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Khamis MM, Adamko DJ, El-Aneed A. STRATEGIES AND CHALLENGES IN METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR THE ABSOLUTE QUANTIFICATION OF ENDOGENOUS BIOMARKER METABOLITES USING LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY-TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2021; 40:31-52. [PMID: 31617245 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomics is a dynamically evolving field, with a major application in identifying biomarkers for drug development and personalized medicine. Numerous metabolomic studies have identified endogenous metabolites that, in principle, are eligible for translation to clinical practice. However, few metabolomic-derived biomarker candidates have been qualified by regulatory bodies for clinical applications. Such interruption in the biomarker qualification process can be largely attributed to various reasons including inappropriate study design and inadequate data to support the clinical utility of the biomarkers. In addition, the lack of robust assays for the routine quantification of candidate biomarkers has been suggested as a potential bottleneck in the biomarker qualification process. In fact, the nature of the endogenous metabolites precludes the application of the current validation guidelines for bioanalytical methods. As a result, there have been individual efforts in modifying existing guidelines and/or developing alternative approaches to facilitate method validation. In this review, three main challenges for method development and validation for endogenous metabolites are discussed, namely matrix effects evaluation, alternative analyte-free matrices, and the choice of internal standards (ISs). Some studies have modified the equations described by the European Medicines Agency for the evaluation of matrix effects. However, alternative strategies were also described; for instance, calibration curves can be generated in solvents and in biological samples and the slopes can be compared through ratios, relative standard deviation, or a modified Stufour suggested approaches while quantifying mainly endogenous metabolitesdent t-test. ISs, on the contrary, are diverse; in which seven different possible types, used in metabolomics-based studies, were identified in the literature. Each type has its advantages and limitations; however, isotope-labeled ISs and ISs created through isotope derivatization show superior performance. Finally, alternative matrices have been described and tested during method development and validation for the quantification of endogenous entities. These alternatives are discussed in detail, highlighting their advantages and shortcomings. The goal of this review is to compare, apprise, and debate current knowledge and practices in order to aid researchers and clinical scientists in developing robust assays needed during the qualification process of candidate metabolite biomarkers. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Mass Spec Rev.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona M Khamis
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Rd, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Darryl J Adamko
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 103 Hospital Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Anas El-Aneed
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Rd, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E5, Canada
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Simultaneous determination of five amino acid neurotransmitters in rat and porcine blood and brain by two-dimensional liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1163:122507. [PMID: 33387860 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A method for the simultaneous determination of aspartic acid (Asp), glutamic acid (Glu), glycine (Gly), taurine (Tau) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in animal blood and brain by two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC) combined with ultraviolet detection was established for the first time. First, the amino acid neurotransmitters (AANTs) were labeled on the corresponding fluorescent derivatives with 4-fluoro-7-nitrobenzofurazan (NBD-F), enriched on the extraction column and automatically transferred to the analytical column to achieve on-line extraction and complete separation of the target components. This method exhibited good selectivity, and the correlation coefficients for the analyte calibration curves of were > 0.99. The intra- and inter-day precisions were ≤ 16.03, and the accuracies were in the range of 70.59-116.20%. The system realizes the rapid detection and stability quantification of the five AANTs, which proves that the alternative dilution method is feasible. The results show that the system has high loading capacity, excellent resolution, and good peak shape and is not affected by other endogenous substances. Moreover, the developed method has been successfully applied to the analysis of biological samples in the blood and whole brain of rats and pigs. The content of AANTs in the hippocampus and cortex of rats was higher than that in those of pigs. This method is expected to provide applicability for the determination of AANTs in pharmacological, pharmaceutical and clinical research in nervous science.
