of the coronal, middle, and apical thirds of the canal were extracted from the recordings and analysed by two independent observers regarding the stress generated on the canal walls using a semi-quantitative evaluation on a 0-5 scale. Intra- and inter-observer agreement were subjected to the Cohen's Kappa coefficient test, whilst the experimental results were compared using Kruskal-Wallis test post hoc pairwise comparisons with Bonferroni correction (α = 5%). RESULTS The inter- and intra-observer agreement were 0.98 and 1, respectively. Most instruments demonstrated acceptable performance (scores ≤ 2) in all thirds. Other instruments, such as the HyFlex EDM 25.12 (coronal and middle thirds), Reciproc Blue R25 and Reciproc R25 (coronal and apical thirds), R-Motion 30.04 (apical third), and VDW.ROTATE 20.05 (apical third) showed scores higher than 3. Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference amongst the tested systems at the coronal, middle, and apical thirds (p < .05). CONCLUSION None of the canal instrumentation protocols were stress-free, showing varying levels of stress concentrations. Various factors seemed to influence the magnitude of stress and its distribution pattern on the canal walls. Overall, instruments characterized by a larger taper, lower speed, reciprocating motion, and made of heat-treated NiTi alloy exhibited higher patterns of stress distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anil Kishen
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Erick M Souza
- Department of Dentistry II, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| | - Marco A Versiani
- Dental Specialty Centre, Brazilian Military Police, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Pedullà E, La Rosa GRM, Romano G, Leanza G, Rapisarda S, Isola G, Ferlito S, Neelakantan P, Generali L. Influence of kinematics and incidence angles on the cutting efficiency of two single-file nickel-titanium rotary instruments. AUST ENDOD J 2022; 48:58-64. [PMID: 34258843 PMCID: PMC9290840 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
To compare the cutting efficiency of F6 Sky Taper (F6ST) and One Curve (OC) with different kinematics and cutting inclinations. Cutting efficiency of 80 new F6ST and OC was tested at 90° and 70° inclination in relation to the sample, in continuous rotation and reciprocation, against standardised gypsum samples for 120 seconds using a customised device. Data expressed as weight loss and length of the sample cut were analysed using two-way analysis of variance and Tukey t-test (P<.05). F6ST showed significantly higher cutting efficiency in reciprocation, while OC in continuous rotation. Regardless of inclination, F6ST showed statistically higher values than OC in reciprocation, while OC exhibited higher cutting ability in continuous rotation. The 70° inclination significantly improved the cutting efficiency of both files. Reciprocation improved the cutting efficiency of F6ST while continuous rotation enhanced cutting ability of OC. An inclined insertion improved the cutting ability, independently from the movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Pedullà
- Department of General Surgery and Medical ‐ Surgical SpecialtiesUniversity of CataniaCataniaItaly
| | - Giusy Rita Maria La Rosa
- Department of General Surgery and Medical ‐ Surgical SpecialtiesUniversity of CataniaCataniaItaly
| | - Giuseppe Romano
- Department of General Surgery and Medical ‐ Surgical SpecialtiesUniversity of CataniaCataniaItaly
| | - Giuseppe Leanza
- Department of General Surgery and Medical ‐ Surgical SpecialtiesUniversity of CataniaCataniaItaly
| | - Silvia Rapisarda
- Department of General Surgery and Medical ‐ Surgical SpecialtiesUniversity of CataniaCataniaItaly
| | - Gaetano Isola
- Department of General Surgery and Medical ‐ Surgical SpecialtiesUniversity of CataniaCataniaItaly
| | - Sebastiano Ferlito
- Department of General Surgery and Medical ‐ Surgical SpecialtiesUniversity of CataniaCataniaItaly
| | - Prasanna Neelakantan
- Discipline of EndodontologyFaculty of DentistryThe University of Hong KongThe Prince Philip Dental HospitalHong Kong SARChina
| | - Luigi Generali
- Endodontic SectionDepartment of Surgery, MedicineDentistry and Morphological Sciences with Transplant Surgery, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine Relevance (CHIMOMO)School of DentistryUniversity of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModenaItaly
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Almohareb RA, Barakat R, Albohairy F. New heat-treated vs electropolished nickel-titanium instruments used in root canal treatment: Influence of autoclave sterilization on surface roughness. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265226. [PMID: 35303004 PMCID: PMC8932584 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nickel-titanium (NiTi) instruments used to treat root canal infections are affected by autoclave sterilization in various ways. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of autoclave sterilization on two NiTi rotary instruments that undergo different manufacturing treatments: The electro-polished Race and the heat-treated Race Evo, using scanning electron microscope analysis. In this in-vitro study, Race and Race-Evo instruments were subjected to a number of autoclaving cycles (0, 1, 3, 5, and 10). Scanning electron microscopy images were obtained at 3 mm from the tip of the file at 450x and 1000x magnifications. Surface roughness parameters were measured using ImageJ software. The results showed that autoclave sterilization caused a significant decrease in conventional NiTi Race surface roughness. While in Race Evo, surface roughness increased following the first autoclaving cycle. After 10 autoclaving cycles, surface roughness significantly decreased for both Race and Race Evo files.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahaf A. Almohareb
- Department of Clinical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Barakat
- Department of Clinical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- * E-mail:
| | - Fatimah Albohairy
- Fatima Albohairy, Electron Microscope Research Unit, Health Sciences Research Center, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Arias A, Peters OA. Present Status and Future Directions - Canal Shaping. Int Endod J 2022; 55 Suppl 3:637-655. [PMID: 35118683 PMCID: PMC9303733 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This narrative review will focus on the evolution, present and future of engine‐driven root canal preparation. Root canal preparation changed drastically when Walia in 1988 introduced the use of nickel‐titanium (NiTi) alloys in Endodontics. In 2013, five generations of NiTi endodontic instruments had been established based on their metallurgical, mechanical properties and design features. Since then, manufacturers have been introducing further major changes in instrument design and characteristics that have not been translated in new recognized generations of instruments. In general, those changes have demonstrated enhanced instrument properties, but it is not clear yet if all those improvements are directly translated to an improvement in clinical success. This narrative review attempts to address the present status of engine‐driven instruments in terms of both evidence from laboratory‐based studies and clinical data, to identify potential further generations of instruments, and last to anticipate future directions for research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Arias
- School of Dentistry, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - O A Peters
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
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Schäfer E, Bürklein S, Donnermeyer D. A critical analysis of research methods and experimental models to study the physical properties of NiTi instruments and their fracture characteristics. Int Endod J 2021; 55 Suppl 1:72-94. [PMID: 34862796 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this review is to provide a critical overview of the physical properties (surface hardness, cutting efficiency, bending properties, flexibility and cyclic fatigue resistance) of NiTi instruments. Frequently used experimental models regarding these aspects will be presented and discussed with regard to their strengths and weaknesses. For all these aspects, a plethora of experimental models have been described. Based on a critical appraisal and especially taking the appropriate translation of experimental findings to clinical endodontics into account, suggestions for future research based on clearly defined and valid experimental methodologies will be provided. Up to now, very few attempts have been made to assess which particular physical properties of NiTi instruments exert an impact on the clinical outcome of root canal treatment. Departure from merely focusing on physical properties and fracture characteristics towards more biological aspects in terms of treatment outcome is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Schäfer
- Central Interdisciplinary Ambulance in the School of Dentistry, Münster, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bürklein
- Central Interdisciplinary Ambulance in the School of Dentistry, Münster, Germany
| | - David Donnermeyer
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, Westphalian Wilhelms-University, Münster, Germany
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Kapse BS, Nagmode PS, Vishwas JR, Karpe HB, Basatwar HV, Godge SP. Cone-beam Computed Tomographic Analysis of Canal Transportation and Centering Ability of Three Different Nickel-Titanium Rotary File Systems. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.5666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM: The aim of the present study was to compare the canal transportation and centering ability of three rotary nickel-titanium file systems, HyFlex controlled memory, Revo-S, and Mtwo in moderately curved root canals using computed tomography (CT).
