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Banci HA, Strazzi-Sahyon HB, Bento VAA, Sayeg JMC, Bachega MDO, Pellizzer EP, Sivieri-Araujo G. Influence of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy on the bond strength of endodontic sealers to intraradicular dentin: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 41:103270. [PMID: 36596331 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.103270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis (SRMA) was to investigate the influence of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) on the bond strength of endodontic sealers to intraradicular dentin. METHODS This SRMA followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and was registered in the International Prospective Registry of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) (CRD42022319856). A population, intervention, control, and outcome (PICO) question was formulated: "Does antimicrobial photodynamic therapy decrease the bond strength of root canal sealers?". A literature search was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and ProQuest databases until July 2022. Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Assessment Guidelines for Quasi-Experimental Studies were used for quality assessment. The meta-analysis was based on the inverse variance (IV) method (p<0.05). RESULTS Out of an initial 345 articles, 8 in vitro studies were included, published between 2013 and 2022. The studies were qualitatively analyzed; two studies showed a positive effect, two studies a negative effect, and the other studies showed no effect on bond strength of endodontic sealers to intraradicular dentin. Seven of the studies were included in the SRMA, which indicated that there was no significant difference in bond strength when using aPDT (P = 0.90; MD: -0.03; 95% CI: -0.46 to -0.41). There was a high level of evidence for each meta-analysis outcome. CONCLUSION It can be concluded that the use of aPDT as a method of root canal disinfection does not negatively influence the bond strength of endodontic sealers in the root canal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Augusto Banci
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Discipline of Endodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Henrico Badaoui Strazzi-Sahyon
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Victor Augusto Alves Bento
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - João Mateus Cavalaro Sayeg
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana de Oliveira Bachega
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Discipline of Endodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Piza Pellizzer
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Sivieri-Araujo
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Discipline of Endodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.
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Almadi KH. Impact of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy on the bond-strength and penetration of endodontic sealers: A systematic review. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 41:103249. [PMID: 36563709 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.103249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has been used for the disinfection of root canals. Studies have been carried out on its effect on the bond-strength and penetration of endodontic sealers. The aim of this systematic review is to critically analyze the literature and summarize the outcomes of these studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS An electronic search was conducted on research databases PubMED/Medline, ISI Web of Knowledge, Embase, Scopus and Europe PMC using the following the medical subject headings (MeSH) terms and keywords: [((endodontic sealer) OR (endodontic sealant) OR (root canal sealer)) AND ((anti-microbial photodynamic therapy) OR (laser-assisted) OR (light-assisted) OR (photosensitive dye) OR (photosensitizer)) AND ((bond-strength) OR (penetration))] for all literature published from inception to September 2022. Clinical studies, animal studies, laboratory investigations and case reports were included. Data was extracted and the quality of the included studies was assessed. RESULTS Of the 204 studies screen initially, 12 laboratory studies were included in this review. Majority of the outcomes revealed that aPDT does not have an adverse impact on the bond-strength or sealer penetration. Furthermore, AH Plus (an epoxy-based sealer) resulted in higher bond-strengths than other types of sealers (MTA Fillapex, Sealapex and Bioceramics). 11 studies were graded as having 'medium' quality and one study was graded as 'low'. CONCLUSION Within the limitations of this review, aPDT does not have a significant impact on the bonding and penetration of endodontic sealers. Future studies should focus on standardization and optimization of aPDT procedures when assessing their impact on the interaction between sealers and dentine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid H Almadi
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, Division of Endodontics, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Keskin G, Çiloğlu M. Efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy and Er,Cr:YSGG laser-activated irrigation on dentinal tubule penetration of MTA-based root canal sealer: a confocal microscopy study. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 36:102584. [PMID: 34666196 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) and laser-activated irrigation (LAI) are adjunctive therapies developed to enhance the effectiveness of root canal disinfection. Sealer penetration into dentinal tubules is significant for preventing re-infection, and the sealer's penetration ability is affected by the chemo-mechanical preparation of the root canal. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of aPDT and LAI on dentinal tubule penetration of MTA-based root canal sealer. METHODS Forty single-rooted mandibular premolars were divided into four groups (n = 10): control, methylene blue 50 mg/L (MB50), curcumin 500 mg/L (C500), and Er,Cr:YSGG and sodium hypochlorite (LAI). The smear removal efficiency of the groups on intraradicular dentin was evaluated with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was performed to determine the depth of penetration of MTA Fillapex into dentinal tubules. Data were analyzed statistically. RESULTS The maximum penetration depth of the C500 group was significantly higher than that of the other groups in all three levels of root sections (p<0.05). Regarding mean penetration depth, the highest values were obtained from the C500 group. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the C500 and MB50 groups in the middle and coronal thirds of the root (p>0.05). The LAI group showed the lowest penetrated area percentage in the middle and coronal third of the root (p<0.05). The C500 and LAI groups were more effective in removing the smear layer than the control and MB50 groups. CONCLUSION aPDT could enhance the penetration of MTA-based root canal sealer into dentin tubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gül Keskin