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Haijes HA, Willemse EAJ, Gerrits J, van der Flier WM, Teunissen CE, Verhoeven-Duif NM, Jans JJM. Assessing the Pre-Analytical Stability of Small-Molecule Metabolites in Cerebrospinal Fluid Using Direct-Infusion Metabolomics. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9100236. [PMID: 31635433 PMCID: PMC6835587 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9100236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics studies aiming to find biomarkers frequently make use of historical or multicenter cohorts. These samples often have different pre-analytical conditions that potentially affect metabolite concentrations. We studied the effect of different storage conditions on the stability of small-molecule metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid to aid a reliable interpretation of metabolomics data. Three cerebrospinal fluid pools were prepared from surplus samples from the Amsterdam Dementia Cohort biobank. Aliquoted pools were exposed to different storage conditions to assess the temperature and freeze/thaw stability before final storage at −80 °C: storage up to four months at −20 °C and up to one week at either 5–8 °C or 18–22 °C and exposure to up to seven freeze/thaw cycles. Direct-infusion high-resolution mass spectrometry was performed, resulting in the identification of 1852 m/z peaks. To test the storage stability, principal component analyses, repeated measures analysis of variance, Kruskal–Wallis tests, and fold change analyses were performed, all demonstrating that small-molecule metabolites in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are relatively unaffected by 1–3 freeze/thaw cycles, by storage at −20 °C up to two months, by storage at 5–8 °C for up to 72 h, or by storage at 18–22 °C for up to 8 h. This suggests that these differences do not affect the interpretation of potential small-molecule biomarkers in multicenter or historical cohorts and implies that these cohorts are suitable for biomarker studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanneke A Haijes
- Section Metabolic Diagnostics, Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Lundlaan 6, 3584 EA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Section Metabolic Diseases, Department of Child Health, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Lundlaan 6, 3584 EA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Eline A J Willemse
- Neurochemistry Laboratory and Biobank, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Johan Gerrits
- Section Metabolic Diagnostics, Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Lundlaan 6, 3584 EA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Wiesje M van der Flier
- Alzheimer Center and Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Charlotte E Teunissen
- Neurochemistry Laboratory and Biobank, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Nanda M Verhoeven-Duif
- Section Metabolic Diagnostics, Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Lundlaan 6, 3584 EA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Judith J M Jans
- Section Metabolic Diagnostics, Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Lundlaan 6, 3584 EA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Sun N, Wu Y, Zhao L, He H, Mei D, Zhang S, Zhang X, Zhang M, Wang X. A rapid and sensitive HPLC-MS/MS method for determination of endogenous creatine biosynthesis precursors in plasma of children with viral myocarditis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1118-1119:148-156. [PMID: 31039544 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A simple, rapid and sensitive HPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of 4 of amino acids, guanidinoacetic acid, S-adenosylmethionine and S-adenosylhomocysteine in human plasma was developed and validated. The method requires no tedious sample preparation, derivatization reagents or ion-pairing reagents. Samples were prepared by combining plasma with a chilled mixture of acetonitrile (ACN) and water, followed by centrifugation and diluting the supernatant with 2 volumes of water. Analytes were detected with multiple reaction monitoring using a positive scan mode with electrospray ionization (ESI). In the assay, all the analytes showed good linearity over the investigated concentration range (r > 0.99). The accuracy expressed in relative error (RE) was between -5.0% and 13.2%, and the precision expressed in coefficient of variation (CV) ranged from 0.6% to 14.7%. In the two spiked levels (low and high), the averaged recoveries of analytes were between 45.0% and 110.9% and the recovery of internal standard was 92.0%. This method was successfully applied to studying the concentration changes of endogenous creatine (Cr) synthesis precursors in the plasma of children with viral myocarditis after intravenous administration of phosphocreatine (PCr).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Sun
- Clinical Research Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, 100045, China
| | - Yunjiao Wu
- Clinical Research Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, 100045, China
| | - Libo Zhao
- Clinical Research Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, 100045, China
| | - Huan He
- Clinical Research Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, 100045, China
| | - Dong Mei
- Clinical Research Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, 100045, China
| | - Shuyv Zhang
- Clinical Research Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, 100045, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Clinical Research Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, 100045, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Clinical Research Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, 100045, China
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Clinical Research Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, 100045, China.
