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Rubinsztajn S, Chojnowski J, Mizerska U. Tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane-catalyzed Hydride Transfer Reactions in Polysiloxane Chemistry-Piers-Rubinsztajn Reaction and Related Processes. Molecules 2023; 28:5941. [PMID: 37630197 PMCID: PMC10459531 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28165941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane (TPFPB) is a unique Lewis acid that catalyzes the condensation between hydrosilanes (Si-H) and alkoxysilanes (Si-OR), leading to the formation of siloxane bonds (Si-OSi) with the release of hydrocarbon (R-H) as a byproduct-the so-called Piers-Rubinsztajn reaction. The analogous reactions of hydrosilanes with silanols (Si-OH), alcohols (R-OH), ethers (R-OR') or water in the presence of TPFPB leads to the formation of a siloxane bond, alkoxysilane (Si-OR or Si-OR') or silanol (Si-OH), respectively. The above processes, often referred to as Piers-Rubinsztajn reactions, provide new synthetic tools for the controlled synthesis of siloxane materials under mild conditions with high yields. The common feature of these reactions is the TPFPB-mediated hydride transfer from silicon to carbon or hydrogen. This review presents a summary of 20 years of research efforts related to this field, with a focus on new synthetic methodologies leading to numerous previously difficult to synthesize well-defined siloxane oligomers, polymers and copolymers of a complex structure and potential applications of these new materials. In addition, the mechanistic aspects of the recently discovered reactions involving hydride transfer from silicon to silicon are discussed in more detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slawomir Rubinsztajn
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies of Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-636 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Julian Chojnowski
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies of Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-636 Lodz, Poland;
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Gunes D, Karagoz B. Synthesis of Core-Shell Polyborosiloxanes as a Heat-Resistant Platform. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:43877-43882. [PMID: 36506153 PMCID: PMC9730314 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Herein, new polyborosiloxanes (PBSs) were prepared using a straightforward synthetic approach to obtain a core-shell structure as a material with various features such as better adhesion ability to the applied surface and enhanced thermal properties. In this concept, in situ core-shell formation was allowed by sequential addition of ingredients with fixed conversions. First, pre-condensed polysiloxane was synthesized, with a 60% conversion, as a core by the reaction of phenyltriethoxysilane in the presence of water in an acidic condition. Subsequent addition of boric acid into the pre-condensate and a further condensation reaction resulted in the formation of the shell layer through the introduction of the -Si-O-B- bonds to the network of the PBS. The resulting resin was used as a binder for heat-resistant paint in combination with an aluminum pigment, and the paint applied on a metal plate was found to be resistant up to 600 °C in terms of adhesion strength. It was also demonstrated that the incorporation of boron in the core-shell structure showed better adhesion strength than the one-pot preparation of PBS. Using this method, not only the heat resistance requirement of the industrial coating was achieved but also the flame-retardant ability was introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Gunes
- Department
of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
- Denge
Kimya ve Tekstil San. Tic. A.S, Velimese OSB Mah. 259. Sk. No:4/1, Ergene, 59880 Tekirdag, Turkey
| | - Bunyamin Karagoz
- Department
of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
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Drozdov FV, Manokhina EA, Vu TD, Muzafarov AM. Polyborosiloxanes (PBS): Evolution of Approaches to the Synthesis and the Prospects of Their Application. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14224824. [PMID: 36432951 PMCID: PMC9696069 DOI: 10.3390/polym14224824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The mini-review deals with borosiloxanes as a class of organoelement compounds that comprise Si-O-B bonds, including individual compounds and polymeric structures. The borosiloxanes first synthesized in the 1950s using simple methods demonstrated very unusual properties but were hydrolytically unstable. However, in recent times, synthetic methods have changed significantly, which made it possible to synthesize borosiloxanes that are resistant to external factors, including atmospheric moisture. Borosiloxanes became important due to their unique properties. For example, borosiloxane liquids acquire a thixotropic behavior due to donor-acceptor interchain interactions. In addition, borosiloxanes are used to produce flame-retardant ceramics. An analysis of the literature sources shows that no review has yet been completed on the topic of borosiloxanes. Therefore, we decided that even a brief outlook of this area would be useful for researchers in this and related fields. Thus, the review shows the evolution of the synthesis methods and covers the studies on the properties of these unique molecules, the latest achievements in this field, and the prospects for their application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fedor V. Drozdov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117393 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Elizaveta A. Manokhina
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tran D. Vu
- Institute of Tropical Durability, Joint Russia-Vietnam Tropical Science and Technology, Hanoi 122103, Vietnam
| | - Aziz M. Muzafarov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117393 Moscow, Russia
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Cui H, Jing Q, Li D, Zhuang T, Gao Y, Ran X. Study on the high‐temperature damping properties of silicone rubber modified by boron‐terminated polysiloxane. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Cui
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun China
| | - Qian Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun China
| | - Dongwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun China
| | - Tingting Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun China
| | - Yixing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun China
| | - Xianghai Ran
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun China
