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Hyseni V, Elezi S, Gjikolli B, Bakalli A. Predictors of coronary artery calcium burden in asymptomatic patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2024; 21:14791641241242336. [PMID: 38523063 PMCID: PMC10962046 DOI: 10.1177/14791641241242336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Long-standing diabetes mellitus is often associated with cardiovascular complications. We aimed to evaluate the presence, extent and composition of subclinical atherosclerotic plaques in coronary arteries by Computed Tomography in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (NDT2DM), and to identify the predictors. METHODS In this study 101 consecutive patients with NDT2DM were included. Patients were categorized into five groups based on their Coronary Artery Calcium Score (CACS) ranging from 0, 0-10, 11-100, 101-400 to >400. All parameters were compared across these groups. RESULTS The average patient age was 54.4 ± 11.6 years and 48 (47.5%) were females. Eight (7.9%) patients had CACS 0, 6.9% CACS 1-10, 42.6% CACS 11-100, 22.8% CACS 101-400 and 19.8% had CACS >400. Multiple regression analysis for the general data identified weight (p = .04) and systolic blood pressure (p = .033) as independent predictors for CACS. CONCLUSIONS Asymptomatic patients with NDT2DM in more than 90% of cases may present with calcified atherosclerotic plaques and this may be predicted by: patient weight and the level of systolic arterial pressure. Our study emphasizes the need for comprehensive care and early prevention of cardiovascular complications in individuals with NDT2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Hyseni
- Clinic of Cardiology, University Clinical Center of Kosova. Pristina, Kosovo
| | - Shpend Elezi
- Clinic of Cardiology, University Clinical Center of Kosova. Pristina, Kosovo
- Medical Faculty, University of Prishtina, Prishtina Kosovo
| | - Bujar Gjikolli
- Clinic of Radiology, University Clinical Center of Kosova. Pristina, Kosovo
| | - Aurora Bakalli
- Clinic of Cardiology, University Clinical Center of Kosova. Pristina, Kosovo
- Medical Faculty, University of Prishtina, Prishtina Kosovo
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Stankute I, Dobrovolskiene R, Danyte E, Razanskaite-Virbickiene D, Jasinskiene E, Mockeviciene G, Marciulionyte D, Schwitzgebel VM, Verkauskiene R. Factors Affecting Cardiovascular Risk in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults with Type 1 Diabetes. J Diabetes Res 2019; 2019:9134280. [PMID: 31223626 PMCID: PMC6541948 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9134280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular risk and obesity are becoming major health issues among individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D). The aim of this study was to evaluate cardiovascular risk factors and obesity in youth with T1D in Lithuania. Methods. 883 patients under 25 years of age with T1D for at least 6 months were investigated. Anthropometric parameters, blood pressure, and microvascular complications were evaluated, and the lipid profile and HbA1c were determined for all patients. Results. Study subjects' mean HbA1c was 8.5 ± 2%; 19.5% were overweight and 3.6% obese. Hypertension and dyslipidemia were diagnosed in 29.8% and 62.6% of participants, respectively. HbA1c concentration was directly related to levels of total cholesterol (r = 0.274, p < 0.001), LDL (r = 0.271, p < 0.001), and triglycerides (r = 0.407, p < 0.001) and inversely associated with levels of HDL (r = 0.117, p = 0.001). Prevalence of dyslipidemia increased with duration of diabetes (p < 0.05). Hypertension was more prevalent in overweight and obese compared to normal-weight patients (40.6 and 65.6 vs. 25.6%, respectively, p < 0.001). Frequency of microvascular complications was higher among patients with dyslipidemia (27.2 vs. 18.8%, p = 0.005) and among those with hypertension (25.9 vs. 23.2%, p < 0.001). Conclusion. The frequency of cardiovascular risk factors is high in youth with T1D and associated with diabetes duration, obesity, and metabolic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrida Stankute
- Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | | | - Evalda Danyte
- Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | | | - Edita Jasinskiene
- Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Giedre Mockeviciene
- Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Dalia Marciulionyte
- Institute of Endocrinology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Valerie M. Schwitzgebel
- Pediatric Endocrine and Diabetes Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospitals of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rasa Verkauskiene
- Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
- Institute of Endocrinology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