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty freshly extracted single-rooted teeth having curved root canals with at least 10°–20° of curvature were selected. The teeth were divided into three experimental groups of ten each. After preparation with HyFlex CM (Coltene-Whaledent, Allstetten, Switzerland), Revo-S (Micro-Mega, Besançon, France), and Mtwo (VDW, Munich, Germany) all teeth were scanned using CT to determine the root canal shape. Pre- and post-instrumentation images were obtained at three levels, 3 mm apical, 9 mm middle, and 15 mm coronal above the apical foramen were compared using CT software. Amount of transportation and centering ability were assessed. The three groups were statistically compared with analysis of variance and post-hoc Tukey’s honestly significant difference test.
RESULTS: Least apical transportation and higher centering ability were seen in HyFlex CM file system in all the three sections followed by Revo-S, Mtwo file system showed maximum transportation.
CONCLUSIONS: According to the present in-vitro study, we can conclude that HyFlex CM rotary file systems showed least canal transportation and highest centering ability as compared to Revo-S and Mtwo file system but there was no statistically significant difference among these file systems (p > 0.05) at coronal, middle, and apical level of root canal.
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Chatterjee S, Desai P, Mukherjee S, Mazumdar P, Sengupta P. Evaluation of debris and smear layer formation using three different NI-TI rotary instrument systems: An in vitro scanning electron microscope study. J Conserv Dent 2021; 24:568-575. [PMID: 35558662 PMCID: PMC9089777 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_510_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of the study is to evaluate of debris and smear layer formation after using rotary ProTaper Universal, Twisted File, and XP Endo file systems under scanning electron microscope. Materials and Methods: Forty freshly extracted mandibular second premolar teeth were taken to decoronate at the cementoenamel junction to make the remaining root length 15 mm. Specimens were divided into four groups of 10 teeth each, Group I (control) – no instrumentation. Group II – ProTaper Universal rotary file (F2), Group III – twisted file (ISO size 0.25 and 6% taper), Group IV – XP Endo file (ISO size 0.25). During instrumentation, 5 ml normal saline was used as irrigating agent. Grooves parallel to the longitudinal axis of the root were made on the mesial and distal surface of each specimen to split it into two halves and examined under scanning electron microscope at ×1500 and ×5000 magnification. Photomicrographs were taken to evaluate debris and smear layer. Evaluation of photomicrographs was done using a score index. Results: One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare more than one means at a time. Tukey's critical difference followed by ANOVA was used to compare the mean values pair wise. P <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Among all the file systems, Group II showed maximum amount of debris (3.50 ± 1.109) followed by Group III (2.83 ± 1.238) and least amount was showed by Group IV (2.65 ± 1.122) at all levels (cervical, middle, and apical third). Among all the experimental groups, Group II showed maximum amount of smear layer (2.75 ± 1.149) followed by Group III (2.40 ± 0.982) and least amount of smear layer shown by Group IV (2.10 ± 0.841) at all levels (cervical, middle and apical third), the result was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusions: At all the levels (cervical third, middle third, and apical third), among all the experimental groups, highest amount of debris and smear layer was formed by ProTaper Universal rotary file followed by Twisted file and least amount showed by XP Endo file system. In all the levels, control group showed highest amount of debris but least amount of smear layer.
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Purba R, Sonarkar SS, Podar R, Singh S, Babel S, Kulkarni G. Comparative evaluation of retreatment techniques by using different file systems from oval-shaped canals. J Conserv Dent 2020; 23:91-96. [PMID: 33223649 PMCID: PMC7657436 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_167_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Endodontic failure resolves after complete removal of obturating material followed by disinfection, cleaning, shaping and three-dimensional obturation. Materials and Methods: Seventy single-rooted mandibular premolars, with single oval-shaped root canal were included. They were decoronated at a length of 16 mm from the apex. Shaping and cleaning were performed, and obturation was done using the warm lateral compaction technique. The teeth were divided into seven groups according to retreatment procedures (Hand files; ProTaper Universal retreatment files; MTwo® Retreatment system; R-Endo® Retreatment system; ProTaper Universal retreatment files with solvent and ultrasonics; MTwo® R with solvent, and ultrasonics and R-Endo® with solvent and ultrasonics). The data were obtained and subjected to the statistical analysis. Results: All instrumentation techniques left obturating material with least in Group 6 and maximum Group 5. The mean time taken for complete retreatment procedure was minimum in Group 2 and maximum with Group 1. Conclusion: MTwo® R with solvent and ultrasonics, R-Endo®, and R-Endo® with solvent and ultrasonics were effective in gutta-percha removal from coronal third, middle third, and apical third, respectively. Significance: Nonsurgical endodontic retreatment using rotary files helps in gaining access to infected teeth. During retreatment procedure, this helps disinfectant to reach in critical areas of the root canal system, thereby decreasing the microbial load, leading to achieve healthy periradicular tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Snehal S Sonarkar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, VSPM Dental College and Research Centre, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rajesh Podar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Terna Dental College, Navimumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shishir Singh
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Terna Dental College, Navimumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shashank Babel
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Terna Dental College, Navimumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Gaurav Kulkarni
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Terna Dental College, Navimumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Ramyadharshini T, Anand Sherwood I, Vigneshwar VS, Ernest Prince P, Vaanjay M. Influence of glide path size and operating kinetics on time to reach working length and fracture resistance of Twisted File adaptive and Endostar E3 nickel-titanium file systems. Restor Dent Endod 2020; 45:e22. [PMID: 32483539 PMCID: PMC7239674 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2020.45.e22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study investigated the influence of glide path size and operating kinetics on the time to reach the working length and the fracture resistance of Twisted File (TF) and Endostar E3 files. Materials and Methods A total of 120 mandibular single-rooted premolars were selected. Two methods of kinetic motion (TF adaptive and continuous rotary motion) and file systems (TF and Endostar E3) were employed. The files were used in root canals prepared to apical glide path sizes of 15, 20, and 25. The time taken to reach the working length and the number of canals used before the instrument deformed or fractured were noted. Fractured instruments were examined with scanning electron microscopy. Results The TF system took significantly more time to reach the working length than the Endostar E3 system. Both systems required significantly more time to reach the working length at the size 15 glide path than at sizes 20 and 25. A greater number of TFs than Endostar E3 files exhibited deformation, and a higher incidence of instrument deformation was observed in adaptive than in continuous rotary motion; more deformation was also observed with the size 15 glide path. One TF was fractured while undergoing adaptive motion. Conclusions No significant difference was observed between continuous rotary and adaptive motion. The TF system and adaptive motion were associated with a higher incidence of deformation and fracture. Apical glide path sizes of 20 and 25 required significantly less time to reach the working length than size 15.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Inbaraj Anand Sherwood
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, CSI College of Dental Sciences, Madurai, TN, India
