Post-traumatic vulvar hematoma secondary to coagulopathy caused by rickettsial infection

Non-Obstetric Traumatic Vulvar Hematoma Managed in a Low-Resource Setting: A Case Report of a Rare Condition

Most cases of vulvar hematomas are caused by either genital tract injury during childbirth or trauma. Although uncommon, instances of spontaneous vulvar hematomas occurring without trauma or unusual sexual practices have been reported. In this report, we present the case of a 24-year-old woman who experienced an injury after a fall, resulting in a rapidly enlarging vulvar hematoma. Due to the worsening pain and swelling, surgical intervention was undertaken for her management.

Non-Obstetric Traumatic Vulvar Hematomas in Premenarchal and Postmenarchal Girls

BACKGROUND

Traumatic non-obstetrical hematomas of the vulva are rare, and most reports only involve adult patients. There are no data on presentation, management, and outcomes from either conservative or surgical management in pediatric and adolescent patients. The objective of this project was to compare the etiology, treatment, and outcomes of traumatic vulvar hematomas occurring in premenarchal and postmenarchal young women.

METHODS

A retrospective chart review was performed on females aged 0-24 years seen at a tertiary care academic center using ICD 9 and 10 codes for traumatic vulvar hematoma from 2006-2019. Data describing their clinical presentation and course were collected. IRB approval was obtained.

RESULTS

Twenty patients, aged 3-23 years (median age of 13.5 years) were identified. All 8 premenarchal patients presented with a straddle injury, whereas only 50% of postmenarchal patients were found to have a straddle injury. Other etiologies among postmenarchal patients included consensual sexual intercourse and recent vulvar surgery. Hematoma diameter ranged from 1-3 cm in premenarchal patients and 0.4-7 cm in postmenarchal patients. Associated perineal lacerations were reported in 50% of the premenarchal girls and 8% of postmenarchal young women. Of the 8 premenarchal patients, 5 were managed conservatively, and 3 were taken to the operating room for repair of perineal lacerations; 1 patient also underwent evacuation of a 3-cm hematoma. Of the 12 postmenarchal patients, 5 had surgical intervention, 2 for pain secondary to large 7-cm hematomas and 3 for suspected vulvar abscesses, which were identified as hematomas after drainage. One patient in each group required a Foley catheter for comfort. Two postmenarchal patients required a second surgery for further wound management. One premenarchal patient with surgical treatment required a follow-up exam under anesthesia. Four patients were admitted for pain and postoperative observation, 1 of whom was premenarchal. Eleven patients were seen for follow-up, and 10 were doing well. One postmenarchal patient in the conservative management group returned to the Emergency Department with continued pain 10 days later.

CONCLUSIONS

In this study that examined traumatic vulvar hematomas in premenarchal and postmenarchal young women, the only mechanism of injury in premenarchal girls was straddle injury, and surgical intervention was usually needed only for repair of perineal lacerations, not a primary hematoma. In the postmenarchal patients, surgical intervention was undertaken for larger hematomas and suspected vulvar abscesses. Our study suggests that most hematomas up to 3 cm in premenarchal patients and up to 6 cm in postmenarchal patients can be managed conservatively.

Hematoma of the labia majora in an adolescent girl

This is a case report of a 19-year-old woman who presented with a large hematoma of her labia majora after consensual sexual intercourse that required surgical intervention. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of such an entity. The following is a summary of the patient's clinical presentation and management, as well as a review of the literature regarding genital injuries in adolescent girls.

Transperineal sonography of a large vulvar hematoma following blunt perineal trauma

Vulvar hematomas may result from puerperal or nonpuerperal-related trauma. These perineal injuries, especially the puerperal type, may be life-threatening and require surgical exploration, evacuation, and hemostasis. In the absence of acute hematoma expansion, expectant management may suffice. Experience with transperineal sonography in the assessment of female perineal trauma has been limited to a single case report pertaining to a puerperal vulvar hematoma. We present an unusual case in which the transperineal sonographic appearance of a large vulvar hematoma following a straddle injury to the perineum assisted in the expectant management of this condition.