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Zhang K, Tian X, Xu P, Zhu Y, Guang S, Xu H. Multi-ion detection chemosensor based on rhodamine for turn-on fluorescence sensing and bioimaging of Fe 3+, Al 3+, Cr 3+, and Hg 2+ under different channels. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 318:124484. [PMID: 38788504 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
A novel rhodamine-based multi-ion fluorescent sensor, RGN, was designed and synthesized for the highly selective detection of mercury ions (Hg2+) in ethanol and water systems, as well as trivalent cations (Fe3+, Al3+, and Cr3+) in acetonitrile and water systems using a two-step Schiff base reaction method. Nuclear magnetic titration experiments and theoretical calculations demonstrated that the sensor achieved the detection of the aforementioned metal ions through the fluorescence turn-on phenomenon induced by lactam ring-opening. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation results showed decreased HOMO-LUMO energy gaps and increased dipole moments, indicating the effective coordination of the sensor with the corresponding metal ions to form more stable complexes, thereby achieving detection objectives. Furthermore, the fluorescence turn-on sensor RGN exhibited relatively low detection limits, with limits of detection (LOD) for Fe3+, Al3+, Cr3+, and Hg2+ being 10.20 nM, 14.66 nM, 58.78 nM, and 73.33 nM, respectively. Finally, practical applications of sensor RGN in environmental water samples, L929 cells, and zebrafish were demonstrated, indicating its potential for detecting and tracking Fe3+, Al3+, Cr3+, and Hg2+ in environmental samples and biological systems, with prospects for biomedical applications in the diagnosis and treatment of heavy metal ion-induced diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kezhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Research Center for Analysis and Measurement & College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xiaoyong Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Research Center for Analysis and Measurement & College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Peipei Xu
- School of Chemistry, and Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- School of Chemistry, and Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Shanyi Guang
- School of Chemistry, and Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Hongyao Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Research Center for Analysis and Measurement & College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
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2
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Cai L, Yan K, Xu W, Chen Y, Xiao H. A novel fluorescent turn on probe derived from Schiff base for highly selective and sensitive detection of Cu 2+ ion. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 307:123526. [PMID: 38000124 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
A fluorescent probe (L) of bis Schiff base secondary amine ligand was designed and synthesized from 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid, ethylenediamine and salicylaldehyde by condensation and reduction reaction. Its structure was characterized by IR, UV-Vis, LIF, 1HNMR, 13C NMR, MS and elementary analysis. Investigation of binding test indicated that probe L could sensitively and selectively detect Cu2+ ion with striking fluorescent signaling responses in anhydrous ethanol solvent. Results from Job's plot, fluorescent titration, and MS experiments indicated a 1:1 binding ratio between probe L and Cu2+, with a complexation constant of 1.28 × 108 M-1. According to MS, IR and molar conductivity analysis, the mechanism of the probes' detection of Cu2+ may due to CHEF mechanism by the lone electron pairs in the N atom, and the enhancement of the molecular rigidity caused by disruption of intermolecular hydrogen bonding force, which leading to the occurrence of chelation fluorescence enhancement. The detection limit of complexation constant was 2.69 × 10-8 M in the linear range of 0-40 μM, which provided an effective and convenient testing for trace copper in surface water and drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Cai
- Wuhan Institute of Technology, School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan 430205, PR China; Environmental and Biological Engineering Department, Wuhan Technology and Business University, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Kang Yan
- Environmental and Biological Engineering Department, Wuhan Technology and Business University, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Wenguang Xu
- Environmental and Biological Engineering Department, Wuhan Technology and Business University, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Yunfeng Chen
- Wuhan Institute of Technology, School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan 430205, PR China
| | - Huiping Xiao
- Environmental Engineering of City Construction Department, Wenhua College, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
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3
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Wang Y, Li Y, Feng X, Zhao Y. Exploring the Highly Selective Fe(III) and Al(III) Triggered “OFF-ON” Ellagic Acid Based Fluorescent Sensor: Spectroscopic, Structural Elucidations and Dual-Response Mechanism. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
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4
