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Miranda S, Koop M, Angeli A, Lagrèze J, Malnoy M, Martens S. Assessment and Partial Characterization of Candidate Genes in Dihydrochalcone and Arbutin Biosynthesis in an Apple-Pear Hybrid by De Novo Transcriptome Assembly. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:11804-11819. [PMID: 38717061 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Apples (Malus × domestica Borkh.) and pears (Pyrus communis L.) are valuable crops closely related within the Rosaceae family with reported nutraceutical properties derived from secondary metabolites including phloridzin and arbutin, which are distinctive phenolic metabolites characterizing apples and pears, respectively. Here, we generated a de novo transcriptome assembly of an intergeneric hybrid between apple and pear, accumulating intermediate levels of phloridzin and arbutin. Combining RNA-seq, in silico functional annotation prediction, targeted gene expression analysis, and expression-metabolite correlations, we identified candidate genes for functional characterization, resulting in the identification of active arbutin synthases in the hybrid and parental genotypes. Despite exhibiting an active arbutin synthase in vitro, the natural lack of arbutin in apples is reasoned by the absence of the substrate and broad substrate specificity. Altogether, our study serves as the basis for future assessment of potential physiological roles of identified genes by genome editing of hybrids and pears.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simón Miranda
- Research and Innovation Centre, Edmund Mach Foundation, San Michele all'Adige 38098, Italy
| | - Marion Koop
- Research and Innovation Centre, Edmund Mach Foundation, San Michele all'Adige 38098, Italy
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Research and Innovation Centre, Edmund Mach Foundation, San Michele all'Adige 38098, Italy
| | - Jorge Lagrèze
- Research and Innovation Centre, Edmund Mach Foundation, San Michele all'Adige 38098, Italy
| | - Mickael Malnoy
- Research and Innovation Centre, Edmund Mach Foundation, San Michele all'Adige 38098, Italy
| | - Stefan Martens
- Research and Innovation Centre, Edmund Mach Foundation, San Michele all'Adige 38098, Italy
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2
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Malarz J, Yudina YV, Stojakowska A. Hairy Root Cultures as a Source of Phenolic Antioxidants: Simple Phenolics, Phenolic Acids, Phenylethanoids, and Hydroxycinnamates. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24086920. [PMID: 37108084 PMCID: PMC10138958 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24086920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived antioxidants are intrinsic components of human diet and factors implicated in tolerance mechanisms against environmental stresses in both plants and humans. They are being used as food preservatives and additives or ingredients of cosmetics. For nearly forty years, Rhizobium rhizogenes-transformed roots (hairy roots) have been studied in respect to their usability as producers of plant specialized metabolites of different, primarily medical applications. Moreover, the hairy root cultures have proven their value as a tool in crop plant improvement and in plant secondary metabolism investigations. Though cultivated plants remain a major source of plant polyphenolics of economic importance, the decline in biodiversity caused by climate changes and overexploitation of natural resources may increase the interest in hairy roots as a productive and renewable source of biologically active compounds. The present review examines hairy roots as efficient producers of simple phenolics, phenylethanoids, and hydroxycinnamates of plant origin and summarizes efforts to maximize the product yield. Attempts to use Rhizobium rhizogenes-mediated genetic transformation for inducing enhanced production of the plant phenolics/polyphenolics in crop plants are also mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janusz Malarz
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna Street 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Yulia V Yudina
- Educational and Scientific Medical Institute, National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute", Kyrpychova Street 2, 61002 Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Anna Stojakowska
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna Street 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
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3
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Sun R, Xing R, Zhang J, Yu N, Ge Y, Zhang W, Chen Y. UPLC-QTOF-MS coupled with machine learning to discriminate between NFC and FC orange juice. Food Control 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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4
