1
|
Lin J, Chen F, Bao C, Ma J, Li D, Zheng L, Zhu W, Chen W, Liu X. Investigation of an artificial solution degradant of linagliptin: An undesired linagliptin urea derivative generates in sample preparation of linagliptin tablet treated by sonication in acetonitrile containing diluent. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 210:114540. [PMID: 34954487 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
During the related substances testing method development for linagliptin tablet, an unknown peak was observed in HPLC chromatograms with a level exceeding the identification threshold. By using a strategy that combines LC-PDA/UV-MSn with mechanism-based stress studies, the unknown peak was rapidly identified as linagliptin urea, a solution degradant that is caused by the reaction between the API and hydrocyanic acid with sonication treatment to accelerate dissolution of the drug substance in sample preparation of linagliptin tablets, and hydrocyanic acid is a known impurity in HPLC grade acetonitrile and acetonitrile is used as part of diluent. The mechanism of the solution degradation chemistry was verified by stressing linagliptin API with trimethylsilyl cyanide (TMSCN, which can give off HCN slowly in the presence of water) treated with sonication in the sample preparation. Further investigation found that when the sonication treatment was replaced by vortex vibration in the process of the sample preparation, the RRT 1.28 species was decreased to below the level of the detection limit (0.02%). The structure of this impurity was further confirmed through the synthesis of the impurity and subsequent structure characterization by 1D and 2D NMR. Due to the presence of trace amount of HCN in HPLC grade acetonitrile, these types of solution degradation would likely occur in analysis of pharmaceutical finished products containing APIs with primary and secondary amine moieties drug product during sample preparations, particularly when sonication treatment is used to accelerate dissolution of drug substance from the finished drug product. In the GMP quality control laboratories, such events may trigger undesirable out-of-specification (OOS) events. Hence, the results of this paper can help to prevent these events from happening in the first place or resolve these OOS events in GMP laboratories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinsheng Lin
- Center of Excellence for Modern Analytical Technologies (CEMAT), Zhejiang Huahai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Xunqiao, Linhai, Zhejiang 317204, PR China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China.
| | - Feifei Chen
- Center of Excellence for Modern Analytical Technologies (CEMAT), Zhejiang Huahai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Xunqiao, Linhai, Zhejiang 317204, PR China
| | - Chaohua Bao
- Quality Control Department of Formulation Project Management, Zhejiang Huahai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Xunqiao, Linhai, Zhejiang 317204, PR China
| | - Jian Ma
- Center of Excellence for Modern Analytical Technologies (CEMAT), Zhejiang Huahai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Xunqiao, Linhai, Zhejiang 317204, PR China
| | - Dan Li
- Center of Excellence for Modern Analytical Technologies (CEMAT), Zhejiang Huahai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Xunqiao, Linhai, Zhejiang 317204, PR China
| | - Lewei Zheng
- Center of Excellence for Modern Analytical Technologies (CEMAT), Zhejiang Huahai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Xunqiao, Linhai, Zhejiang 317204, PR China
| | - Wenquan Zhu
- Center of Excellence for Modern Analytical Technologies (CEMAT), Zhejiang Huahai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Xunqiao, Linhai, Zhejiang 317204, PR China
| | - Wenbin Chen
- Center of Excellence for Modern Analytical Technologies (CEMAT), Zhejiang Huahai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Xunqiao, Linhai, Zhejiang 317204, PR China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- Formulation Plant, Zhejiang Huahai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Xunqiao, Linhai, Zhejiang 317204, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Improving Robustness of Pharmaceutical Dosage form Sample Preparation Using Experimental Design and Process Understanding Tools. Chromatographia 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-020-03969-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
3
|
Datar PA, Waghmare RU. Development and validation of an analytical method for the stability of duloxetine hydrochloride. JOURNAL OF TAIBAH UNIVERSITY FOR SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtusci.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prasanna A. Datar
- Department of Quality Assurance Techniques, Sinhgad Institute of Pharmacy, Narhe, Pune 411041, India
| | - Rohan U. Waghmare
- Department of Quality Assurance Techniques, Sinhgad Institute of Pharmacy, Narhe, Pune 411041, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Critical review of reports on impurity and degradation product profiling in the last decade. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
5
|
Xu Y, Wen X, Feng X, Liang Z, Ye X, Nie H, Liao X, Li J, Zeng Y, Tang S, He J. Preparation, characterization, and pharmacokinetics in swine of a florfenicol enteric formulation prepared using hot-melt extrusion technology. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2018; 41:572-580. [PMID: 29500829 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to manufacture an enteric formulation of florfenicol (FF) using hot-melt extrusion (HME) technology and to evaluate its in vitro dissolution and in vivo pharmacokinetics. For the HME process, hypromellose acetate succinate LG (HPMCAS-LG) was the enteric polymer mixed with FF, and the two components were extruded with a standard screw configuration at a speed of 50 rpm. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were performed to characterize the HME extrudate. The release percentage of the enteric formulation in the acidic stage was <10% of the loaded FF, whereas that in the phosphate buffer stage was >80%. Pharmacokinetic evaluations in swine revealed that the enteric formulation had a longer t1/2λ and MRT than commercially available FF powder (FULAIKA® ), indicating that the novel formulation exhibited enteric and sustained release properties. Compared with the commercial product, the relative bioavailability of the enteric formulation reached up to 117.2%. This study suggests that this formulation may have potential for future commercialization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - X Wen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - X Feng