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Musikavanhu B, Zhu D, Tang M, Xue Z, Wang S, Zhao L. A naphthol hydrazone Schiff base bearing benzothiadiazole unit for fluorescent detection of Fe 3+ in PC3 cells. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 289:122242. [PMID: 36542920 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.122242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Naphthol hydrazone derivatives are recognized as efficient chelating agents for both qualitative and quantitative detection of metal ions. Here we design a naphthol hydrazine-based chemosensor with covalently linking a strong electron-withdrawing benzothiadiazole group to modulate the molecular electronic structure, nominated as NtHzBtd. The fluorescent probe performs excellent selectivity and sensitivity towards Fe3+ with 1:1 binding stoichiometry, while exhibiting a quick response at 55 s with a relatively low limit of detection of 0.036 µM. A series of spectroscopic measurements in tandem with theoretical calculations suggest that the probe undergoes both intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) and chelation enhanced quenching (CHEQ) processes. Successful color rendering of paper strips and bioimaging in PC3 cells demonstrate the promising applicability of NtHzBtd for portable Fe3+ detection in real samples and biosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Musikavanhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Dongwei Zhu
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Mengran Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Zhaoli Xue
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Shengjun Wang
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Long Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
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5
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Mohammad Abu-Taweel G, Alharthi SS, Al-Saidi HM, Babalghith AO, Ibrahim MM, Khan S. Heterocyclic Organic Compounds as a Fluorescent Chemosensor for Cell Imaging Applications: A Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2023:1-16. [PMID: 36880659 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2186695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Fluorometric determination of different biologically, industrially, and environmentally important analytes is a powerful technique because this technique has excellent selectivity, high sensitivity, rapid photoluminescence response, low cost, applicability to bioimaging, and low detection limit. Fluorescence imaging is a powerful technique for screening different analytes in the living system. Heterocyclic organic compounds have been extensively used as a fluorescence chemosensor for the determination of different biologically important cations like Co2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, Hg2+, Ag+, Ni2+, Cr3+, Al3+, Pd2+, Fe3+ Pt2+, Mn2+, Sn2+, Pd2+, Au3+, Pd2+, Cd2+, Pb2+ and other ions in biological and environmental systems. These compounds also showed significant biological applications such as anti-cancer, anti-ulcerogenic, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anti neuropathic, antihistaminic, antihypertensive, analgesic, antitubercular, antioxidant, antimalarial, antiparasitic, antiglycation, antiviral anti-obesity, and antibacterial potency. In this review, we summarize the heterocyclic organic compounds based on fluorescent chemosensors and their applications in bioimaging studies for the recognition of different biologically important metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Salman S Alharthi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamed M Al-Saidi
- Department of Chemistry, University College in Al-Jamoum, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad O Babalghith
- Medical Genetics Department College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Munjed M Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sikandar Khan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan
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Liu Y, Zhang Y, Sheng M, Kang Y, Jia B, Li W, Fu Y. A novel pyrene-based fluorescent probe for Al 3+ detection. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 287:122085. [PMID: 36379088 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.122085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Based on the classical Schiff base reaction, fluorescent probe dimethyl 5-((pyren-1-ylmethylene)amino)isophthalate (PAI) is designed and synthesized through introducing Schiff base structure to pyrene unit for structural modification. The structure of the synthesized probe PAI is determined and characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS. PAI is a type of "turn-on" probe which can specifically recognize Al3+ ion with high selectivity. The limit of detection is calculated to be 3.07 × 10-8 M, which proves the probe's high sensitivity and is lower than that of many efficient reported probes. The probe PAI is intrinsically non-fluorescent due to the photoinduced electron transfer (PET) process. However, the addition of Al3+ ion leads to the breakage of the carbon-nitrogen double bond of Schiff base in PAI resulting in the product without PET property, which shows a typical localized state with enhanced fluorescence and blue color. In addition, PAI can recognize Al3+ ion through test papers, which is in favor of the future research regarding to Al3+ ion sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yeqi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ming Sheng
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yihan Kang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Binbin Jia
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Wenbo Li
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ying Fu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin 150030, China.