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep 27310, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Çiloğlu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep 27310, Turkey
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Effects of Different Photoactive Dyes on the Adhesion of Epoxy Resin–Based Root Canal Sealer. ANADOLU KLINIĞI TIP BILIMLERI DERGISI 2021. [DOI: 10.21673/anadoluklin.815730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Al-Qahtani YM. Impact of graphene oxide and silver diamine fluoride in comparison to photodynamic therapy on bond integrity and microleakage scores of resin modified glass ionomer cement to demineralized dentin. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 33:102163. [PMID: 33383206 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the impact of graphene oxide (GO) and silver diammine fluoride (SDF) in comparison to photodynamic therapy (PDT) on adhesive bond integrity and microleakage scores of resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) to demineralized dentin. METHODS 80 non-carious and atraumatic third molars were mounted inside the segments of polyvinyl pipes. Exposure, homogenization, and polishing of dentinal tubules was performed. 20 specimens were left unconditioned and classified a group 4. Exposure of acetic acid was done to 60 specimens and randomly allocated into 3 groups. Group 1 specimens were treated with 0.25 % GO; group 2 specimens were treated with 3.8 % SDF; and group 3 specimens were exposed to PDT. The bonding of all samples to RMGIC was performed by light curing and universal testing machine was utilized for testing shear bond strength (SBS). For failure modes, an optical microscope at 40x magnification was used to observe the debonded interfaces. For microleakage, all the specimens were submerged in 2% methylene blue for 1 day and observed under a digital microscope. The post hoc Tukey and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to examine SBS. A p-value of ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Group 2 showed the highest bond strength (3.8 % SDF + RMGIC + DD - 15.27 ± 2.19 MPa). Groups 1 (0.25 % GO + RMGIC + DD - 14.11 ± 3.82) and 2 showed comparable results of SBS, which was significantly higher when compared with other research groups (p < 0.05). According to the post hoc Tukey test, the SBS scores of treatment groups exhibited statistically significant values as compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Group 2 samples showed the least microleakage mean score (0.8 ± 0.42), followed by group 1 specimens (1.02 ± 0.88). The comparable microleakage mean scores were demonstrated by the samples in group 1 and 2 (p < 0.01). According to one-way ANOVA, a significant difference was observed in microleakage scores among experimental groups (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Improved bond strength and marginal microleakage scores were demonstrated by the demineralized dentin treated with 0.25 % graphene oxide and 3.8 % silver diamine fluoride when bonded to resin-modified glass ionomer cement. The application of methylene blue photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy undermined the adhesive bond strength applied on demineralized dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser M Al-Qahtani
- Consultant in Restorative Dentistry Department, Ministry of Health, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
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Al Deeb L, Bin-Shuwaish MS, Abrar E, Naseem M, Al-Hamdan RS, Maawadh AM, Al Deeb M, Almohareb T, Al Ahdal K, Vohra F, Abduljabbar T. Efficacy of chlorhexidine, Er Cr YSGG laser and photodynamic therapy on the adhesive bond integrity of caries affected dentin. An in-vitro study. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 31:101875. [PMID: 32534249 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the adhesive bond integrity (shear bond strength-SBS) of composite resin bonded to carious dentin using chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX), Er,Cr:YSGG laser (ECYL) and photodynamic therapy (PDT). MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty carious and ten non-carious mandibular teeth were collected through non-traumatic extraction. All samples were embedded in polyvinyl cross-sections to the cemento-enamel junction. The preparation of caries-affected dentin was performed by grinding the specimens using silicon carbide discs. All specimens were randomly allocated in to four groups (n = 10). Group 1, non-affected dentin with no disinfection; Group 2, caries affected dentin treated with 2% CHX; Group 3, affected dentin disinfected with PDT [100 mg/L methylene blue solution (MBS) and Diode laser]; Group 4, affected dentin treated with ECYL. Self-etch adhesive was smeared on all specimens for 10 s and photopolymerized for 10 s. All specimens were placed in an incubator with humid environment for 24 h at 37 °C followed by positioning in universal testing machine for SBS testing. Failure mode examination of debonded samples was performed by a stereomicroscope. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for inter group comparison through mean and standard deviation of each group. For multiple group comparison Tukey HSD was employed. Level of significance was established at p < 0.05. RESULTS The highest SBS value was observed in group 1 (24.98 ± 1.59 MPa). Whereas, the lowest bond strength was displayed by group 3 (14.22 ± 1.40 MPa) specimens. Lased dentin in group 4 (15.89 ± 3.22 MPa) exhibited SBS values comparable to group 3 (14.22 ± 1.40 MPa). Group 2 (CHX-18.25 ± 1.29 MPa) exhibited statistically significant difference compared to all experimental groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Adhesive bond strength of disinfected carious dentin was higher with CHX treatment as compared to Photodynamic therapy and Er,Cr: YSGG laser treatment. Carious dentin showed lower bond strength to composite resin as compared to non-carious dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Al Deeb
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University P. O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545 Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammed S Bin-Shuwaish
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University P. O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545 Saudi Arabia.