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Zabeen B, Balsa AM, Islam N, Parveen M, Nahar J, Azad K. Lipid Profile in Relation to Glycemic Control in Type 1 Diabetes Children and Adolescents in Bangladesh. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2018; 22:89-92. [PMID: 29535944 PMCID: PMC5838919 DOI: 10.4103/ijem.ijem_217_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia are metabolic abnormalities commonly found in young patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and both increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. METHODS This cross-sectional study was aimed to evaluate the pattern of dyslipidemia and its relationship with other risk factors in children and adolescents with T1DM. A total of 576 T1DM patients aged 10-18 years who attended Changing Diabetes in Children, a pediatric diabetes clinic in Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation for Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders over 1 year period from July 2015 to June 2016 were included in this study. RESULTS The overall frequency of dyslipidemia was 65%. The high triglyceride, high cholesterol, high low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and low high-density lipoprotein were found in 50%, 66%, 75%, and 48%, respectively. Compared to patients without dyslipidemia, patients with dyslipidemia had significantly lower mean body mass index (kg/m2) (18.4 [interquartile range; 16.2-21.4] vs. 19.5 [17.3-21.5] (P = 0.005)); significantly higher median fasting blood sugar (12.7 [9.9-15.2] vs. 10.6 [7.9-12.6] (P < 0.0001)) and higher median glycosylated hemoglobin (9.8 [8.4-11.8] vs. 7.9 [9.3-10.5] (P < 0.0001)). Hypertension was significantly higher in dyslipidemic patients (9.4% vs. 2.5% P < 0.002). CONCLUSION More than half (65%) of our children and adolescents with T1DM had dyslipidemia, among them high LDL was the most common. These findings emphasize the screening of lipid profile in T1DM children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bedowra Zabeen
- Department of Paediatrics and CDiC BIRDEM, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ana Margarida Balsa
- Department of Paediatrics and CDiC BIRDEM, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Diabetes E Nutrição Do Centro Hospitalar Do Baixo Vouga, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Nasreen Islam
- Department of Paediatrics and CDiC BIRDEM, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mukta Parveen
- Department of Biochemistry, Gazi Medical College, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Jebun Nahar
- Department of Paediatrics and CDiC BIRDEM, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Kishwar Azad
- Department of Paediatrics and CDiC BIRDEM, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Dayem SMAE, Kader MAE, Ibrahim S, Mokhtar E, Megeed EAE. Leptin and Lipid Profile in Overweight Patient with Type 1 Diabetes. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2017; 5:131-136. [PMID: 28507616 PMCID: PMC5420762 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2017.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate leptin and lipid profile in overweight patients with type 1 diabetes. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study included 50 overweight patients with type 1 diabetes and 50 age and sex matched healthy controls. Blood samples were taken for evaluation of glycosylated haemoglobin, lipid profile and leptin. Also, urine samples were taken for evaluation of albumin/creatinine ratio. RESULTS: Leptin level was significantly lower in overweight with type 1 diabetes and showed a significant positive correlation with hip circumference and body mass index and negative correlation with glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c). Leptin level was significantly lower in overweight diabetic patients with HbA1c > 7.5 %. The best cut-off point between overweight diabetic group and control group regarding leptin levels was found at 16.9 (ng/ml) with a sensitivity of 68% and specificity of 56%, area under the curve 0.623. CONCLUSION: Leptin levels were found to be low in overweight patients with type 1 diabetes and showed correlation with the body mass index and hip circumference. LDL was significantly higher while HDL was significantly lower in the diabetic, overweight group indicating increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Leptin level in overweight diabetic patients might be related to the metabolic control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mona Abd El Kader
- Clinical Pathology Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Soheir Ibrahim
- Pediatrics Department, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Enas Mokhtar
- Pediatrics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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Kim SH, Jung IA, Jeon YJ, Cho WK, Cho KS, Park SH, Jung MH, Suh BK. Serum lipid profiles and glycemic control in adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2014; 19:191-6. [PMID: 25654064 PMCID: PMC4316412 DOI: 10.6065/apem.2014.19.4.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to investigate serum lipid profiles and glycemic control in adolescents and young adults with type 1diabetes mellitus (T1DM). METHODS This cross-sectional study included 29 Korean young adults and adolescents with T1DM. The median age was 17 years (range, 10-25 years) and 18 (62.1%) were female. We compared the lipid profiles of patients with dyslipidemia and those without dyslipidemia. Correlations between glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and lipid profiles (total cholesterol [TC], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C], high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], and triglyceride [TG]) were determined by linear regression analysis. RESULTS Of the 29 patients with T1DM, 11 (37.9%) were classified as having dyslipidemia due to the following lipid abnormality: TC≥200 mg/dL in 8 patients, LDL-C≥130 mg/dL in 4 patients, TG≥150 mg/dL in 2 patients, and HDL-C≤35 mg/dL in 2 patients. Compared to patients without dyslipidemia, patients with dyslipidemia were more likely to have higher values of HbA1c (median, 10.6%; range, 7.5%-12.3% vs. median, 8.0%; range, 6.6%-10.0%; P=0.002) and a higher body mass index z score (median, 0.7; range, -0.57 to 2.6 vs. median, -0.4; range, -2.5 to 2.2; P=0.02). HbA1c levels were positively correlated with TC (P=0.03, R (2)=0.156) and TG (P=0.005, R (2)=0.261). CONCLUSION A substantial proportion of adolescents and young adults with T1DM had dyslipidemia. We found a correlation between poor glycemic control and poor lipid profiles in those patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Hee Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - In-Ah Jung