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7
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A novel multi-purpose convenient Al3+ ion fluorescent probe based on phenolphthalein. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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8
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Musikavanhu B, Zhang Y, Zhu D, Xue Z, Yuan R, Wang S, Zhao L. Turn-off detection of Cr(III) with chelation enhanced fluorescence quenching effect by a naphthyl hydrazone Shiff base chemosensor. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 281:121599. [PMID: 35816866 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A thiophene substituted naphthyl hydrazone derivative NHT was synthesized using a one-step route for the detection of trivalent chromium (Cr3+). UV-visible absorption and emission spectra, density functional theory calculations as well as 1H NMR titration confirmed that the probe underwent a turn-off response via the chelation enhanced fluorescence quenching effect upon exposure to Cr3+ and the NHT-Cr3+ complex was formed at a 1:1 binding stoichiometry. NHT exhibited a fast response rate of 2.3 min in buffer solution and a relatively low limit of detection of 41 nM. In addition, the Schiff base chemosensor exhibited excellent selectivity with high affinity towards Cr3+ in the presence of other competing cations. Bioimaging of the probe in PC3 cells further demonstrated the potential real life application of the probe in detecting Cr3+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Musikavanhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Dongwei Zhu
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Zhaoli Xue
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Rui Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Shengjun Wang
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Long Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
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9
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Man LL, Li SZ, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Dong WK. A new single-armed salamo-based sensor with aggregation-induced emission characteristic for selective sensing of aluminium ions. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Shuai HJ, Du XG, Jin XM, Jin CM, Sun J. Synthesis and high sensitivity Al3+ recognition of fluorescent probe molecule based on pincer bis-N-heterocyclic carbene. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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11
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Yadav P, Laddha H, Sharma M, Agarwal M, Singh Kushwaha H, Gupta R. Selective and sensitive investigation of aluminium contamination from cookware based on novel water-soluble fluorescence turn-on chemosensor. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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12
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Algethami JS. A Review on Recent Progress in Organic Fluorimetric and Colorimetric Chemosensors for the Detection of Cr 3+/6+Ions. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022; 54:487-507. [PMID: 35758232 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2082242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Chromium occurs in the environment primarily in two valence states, trivalent Cr3+ and hexavalent Cr6+, which have different physicochemical and biochemical properties. However, the higher concentration of Cr3+/6+ can cause various adverse effects on human health. Therefore, detecting Cr3+/6+ ions is important in various samples. Colorimetric and fluorescent chemosensors are the most powerful tools for the detection of Cr3+/6+ ions. These chemosensors have excellent bioimaging capability and significant sensitivity and selectivity. In this article, different colorimetric and fluorescent chemosensors based on organic compounds, including Schiff base, antipyrine, diarylethene, pyrene, crown ether, dansyl, pyridine, thiazole, coumarin, boradiazaindacene, rhodamine, imidazole, hydrazone, and other functional groups for detection of Cr3+/6+ ions have been reviewed, classified them according to different fluorophore and recognition mode. I hope this article will help the readers for the future design of highly effective, sensitive, and selective chemosensors for the detection and determination of Cr3+/6+ ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jari S Algethami
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Arts, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
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Mahata S, Dey S, Mandal BB, Manivannan V. 3-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)imidazo[5, 1-a]isoquinoline as Cu(II) sensor, its Cu(II) complex for selective detection of CN− ion and biological compatibility. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.113795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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15
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A novel and simple fluorescent chemical sensor SX based on AIE for relay recognition of Zn2+ and Cu2+ in aqueous system and analysis in logic gates. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.132219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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16
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Mahata S, Kumar S, Dey S, Mandal BB, Manivannan V. A probe with hydrazinecarbothioamide and 1,8-naphthalimide groups for “turn-on” fluorescence detection of Hg2+ and Ag+ ions and live-cell imaging studies. Inorganica Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2022.120876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Synthesis and characterization of a pyrene-based Schiff base and its oligomer: Investigation of fluorescent Cr3+ probe. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2021.105097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Khairy GM, Amin AS, Moalla SMN, Medhat A, Hassan N. Fluorescence determination of Fe( iii) in drinking water using a new fluorescence chemosensor. RSC Adv 2022; 12:27679-27686. [PMID: 36276051 PMCID: PMC9516559 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05144c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new fluorescence chemosensor based on (Z)-2-(1-(3-oxo-3H-benzo[f]chromen-2-yl)ethylidene)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide (CEHC) has been developed for the determination of Fe(iii) in drinking water. The optimum conditions were acetate buffer solution with a pH 5.0. In this approach, the determination of Fe(iii) is based on static quenching of the luminescence of the probe upon increasing concentrations of Fe(iii). The CEHC sensor binds Fe(iii) in a 1 : 1 stoichiometry with a binding constant Ka = 1.30 × 104 M−1. CEHC responds to Fe(iii) in a way that is more sensitive, selective, and quick to turn off the fluorescence than to other heavy metal ions. Selectivity was proved against seven other metal ions (Mn(ii), Al(iii), Cu(ii), Ni(ii), Zn(ii), Pb(ii), and Cd(ii)). The calibration curve was constructed based on the Stern–Volmer equation. The linear range was 2.50–150 μM with the correlation coefficient of 0.9994, and the LOD was 0.76 μM. The method was successfully applied to determine Fe(iii) in drinking water samples, and the accuracy of the chemosensor was validated by atomic absorption spectrometry. A new fluorescence chemosensor based on (Z)-2-(1-(3-oxo-3H-benzo[f]chromen-2-yl)ethylidene)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide (CEHC) has been developed for the determination of the fluorescence probe of Fe(iii) in drinking water.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Gasser M. Khairy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, 41522 Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Alaa S. Amin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Egypt
| | - Sayed M. N. Moalla
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Egypt
| | - Ayman Medhat
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Egypt
| | - Nader Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Egypt
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