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Gao H, Battley A, Leitao EM. The ultimate Lewis acid catalyst: using tris(pentafluorophenyl) borane to create bespoke siloxane architectures. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:7451-7465. [PMID: 35726789 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00441k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The breadth of utility of a commercially available and stable strong Lewis acid catalyst, tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane, has been explored, highlighting its use towards a wide range of unique siloxane products and their corresponding applications. This article focuses on the variety of different outcomes that this impressive borane offers in controlled and selective manners by the variation of reaction conditions, precursor functionalities, reagent or catalyst loading, and the mechanistic considerations that contribute. With a predominant focus on the Piers-Rubinsztajn reaction and its modifications, tris(pentaflurophenyl)borane's utility is highlighted in the synthesis of linear, cyclic and macrocyclic siloxanes, aryl-/alkoxysiloxanes, and other bespoke products. The significance of the catalytic transformation within the field of siloxane chemistry is discussed alongside some of the challenges that arise from using the borane catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hetian Gao
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag, 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand. .,The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, New Zealand
| | - Andrew Battley
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag, 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Erin M Leitao
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag, 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand. .,The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, New Zealand
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Bezlepkina KA, Milenin SA, Vasilenko NG, Muzafarov AM. Ring-Opening Polymerization (ROP) and Catalytic Rearrangement as a Way to Obtain Siloxane Mono- and Telechelics, as Well as Well-Organized Branching Centers: History and Prospects. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14122408. [PMID: 35745987 PMCID: PMC9229176 DOI: 10.3390/polym14122408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PDMS telechelics are important both in industry and in academic research. They are used both in the free state and as part of copolymers and cross-linked materials. At present, the most important, practically used, and well-studied method for the preparation of such PDMS is diorganosiloxane ring-opening polymerization (ROP) in the presence of nucleophilic or electrophilic initiators. In our brief review, we reviewed the current advances in the field of obtaining polydiorganosiloxane telechelics and monofunctional PDMS, as well as well-organized branching centers by the ROP mechanism and catalytic rearrangement, one of the first and most important reactions in the polymer chemistry of silicones, which remains so at the present time.
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(Trifluorosilyl)methyl 2-methylacrylate: Synthesis, experimental and theoretical studies. J Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2021.122210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Szawiola A, Lessard BH, Raboui H, Bender TP. Use of Piers-Rubinsztajn Chemistry to Access Unique and Challenging Silicon Phthalocyanines. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:26857-26869. [PMID: 34693107 PMCID: PMC8529611 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c02738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Axial functionalization is one mode that enables the solubility of silicon phthalocyanines (SiPcs). Our group observed that the use of typical axial functionalization methodologies on reaction of Cl2SiPc with the chlorotriphenyl silane reagent unexpectedly resulted in the equal formation of triphenyl silyloxy silicon tetrabenzotriazacorrole ((3PS)-SiTbc) and the desired bis(tri-phenyl siloxy)-silicon phthalocyanine ((3PS)2-SiPc). The formation of a (3PS)-SiTbc was unexpected, and the separation of (3PS)-SiTbc and (3PS)2-SiPc was difficult. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the use of Piers-Rubinsztajn (PR) chemistry as an alternative method to functionalize the axial position of a SiPc to avoid the generation of a Tbc derivative. PR chemistry is a novel method to form a Si-O bond starting with a Si-H-based reactant and a -OH-based nucleophile enabled by tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane as a catalyst. The PR chemistry was screened on several fronts on how it can be applied to SiPcs. It was found that the process needs to be run in nitrobenzene at a molar ratio and at a particular temperature. To this end, the triphenylsiloxy derivative (3PS)2-SiPc was produced and fully characterized, without the production of a Tbc derivative. In addition, we explored and outlined that the PR chemistry method can enable the formation of other SiPc derivatives that are inaccessible utilizing other established axial substitution chemistry methods such as (TM3)2-SiPc and (MDM)2-SiPc. These additional materials were also physically characterized. The main conclusion is that the PR chemistry method can be applied to SiPcs and yield several alternative derivatives and has the potential to apply to additional macrocyclic compounds for unique derivative formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjuli
M. Szawiola
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Benoit H. Lessard
- Department
of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Hasan Raboui
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Timothy P. Bender
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Toronto, 184 College
Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E4, Canada
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Rubinsztajn S, Mizerska U, Zakrzewska J, Uznanski P, Cypryk M, Fortuniak W. Effect of temperature on B(C 6F 5) 3-catalysed reduction of germanium alkoxides by hydrosilanes - a new route to germanium nanoparticles. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:7319-7323. [PMID: 32478766 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01555e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reduction of Ge(OBu)4 with PhMe2SiH catalyzed by B(C6F5)3 at ambient temperature leads to GeH4. We discovered that a higher temperature (above 100 °C) completely changes the reaction course by producing germanium nanoparticles (Ge NPs) in high yield. This process provides a simple one-pot method for Ge NPs synthesis from readily available substrates under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slawomir Rubinsztajn
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, Lodz, 90-363, Poland.
| | - Urszula Mizerska
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, Lodz, 90-363, Poland.
| | - Joanna Zakrzewska
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, Lodz, 90-363, Poland.
| | - Pawel Uznanski
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, Lodz, 90-363, Poland.
| | - Marek Cypryk
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, Lodz, 90-363, Poland.
| | - Witold Fortuniak
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, Lodz, 90-363, Poland.
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Synthesis and sorption activity of novel cross-linked 1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole–(trimethoxysilyl)methyl-2-methacrylate copolymers. J Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2020.121273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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