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Zhang L, Yang L, Li RT, Yu F, Zhong J. A new prenylated 3-benzoxepin derivative with anti-influenza A virus activity from Elsholtzia penduliflora. Nat Prod Res 2022; 36:719-725. [PMID: 32729325 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1799360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A new prenylated 3-benzoxepin derivative, elsholtzioxin (1), together with fifteen known compounds (2-16) were isolated from the whole parts of Elsholtzia penduliflora. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of various spectroscopic techniques and chemical evidences. The antiviral activities of these compounds were evaluated in vitro. The new compound (1) exhibited potential anti-influenza virus activity against strain A/WSN/33/2009 (H1N1) with inhibition rate of 47.19%. Compounds 2, 9 and 12 exhibited significant inhibitory activities with IC50 value of 26.16, 34.66 and 20.81 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Linyao Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Rong-Tao Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Fei Yu
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jindong Zhong
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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5
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Pinto T, Aires A, Cosme F, Bacelar E, Morais MC, Oliveira I, Ferreira-Cardoso J, Anjos R, Vilela A, Gonçalves B. Bioactive (Poly)phenols, Volatile Compounds from Vegetables, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. Foods 2021; 10:foods10010106. [PMID: 33419090 PMCID: PMC7825428 DOI: 10.3390/foods10010106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols, as well as volatile compounds responsible for aromatic features, play a critical role in the quality of vegetables and medicinal, and aromatic plants (MAPs). The research conducted in recent years has shown that these plants contain biologically active compounds, mainly polyphenols, that relate to the prevention of inflammatory processes, neurodegenerative diseases, cancers, and cardiovascular disorders as well as to antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antiparasitic properties. Throughout the years, many researchers have deeply studied polyphenols and volatile compounds in medicinal and aromatic plants, particularly those associated with consumer's choices or with their beneficial properties. In this context, the purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the presence of volatile and nonvolatile compounds in some of the most economically relevant and consumed vegetables and medicinal and aromatic plants, with an emphasis on bioactive polyphenols, polyphenols as prebiotics, and, also, the most important factors that affect the contents and profiles of the volatile and nonvolatile compounds responsible for the aromatic features of vegetables and MAPs. Additionally, the new challenges for science in terms of improving polyphenol composition and intensifying volatile compounds responsible for the positive characteristics of vegetables and medicinal and aromatic plants are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Pinto
- CITAB, Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, Department of Biology and Environment, School of Life Sciences and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, P-5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (E.B.); (I.O.); (J.F.-C.); (R.A.); (B.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-259-350-345
| | - Alfredo Aires
- CITAB, Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, P-5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (A.A.); (M.C.M.)
| | - Fernanda Cosme
- CQ-VR, Chemistry Research Centre, Department of Biology and Environment, School of Life Sciences and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, P-5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (F.C.); (A.V.)
| | - Eunice Bacelar
- CITAB, Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, Department of Biology and Environment, School of Life Sciences and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, P-5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (E.B.); (I.O.); (J.F.-C.); (R.A.); (B.G.)
| | - Maria Cristina Morais
- CITAB, Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, P-5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (A.A.); (M.C.M.)
| | - Ivo Oliveira
- CITAB, Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, Department of Biology and Environment, School of Life Sciences and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, P-5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (E.B.); (I.O.); (J.F.-C.); (R.A.); (B.G.)
| | - Jorge Ferreira-Cardoso
- CITAB, Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, Department of Biology and Environment, School of Life Sciences and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, P-5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (E.B.); (I.O.); (J.F.-C.); (R.A.); (B.G.)
| | - Rosário Anjos
- CITAB, Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, Department of Biology and Environment, School of Life Sciences and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, P-5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (E.B.); (I.O.); (J.F.-C.); (R.A.); (B.G.)
| | - Alice Vilela
- CQ-VR, Chemistry Research Centre, Department of Biology and Environment, School of Life Sciences and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, P-5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (F.C.); (A.V.)
| | - Berta Gonçalves
- CITAB, Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, Department of Biology and Environment, School of Life Sciences and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, P-5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (E.B.); (I.O.); (J.F.-C.); (R.A.); (B.G.)