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeon Jin Jeon
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Kyoung Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung Soon Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - So Hyun Park
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Ho Jung
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byoung Kyu Suh
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Niu J, Gilliland MGF, Jin Z, Kolattukudy PE, Hoffman WH. MCP-1and IL-1β expression in the myocardia of two young patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus and fatal diabetic ketoacidosis. Exp Mol Pathol 2013; 96:71-9. [PMID: 24246157 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Convincing evidence exists for the early onset of diabetic cardiomyopathy and coronary artery disease (CAD) as distinct forms of cardiac disease in young patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and the pre-stages of T2DM, forms of dysregulated insulin signaling. Progression of both chronic cardiac conditions is mediated by oxidative stress and low grade inflammation. This study reports the expression of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) chemokine and the interleukin (IL)-1β inflammatory cytokine in two young patients with suboptimal metabolic control and fatal diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), two age-matched overweight/obesity cases and two age-matched controls. In addition, markers of oxidative stress, apoptosis, collagen deposition and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy were studied. Significant expression of MCP-1 and IL-1β was seen in the myocardia of the T1DM/DKA cases, with lesser amounts expressed in the overweight/obesity myocardia. All of the other markers except cardiomyocyte hypertrophy were expressed to a significantly greater extent in the T1DM/DKA and overweight/obesity cases in comparison to the age-matched controls. Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy was significantly greater in the overweight/obesity cases than in the T1DM/DKA or the control cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianli Niu
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - M G F Gilliland
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Zhuqing Jin
- School of Basic Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Pappachan E Kolattukudy
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - William H Hoffman
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Endocrinology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA.
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7
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Dobrovolskienė R, Mockevičienė G, Urbonaitė B, Jurgevičienė N, Preikša RT, Ostrauskas R. The risk of early cardiovascular disease in Lithuanian diabetic children and adolescents: a type 1 diabetes register database based study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2013; 100:119-25. [PMID: 23410726 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2013.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Revised: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim was to assess the frequency and correlates of selected cardiovascular disease risk factors among Lithuanian children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). METHODS A cohort of 539 T1DM children was investigated. Total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglyceride (TG), glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) was determined. RESULTS The mean of HbA1c was 8.5 ± 1.8%. Overweight was present in 72 (13.4%, 95% CI 10.6-16.9) and 113 (21.0%, 95% CI 17.5-25.3) had arterial hypertension. Hypercholesterolemia was diagnosed in 120 (22.3%; 95% CI 18.6-26.7), decreased HDL in 22 (4.1%; 95% CI 2.7-6.2), high LDL in 79 (14.7%; 95% CI 11.8-18.3), and high TG in 96 (17.8%, 95% CI 14.7-21.9) subjects. There were positive linear correlations between TG and high HbA1c levels (r=0.192; p<0.001), and between LDL and high HbA1c levels (r=0.238; p<0.001). Two cardiovascular risk factors were present 14.3%, three risk factors in 6.9%, four in 2.4% and five in 0.9%. The frequency of two cardiovascular risk factors was higher among 10-17-year-old T1DM patients than among 1-9-year-old children (27.0% vs. 13.3% respectively, p<0.01). CONCLUSION The frequency of cardiovascular risk factors is common in young people with T1DM and was associated with poor glycaemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rimantė Dobrovolskienė
- Department of Endocrinology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu 2, Kaunas LT-50009, Lithuania.