- The Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Z Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - X Ye
- The Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - H Nie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - X Liao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - J Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Y Zeng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - S Tang
- The Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - J He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mechanistic Studies of the N-formylation of Edivoxetine, a Secondary Amine-Containing Drug, in a Solid Oral Dosage Form. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:1218-1238. [PMID: 28159638 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Edivoxetine (LY2216684 HCl), although a chemically stable drug substance, has shown the tendency to degrade in the presence of carbohydrates that are commonly used tablet excipients, especially at high excipient:drug ratios. The major degradation product has been identified as N-formyl edivoxetine. Experimental evidence including solution and solid-state investigations, is consistent with the N-formylation degradation pathway resulting from a direct reaction of edivoxetine with (1) formic acid (generated from decomposition of microcrystalline cellulose or residual glucose) and (2) the reducing sugar ends (aldehydic carbons) of either residual glucose or the microcrystalline cellulose polymer. Results of labeling experiments indicate that the primary source of the formyl group is the C1 position from reducing sugars. Presence of water or moisture accelerates this degradation pathway. Investigations in solid and solution states support that the glucose Amadori Rearrangement Product does not appear to be a direct intermediate leading to N-formyl degradation of edivoxetine, and oxygen does not appear to play a significant role. Solution-phase studies, developed to rapidly assess propensity of amines toward Maillard reactivity and formylation, were extended to show comparative behavior with example systems. The cyclic amine systems, such as edivoxetine, showed the highest propensity toward these side reactions.
Collapse
|
7
|
Formation of copper(I) from trace levels of copper(II) as an artifactual impurity in the HPLC analysis of olanzapine. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 125:186-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
8
|
Vermisoglou EC, Giannouri M, Todorova N, Giannakopoulou T, Lekakou C, Trapalis C. Recycling of typical supercapacitor materials. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2016; 34:337-344. [PMID: 26862148 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x15625373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A simple, facile and low-cost method for recycling of supercapacitor materials is proposed. This process aims to recover some fundamental components of a used supercapacitor, namely the electrolyte salt tetraethyl ammonium tetrafluoroborate (TEABF4) dissolved in an aprotic organic solvent such as acetonitrile (ACN), the carbonaceous material (activated charcoal, carbon nanotubes) purified, the current collector (aluminium foil) and the separator (paper) for further utilization. The method includes mechanical shredding of the supercapacitor in order to reduce its size, and separation of aluminium foil and paper from the carbonaceous resources containing TEABF4 by sieving. The extraction of TEABF4 from the carbonaceous material was based on its solubility in water and subsequent separation through filtering and distillation. A cyclic voltammetry curve of the recycled carbonaceous material revealed supercapacitor behaviour allowing a potential reutilization. Furthermore, as BF4(-) stemming from TEABF4 can be slowly hydrolysed in an aqueous environment, thus releasing F(-) anions, which are hazardous, we went on to their gradual trapping with calcium acetate and conversion to non-hazardous CaF2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleni C Vermisoglou
- Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, 'Demokritos', Ag. Paraskevi, Attikis, Greece
| | - Maria Giannouri
- Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, 'Demokritos', Ag. Paraskevi, Attikis, Greece
| | - Nadia Todorova
- Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, 'Demokritos', Ag. Paraskevi, Attikis, Greece
| | | | - Constantina Lekakou
- Division of Mechanical, Medical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Christos Trapalis
- Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, 'Demokritos', Ag. Paraskevi, Attikis, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Alsante KM, Huynh-Ba KC, Baertschi SW, Reed RA, Landis MS, Furness S, Olsen B, Mowery M, Russo K, Iser R, Stephenson GA, Jansen P. Recent trends in product development and regulatory issues on impurities in active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and drug products. Part 2: Safety considerations of impurities in pharmaceutical products and surveying the impurity landscape. AAPS PharmSciTech 2014; 15:237-51. [PMID: 24363207 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-013-0061-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|