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Khamis MM, Adamko DJ, Purves RW, El-Aneed A. Quantitative determination of potential urine biomarkers of respiratory illnesses using new targeted metabolomic approach. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1047:81-92. [PMID: 30567667 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The diagnosis of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can be challenging due to the overlap in their clinical presentations in some patients. There is a need for a more objective clinical test that can be routinely used in primary care settings. Through an untargeted 1H NMR urine metabolomic approach, we identified a set of endogenous metabolites as potential biomarkers for the differentiation of asthma and COPD. A subset of these potential biomarkers contains 7 highly polar metabolites of diverse physicochemical properties. To the best of our knowledge, there is no liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method that evaluated more than two of the target metabolites in a single analytical run. The target metabolites belong to the families of monosaccharides, organic acids, amino acids, quaternary ammonium compounds and nucleic acids, rendering hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) an ideal technology for their quantification. Since a clinical decision is to be made from patients data, a fully validated analytical method is required for biomarker validation. Method validation for endogenous metabolites is a daunting task since current guidelines were designed for exogenous compounds. As such, innovative approaches were adopted to meet the validation requirements. Herein, we describe a sensitive HILIC-MS/MS method for the quantification of the 7 endogenous urinary metabolites. Detection was achieved in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode with polarity switching, using quadrupole-linear ion trap instrument (QTRAP 6500) as well as single ion monitoring in the negative-ion mode. The method was fully validated according to the regulatory guidelines. Linearity was established between 6 and 21000 ng/mL and quality control samples demonstrated acceptable intra- and inter-day accuracy (85.7%-112%), intra- and inter-day precision (CV% <11.5%) as well as stability under various storage and sample processing conditions. To illustrate the method's applicability, the validated method was applied to the analysis of a small set of urine samples collected from asthma and COPD patients. Preliminary modelling of separation was generated using partial least square discriminant analysis (R2 0.752 and Q2 0.57). The adequate separation between patient samples confirms the diagnostic potential of these target metabolites as a proof-of-concept for the differentiation between asthma and COPD. However, more patient urine samples are needed in order to increase the statistical power of the analytical model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona M Khamis
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Darryl J Adamko
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Randy W Purves
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA), Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Anas El-Aneed
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
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Bioanalytical method development and validation for the determination of glycine in human cerebrospinal fluid by ion-pair reversed-phase liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 128:132-140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Baghdady YZ, Schug KA. Review of in situ derivatization techniques for enhanced bioanalysis using liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2015; 39:102-14. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201501003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yehia Z. Baghdady
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; The University of Texas at Arlington; Arlington TX USA
| | - Kevin A. Schug
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; The University of Texas at Arlington; Arlington TX USA
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Liu Z, Zhang L, He Q, Liu X, Chukwunweike Ikechukwu O, Tong L, Guo L, Yang H, Zhang Q, Zhao H, Gu X. Effect of Baicalin-loaded PEGylated cationic solid lipid nanoparticles modified by OX26 antibody on regulating the levels of baicalin and amino acids during cerebral ischemia–reperfusion in rats. Int J Pharm 2015; 489:131-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Wilson SF, Kerr SJ, Rose MJ, James CA. Validation of a method for the determination of AMG 579 in cerebrospinal fluid with a focus on sample collection procedures for clinical trials. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 108:49-55. [PMID: 25706859 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of pharmaceutical compounds in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) may present challenges due to the combination of the low protein content in this matrix and relatively low drug concentrations, often corresponding to free drug concentrations in plasma, typically found in CSF. A 30% loss of AMG 579 was observed during preparation of quality control samples and further investigation determined that this loss was likely due to binding to collection tubes. This observation also highlighted the possibility of additional losses of AMG 579 that could occur during collection of clinical samples, such as binding to catheters used in the collection of CSF. Loss of AMG 579 in QC samples was reduced from 30% to 5% when the volume of CSF stored in 1.5 mL vials was increased from 0.06 mL to 1 mL. Modest but unavoidable losses of about 20% of AMG 579 were also found following perfusion through both silicone and polypropylene (Pharmed(®) BPT) collection catheters. Silicone tubing was used for CSF collection based on clinical site preference. An LC-MS/MS method was validated to quantify AMG 579 in human CSF to support clinical testing. The original range of the assay was 1-1000 ng/mL but the LLOQ was subsequently lowered to 0.1 ng/mL to better meet project requirements. Interday bias (% RE) and precision (% CV) were -4.2% and 12.3% at the LLOQ, and less than ± 0.9% and 8.3% for higher concentrations, respectively. The compound was stable in human CSF for at least 5h at room temperature, 55 days at -70 °C (-60 to -80 °C range), and through three freeze-thaw cycles. Careful selection of assay conditions and materials minimized losses of the compound during sample collection and storage. While these losses could not be entirely eliminated, practical sample collection and storage conditions were established to allow for analysis of AMG 579 in human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah F Wilson
- Pharmacokinetics & Drug Metabolism, Amgen, Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA.
| | - Savannah J Kerr
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, H-272, Box 357610, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Mark J Rose
- CHDI Management, Inc., 6080 Center Drive, Suite 100, Los Angeles, CA 90045, USA
| | - Christopher A James
- Pharmacokinetics & Drug Metabolism, Amgen, Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA
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Tang YB, Sun F, Teng L, Li WB, An SM, Zhang C, Yang XJ, Lv HY, Ding XP, Zhu L, Chen HZ. Simultaneous determination of the repertoire of classical neurotransmitters released from embryonal carcinoma stem cells using online microdialysis coupled with hydrophilic interaction chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 849:70-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Quantitative determination of glycine in aqueous solution using glutamate dehydrogenase-immobilized glyoxal agarose beads. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 172:289-97. [PMID: 24078189 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0543-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, an enzymatic procedure for the determination of glycine (Gly) was developed by using a column containing immobilized glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) on glyoxal agarose beads. Ammonia is produced from the enzymatic reactions between Gly and GDH with NAD(+) in phosphate buffer medium. The indophenol blue method was used for ammonia detection based on the spectrophotometric measurements of blue-colored product absorbing at 640 nm. The calibration graph is linear in the range of 0.1-10 mM of Gly concentrations. The effect of pH, temperature, and time interval was studied to find column stability, and also the interference effects of other amino acids was investigated. The interaction between GDH and glyoxal agarose beads was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The morphology of the immobilized and non-immobilized agarose beads were characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM).
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Effect of Buyang Huanwu decoction on amino acid content in cerebrospinal fluid of rats during ischemic/reperfusion injury. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2013; 86:143-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Voehringer P, Fuertig R, Ferger B. A novel liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method for the quantification of glycine as biomarker in brain microdialysis and cerebrospinal fluid samples within 5min. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 939:92-7. [PMID: 24121745 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Glycine is an important amino acid neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS) and a useful biomarker to indicate biological activity of drugs such as glycine reuptake inhibitors (GRI) in the brain. Here, we report how a liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the fast and reliable analysis of glycine in brain microdialysates and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples has been established. Additionally, we compare this method with the conventional approach of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to fluorescence detection (FD). The present LC-MS/MS method did not require any derivatisation step. Fifteen microliters of sample were injected for analysis. Glycine was detected by a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer in the positive electrospray ionisation (ESI) mode. The total running time was 5min. The limit of quantitation (LOQ) was determined as 100nM, while linearity was given in the range from 100nM to 100μM. In order to demonstrate the feasibility of the LC-MS/MS method, we measured glycine levels in striatal in vivo microdialysates and CSF of rats after administration of the commercially available glycine transporter 1 (GlyT1) inhibitor LY 2365109 (10mg/kg, p.o.). LY 2365109 produced 2-fold and 3-fold elevated glycine concentrations from 1.52μM to 3.6μM in striatal microdialysates and from 10.38μM to 36μM in CSF, respectively. In conclusion, we established a fast and reliable LC-MS/MS method, which can be used for the quantification of glycine in brain microdialysis and CSF samples in biomarker studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Voehringer