| | - V Shanmugham Vigneshwar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, CSI College of Dental Sciences, Madurai, TN, India
| | - Prakasam Ernest Prince
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, CSI College of Dental Sciences, Madurai, TN, India
| | - Murugadoss Vaanjay
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, CSI College of Dental Sciences, Madurai, TN, India
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14
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Pedullà E, Leanza G, La Rosa GRM, Gueli AM, Pasquale S, Plotino G, Rapisarda E. Cutting efficiency of conventional and heat‐treated nickel–titanium rotary or reciprocating glide path instruments. Int Endod J 2019; 53:376-384. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.13224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Pedullà
- Department of General Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties University of Catania Catania Italy
| | - G. Leanza
- Department of General Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties University of Catania Catania Italy
| | - G. R. M. La Rosa
- Department of General Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties University of Catania Catania Italy
| | - A. M. Gueli
- PH3DRA (Physics for Dating Diagnostics Dosimetry Research and Applications) Laboratories Department of Physic and Astronomy INFN University of Catania Catania Italy
| | - S. Pasquale
- PH3DRA (Physics for Dating Diagnostics Dosimetry Research and Applications) Laboratories Department of Physic and Astronomy INFN University of Catania Catania Italy
| | | | - E. Rapisarda
- Department of General Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties University of Catania Catania Italy
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15
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Giraki M, Harapetian E, Ruttermann S, Gerhardt-Szep S. Shaping ability of rotary instrumentation techniques and their limitations in simulated root canals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.17352/2394-8418.000073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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16
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Khalilak Z, Sattarian I, Tour Savadkouhi S. Ex-Vivo Comparison of the Dentin Removal Ability of One Shape and F6 SkyTaper Rotary Files. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN DENTAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.29252/jrdms.4.4.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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17
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de Cristofaro Almeida G, Aun DP, Resende PD, Peixoto IFDC, Viana ACD, Buono VTL, de Azevedo Bahia MG. Comparative analysis of torque and apical force to assess the cutting behaviour of ProTaper Next and ProTaper Universal endodontic instruments. AUST ENDOD J 2019; 46:52-59. [PMID: 31087492 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the cutting properties of two Nickel Titanium file systems with different designs and manufacturing materials. ProTaper Next X1 and X2 (PTN; Dentsply Sirona) and ProTaper Universal S2 and F1 (PTU; Dentsply Sirona) instruments were employed. The cutting parameters, that is torque and apical forces, were determined using a specially designed bench-testing machine. Dimensional and geometric parameters were considered to evaluate the results. The average maximum torque values showed statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) among all instruments. Apical force for PTN X2 and PTU F1 instruments initially decreased and then experienced a rapid increase in the last 2 mm of the canal. For PTN X1 and PTU S2, apical force increased during the entire test. When compared to PTU files, PTN required higher torque and apical forces during the shaping procedure. The results lead us to conclude that PTN instruments demonstrated a lower cutting efficiency than PTU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo de Cristofaro Almeida
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Diego Pinheiro Aun
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Pedro Damas Resende
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Isabella Faria da Cunha Peixoto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ana Cecília Diniz Viana
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Vicente Tadeu Lopes Buono
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Maria Guiomar de Azevedo Bahia
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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18
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Spicciarelli V, Corsentino G, Ounsi HF, Ferrari M, Grandini S. Shaping effectiveness and surface topography of reciprocating files after multiple simulated uses. J Oral Sci 2019; 61:45-52. [PMID: 30713265 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.17-0311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
This in vitro study assessed morphological changes and efficiency of reciprocating files after multiple uses. Sixty standardized Endo Training Blocks and 10 ReciprocR25 files were selected (six blocks for each file). Each file was its own control (before use vs. after each instrumentation). The instruments were used according to the manufacturer's instructions, and scanning electron microscopy was used to observe fatigue cracks, metal strips/metal flash, pitting, fretting, debris, disruption of the cutting edge, and plastic deformations after each instrumentation. The presence of seven wear variables was scored semiquantitatively by viewing micrographs collected before and after use. The prepared areas in resin blocks were calculated and compared by using AutoCAD software. The control group had significantly lower values for all wear variables except fretting and plastic deformation. The presence of fatigue cracks and metal strips/metal flash significantly differed between unused instruments and instruments used four or five times, in all observed sections. The area of instrumented Endo Training Blocks significantly differed in relation to the number of instrument uses. The Reciproc files wore progressively, and repeated use affected their shaping efficiency in simulated canals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giacomo Corsentino
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, University of Siena
| | - Hani F Ounsi
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Lebanese University
| | - Marco Ferrari
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics and Dental Materials, University of Siena
| | - Simone Grandini
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, University of Siena
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19
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Xu K, Wang J, Wang K, Gen N, Li J. Micro-computed tomographic evaluation of the effect of the final apical size prepared by rotary nickel-titanium files on the removal efficacy of hard-tissue debris. J Int Med Res 2018; 46:2219-2229. [PMID: 29584511 PMCID: PMC6023043 DOI: 10.1177/0300060518757607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study was performed to compare the removal efficacy of hard-tissue debris in mandibular first molars prepared to various apical sizes. Methods The mesial root canals of 40 extracted mandibular first molars were prepared by rotary nickel-titanium files to an apical size of #25/0.04 (Group #2504), #30/0.04 (Group #3004), #35/0.04 (Group #3504), and #40/0.04 (Group #4004). Irrigation was performed with 5.25% NaOCl and 17% EDTA. Micro-computed tomography was used to scan the samples before and after root canal preparation. Remnant hard-tissue debris was identified, quantified, and visualized three-dimensionally using shape recognition and image superimposition analysis, and the debris was mapped to its location. Results After preparation, 11.67%±2.99% of the root canals contained hard-tissue debris in Group #2504, 8.00%±2.71% in Group #3004, 7.17%±2.88% in Group #3504, and 4.51%±1.61% in Group #4004. The amount of accumulated hard-tissue debris was significantly less in Group #4004 than in the other groups. However, there were no significant differences between Groups #3004 and #3504. Conclusions An increased final apical size resulted in significantly lower debris accumulation. However, no root canal in any group was completely free from hard-tissue debris, and debris was mostly found in the isthmus of the mesial root canals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xu
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou Stomatological Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Nan Gen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jin Li, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing 210029, China.