| | - Eisha Abrar
- Department of Community and Preventive Dental Sciences, Dow International Dental College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Mustafa Naseem
- Department of Community and Preventive Dental Sciences, Dow International Dental College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Rana S Al-Hamdan
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University P. O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545 Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ahmed M Maawadh
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University P. O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545 Saudi Arabia.
| | - Modhi Al Deeb
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P. O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Thamer Almohareb
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University P. O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545 Saudi Arabia.
| | - Khold Al Ahdal
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University P. O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545 Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fahim Vohra
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P. O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Tariq Abduljabbar
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P. O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia.
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Menezes M, Prado M, Gomes B, Gusman H, Simão R. Effect of photodynamic therapy and non-thermal plasma on root canal filling: analysis of adhesion and sealer penetration. J Appl Oral Sci 2017; 25:396-403. [PMID: 28877278 PMCID: PMC5595112 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2016-0498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and non-thermal plasma (NTP) on adhesion and sealer penetration in root canals. Material and Methods Sixty single-rooted premolars were used. The teeth were prepared using a crown-down technique. NaOCl and EDTA were used for irrigation and smear layer removal, respectively. The root canals were divided into three groups: control, PDT, and NTP. After treatments, the roots were filled using gutta-percha and either AH Plus (AHP) or MTA Fillapex (MTAF) sealers. Samples were sectioned at 4, 8, and 12 mm from the apex (1-mm slices)and analyzed by the push-out bond strength test (adhesion) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (sealer penetration). Data were statistically evaluated using Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn’s, and Spearman’s tests. Results Regarding AHP, bond strength was similar in the NTP group and in the control group, but significantly lower in the PDT group. As to MTAF, both therapies showed lower values than the control group. In the confocal analysis of AHP, maximum and mean penetration, and penetrated area were statistically higher in the control group than in the PDT and NTP groups. Penetrated perimeter was similar among groups. Regarding MTAF, all parameters yielded better results in the NTP than in the control group. The PDT and control groups showed similar results except for penetrated area. Conclusion PDT and plasma therapy affected the adhesion and sealer penetration of root canals filled with AH Plus and MTA Fillapex and there is no positive correlation between adhesion and sealer penetration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilia Menezes
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e de Materiais, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Maíra Prado
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e de Materiais, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Brenda Gomes
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, Área de Endodontia, Piracicaba, SP, Brasil
| | - Heloisa Gusman
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Clínica Odontológica, Área de Endodontia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Renata Simão
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e de Materiais, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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Yavari H, Ghasemi N, Divband B, Rezaei Y, Jabbari G, Payahoo S. The effect of photodynamic therapy and polymer solution containing nano-particles of Ag /ZnO on push-out bond strength of the sealers AH-Plus and MTA Fillapex. J Clin Exp Dent 2017; 9:e1109-e1114. [PMID: 29075413 PMCID: PMC5650213 DOI: 10.4317/jced.54069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this in vitrostudy was to examine and compare the effect of photodynamic therapy and solution containing nano particles Ag/ZnO on adhesion of endodontic sealers to dentinal walls of human root canal. Material and Methods Ninty single-rooted human teeth were selected and their clinical crown was cut from the cemento-enamel junction zone. Canals were prepared by RaCe rotary system and the smear layer was removed using 17% EDTA and 5.25% NaOCl. Samples were randomly divided into two groups of AH Plus and MTA Fillapex based on the sealer type and each group based on antimicrobial method was divided into two sub-groups of photodynamic therapy and polymer containing nano particles of Ag / ZnO and a control sub-group (N = 15). After obturation of canals with gutta-percha and sealers mentioned, the samples were incubated for a week at a humidity of 95% and 37°C and then 2mm thick discs were prepared from the middle region of roots for Push-out test. The maximum failure force was recorded in newton and converted to MPa. Then, 3 random specimens of each subgroup were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. Statistical analysis was performed by Two way ANOVA and (P<0.05) was considered significant. Results The highest (4.84 ± 1.63) and lowest (0.16 ± 0.075) push-out bond strength values were obtained in (AH Plus-PDT) and (MTA Fillapex-Ag/ZnO) respectively. Independent of antimicrobial method, AH Plus bond strength was significantly higher than the MTA Fillapex (p<0.001). For both sealers, PDT increased the bond strength significantly (p<0.001). Conclusions Photodynamic therapy has a positive effect on the bond strength of AH Plus and MTA Fillapex sealers. Key words:AH Plus, MTA Fillapex, Nano particles, Photodynamic therapy, Push-out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Yavari
