1
|
Warren A, Dea M, Barron IG, Zapata I. Ski and snowboard injury patterns in the United States from 2010 to 2020 in pediatric patients. Injury 2023; 54:110899. [PMID: 37330404 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2023.110899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children and adolescents are at higher risk of injuries from winter sports like skiing and snowboarding which can cause severe lifelong debilitation and death. PURPOSE The objective of this study is to perform a nationwide analysis of pediatric skiing and snowboarding injuries to identify patterns regarding patient demographics, type of injuries, outcomes, and admission rates. STUDY DESIGN Descriptive Epidemiological Study. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study of publicly available data. Cases were sourced from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) from 2010 to 2020 and included 6421 incidents. RESULTS Even when the highest percentage of injuries was the head at 19.30%; the diagnosis of concussion was placed third while fractures were the most common diagnosis at 38.20%. The proportion of pediatric incidents by hospital type is changing with children's hospitals currently managing the majority of cases. CONCLUSIONS These findings can assist clinicians in the ED across different hospital types in understanding the patterns of injury to be better prepared for new cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Warren
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rocky Vista University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Parker, CO 80134, United States of America
| | - Michael Dea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rocky Vista University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Parker, CO 80134, United States of America
| | - Ileana G Barron
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama Birmingham School of Public Health, Birmingham, AL 35233, United States of America
| | - Isain Zapata
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rocky Vista University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Parker, CO 80134, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wagner M, Liebensteiner M, Dammerer D, Neugebauer J, Nardelli P, Brunner A. Incidence of alpine skiing and snowboarding injuries. Injury 2023:110830. [PMID: 37246115 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2023.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of injuries on alpine ski slopes have been assessed using various methods. A decline in injury rate has been observed throughout the literature; however, the actual incidence remains unclear. The purpose of this study was therefore to evaluate the incidence of skiing and snowboarding injuries using large-sample data from an entire geographic state. METHODS Data on alpine injuries over the course of five winter seasons between 2017 and 2022 were prospectively collected from the emergency service dispatch center of Tyrol (Austria). The incidence of injuries was assessed in relation to the number of skier days, which was obtained from the chamber of commerce. RESULTS A total of 43,283 cases were identified, and a total of 98.1 Mio skier days were registered during the inclusion period of our study, resulting in an overall incidence of 0.44 injuries per 1,000 skier days. This is significantly less than reported from previous studies. From 2017/18 to 2021/22 there was a slight increase in injuries per 1000 skier days with an exception only for the COVID-19 related season 2020/21. CONCLUSION Our study showed a significant reduction in the incidence of alpine skiing and snowboarding injuries in comparison with previous studies and should be considered a benchmark for future studies. Long-term studies on the efficacy of safety gear, as well as the influence of ski patrol and air-borne rescues on patient outcome are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Wagner
- Abteilung Orthopädie und Traumatologie BKH St. Johann in Tirol, Bahnhofstrasse 14, 6380, St. Johann in Tirol, Austria; Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.
| | | | - Dietmar Dammerer
- Krems Donauuniversität Orthopädie und Traumatologie, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, 3500 Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Johannes Neugebauer
- Krems Donauuniversität Orthopädie und Traumatologie, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, 3500 Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Paul Nardelli
- Klinik für Orthopädie und Traumatologie Innsbruck, Anichstraße 42, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alexander Brunner
- Abteilung Orthopädie und Traumatologie BKH St. Johann in Tirol, Bahnhofstrasse 14, 6380, St. Johann in Tirol, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Emergency Service Assistance for Injuries on Alpine Ski Slopes: A Cross-Sectional Study. Prehosp Disaster Med 2022; 37:778-782. [PMID: 36199228 DOI: 10.1017/s1049023x22001364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Injuries on alpine ski slopes have been described in cohorts of a reasonable sample size, but constant improvements in safety gear, increased use of airborne rescue, and safety measures during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic mandate re-evaluation. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate skiing and snowboarding injuries, effectiveness of airborne rescue, and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on a large sample size. METHODS Data on alpine injuries were prospectively collected from the state emergency services dispatch center in the state of Tyrol (Austria). A total of 10,143 patients were identified, with an average age of 33.5 years (SD = 20.36). The ski patrol was involved in 8,606 cases (84.9%) and some patients (n = 1,536; 15.1%) required helicopter rescue. RESULTS A total of 10,143 patients were identified from the dataset of the emergency dispatch center. The most frequently injured region was the knee (30.2%), and it was followed by the shoulder (12.9%), the lower leg (9.5%), and the head/skull (9.5%). CONCLUSION The present findings indicate that the most frequent site of injuries on alpine slopes is the knee, and life-threatening injuries are rare. Airborne rescue is very time-effective, however clinical studies with patient follow-up should be emphasized to determine the impact of airborne rescue on patient outcome. The present findings indicate that the duration of all rescue operations has been prolonged as a result of the introduction of safety measures during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Collapse