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20
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Saghiri MA, Asatourian A, Godoy FG, Sheibani N. Influence of an Innovative Anti-Corrosive Solution on Resistance of Endodontic NiTi Rotary Instruments: A Preliminary Study. Eur Endod J 2017; 3:55-60. [PMID: 32161856 PMCID: PMC7024721 DOI: 10.5152/eej.2017.17043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the effects of deionised water, blood, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and a new anti-corrosive solution based on methoxy propyl amine (MOPA) on the cyclic fatigue resistance of endodontic NiTi rotary instruments under in vitro conditions. Methods: Forty ProTaper F1 files were provided and divided to four groups (n=10). Samples were first autoclaved and then stored in deionised water, blood, PBS or MOPA for 24 hours. Cyclic fatigue was tested with a custom-made stainless-steel block including artificial canals (curvature angle=30 degree, radius of curvature=5 mm). After immersion in test solutions, samples were rotated 300 rpm until fracture occurred. The number of cycles to failure (NCF) was calculated using recorded fracture time. Results: Data were analysed by the Kolmogorov–Smirnov, Levene, ANOVA and Scheffe statistical tests. Samples in blood group showed the lowest and samples in MOPA group showed the highest NCF values. Significant difference was observed between groups (P=0.001). NCF value of PBS group was significantly more than the NCF values of samples in blood and deionised water groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: The tested novel anti-corrosive solution significantly increased the fracture resistance of the endodontic NiTi rotary instruments by reducing the cyclic fatigue. In contrast, blood and deionised water caused more corrosion and resulted in earlier file fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ali Saghiri
- Department of Ophtalmology & Visual Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Armen Asatourian
- Department of Angiogenesis and Regenerative Medicine Sector, Dr. H. Afsar Lajevardi Research Cluster, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Franklin Garcia Godoy
- Department of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Tennessee, USA
| | - Nader Sheibani
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Cell and Regenerative Biology, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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21
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Ferreira FG, Barbosa IB, Scelza P, Montagnana MB, Russano D, Neff J, Scelza MZ. Noncontact three-dimensional evaluation of surface alterations and wear in NiTi endodontic instruments. Braz Oral Res 2017; 31:e74. [PMID: 29019548 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2017.vol31.0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to undertake a qualitative and quantitative assessment of nanoscale alterations and wear on the surfaces of nickel-titanium (NiTi) endodontic instruments, before and after use, through a high-resolution, noncontact, three-dimensional optical profiler, and to verify the accuracy of the evaluation method. Cutting blade surfaces of two different brands of NiTi endodontic instruments, Reciproc R25 (n = 5) and WaveOne Primary (n = 5), were examined and compared before and after two uses in simulated root canals made in clear resin blocks. The analyses were performed on three-dimensional images which were obtained from surface areas measuring 211 × 211 µm, located 3 mm from their tips. The quantitative evaluation of the samples was conducted before and after the first and second usage, by the recordings of three amplitude parameters. The data were subjected to statistical analysis at a 5% level of significance. The results revealed statistically significant increases in the surface wear of both instruments groups after the second use. The presence of irregularities was found on the surface topography of all the instruments, before and after use. Regardless of the evaluation stage, most of the defects were observed in the WaveOne instruments. The three-dimensional technique was suitable and effective for the accurate investigation of the same surfaces of the instruments in different periods of time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Igor Bastos Barbosa
- Universidade Federal Fluminense - UFF, Department of Endodontics, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Pantaleo Scelza
- Universidade Federal Fluminense - UFF, Department of Endodontics, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Daniel Russano
- Zygo Corporation, Middlefield, CT, United States of America
| | - John Neff
- Zygo Corporation, Middlefield, CT, United States of America
| | - Miriam Zaccaro Scelza
- Universidade Federal Fluminense - UFF, Department of Endodontics, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
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22
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Vasconcelos RA, Arias A, Peters OA. Lateral and axial cutting efficiency of instruments manufactured with conventional nickel-titanium and novel gold metallurgy. Int Endod J 2017; 51:577-583. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. A. Vasconcelos
- Department of Endodontics; Arthur A Dugoni School of Dentistry; University of the Pacific; San Francisco CA USA
- Department of Restorative Dentistry; Sao Jose dos Campos School of Dentistry; Institute of Science and Technology Sao Jose dos Campos ICT/UNESP; Sao Jose dos Campos SP Brazil
| | - A. Arias
- Department of Endodontics; Arthur A Dugoni School of Dentistry; University of the Pacific; San Francisco CA USA
- Department of Conservative Dentistry; School of Dentistry; Complutense University; Madrid Spain
| | - O. A. Peters
- Department of Endodontics; Arthur A Dugoni School of Dentistry; University of the Pacific; San Francisco CA USA
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23
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Chi CW, Lai EHH, Liu CY, Lin CP, Shin CS. Influence of heat treatment on cyclic fatigue and cutting efficiency of ProTaper Universal F2 instruments. J Dent Sci 2017; 12:21-26. [PMID: 30895019 PMCID: PMC6395258 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Heat pretreatment can improve the cyclic fatigue life of nickel-titanium (NiTi) instruments. This study evaluated the effects of two different heat treatments on the cyclic fatigue resistance and cutting efficiency of ProTaper Universal F2 files. MATERIALS AND METHODS The files were divided into three groups: no treatment (control), heat treatment at 400°C (HT400) and heat treatment at 600°C (HT600). The phase transformation of the files was evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry. In cyclic fatigue tests, the differences in file performance in four simulated canals among the three groups were assessed. The cutting efficiency was tested at four cutting portions (3 mm, 6 mm, 9 mm, and 12 mm) from the tip of the file. RESULTS Differential scanning calorimetry showed a prolonged phase transformation of the files only after 600°C treatment. At 3 mm cutting portion, 400°C heat-treated files had significantly better cutting ability than those in the control group. However, the files in the HT600 group had significantly lower cutting efficiency than those in the other two groups at the four tested positions. In the cyclic fatigue test, fatigue lives of the files after 400°C and 600°C treatment were prolonged from 2.1 to 2.8 times and from 1.7 to 5.5 times, respectively. CONCLUSION Although 600°C treatment increased resistance to cyclic fatigue, it reduced the cutting efficiency of the files. The 400°C treatment maintained the cutting ability and prolonged the cyclic fatigue life of the files. Therefore, for clinical use of ProTaper Universal F2 files, 400°C pretreatment is a better choice than 600°C pretreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Wen Chi
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry and National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Eddie Hsiang-Hua Lai
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry and National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Yuan Liu
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Pin Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry and National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Dentistry, China Medical University and China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chow-Shing Shin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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24