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Zhou Z, Li Q, Xiao L, Wang Y, Feng J, Bu Q, Xiao Y, Hao K, Guo M, Chen W, Zhang L. Multiplexed CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Knockout of Laccase Genes in Salvia miltiorrhiza Revealed Their Roles in Growth, Development, and Metabolism. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:647768. [PMID: 33815454 PMCID: PMC8014014 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.647768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Laccases are multicopper-containing glycoproteins related to monolignol oxidation and polymerization. These properties indicate that laccases may be involved in the formation of important medicinal phenolic acid compounds in Salvia miltiorrhiza such as salvianolic acid B (SAB), which is used for cardiovascular disease treatment. To date, 29 laccases have been found in S. miltiorrhiza (SmLACs), and some of which (SmLAC7 and SmLAC20) have been reported to influence the synthesis of phenolic acids. Because of the functional redundancy of laccase genes, their roles in S. miltiorrhiza are poorly understood. In this study, the CRISPR/Cas9 system was used for targeting conserved domains to knockout multiple genes of laccase family in S. miltiorrhiza. The expressions of target laccase genes as well as the phenolic acid biosynthesis key genes decrease dramatically in editing lines. Additionally, the growth and development of hairy roots was significantly retarded in the gene-edited lines. The cross-sections examination of laccase mutant hairy roots showed that the root development was abnormal and the xylem cells in the edited lines became larger and looser than those in the wild type. Additionally, the accumulation of RA as well as SAB was decreased, and the lignin content was nearly undetectable. It suggested that SmLACs play key roles in development and lignin formation in the root of S. miltiorrhiza and they are necessary for phenolic acids biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Xiao
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Biomedical Innovation R&D Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingxian Feng
- Research and Development Center of Chinese Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qitao Bu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Research and Development Center of Chinese Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Hao
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meili Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Meili Guo,
| | - Wansheng Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Research and Development Center of Chinese Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Wansheng Chen,
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Biomedical Innovation R&D Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
- Lei Zhang,
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Szczepańska J, Barba FJ, Skąpska S, Marszałek K. High pressure processing of carrot juice: Effect of static and multi-pulsed pressure on the polyphenolic profile, oxidoreductases activity and colour. Food Chem 2020; 307:125549. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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8
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Liu M, Ma F, Wu F, Jiang C, Wang Y. Expression of stilbene synthase VqSTS6 from wild Chinese Vitis quinquangularis in grapevine enhances resveratrol production and powdery mildew resistance. PLANTA 2019; 250:1997-2007. [PMID: 31531782 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03276-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In grape (Vitis), stilbene phytoalexins can either be in situ synthesized or transported to the site of response during powdery mildew infection, enhancing disease resistance. Resveratrol is a phytoprotective stilbenoid compound that is synthesized by stilbene synthase (STS) in response to biotic and abiotic stresses, and is also known to have health benefits in the human diet. We have previously shown that transgenic Vitis vinifera cv. Thompson Seedless plants overexpressing a stilbene synthase gene, VqSTS6, from wild Chinese Vitis quinquangularis had a higher stilbenoid content, leading to an enhanced resistance to powdery mildew (Uncinula necator (Schw.) Burr). However, the biosynthesis and transportation in the plant tissue under powdery mildew infection are still unclear. Here, inhibitor and micro-grafting technologies were used to study the accumulation of resveratrol following powdery mildew infection. We observed that the levels of STS expression and stilbenoids increased in response to powdery mildew infection. Powdery mildew and inhibitor treatment on detached grape branches showed that resveratrol was in situ synthesized. Experiments with grafted plantlets showed that the abundance of stilbenoid compounds increased in the shoot during VqSTS6 overexpression in the root, while VqSTS6-Flag fusion was not tranported to the scions and only expressed in the transgenic rootstocks. Compared with wild-type Thompson Seedless plants, the non-transgenic/VqSTS6 transgenic (scion/rootstock) grafted Thompson Seedless plantlets exhibited increased resistance to powdery mildew. In addition, overexpression of VqSTS6 in roots led to increased levels of stilbenoid compounds in five other European grape varieties (V. vinifera cvs. Chardonnay, Perlette, Cabernet Sauvignon, Riesling and Muscat Hamburg). In conclusion, stilbenoid compounds can be either in situ synthesized or transported to the site of powdery mildew infection, and overexpression of VqSTS6 in the root promotes stilbenoids accumulation and disease resistance in European grapevine varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fuli Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fengying Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Changyue Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuejin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Kamireddy K, Matam P, P S P, Parvatam G. Biochemical characterization of a key step involved in 2H4MB production in Decalepis hamiltonii. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 214:74-80. [PMID: 28460278 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Decalepis hamiltonii is widely known for its flavour molecule 2-Hydroxy-4-Methoxy Benzaldehyde (2H4MB), a structural isomer of vanillin. As the biosynthetic pathway of 2H4MB is not known, we hypothesised 2H4MB origins could be from phenylpropanoid pathway (PPP). Accordingly, a study was conducted using PPP inhibitors (viz. piperonylic acid, MDCA and propanil) against in vitro root cultures of D. hamiltonii to find the branch of PPP which catalyses the 2H4MB formation. HPLC analysis was carried out to quantify 2H4MB levels in control and respective inhibitor treated root cultures in vitro. The results obtained revealed that piperonylic acid did not inhibit 2H4MB biosynthesis in the given period, whereas MDCA and propanil had the marked inhibitory effect. The inhibitory effect was evident with 13.2, 33.6 and 37.9% decrease in 2H4MB levels at 50, 100 and 150mM concentration of MDCA respectively in comparison with control roots. Similarly, the inhibitory effect of propanil on 2H4MB biosynthesis was obvious with 23.7, 49.5 and 57.9% decrease in 2H4MB levels at 50, 100 and 150μM concentration of inhibitor respectively when compared with control roots. Propanil showed a greater slow down effect on 2H4MB biosynthesis compared to MDCA. Incorporation of 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0mM ferulic acid as a precursor to in vitro root cultures of D. hamiltonii showed an increase in 2H4MB levels at the rate of 3.1, 107 and 94.1% respectively as quantified by HPLC analysis. However, ferulic acid in conjunction with propanil did not show any increase in 2H4MB levels. This clearly explains that ferulic acid is channelled through the 4-CL (4-coumarate CoA ligase) enzyme, where it would be converted to feruloyl-CoA and could be further converted to 2H4MB in D. hamiltonii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Kamireddy
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (CSIR-CFTRI campus, Mysore), India; Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, CSIR-CFTRI, Mysore-570020, India
| | - Pradeep Matam
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, CSIR-CFTRI, Mysore-570020, India
| | - Priyanka P S
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (CSIR-CFTRI campus, Mysore), India; Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, CSIR-CFTRI, Mysore-570020, India
| | - Giridhar Parvatam
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (CSIR-CFTRI campus, Mysore), India; Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, CSIR-CFTRI, Mysore-570020, India.
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Ahmadian Chashmi N, Sharifi M, Behmanesh M. Lignan enhancement in hairy root cultures of Linum album using coniferaldehyde and methylenedioxycinnamic acid. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 46:454-60. [PMID: 26444150 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2015.1068802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Feeding experiments with hairy root cultures of Linum album have established that the extracellular coniferaldehyde is a good precursor for production of two lignans: lariciresinol (LARI) and pinoresinol (PINO). The accumulation of the LARI, PINO, and podophyllotoxin (PTOX) in hairy roots were enhanced about 14.8-, 8.7-, and 1.5-fold (107.61, 8.7 and 6.42 µg g(-1) Fresh Wight), respectively, by the addition of coniferaldehyde (2 mM) to the culture media (after 24 hr). This result was correlated with an increase pinoresinol/lariciresinol reductase (PLR) expression gene and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) activity in the fed hairy roots. Adding 3,4-(methylendioxy)cinnamic acid (MDCA) precursor did not influence on the lignans accumulation, but the lignin content of the hairy roots was increased. Moreover, the expression genes of phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL), CAD, and cinnamoyl-CoA reductase (CCR) were influenced after feeding hairy roots with MDCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najmeh Ahmadian Chashmi
- a Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences , Tarbiat Modares University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mohsen Sharifi
- a Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences , Tarbiat Modares University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mehrdad Behmanesh
- b Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences , Tarbiat Modares University , Tehran , Iran