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Symeonidis C, Papakonstantinou E, Galli A, Tsinopoulos I, Mataftsi A, Batzios S, Dimitrakos SA. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-2, -9) and tissue inhibitor (TIMP-1, -2) activity in tear samples of pediatric type 1 diabetic patients. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2012; 251:741-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00417-012-2221-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2012] [Revised: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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Magge SN. Cardiovascular Risk in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR RISK REPORTS 2012; 6:591-600. [PMID: 23293697 DOI: 10.1007/s12170-012-0274-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Rising rates of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus in children have led to increased concern regarding cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk during childhood. Diabetic children face prolonged exposure to hyperglycemia, and have increased risk of both microvascular and macrovascular disease. These circumstances may result in a generation of young adults presenting with cardiovascular outcomes, a tremendous personal and public health toll. In this article, we review CVD risk in type 1 and type 2 diabetes, discuss aspects of pathophysiology, and review current methods of CVD risk assessment. We also identify crucial areas in need of future research in order to devise effective prevention and treatment of CVD risk in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheela N Magge
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
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Jüllig M, Chen X, Middleditch MJ, Vazhoor G, Hickey AJ, Gong D, Lu J, Zhang S, Phillips ARJ, Cooper GJS. Illuminating the molecular basis of diabetic arteriopathy: a proteomic comparison of aortic tissue from diabetic and healthy rats. Proteomics 2011; 10:3367-78. [PMID: 20707005 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201000276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Arterial disease is a major diabetic complication, yet the component molecular mechanisms of diabetic arteriopathy remain poorly understood. In order to identify major proteins/pathways implicated in diabetic arteriopathy, we studied the effect of 16-wk untreated streptozotocin-induced diabetes on the rat aortic proteome. Specific protein levels in isolated aortas were compared in six discrete, pair-wise (streptozotocin-diabetic and non-diabetic age-matched controls) experiments in which individual proteins were identified and quantified by iTRAQ combined with LC-MS/MS. A total of 398 unique non-redundant proteins were identified in at least one experiment and 208 were detected in three or more. Between-group comparisons revealed significant changes or trends towards changes in relative abundance of 51 proteins (25 increased, 26 decreased). Differences in levels of selected proteins were supported by Western blotting and/or enzyme assays. The most prominent diabetes-associated changes were in groups of proteins linked to oxidative stress responses and the structure/function of myofibrils and microfilaments. Indexes of mitochondrial content were measurably lower in aortic tissue from diabetic animals. Functional cluster analysis also showed decreased levels of glycolytic enzymes and mitochondrial electron transport system-complex components. These findings newly implicate several proteins/functional pathways in the pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis/diabetic arteriopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Jüllig
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Maahs DM, Wadwa RP, Bishop F, Daniels SR, Rewers M, Klingensmith GJ. Dyslipidemia in youth with diabetes: to treat or not to treat? J Pediatr 2008; 153:458-65. [PMID: 18847618 PMCID: PMC2585025 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2008.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2008] [Revised: 04/16/2008] [Accepted: 05/30/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David M. Maahs
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO
| | - R. Paul Wadwa
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO
| | - Franziska Bishop
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO
| | | | - Marian Rewers
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO,Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO
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Kitzmiller JL, Block JM, Brown FM, Catalano PM, Conway DL, Coustan DR, Gunderson EP, Herman WH, Hoffman LD, Inturrisi M, Jovanovic LB, Kjos SI, Knopp RH, Montoro MN, Ogata ES, Paramsothy P, Reader DM, Rosenn BM, Thomas AM, Kirkman MS. Managing preexisting diabetes for pregnancy: summary of evidence and consensus recommendations for care. Diabetes Care 2008; 31:1060-79. [PMID: 18445730 PMCID: PMC2930883 DOI: 10.2337/dc08-9020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- John L Kitzmiller
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, San Jose, California 95128, USA.