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Burkhardt L, Weidmann F, Rüttermann S, Gerhardt-Szep S. Comparison of the shaping ability of RaCe, FlexMaster, and ProFile nickel-titanium instruments in severely curved root canals. J Clin Exp Dent 2016; 8:e523-e528. [PMID: 27957264 PMCID: PMC5149085 DOI: 10.4317/jced.52838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This in vitro study compared the shaping ability of RaCe, FlexMaster, and ProFile rotary nickel-titanium instruments in severely curved root canals of extracted teeth. Material and Methods Sixty maxillary molars with curvatures ranging from 25° to 65° were embedded in a muffle system and portioned into five horizontal sections (thickness 1.2 mm), starting from the apex. Canals were divided into three groups (n = 20, each) and were prepared with RaCe, FlexMaster, or ProFile rotary nickel-titanium instruments and the TriAuto ZX handpiece using a crown-down preparation technique. We evaluated the difference between pre- and postoperative root canal cross-sections, loss of working length, instrument failure, and preparation time. The root canal area before and after the intervention was determined using an area-measuring software. The data were analyzed statistically using a one-way ANOVA followed by a Kruskal-Wallis multiple-comparison Z-value test. Results Specimens treated with FlexMaster showed the greatest change from preoperative cross-sections, followed by RaCe and ProFile. The cross-sectional changes induced by RaCe and FlexMaster preparation differed significantly from those produced by ProFile. Loss of working length, instrument failure, and preparation time did not differ significantly between the groups. Conclusions Root canal preparation with the three instruments did not lead to any significant alteration of the original root anatomy or working length. Thus, we conclude that RaCe, FlexMaster, and ProFile instruments are of comparable efficiency and usefulness in the preparation of severely curved root canals. Key words:Endodontics, root canal preparation, rotary, extracted teeth, nickel-titanium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Burkhardt
- Dr. med. dent, Master of Science Endodontics (M.Sc.), Department of Operative Dentistry, Center for Dentistry and Oral Medicine, Medical Faculty, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Rüttermann
- Full Professor in Dentistry, Head of Department of Operative Dentistry, Center for Dentistry and Oral Medicine, Medical Faculty, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Susanne Gerhardt-Szep
- PD Dr. med. dent and Master of Medical Education (MME), Department of Operative Dentistry, Center for Dentistry and Oral Medicine, Medical Faculty, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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25
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Vivekanandhan P, Subbiya A, Mitthra S, Karthick A. Comparison of apical debris extrusion of two rotary systems and one reciprocating system. J Conserv Dent 2016; 19:245-9. [PMID: 27217638 PMCID: PMC4872579 DOI: 10.4103/0972-0707.181941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postoperative inflammation and endodontic failure occur due to apical extrusion of debris. AIM To evaluate the amount of apically extruded debris after preparation of straight root canals in extracted human teeth using three rotary systems. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty single-rooted human teeth with single root canal and apical foramen were selected and randomly divided into three experimental groups (n = 20) according to the rotary system used: Group 1 - ProTaper, Group 2 - Revo-S, Group 3 - WaveOne. Apical enlargement was done up to size 40/0.06 for Groups 1 and 2 and 40/0.08 for Group 3. For debris collection, each tooth was held in a preweighed Eppendorf tube fixed inside a glass vial through rubber plug. After instrumentation, each tooth was separated from the Eppendorf tube and the debris adhering to the root surface was collected by washing the root with 1 mL of bi-distilled water and incubated at 70°C for 5 days. The dry weight of extruded debris was weighed in an electronic balance. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS The mean weights of extruded debris were statistically analyzed using GraphPad prism version 6 and the intergroup comparison was done using unpaired t-test. RESULTS There was a statistically significant difference in the mean debris score among all the three groups - ProTaper (0.00065 g), Revo-S (0.00045 g) and WaveOne (0.00089 g). CONCLUSION Revo-S system was associated with significantly less debris extrusion compared with ProTaper or WaveOne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramasivam Vivekanandhan
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arunajatesan Subbiya
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Suresh Mitthra
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arumugam Karthick
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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26
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Ersoy I, Kol E, Demirhan Uygun A, Tanriver M, Seckin F. Comparison of cyclic fatigue resistance between different NiTi instruments with 4% taper. Microsc Res Tech 2016; 79:345-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Revised: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Ersoy
- Department of Endodontics; Sifa University; Izmir Turkey
| | - Elif Kol
- Department of Endodontics; Ataturk University; Erzurum Turkey
| | | | | | - Fatih Seckin
- Department of Endodontics; Ataturk University; Erzurum Turkey
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27
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Constant Insertion Rate Methodology for Measuring Torque and Apical Force in 3 Nickel-Titanium Instruments with Different Cross-sectional Designs. J Endod 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Çapar ID, Arslan H. A review of instrumentation kinematics of engine-driven nickel-titanium instruments. Int Endod J 2015; 49:119-35. [PMID: 25630977 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Over the years, NiTi alloys have become indispensable materials in endodontic treatment. With technological advancements in metallurgy, manufacturers have attempted to produce instruments with enhanced features. In parallel with these developments, endodontic motors have undergone improvements in terms of torque control and kinematics that are adjustable in different directions. This review presents an overview of the advancements in instrumentation kinematics and the effect of instrumentation kinematics on root canal shaping procedures and instrument performance. The literature search for this narrative review was conducted in Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science using the keywords 'kinematics and endodontics' and 'reciprocation and endodontics'. In addition, historical literature was searched using the keyword 'nickel-titanium and endodontics'. Overall, 143 articles were included up to 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- I D Çapar
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, İzmir Katip Çelebi University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - H Arslan
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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29
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Tocci L, Plotino G, Al-Sudani D, Rubini AG, Sannino G, Piasecki L, Putortì E, Testarelli L, Gambarini G. Cutting efficiency of instruments with different movements: a comparative study. J Oral Maxillofac Res 2015; 6:e6. [PMID: 25937877 PMCID: PMC4414237 DOI: 10.5037/jomr.2014.6106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to evaluate the cutting efficiency of two new reciprocating instruments, Twisted File Adaptive and WaveOne Primary. MATERIAL AND METHODS 10 new Twisted File Adaptive (TF Adaptive) (SybronEndo, Glendora, CA, USA) and 10 new WaveOne Primary files (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) were activated using a torque-controlled motor, respectively TFA motor (SybronEndo, Glendora, CA, USA) and Silver motor (VDW, Munich, Germany). The device used for the cutting test consisted on a mainframe to which a mobile plastic support for the hand-piece is connected and a stainless-steel block containing a Plexiglas block against which the cutting efficiency of the instruments was tested. The length of the block cut in 1 minute was measured in a computerized program with a precision of 0.1 mm. Mean and standard deviations of each group were calculated and data were statistically analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni t test (P < 0.05). RESULTS TF Adaptive displayed significantly greater maximum penetration depth than WaveOne Primary (P < 0.05). In fact, TF Adaptive instruments (Group 1) cut the Plexiglas block to a mean depth of 8.7 (SD 0.5) mm, while WaveOne Primary instruments cut the Plexiglas block to a mean depth of 6.4 (SD 0.3) mm. CONCLUSIONS Twisted File Adaptive instruments demonstrated statistically higher cutting efficiency than WaveOne instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Tocci
- Department of Endodontics, "Sapienza" University of RomeItaly
| | | | - Dina Al-Sudani
- Department of Endodontics, "Sapienza" University of RomeItaly
| | | | | | - Lucila Piasecki
- Department of Endodontics, "Sapienza" University of RomeItaly
| | - Ermanno Putortì
- Department of Endodontics, "Sapienza" University of RomeItaly