- CNS Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88397 Biberach, Germany
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Sun Y, Xu X, Mou Z, Wang J, Tan Z, Wu S. Analysis of free amino acids in Amur sturgeon by ultra-performance liquid chromatography using pre-column derivatization with 6-aminoquinolyl-carbamyl. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:3421-6. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 08/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanchun Sun
- College of Science; Harbin Institute of Technology; Harbin China
- Heilongjiang River Research Institute; Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences; Harbin China
| | - Xianzhu Xu
- College of Science; Harbin Institute of Technology; Harbin China
| | - Zhenbo Mou
- Heilongjiang River Research Institute; Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences; Harbin China
| | - Jing Wang
- Hospital of Harbin University of Science and Technology; Harbin China
| | - Zhijun Tan
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute; Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences; Qingdao China
| | - Song Wu
- Heilongjiang River Research Institute; Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences; Harbin China
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Stanislaus A, Guo K, Li L. Development of an isotope labeling ultra-high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometric method for quantification of acylglycines in human urine. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 750:161-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Revised: 05/05/2012] [Accepted: 05/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Nováková L. Challenges in the development of bioanalytical liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method with emphasis on fast analysis. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1292:25-37. [PMID: 22999195 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.08.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Revised: 08/26/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The development of bioanalytical methods has become more and more challenging over the past years due to very demanding requirements in terms of method reliability, sensitivity, speed of analysis and sample throughput. LC-MS/MS has established itself as a method of choice for routine analysis of biological materials. A development of such method consists of several steps including sample preparation and clean-up step, efficient chromatographic separation, sensitive and selective detection of analytes in complex matrices, a choice of convenient data processing and calibration approach and finally method validation. Each of these steps has its own constraints and challenges, which are discussed in detail in this review. Novel and modern approaches in sample preparation, chromatography and detection are especially emphasized. Attention is paid to proper calibration approach and matrix effects that can seriously affect method accuracy and precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Nováková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
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Determination of glycine in biofluid by hydrophilic interaction chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry and its application to the quantification of glycine released by embryonal carcinoma stem cells. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 905:61-6. [PMID: 22906796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Revised: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Because glycine plays a prominent role in living creatures, an accurate and precise quantitative analysis method for the compound is needed. Herein, a new approach to analyze glycine by hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) was developed. This method avoids the use of derivatization and/or ion-pairing reagents. N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) is used as the internal standard (IS). The mobile phase for the isocratic elution consisted of 10 mM ammonium formate in acetonitrile-water (70:30, v/v, adjusted to pH 2.8 with formic acid), and a flow rate of 250 μL/min was used. Two microliters of sample was injected for analysis. The signal was monitored in the positive multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The total run time was 5 min. The dynamic range was 40-2000 ng/mL for glycine in the biological matrix. The LLOQ (lower limit of quantification) of this method was 40 ng/mL (80 pg on column). The validated method was applied to determine the dynamic release of glycine from P19 embryonal carcinoma stem cells (ECSCs). Glycine spontaneously released from the ECSCs into the intercellular space gradually increased from 331.02±60.36 ng/mL at 2 min in the beginning to 963.52±283.80 ng/mL at 60 min and 948.27±235.09 ng/mL at 120 min, finally reaching a plateau, indicating that ECSCs consecutively release glycine until achieving equilibration between the release and the reuptake of the compound; on the contrary, the negative control NIH/3T3 embryonic fibroblast cells did not release glycine. This finding will help to improve our understanding of the novel effects of neurotransmitters, including glycine, on non-neural systems.
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