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Li X, Thwe AA, Park CH, Kim SJ, Arasu MV, Abdullah Al-Dhabi N, Lee SY, Park SU. Ethephon-induced phenylpropanoid accumulation and related gene expression in tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn.) hairy root. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2017.1282835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Li
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Aye Aye Thwe
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Chang Ha Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sun Ju Kim
- Department of Bio-Environmental Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Mariadhas Valan Arasu
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sook Young Lee
- Regional Innovation Center for Dental Science and Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Sang Un Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
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Miras-Moreno B, Almagro L, Pedreño MA, Sabater-Jara AB. Enhanced accumulation of phytosterols and phenolic compounds in cyclodextrin-elicited cell suspension culture of Daucus carota. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 250:154-164. [PMID: 27457992 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this work, suspension-cultured cells of Daucus carota were used to evaluate the effect of β-cyclodextrins on the production of isoprenoid and phenolic compounds. The results showed that the phytosterols and phenolic compounds were accumulated in the extracellular medium (15100μgL(-1) and 477.46μgL(-1), respectively) in the presence of cyclodextrins. Unlike the phytosterol and phenolic compound content, β-carotene (1138.03μgL(-1)), lutein (25949.54μgL(-1)) and α-tocopherol (8063.82μgL(-1)) chlorophyll a (1625.13μgL(-1)) and b (9.958 (9958.33μgL(-1)) were mainly accumulated inside the cells. Therefore, cyclodextrins were able to induce the cytosolic mevalonate pathway, increasing the biosynthesis of phytosterols and phenolic compounds, and accumulate them outside the cells. However, in the absence of these cyclic oligosaccharidic elicitors, carrot cells mainly accumulated carotenoids through the methylerythritol 4-phosphate pathway. Therefore, the use of cyclodextrins would allow the extracellular accumulation of both phytosterols and phenolic compounds by diverting the carbon flux towards the cytosolic mevalonate/phenylpropanoid pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Miras-Moreno
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Lorena Almagro
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, E-30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - M A Pedreño
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Ana Belén Sabater-Jara
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
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Moon UR, Mitra A. A mechanistic insight into hydrogen peroxide-mediated elicitation of bioactive xanthones in Hoppea fastigiata shoot cultures. PLANTA 2016; 244:259-274. [PMID: 27059029 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-016-2506-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Elicitation of xanthones is mediated by ROS where Ca (2+) mediated generation of H 2 O 2 activates the shikimate pathway, a key regulator in early steps of xanthone biosynthesis in H. fastigiata. Shoot cultures of Hoppea fastigiata upon treatment with yeast extract (YE) accumulate an enhanced amount of 1,3,5-trihydroxy-8-methoxy xanthone. We demonstrated that YE treatment was followed by a rapid burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS, O2 (-) and H2O2) and subsequent increase in xanthone contents. The antioxidant enzymes (NADPH oxidase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase and catalase) followed a similar kinetics as that of ROS, depending on their role in production or degradation. It was observed that shikimate dehydrogenase (SKDH) and shikimate kinase (SK) activities enhanced after 8 h, benzophenone synthase activity continued to rise after elicitation and peaked at 18 h. Activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and 4-hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA ligase remained suppressed and unaffected, respectively, after elicitation. This suggests a possible phenylalanine-independent biosynthesis of xanthones. Successive treatment of shoots cultures with a NADPH-oxidase inhibitor diphenylene iodide and a ROS-scavenger dihydrolipoic acid showed inhibition in ROS (O2 (-) and H2O2) accumulation. These treatments were also shown to decrease the activities of SKDH and SK, leading to a suppressed amount of xanthones formation. Although O2 (-) showed continuous increase upon treatment with a SOD inhibitor diethyldithiocarbamic acid, the contents of H2O2 and xanthones were decreased, which correlates well with the reduced activities of SKDH and SK. Treatments with calcium antagonists, such as, lanthanum chloride and EGTA were also shown to block the activities of SKDH, SK, NADPH-oxidase and SOD, and consequently leading to suppressed accumulation of ROS (O2 (-) and H2O2) and xanthones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utkarsh Ravindra Moon
- Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Natural Product Biotechnology Group, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721 302, India
| | - Adinpunya Mitra
- Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Natural Product Biotechnology Group, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721 302, India.