| | - Luca Testarelli
- Department of Endodontics, "Sapienza" University of RomeItaly
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Wu XC, Zhu YQ. Geometric analysis of root canals prepared by single twisted file in three different operation modes. Eur J Dent 2014; 8:515-520. [PMID: 25512734 PMCID: PMC4253109 DOI: 10.4103/1305-7456.143635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effects of a single twisted file (TF) instrument in three different operation modes on the preparation of curved root canals in human molars and to explore a new possible method in canal shaping in the clinic setting. Materials and Methods: A total of 105 selected root canals with an angle of curvature ranging from 20° to 35° were divided into the following three groups with 35 samples each according to the different operation mode in canal preparation: “continuous rotation-500” (CR, 500 rpm), reciprocating movement-300 (RM-300 rpm) and CR-300 rpm. Root canals were prepared by single file (a size 25/0.06 TF). The pre- and post-instrumented images of the sections were scanned using a cone-beam computed tomography scanner to measure the root transportation and centering ratio. The data were evaluated at 1.5 mm, 3.0 mm and 6.0 mm positions from the apex. The significance level was set at P < 0.05. Results: The results showed a statistically significant difference in root transportation that was only found in cross-sections 3.0 mm from the anatomic apex between group “CR-500” and group “CR-300.” In addition, a significant difference in centering ratio was found between group “RM-300” and group “CR-300.” There was no significant difference in the two indices among the three groups at cross-sections 1.5 mm and 6 mm from the apex. Conclusions: Under the three conditions of this study, the continuous rotation mode has better shaping ability in root canal preparation than the RM mode when used with a TF single file (size 25/0.06).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Chen Wu
- Department of General Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Qin Zhu
- Department of General Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
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31
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Cutting efficiency of nickel–titanium rotary and reciprocating instruments after prolonged use. Odontology 2014; 104:77-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s10266-014-0183-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Saghiri MA, Asatourian A, Garcia-Godoy F, Gutmann JL, Lotfi M, Sheibani N. The effect of electrical treatment on cyclic fatigue of NiTi instruments. SCANNING 2014; 36:507-511. [PMID: 24798116 PMCID: PMC5214667 DOI: 10.1002/sca.21146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Dentists desire to use NiTi rotary instruments, which do not break inside the root canals of teeth, since the pieces from broken files are difficult to remove. The NiTi rotary instrument breakage is because of cyclic and torsional fatigue. Here the low-voltage (12 V) and high voltage (24 V) electrical treatments were used to enhance the cyclic fatigue of NiTi rotary instruments and increase their durability. In excremental groups, following electrical treatment samples of the NiTi instruments were rotated inside artificial root canals until they broke. Our results showed that electrical treatment with 12-V DC was effective in restoring NiTi instrument's resistance to cyclic fatigue. The scanning electron microscopy images and fractograph of samples exposed to 12-V electrical treatment showed a more regular texture over the surface with less dimpling on fractured site. These patterns can improve the super elasticity of tested devices during rotational movement, and delay the NiTi instruments separation in root canal preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Saghiri
- Departments of Ophthalmology &Visual Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | | | - Franklin Garcia-Godoy
- Bioscience Research Center, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - James L. Gutmann
- Department of Restorative Sciences, Baylor College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Mehrdad Lotfi
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology and Department of Endodontics, Dental Faculty, Tabriz University (Medical Sciences), Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nader Sheibani
- Departments of Ophthalmology &Visual Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public health, Madison, Wisconsin
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Cutting Efficiency of Reciproc and WaveOne Reciprocating Instruments. J Endod 2014; 40:1228-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2014.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Cyclic Fatigue Resistance of RaCe and Mtwo Rotary Files in Continuous Rotation and Reciprocating Motion. J Endod 2014; 40:995-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2013.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2013] [Revised: 12/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Li H, Zhang C, Li Q, Wang C, Song Y. Comparison of cleaning efficiency and deformation characteristics of Twisted File and ProTaper rotary instruments. Eur J Dent 2014; 8:191-196. [PMID: 24966769 PMCID: PMC4054049 DOI: 10.4103/1305-7456.130598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The objective of the following study is to compare the cleaning efficiency and deformation characteristics of Twisted File (TF) and ProTaper (PT) nickel-titanium rotary instruments in root canal preparation. Materials and Methods: A total of 52 canals from 26 extracted maxillary first molars were randomly assigned into two groups of each including 13 mesiobuccal and 12 distobuccal (DB) canals. Two DB canals were as blank controls. After preparation with TF and PT, we recorded the preparation time and evaluate the amounts of debris and smear layer at apical, middle and coronal canals under scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Three cross-sections of canals at 3 mm, 5 mm and 7 mm from the apex foramens were scanned before and after preparation under micro-computed tomography. Changes of the cross-section area (CSA) at the three levels were calculated with Photoshop CS4. File deformation was also investigated under SEM. Two groups were statistically compared with Mann-Whitney test and independent sample t-test. Results: Less debris and smear layer were found in coronal regions of canals prepared with TF (P = 0.006, P = 0.001, respectively). TF group displayed more CSA change than PT group (P = 0.045) at cross-sections of 5 mm from the apex foramens and took significantly less preparation time than PT group did (P = 9.06 × 10−28). All five TF files without obvious micro-cracks and two out of 25 PT files with many micro-cracks showed visible unwound deformation. Conclusion: Neither TF nor PT achieves complete cleanliness of canal walls. Their deformation features might indicate different fracture resistance. TF single-file technique would substantially shorten the time of root canal preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Li
- Department of Endodontics, The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenzheng Zhang
- Department of Endodontics, The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Endodontics, The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Changning Wang
- Department of Periodontics, The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaling Song
- Department of Endodontics, The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Uzun O, Topuz O, Yalpi F, Unsal F, Aydin C, Bodrumlu E. The evaluation of two rotary instrumentation techniques under "operator-related variables" standardized conditions. Eur J Dent 2014; 7:395-398. [PMID: 24932111 PMCID: PMC4053661 DOI: 10.4103/1305-7456.120641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: We aimed here to evaluate the enlargement characteristics of two nickel-titanium rotary instrument systems that use two different preparation techniques, in simulated root canals under “operator-related variables” standardized conditions. Materials and Methods: A total of 40 simulated canals in resin blocks were divided into two groups as the Mtwo group for use with a single-length technique and the ProTaper instrument system group for use with crown down technique. To standardize the operator-related variables, all preparations were carried out with a computer controlled device that was developed and used previously as described in a published study. The pre- and post-operative digital images of the canals were superimposed and measured at 11 levels from the apical tip. The distances between the pre- and post-operative outer lines of the root canals were measured at both the inner and outer sides of the curve. The amount of removed material and the symmetry of the preparations were evaluated. Statistical analyses were performed with Mann-Whitney test. Results: Significantly more material was removed by Mtwo at 9 levels and by ProTaper at 2 levels (P < 0.05) while no significant difference was determined at 11 levels. The preparations made with ProTaper were more symmetrical at 4 levels while no significant difference was determined at 7 levels. Conclusion: Mtwo removed significantly more material than ProTaper at different levels of the curved root canals. Mtwo and ProTaper made symmetrical preparations and maintained the original shape of the root canal at different levels under controlled operator-related variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozgur Uzun