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Jenkins AJ, Rothen M, Klein RL, Moller K, Eldridge L, Zheng D, Durazo-Arvizu R, McGee D, Lackland D, Thorpe SR, Garvey WT, Lyons TJ. Cross-sectional associations of C-reactive protein with vascular risk factors and vascular complications in the DCCT/EDIC cohort. J Diabetes Complications 2008; 22:153-63. [PMID: 18413218 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2007.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2006] [Revised: 01/16/2007] [Accepted: 02/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the relationships between C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and features of Type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Serum CRP was measured by nephelometry in a cross-sectional study of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) cohort (n=983) and nondiabetic subjects (n=71). RESULTS CRP levels [geometric mean (95% CI)] were higher in diabetic than in control subjects, 1.6 (1.5-1.7) vs. 1.2 (1.1-1.5) mg/l, P=.019. CRP was higher in diabetic women (n=438) than in men (n=545) [2.0 (1.8-2.3) vs. 1.3 (1.2-1.5), P<.001]. Diabetic subjects formerly in the DCCT intensive treatment group had higher CRP levels than those who were randomized to the conventional treatment group [1.8 (1.6-1.9), n=479 vs. 1.5 (1.3-1.6), n=456, P=.010], attributable to greater BMI in the prior intensive group. In diabetes, CRP correlated with HbA(1c) (r=0.13, P<.0001) and with insulin resistance traits: BMI (r=0.34, P<.0001), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR; males: r=0.35, P<.0001; females: r=0.22, P<.0001), diastolic blood pressure (r=0.07, P=.025), triglycerides (r=0.19, P<.0001), apoB (r=0.22, P<.0001), LDL particle concentration (r=0.26, P<.0001), and LDL particle size (r=-0.22, P<.0001). CRP was not associated with complications. Significant independent predictors of CRP in diabetes were gender, BMI, WHR, concurrent HbA(1c), and oral contraceptive pill use. CONCLUSIONS CRP was elevated relative to nondiabetic subjects, and in diabetes was higher in females. Elevated CRP in Type 1 diabetes was associated with poor glycemic control, larger body habitus, and other factors that comprise the insulin resistance syndrome. Nevertheless, CRP levels were not associated with complications. Longitudinal studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia J Jenkins
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Medical Genetics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
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Shamir R, Kassis H, Kaplan M, Naveh T, Shehadeh N. Glycemic control in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus improves lipid serum levels and oxidative stress. Pediatr Diabetes 2008; 9:104-9. [PMID: 18221422 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-5448.2007.00313.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Atherosclerosis begins in childhood, and diabetes is a risk factor for coronary heart disease. Dyslipidemia is prevalent in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), with an association between elevated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), serum lipid levels, and oxidative stress. Our aim was to examine the effect of metabolic control on serum lipid levels and oxidative stress in adolescents with T1DM. METHODS Twenty-six adolescents (13 boys and 13 girls), aged 15.65 +/- 1.5 yr, with disease duration of 5.9 +/- 2.8 yr and average HbA1c 10.8 +/- 1.9% were assigned to intensive insulin therapy for 3 months. Comparisons for HbA1c, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), apolipoprotein AI, apolipoprotein AII, apolipoprotein B (ApoB), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were done between patients whose HbA1c improved by 0.5% or more (GR1) and the rest of the cohort (patients whose HbA1c improved by <0.5%, did not change, or increased) (GR2). RESULTS ApoB (p = 0.047) and TBARS (p = 0.01) were significantly lower at the end of the study in GR1. In GR2, TC (p = 0.01) and LDL (p = 0.03) were significantly higher at study end. Overall, significant beneficial changes in TC (p = 0.006), TG (p = 0.04), LDL (p = 0.02), ApoB (p = 0.015), and oxidative stress (p = 0.001) were found in GR1 compared with GR2. CONCLUSIONS We provide direct evidence for the beneficial effect of tight metabolic control on serum lipids and oxidative stress in adolescents with T1DM, indicating that tight metabolic control may reduce cardiovascular risk in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raanan Shamir
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Meyer Children's Hospital of Haifa, Rambam medical Center, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
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Abstract
In the United States, cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality in adults with diabetes over age 30 years. Studies in persons without diabetes have shown that atherosclerosis, a central factor in cardiovascular disease, begins in childhood and the presence of cardiovascular disease risk factors in youth lead to increased cardiovascular disease risk in adults. Therefore, youth with diabetes are at increased risk for developing cardiovascular disease as adults and there is a role for risk factor screening and addressing modifiable factors to lower cardiovascular disease risk starting in childhood. This paper reviews the literature on traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors in youth with diabetes including hyperglycemia, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, obesity and family history of cardiovascular disease with an emphasis on type 1 diabetes as well as current American Diabetes Association guidelines for screening and treatment of modifiable risk factors. Current roles of inflammatory markers and measures of subclinical vascular changes such as arterial stiffness are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Paul Wadwa
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center, PO Box 6511, MS A140, 1775 N. Ursula St., Aurora, CO 80045-6511, USA.
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