SUMO1 regulates post-infarct cardiac repair based on cellular heterogeneity

Lingguizhugan Decoction improves chronic heart failure by synergistically modulating ?1-AR/Gs/GRKs/?-arrestin signaling bias

Lingguizhugan Decoction (LGZG) demonstrates significant efficacy in treating various cardiovascular diseases clinically, yet its precise mechanism of action remains elusive. This study aimed to elucidate the potential mechanisms and effects of LGZG on isoproterenol (ISO) continuous stimulation-induced chronic heart failure (CHF) in mice, providing direct experimental evidence for further clinical applications. In vivo, continuous ISO infusion was administered to mice, and ventricular myocytes were utilized to explore LGZG?s potential mechanism of action on the ?1-adrenergic receptor (?1-AR)/Gs/G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs)/?-arrestin signaling deflection system in the heart. The findings reveal that LGZG significantly reduced the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression of hypertrophy-related biomarkers [atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP)] and improved cardiac remodeling and left ventricular diastolic function in mice with ISO-induced CHF. Furthermore, LGZG inhibited the overactivation of Gs/cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA) signaling and downregulated the downstream transcriptional activity of cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) and the expression of the coactivator CBP/P300. Notably, LGZG downregulated the expression of ?-arrestin1 and GRK 2/3/5 while upregulating the expression of ?1-AR and ?-arrestin2. These results suggest that LGZG inhibits Gs/cAMP/PKA signaling and ?-arrestin/GRK-mediated desensitization and internalization of ?1-AR, potentially exerting cardioprotective effects through the synergistic regulation of the ?1-AR/Gs/GRKs/?-arrestin signaling deflection system via multiple pathways.

The multifaceted nature of SUMOylation in heart disease and its therapeutic potential

SUMOylation (SUMO), a crucial post-translational modification, is implicated in the regulation of diverse biological processes and plays a pivotal role in both the maintenance of cardiac function and progression and treatment of heart disease. Here, we reviewed the mechanisms by which SUMO-related various aspects of cardiac function and disease, including cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and myocardial infarction. Furthermore, we highlight its potential as a therapeutic target.

The epigenetic regulation of crosstalk between cardiac fibroblasts and other cardiac cell types during stress

With the global impact of cardiovascular disease, there is a dire need to understand the mechanisms in the heart during injury and stress. It has been shown that the regulation of the extracellular matrix via cardiac fibroblasts plays a major role in the progression of heart failure and worsening function of the heart. Importantly, it has been suggested that crosstalk between other cardiac cells like cardiomyocytes, immune cells, and endothelial cells are influenced by the pathological function of the fibroblasts. This decline in function across all cardiac cells is seemingly irreversible. However, epigenetic mechanisms have been shown to regulate functionality across cardiac cells and improve outcomes during stress or injury. This epigenetic regulation has also been shown to control communication between different cell types and influence the role of multiple cardiac cell types during injury. The goal of this review is to summarize and discuss the current research of epigenetic regulation of cardiac fibroblasts and the subsequent crosstalk with other cardiac cell types in cardiovascular disease states.

Advanced Nanomedicine Delivery Systems for Cardiovascular Diseases: Viral and Non-Viral Strategies in Targeted Therapy

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent a leading global health crisis, significantly impairing patients' quality of life and posing substantial risks to their survival. Conventional therapies for CVDs often grapple with challenges such as inadequate targeting precision, suboptimal therapeutic efficacy, and potential adverse side effects. To address these shortcomings, researchers are intensively developing advanced drug delivery systems characterized by high specificity and selectivity, excellent biodegradability, superior biocompatibility, and minimal toxicity. These innovative systems enable the precise delivery of pharmaceuticals with high drug-loading capacities, minimal leakage, and expansive specific surface areas, thereby enhancing therapeutic outcomes. In this review, we summarize and classify various drug delivery materials targeting CVDs and application values. We also evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of viral and non-viral vectors for the treatment of CVDs, the existing limitations and application prospects are also discussed. We hope that this review will provide new perspectives for the future development of drug delivery systems for the treatment of CVDs, ultimately contributing to improved patient care and outcomes.

SENP1-Mediated HSP90ab1 DeSUMOylation in Cardiomyocytes Prevents Myocardial Fibrosis by Paracrine Signaling

Myocardial infarction (MI) triggers a poor ventricular remodeling response, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, the authors show that sentrin-specific protease 1 (SENP1) is downregulated in post-MI mice and in patients with severe heart failure. By generating cardiomyocyte-specific SENP1 knockout and overexpression mice to assess cardiac function and ventricular remodeling responses under physiological and pathological conditions. Increased cardiac fibrosis in the cardiomyocyte-specific SENP1 deletion mice, associated with increased fibronectin (Fn) expression and secretion in cardiomyocytes, promotes fibroblast activation in response to myocardial injury. Mechanistically, SENP1 deletion in mouse cardiomyocytes increases heat shock protein 90 alpha family class B member 1 (HSP90ab1) SUMOylation with (STAT3) activation and Fn secretion after ventricular remodeling initiated. Overexpression of SENP1 or mutation of the HSP90ab1 Lys72 ameliorates adverse ventricular remodeling and dysfunction after MI. Taken together, this study identifies SENP1 as a positive regulator of cardiac repair and a potential drug target for the treatment of MI. Inhibition of HSP90ab1 SUMOylation stabilizes STAT3 to inhibit the adverse ventricular remodeling response.

The activation of LBH-CRYAB signaling promotes cardiac protection against I/R injury by inhibiting apoptosis and ferroptosis

Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury stands out among cardiovascular diseases, and current treatments are considered unsatisfactory. For cardiomyocytes (CMs) in ischemic tissues, the upregulation of Limb-bud and Heart (LBH) and αB-crystallin (CRYAB) and their subsequent downregulation in the context of cardiac fibrosis have been verified in our previous research. Here, we focused on the effects and mechanisms of activated LBH-CRYAB signaling on damaged CMs during I/R injury, and confirmed the occurrence of mitochondrial apoptosis and ferroptosis during I/R injury. The application of inhibitors, ectopic expression vectors, and knockout mouse models uniformly verified the role of LBH in alleviating both apoptosis and ferroptosis of CMs. p53 was identified as a mutual downstream effector for both LBH-CRYAB-modulated apoptosis and ferroptosis inhibition. In mouse models, LBH overexpression was confirmed to exert enhanced cardiac protection against I/R-induced apoptosis and ferroptosis, suggesting that LBH could serve as a promising target for the development of I/R therapy.