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkiye
| | - Ozgur Topuz
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkiye
| | - Fatma Yalpi
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkiye
| | - Feyza Unsal
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkiye
| | - Cumhur Aydin
- Department of Endodontics, Center for Dental Sciences, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkiye
| | - Emre Bodrumlu
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkiye
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Shen Y, Zhou H, Campbell L, Wang Z, Wang R, Du T, Haapasalo M. Fatigue and nanomechanical properties of K3XF nickel-titanium instruments. Int Endod J 2014; 47:1160-7. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Shen
- Division of Endodontics; Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences; Faculty of Dentistry; The University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
- Department of Materials Engineering; The University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - H. Zhou
- Center for Biomedical Materials and Engineering; College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering; Harbin Engineering University; Harbin China
| | - L. Campbell
- Division of Endodontics; Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences; Faculty of Dentistry; The University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Z. Wang
- Division of Endodontics; Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences; Faculty of Dentistry; The University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - R. Wang
- Department of Materials Engineering; The University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - T. Du
- Department of Stomatology; Tongji Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| | - M. Haapasalo
- Division of Endodontics; Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences; Faculty of Dentistry; The University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
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Rubini AG, Plotino G, Al-Sudani D, Grande NM, Putorti E, Sonnino G, Cotti E, Testarelli L, Gambarini G. A new device to test cutting efficiency of mechanical endodontic instruments. Med Sci Monit 2014; 20:374-8. [PMID: 24603777 PMCID: PMC3948890 DOI: 10.12659/msm.890119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of the present study was to introduce a new device specifically designed to evaluate the cutting efficiency of mechanically driven endodontic instruments. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty new Reciproc R25 (VDW, Munich, Germany) files were used to be investigated in the new device developed to test the cutting ability of endodontic instruments. The device consists of a main frame to which a mobile plastic support for the hand-piece is connected and a stainless-steel block containing a Plexiglas block against which the cutting efficiency of the instruments was tested. The length of the block cut in 1 minute was measured in a computerized program with a precision of 0.1mm. The instruments were activated by using a torque-controlled motor (Silver Reciproc; VDW, Munich, Germany) in a reciprocating movement by the "Reciproc ALL" program (Group 1) and in counter-clockwise rotation at 300 rpm (Group 2). Mean and standard deviations of each group were calculated and data were statistically analyzed with a one-way ANOVA test (P<0.05). RESULTS Reciproc in reciprocation (Group 1) mean cut in the Plexiglas block was 8.6 mm (SD=0.6 mm), while Reciproc in rotation mean cut was 8.9 mm (SD=0.7 mm). There was no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups investigated (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS The cutting testing device evaluated in the present study was reliable and easy to use and may be effectively used to test cutting efficiency of both rotary and reciprocating mechanical endodontic instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gianluca Plotino
- Department of Endodontics, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Dina Al-Sudani
- Department of Restorative, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nicola M. Grande
- Department of Endodontics, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ermanno Putorti
- Department of Endodontics, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Elisabetta Cotti
- Department of Endodontics, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Luca Testarelli
- Department of Endodontics, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Park SK, Kim YJ, Shon WJ, You SY, Moon YM, Kim HC, Lee W. Clinical efficiency and reusability of the reciprocating nickel-titanium instruments according to the root canal anatomy. SCANNING 2014; 36:246-251. [PMID: 23630105 DOI: 10.1002/sca.21096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The application of the single-file technique using the reciprocating motion is gaining concern in root canal preparation. The purpose of this research is to compare the efficiency of the reciprocating motion-employing files (RECIPROC and WaveOne) by measuring the working time for complete canal shaping, and to evaluate their reusability under scanning examinations. One hundred curved root canals of the extracted molars were used. The working length was determined and the glide path was confirmed using a #15 K-file. Canals shaping was completed to the length either with RECIPROC R25 file (n = 50), or with WaveOne Primary file (n = 50). The time taken for the file to reach the working length was also measured. Each file was repeatedly used in a maximum of 10 canals for comparing the change of the efficiency (shaping time) according to the working length, canal curvature, and number of file re-use. The deformations or surface defects of the files after the in vitro use were observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). There was no difference under the SEM between the 2 file groups with no initiation of micro-cracks until they were re-used up to 5 canals. WaveOne Primary file showed significantly shorter working time than RECIPROC R25 (p < 0.05). There was a statistically significant correlation between the working time and three variables. As the working length and the curvature of the canal increased, the shaping time was increased in both file systems. Reusability of these reciprocating instruments might be maximum 5 canals with minimal surface deformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Kyung Park
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Jae Kim
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won-Jun Shon
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Yeop You
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Mi Moon
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Daejeon Hospital, WonKwang University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyeon-Cheol Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - WooCheol Lee
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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40
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Al-Sudani D, Almalki M, Al-Shahrani S, Ahlquist M. Geometric analysis of maxillary first premolar prepared by two nickel-titanium rotary instruments. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014; 15:174-180. [PMID: 25095839 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM The present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating and comparing the shaping ability of two Nickel-titanium rotary instruments, with two disparate design features, on root canal geometry of extracted human maxillary first premolars using microcomputed tomography. STUDY DESIGN Twenty four bifurcated maxillary first premolars were divided into two groups and embedded in a rubber-based impression material. Both groups were submitted to micro-computed tomography before and after canal preparation (buccal and palatal) with either ProFile Vortex or Revo-S rotary instruments. Images were reconstructed and cross-sections corresponding to a distance 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 mm from the anatomical apex were selected for canal transportation analysis. Volume changes were also measured. RESULTS The degree and direction of canal transportation were non-significant for both instruments. Statistically significant differences were observed only between levels in the buccal canal in both groups. There was no significant difference between the two rotary systems in regards to the volume of dentin removed. CONCLUSION Our findings showed that ProFile Vortex and Revo-S instruments respected the original root canal anatomy and behaved similarly. ProFile Vortex rotary systems produced with innovative process were concluded to shape the upper maxillary premolar by leading minimal canal transportation, similar to Revo-S, rotary systems produced from traditional process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Al-Sudani