|
4
|
Huffman WH, Jia L, Pirruccio K, Li X, Hecht AC, Parisien RL. Acute Vertebral Fractures in Skiing and Snowboarding: A 20-Year Sex-Specific Analysis of National Injury Data. Orthop J Sports Med 2022; 10:23259671221105486. [PMID: 35837441 PMCID: PMC9274405 DOI: 10.1177/23259671221105486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The epidemiology of acute vertebral fractures (AVFs) sustained while skiing
and snowboarding remains poorly defined in the United States. Hypothesis: It was hypothesized that there would be no significant differences across sex
and a greater number of AVFs in younger age groups associated with skiing
and snowboarding. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiological study. Methods: The authors utilized the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System to
identify patients who were reported in emergency departments in the United
States from 2000 to 2019. All patients were noted to have sustained AVFs
during skiing or snowboarding. National estimates and demographic analysis
were performed. Results: A total of 466 AVFs were identified, or roughly 23.3 AVFs per year. Compared
with women, men accounted for the majority of AVFs sustained in both skiing
and snowboarding: 67.8% (95% CI, 62.6%-73.0%) during skiing and 82.1% (95%
CI, 76.3%-87.8%) during snowboarding. This represented a significantly
larger percentage of AVFs while snowboarding compared with skiing
(P = .002). Women accounted for 32.2% (95% CI,
27.0%-37.4%) of AVFs while skiing and 17.9% (95% CI, 12.2%-23.7%) while
snowboarding, which indicated a significantly larger percentage of AVFs
sustained during skiing compared with snowboarding (P =
.002). Snowboarders were more likely than skiers to sustain an AVF in the
region of the coccyx (21.5% [95% CI, 14.3%-28.7%] vs 11.5% [95% CI,
3.5%-16.9%], respectively; P = .003) and as a result of a
fall at ground level (69.2% [95% CI, 62.1%-76.4%] vs 52.8% [95% CI,
43.2%-62.4%], respectively; P = .009). A significant
decrease in the number of snowboarding-related AVFs was identified over the
20-year study period: 899 in 2000-2003 versus 283 in 2016-2019
(P < .01). The change in skiing-related AVFs over
the study period was not statistically significant (694 vs 462;
P = .5). Conclusion: This national study of AVFs sustained while skiing and snowboarding
identified critical sex- and age-specific differences in the population at
risk, anatomic location of injury, and mechanism of injury. The national
data generated from this study over a 20-year period may be utilized to
better inform public health injury awareness and prevention initiatives in
the rapidly growing sports of skiing and snowboarding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William H Huffman
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lori Jia
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kevin Pirruccio
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Xinning Li
- Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrew C Hecht
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Robert L Parisien
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Galgano AC, Cohn JE, Licata JJ, Othman S, Stucker FJ, Bundrick P. Slippery Slopes: Skiing-Related Facial Trauma in Adults. Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr 2022; 15:122-127. [DOI: 10.1177/19433875211020933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Study Design: Retrospective, observational, cross-sectional study. Objective: To determine the incidence of skiing-related facial trauma and to identify their patterns in terms of potential risk factors, mechanism of injury, anatomical location, and degree of severity. Methods: Data was collected using the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System and included snow skiing-related incidents during the years 2009 to 2018. Specifically, injuries limited to the facial region including the head, face, eye(s), mouth, neck or ear(s) were reported. Patients with fractures were further classified by the study variables. Descriptive statistics were used to classify continuous variables while chi-square analysis was used to compare categorical variables. Results: A total of 514 (n = 514) patients met the inclusion criteria within the study period. The majority of injuries were due to concussions (59%), followed by lacerations (18%), fractures (11%), contusions (11%) and dental injuries (1%). Of the fractures seen, the majority were nasal (30%) and cervical spine (30%), followed by midface (27%), mandible (9%) and skull (4%). In our population, head injuries were more common in females (80%) than in males (60%), whereas, mouth injuries were more common in males (8%) than females (1%) [χ2 = 30.2, p < 0.001]. Conclusions: Skiing-related craniofacial trauma remains a significant mechanism of injury. Our data illustrates a need to correlate these injuries to the use of personal protective equipment. Furthermore, this data calls for the strict implementation of such equipment and the development of safety protocols to further prevent deleterious injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jason E. Cohn
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Facial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Jordan J. Licata
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sammy Othman
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Fred J. Stucker
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Facial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Paige Bundrick
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Facial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
Participation in skiing and snowboarding continues to increase. Both sports are associated with unique equipment and movement patterns, placing athletes at risk for several characteristic injuries. Although the axial skeleton and extremities are at risk for injury in both sports, skiing and snowboarding are associated with distinctive injury patterns. This article summarizes the epidemiology, risk factors, and specific injuries associated with skiing and snowboarding to better educate orthopedic surgeons regarding diagnosis and treatment of athletes partaking in these sports.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary L Telgheder
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Suite 4400, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.