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Litvinovskaya RP, Vayner AA, Zhylitskaya HA, Kolupaev YE, Savachka AP, Khripach VA. Synthesis and Stress-Protective Action on Plants of Brassinosteroid Conjugates with Salicylic Acid. Chem Nat Compd 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-016-1671-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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15
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Mukherjee C, Samanta T, Mitra A. Redirection of metabolite biosynthesis from hydroxybenzoates to volatile terpenoids in green hairy roots of Daucus carota. PLANTA 2016; 243:305-320. [PMID: 26403287 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-015-2403-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A metabolic shift in green hairy root cultures of carrot from phenylpropanoid/benzenoid biosynthesis toward volatile isoprenoids was observed when compared with the metabolite profile of normal hairy root cultures. Hairy roots cultures of Daucus carota turned green under continuous illumination, while the content of the major phenolic compound p-hydroxybenzoic acid (p-HBA) was reduced to half as compared to normal hairy roots cultured in darkness. p-Hydroxybenzaldehyde dehydrogenase (HBD) activity was suppressed in the green hairy roots. However, comparative volatile analysis of 14-day-old green hairy roots revealed higher monoterpene and sesquiterpene contents than found in normal hairy roots. Methyl salicylate content was higher in normal hairy roots than in green ones. Application of clomazone, an inhibitor of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase (DXS), reduced the amount of total monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes in green hairy roots compared to normal hairy roots. However, methyl salicylate content was enhanced in both green and normal hairy roots treated with clomazone as compared to their respective controls. Because methyl-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) and phenylpropanoid pathways, respectively, contribute to the formation of monoterpenes and phenolic acids biosynthesis, the activities of enzymes regulating those pathways were measured in terms of their in vitro activities, in both green and normal hairy root cultures. These key enzymes were 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase (DXR), an early regulatory enzyme of the MEP pathway, pyruvate kinase (PK), an enzyme of primary metabolism related to the MEP pathway, shikimate dehydrogenase (SKDH) which is involved in biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids, and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) that catalyzes the first step of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. Activities of DXR and PK were higher in green hairy roots as compared to normal ones, whereas the opposite trend was observed for SKDH and PAL activities. Gene expression analysis of DXR and PAL showed trends similar to those for the respective enzyme activities. Based on these observations, we suggest a possible redirection of metabolites from the primary metabolism toward isoprenoid biosynthesis, limiting the phenolic biosynthetic pathway in green hairy roots grown under continuous light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiranjit Mukherjee
- Natural Product Biotechnology Group, Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721 302, India
| | - Tanmoy Samanta
- Natural Product Biotechnology Group, Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721 302, India
| | - Adinpunya Mitra
- Natural Product Biotechnology Group, Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721 302, India.
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16
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Designing novel glucose/ornithine replenishment strategies by biosynthetic and bioprocess analysis to improve fibrinolytic FGFC1 production by the marine fungus Stachybotrys longispora. Process Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2015.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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Wu Q, Chen M, Zhou H, Zhou X, Wang Y. Metabolite profiles of Populus in response to pathogen stress. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 465:421-6. [PMID: 26291267 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Populus canker is a widespread disease that seriously affects the growth and productivity of trees, and may even cause tree death. To assess the metabolic changes in Populus in response to pathogen stress, Populus stems infected or not with Dothiorella gregaria were analyzed by GC-MS. A total of 4, 051 features were detected and 44 metabolites were identified to be changed significantly in Populus upon infection. The identified responsive metabolites include saccharides, alcohols, organic acids, and amino acids and some secondary metabolites and most of the metabolites were detected at increased levels. Responsive metabolites were investigated about their metabolism pathway and the corresponding metabolic networks were further constructed. To our knowledge, this is the first study to identify the metabolite profiles of Populus in response to pathogen stress. The results extend our understanding of the mechanisms involved in the defense of Populus against pathogens and provide a basis for further research on plant defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuming Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Min Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Hailong Zhou
- Qigou State-owned Forest Farm in Hebei Province, Pingquan, Hebei, 067509, PR China
| | - Xianqing Zhou
- Qigou State-owned Forest Farm in Hebei Province, Pingquan, Hebei, 067509, PR China
| | - Yanwei Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, PR China.