- DDS, MSc, Associate Professor, Department of Endodontics, Dental Faculty, Tabriz University (Medical Sciences), Tabriz, Iran
| | - Negin Ghasemi
- DDS, MSc, Assistant Professor, Department of Endodontics, Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Dental Faculty, Tabriz University (Medical Sciences), Tabriz, Iran
| | - Baharak Divband
- Assistant Professor, Department of Chemistry, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yashar Rezaei
- Assistant Professor, Department of Dental Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Golchin Jabbari
- DDS, Endodontic Department, Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Salar Payahoo
- DDS, Department of Oral and maxillofacial radiology, Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Abstract
Commonly used irrigants do not always eradicate the entire microbial flora in infected root canals. Therefore, several other strategies, such as photodynamic therapy (PDT) have been developed. Photoactivated disinfection is based on the interaction of a photosensitive antibacterial agent and a light source. It uses a nontoxic dye named photosensitizer (PS) and low-intensity visible light. In oxygen presentation, these combine to produce some cytotoxic species. The PS molecules attach to bacteria membrane. Irradiation with a specific wavelength of the light may lead to the production of singlet oxygen, resulting in rupture of the microbial cell wall. There are several applications for PDT in dentistry. A successful periodontal treatment is based on elimination of bacteria from the infected area. Phenothiazinium PSs have been shown to be highly effective and safe for this purpose. However, scaling/root planing should be performed before the PDT. While performing the PDT, PS should be first injected in the periodontal pocket and allowed to pigment. Then, the special fiber should be inserted 1 mm short of the pocket base and lased. Photodynamic therapy has also been used to disinfect caries dentin before restoration, disinfecting oral tissues before or during surgical procedures, treating denture stomatitis, and treating oral candidiasis in immunocompromised patients. Photodynamic therapy can be used in combination with mechanical instrumentation and chemical antimicrobial agents, such as sodium hypochlo-rite, too. The purpose of this study was to review historical perspective, mechanism of action, and applications of PDT in dentistry and especially in endodontics was reviewed. Furthermore, the effects of PDT on dentin bonding and endo-toxin are discussed. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Photodynamic therapy has been advocated to increase the disinfection level of the root canal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahed Mohammadi
- Iranian Center for Endodontic Research, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran; Iranian National Elite Foundation, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Hamid Jafarzadeh
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Dental Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad, Islamic Republic of Iran, Phone: +985138829501, e-mail: hamid_j365@ yahoo.com/
| | - Sousan Shalavi
- Private Dental Clinic, Hamedan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Jun-Ichiro Kinoshita
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Showa University Dental Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Push-out Bond Strength of RealSeal SE and AH Plus after Using Different Irrigation Solutions. J Endod 2014; 40:1654-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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de Oliveira BP, Aguiar CM, Câmara AC. Photodynamic therapy in combating the causative microorganisms from endodontic infections. Eur J Dent 2014; 8:424-430. [PMID: 25202228 PMCID: PMC4144146 DOI: 10.4103/1305-7456.137662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is presented as a promising antimicrobial therapy that can eliminate microorganisms present in endodontic infections. This treatment is based on the use of a nontoxic photosensitizing agent followed by irradiation of a resonant light source being capable of generating highly reactive species that are harmful to microorganisms. The purpose of this paper is to review the dental literature about the main factors that encompass the use of PDT combined with endodontic treatment for decontamination of the root canal system. A literature search was performed using the following index databases: PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge and MedLine, between 2000 and 2014, looking for studies regarding antimicrobial action of PDT and its application to endodontic therapy. It was observed that despite numerous promising results, it is still necessary to establish different parameters so that PDT can be used with maximum effectiveness in eliminating microorganisms that cause endodontic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Paloma de Oliveira
- Department of Prosthodontics and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental School, Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Carlos Menezes Aguiar
- Department of Prosthodontics and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental School, Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Andréa Cruz Câmara
- Department of Prosthodontics and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental School, Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil
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