| | - Brian J Kistler
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Suite 4400, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Maisonneuve E, Roumeliotis N, Basso A, Venchiarutti D, Vallot C, Ricard C, Bouzat P, Mortamet G. Epidemiology of severe paediatric trauma following winter sport accidents. Acta Paediatr 2020; 109:2125-2130. [PMID: 31990998 DOI: 10.1111/apa.15196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study describes the epidemiology of severe injuries related to winter sports (skiing, snowboarding and sledding) in children and assesses potential preventive actions. METHODS A single-centre retrospective study performed at Pediatric or Adult Intensive Care Unit in the French Alps. All patients less than 15 years old, admitted to the Intensive Care Unit following a skiing, snowboarding or sledding accident from 2011 to 2018, were included. RESULTS We included 186 patients (mean age 10.6 years and 68% were male); of which 136 (73%), 21 (11%) and 29 (16%) had skiing, snowboarding and sledding accidents, respectively. The average ISS (injury severity score) was 16. The major lesions were head (n = 94 patients, 51%) and intra-abdominal (n = 56 patients, 30%) injuries. Compared to skiing/snowboarding, sledding accidents affected younger children (7 vs 11 years, P < .001); most of whom did not wear a helmet (89% vs 8%, P < .001). Severity scores were statistically different amongst winter sports (ISS = 16 (IQR 9-24) for skiing, 9 (IQR 4-16) for snowboarding and 16 (IQR 13-20) for sledding accident, P = .02). CONCLUSION Winter sports can cause severe trauma in children. Sledding accidents affect younger children that may benefit from wearing protective equipment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amélie Basso
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit CHU Grenoble‐Alpes La Tronche France
| | - Damien Venchiarutti
- Réseau Nord‐Alpin des Urgences CH Annecy Annecy France
- Emergency Department CH Albertville Albertville France
| | - Cécile Vallot
- Réseau Nord‐Alpin des Urgences CH Annecy Annecy France
| | - Cécile Ricard
- Réseau Nord‐Alpin des Urgences CH Annecy Annecy France
| | - Pierre Bouzat
- Department of anesthesiology and intensive care medicine Grenoble Alps Trauma center Grenoble University Hospital Grenoble France
| | - Guillaume Mortamet
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit CHU Grenoble‐Alpes La Tronche France
- Réseau Nord‐Alpin des Urgences CH Annecy Annecy France
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Epidemiology of paediatric lower extremity fractures in a tertiary care center in Switzerland. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2020; 48:3449-3459. [PMID: 32462374 DOI: 10.1007/s00068-020-01400-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE About 20% of all fractures in children occur at the lower extremity. This study aims to investigate the epidemiology and injury pattern of lower extremity fractures within the pediatric population consulting a tertiary referral hospital in Switzerland. METHODS Study population included all patients up to 16 years presenting with a lower extremity fracture over a period of one year. Recorded data were age, gender, side, season of the year, mechanism, type of fracture and applied treatment. RESULTS Fractures of the lower extremity represent 23% of all fractures with a mean age of 9 years and 6 months. The tibia, with 94 fractures (38%), represents the most frequently injured bone. Peak incidence is seen in winter and 24% of tibia shaft fractures were due to board sports. Overall, 82% of fractures were treated by cast with or without closed reduction, and only 18% requested surgery. CONCLUSION Board sports seems to be a leading cause of tibial shaft fracture in our region. Nevertheless, only 18% of fractures had recourse to an orthopedic surgeon, hence the importance of the teaching quality of pediatric residents for conservative fracture treatment.