- Associate Professor and Consultant, Endodontic Division, Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed Almalki
- Endodontist, Department of Dentistry, King Fahd Military Medical Complex Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Al-Shahrani
- Endodontist, Department of Dentistry, Armed Forces Hospital, Dhahran Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael Ahlquist
- Associate Professor, Department of Dental Medicine, Cariology and Endodontology Division, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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41
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Montalvão D, Alçada FS, Braz Fernandes FM, de Vilaverde-Correia S. Structural characterisation and mechanical FE analysis of conventional and M-Wire Ni-Ti alloys used in endodontic rotary instruments. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:976459. [PMID: 24574937 PMCID: PMC3918393 DOI: 10.1155/2014/976459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to understand how the M-Wire alloy conditions the mechanical flexibility of endodontic rotary files at body temperature.Two different rotary instruments, a Profile GT 20/.06 and a Profile GT Series X 20/.06, were selected due to their geometrical similarity and their different constituent alloy. GT series X files are made from M-Wire, a Ni-Ti alloy allegedly having higher flexibility at body temperature. Both files were analysed by X-Ray Diffraction and Differential Scanning Calorimetry to investigate phase transformations and the effects of working temperature on these different alloys. Mechanical behaviour was assessed by means of static bending and torsional Finite Element simulations, taking into account the nonlinear superelastic behaviour of Ni-Ti materials. It was found that GT files present austenitic phase at body temperature, whereas GT series X present R-phase at temperatures under 40 °C with a potential for larger flexibility. For the same load conditions, simulations showed that the slight geometrical differences between the two files do not introduce great disagreement in the instruments' mechanical response. It was confirmed that M-Wire increases the instrument's flexibility, mainly due to the presence of R-phase at body temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Montalvão
- School of Engineering and Technology, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL10 9AB, UK
| | - Francisca Sena Alçada
- The Dental Implant and Gingival-Plastic Surgery Centre, 717 Christchurch Road, Bournemouth, Dorset BH7 6AF, UK
| | - Francisco Manuel Braz Fernandes
- CENIMAT/I3N, Materials Science Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, New University of Lisbon, Campus of Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Sancho de Vilaverde-Correia
- CENIMAT/I3N, Materials Science Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, New University of Lisbon, Campus of Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3451 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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42
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Cutting Efficiency of Conventional and Martensitic Nickel-Titanium Instruments for Coronal Flaring. J Endod 2013; 39:1634-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2013.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Revised: 08/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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43
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Pereira ES, Singh R, Arias A, Peters OA. In Vitro Assessment of Torque and Force Generated by Novel ProTaper Next Instruments during Simulated Canal Preparation. J Endod 2013; 39:1615-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2013.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 07/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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45
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Peters OA, Morgental RD, Schulze KA, Paqué F, Kopper PMP, Vier-Pelisser FV. Determining cutting efficiency of nickel-titanium coronal flaring instruments used in lateral action. Int Endod J 2013; 47:505-13. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O. A. Peters
- Department of Endodontics; Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry; University of the Pacific; San Francisco CA USA
| | - R. D. Morgental
- Department of Endodontics; Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry; University of the Pacific; San Francisco CA USA
- Department of Endodontics; School of Dentistry; Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - K. A. Schulze
- Department of Integrated Reconstructive Dental Sciences; Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry; University of the Pacific; San Francisco CA USA
| | - F. Paqué
- Department of Endodontics; School of Dentistry; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - P. M. P. Kopper
- Department of Endodontics; School of Dentistry; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - F. V. Vier-Pelisser
- Department of Endodontics; School of Dentistry; Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
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Ferrer-Luque CM, Bejarano I, Ruiz-Linares M, Baca P. Reduction in Enteroccocus faecalis counts - a comparison between rotary and reciprocating systems. Int Endod J 2013; 47:380-6. [PMID: 23980811 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To compare the chemomechanical reduction and regrowth of Enterococcus faecalis between rotary and reciprocating systems in root canal preparation. METHODOLOGY Seventy-six single-rooted human mandibular premolars were selected and standardized to 15 mm in length. Root canals were enlarged up to a size 25 K-file and irrigated with distilled water and then were infected with E. faecalis for 4 weeks. The specimens were divided into 3 groups (n = 24) for instrumentation with Mtwo, Twisted File and WaveOne. Each group was further divided into two subgroups (n = 12) according to the irrigant used: distilled water or 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). Before and after rotary preparation, microbiological samples were collected using three sterilized paper points, and efficacy was expressed as reduction in percentage. The proportion of grown samples for 60 days was evaluated using nonparametric Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Differences amongst groups were tested using the log-rank test at a significance level of 0.05. RESULTS In the main root canal, the percentage reduction in the distilled water and 5.25% NaOCl groups ranged from 95.9% to 100%, with no significant differences amongst the three systems (P > 0.05). The bacterial regrowth in NaOCl groups revealed that Mtwo had the lowest number of samples regrown at 60 days, giving statistically significant differences with respect to Twisted File (P = 0.029) and WaveOne (P = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS Reciprocating and rotary systems resulted in similar percentage reduction in E. faecalis when using either distilled water or 5.25% NaOCl solution. Over time, the Mtwo system was more effective regarding disinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Ferrer-Luque
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Marzouk AM, Ghoneim AG. Computed Tomographic Evaluation of Canal Shape Instrumented by Different Kinematics Rotary Nickel-Titanium Systems. J Endod 2013; 39:906-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2013.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Versluis A, Kim HC, Lee W, Kim BM, Lee CJ. Flexural Stiffness and Stresses in Nickel-Titanium Rotary Files for Various Pitch and Cross-sectional Geometries. J Endod 2012; 38:1399-403. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2012.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Revised: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Hashem AAR, Ghoneim AG, Lutfy RA, Foda MY, Omar GAF. Geometric Analysis of Root Canals Prepared by Four Rotary NiTi Shaping Systems. J Endod 2012; 38:996-1000. [PMID: 22703669 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2012.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Revised: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Pereira ESJ, Peixoto IFC, Viana ACD, Oliveira II, Gonzalez BM, Buono VTL, Bahia MGA. Physical and mechanical properties of a thermomechanically treated NiTi wire used in the manufacture of rotary endodontic instruments. Int Endod J 2011; 45:469-74. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2011.01998.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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