Collapse
|
9
|
Maier GS, Bischel O, Kusche H, Jahnke A, Rickert M, Clarius M, von Engelhardt LV, Seeger JB. Different injury patterns after snowboard in children and adolescents. J Orthop 2020; 19:229-232. [PMID: 32071519 DOI: 10.1016/j.jor.2020.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Snowboarding is a very common sport especially among young adults. Common injuries are hand, wrist, shoulder and ankle injuries. Purpose of this study was to analyze different injury pattern in children and young adults comparing with adults. Methods Patients who were admitted for ambulant or stationary treatment as a result of injury practicing snowboard received a questionnaire and were divided into three groups (children, young adults and adults) according to their age. Between october 2002 and may 2007 1929 injured snowboard sportsmen were included in the study. Data such as location, date and time of accident as well as information about the slope were carried out. In addition snowboard skills were classified and patients were questioned whether they wore special protectors. Results 32.5% of injured patients were female (n = 626) and 67.5% male (n = 1303) with a mean age of patients of 21.9 (7-66) years. 13% of all patients were in group I (children), 19.2% in group II (young adults) and 67.8% in group III (adults).Most common injuries with 60% of all accidents were injuries of the hand wrist especially in children beginning with snowboard sports. Injuries on the regular track were most common followed by jumps in the kicker park and rails in the fun-park. 20.6% in group I, 13.6% in group II and 12.8% group III did not wear any protectors. Conclusion Children and adolescents presented different injury patterns than adults. Young participants of up to 14 years of age are endangered especially during the first days of learning this sport. Further development of protectors with regard to biomechanical characteristics is important to achieve an optimal protective effect. Level of evidence 2b.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G S Maier
- University Hospital of Orthopaedic Surgery, Pius-Hospital, Carl-von-Ossietzky-University, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - O Bischel
- BG Trauma Centre Ludwigshafen, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | | | - A Jahnke
- Laboratory of Biomechanics, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - M Rickert
- Department of Orthopaedics and Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg (UKGM), Giessen, Germany
| | - M Clarius
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Vulpius Klinik GmbH, Bad Rappenau, Germany
| | | | - J B Seeger
- Department of Orthopaedics and Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg (UKGM), Giessen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Marietti S, Bailoni L, Sacchi G. Types of injury from recreational snowboarding versus skiing: Single season-data from a Mountainside clinic in Dolomites. Sci Sports 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
11
|
Abstract
Participation in skiing, and especially snowboarding, continues to rise. As participation and level of competition in these winter sports increases, the number of injuries increases as well. Upper-extremity injuries are more common in snowboarding, whereas lower-extremity injuries are more common in skiing. Head injuries, particularly concussions, are common in both sports. Special consideration in these sports should be given to environmental conditions, such as high altitude and ultraviolet radiation. The purpose of this review is to discuss the most common musculoskeletal injuries seen in skiing and snowboarding, as well as considerations for initial assessment of these injuries and triage to the appropriate level of care. It is important for sports medicine physicians covering these sports to understand initial assessment and treatment of these injuries. Due to the potential for severe injuries in these sports, it is important to be able to quickly recognize an injury that needs to be assessed and treated urgently or emergently. With the increased participation and number of injuries in these sports, it also is important to consider prevention strategies that may minimize risk of injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Weinstein
- Primary Care Sports Medicine Fellow, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO
| | - Morteza Khodaee
- Department of Family Medicine and Orthopedics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO
| | - Karin VanBaak
- Department of Family Medicine and Orthopedics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Psooy K, Franc-Guimond J, Kiddoo D, Lorenzo A, MacLellan D. Canadian Urological Association Best Practice Report: Sports and the solitary kidney - What primary caregivers of a young child with a single kidney should know (2019 update). Can Urol Assoc J 2019; 13:315-317. [PMID: 31603410 PMCID: PMC6788919 DOI: 10.5489/cuaj.6118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Psooy
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Winnipeg Children’s Hospital, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Julie Franc-Guimond
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Darcie Kiddoo
- Division of Urology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Armando Lorenzo
- Division of Urology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dawn MacLellan
- Department of Urology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
McLoughlin RJ, Green J, Nazarey PP, Hirsh MP, Cleary M, Aidlen JT. The risk of snow sport injury in pediatric patients. Am J Emerg Med 2019; 37:439-443. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|