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18
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Mukherjee C, Sircar D, Chatterjee M, Das S, Mitra A. Combating photooxidative stress in green hairy roots of Daucus carota cultivated under light irradiation. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 171:179-187. [PMID: 24331434 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2013.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The light-dependent generation of active oxygen species, which can disrupt normal metabolic process of plant, is termed as photo-oxidative stress. Plants are equipped with enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidative defence system to reduce the effect of such stress. Hairy root culture of Daucus carota when cultivated under continuous illumination (250 μmol m(-2)s(-1)) turned green. To know the reason behind that and photo-oxidative stress response in green hairy roots, activities of several antioxidant enzymes were measured. When compared with normal hairy roots, green hairy roots showed an enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Treatment with a SOD inhibitor diethyldithiocarbamate led to suppression of SOD activity in a concentration-dependent manner in green hairy roots. Interestingly, SOD-suppressed root showed three-fold enhanced caffeic acid glucoside accumulation in the soluble fraction as compared to untreated ones. While ascorbate peroxidase activity showed marginal increase in green hairy roots, a decrease in the activities of guaiacol peroxidase and catalase were observed. SDS-PAGE of crude protein profile from green hairy roots showed a distinct band, which was absent in normal hairy roots. MALDI-TOF-MS/MS analysis of the extracted protein confirmed it as the large subunit of RuBisCO. RT-PCR based expression analysis of betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase showed enhanced transcript levels in green hairy roots as compared to normal hairy roots, whereas reverse trends were observed with the transcripts accumulation for phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and chalcone synthase. These findings corroborate with the in vitro BADH activities in hairy roots, and thus indicate an important role of this stress enzyme in combating photo-oxidative stress in green hairy roots upon continuous light exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiranjit Mukherjee
- Natural Product Biotechnology Group, Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721 302, India
| | - Debabrata Sircar
- Biotechnology Department, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247 667, India
| | - Moniya Chatterjee
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, P1/12, CIT Road, Scheme VIIM, Kolkata 700 054, India
| | - Sampa Das
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, P1/12, CIT Road, Scheme VIIM, Kolkata 700 054, India
| | - Adinpunya Mitra
- Natural Product Biotechnology Group, Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721 302, India.
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19
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Wang ZB, Chen X, Wang W, Cheng KD, Kong JQ. Transcriptome-wide identification and characterization of Ornithogalum saundersiae phenylalanine ammonia lyase gene family. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra03385j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptome-wide identification and characterization ofOrnithogalum saundersiaephenylalanine ammonia lyase gene family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Biao Wang
- Institute of Materia Medica
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines & Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products)
- Beijing, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Institute of Materia Medica
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines & Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products)
- Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Institute of Materia Medica
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines & Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products)
- Beijing, China
| | - Ke-Di Cheng
- Institute of Materia Medica
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines & Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products)
- Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Qiang Kong
- Institute of Materia Medica
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines & Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products)
- Beijing, China
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20
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Parmar SS, Jaiwal A, Dhankher OP, Jaiwal PK. Coenzyme Q10 production in plants: current status and future prospects. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2013; 35:152-64. [PMID: 24090245 DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2013.823594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) or Ubiquinone10 (UQ10), an isoprenylated benzoquinone, is well-known for its role as an electron carrier in aerobic respiration. It is a sole representative of lipid soluble antioxidant that is synthesized in our body. In recent years, it has been found to be associated with a range of patho-physiological conditions and its oral administration has also reported to be of therapeutic value in a wide spectrum of chronic diseases. Additionally, as an antioxidant, it has been widely used as an ingredient in dietary supplements, neutraceuticals, and functional foods as well as in anti-aging creams. Since its limited dietary uptake and decrease in its endogenous synthesis in the body with age and under various diseases states warrants its adequate supply from an external source. To meet its growing demand for pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries, there is a great interest in the commercial production of CoQ10. Various synthetic and fermentation of microbial natural producers and their mutated strains have been developed for its commercial production. Although, microbial production is the major industrial source of CoQ10 but due to low yield and high production cost, other cost-effective and alternative sources need to be explored. Plants, being photosynthetic, producing high biomass and the engineering of pathways for producing CoQ10 directly in food crops will eliminate the additional step for purification and thus could be used as an ideal and cost-effective alternative to chemical synthesis and microbial production of CoQ10. A better understanding of CoQ10 biosynthetic enzymes and their regulation in model systems like E. coli and yeast has led to the use of metabolic engineering to enhance CoQ10 production not only in microbes but also in plants. The plant-based CoQ10 production has emerged as a cost-effective and environment-friendly approach capable of supplying CoQ10 in ample amounts. The current strategies, progress and constraints of CoQ10 production in plants are discussed in this review.
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21
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Hairy root cultures: A suitable biological system for studying secondary metabolic pathways in plants. Eng Life Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201200030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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22
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Sircar D, Cardoso HG, Mukherjee C, Mitra A, Arnholdt-Schmitt B. Alternative oxidase (AOX) and phenolic metabolism in methyl jasmonate-treated hairy root cultures of Daucus carota L. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 169:657-63. [PMID: 22326792 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2011.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Revised: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Methyl-jasmonate (MJ)-treated hairy roots of Daucus carota L. were used to study the influence of alternative oxidase (AOX) in phenylpropanoid metabolism. Phenolic acid accumulation, as well as total flavonoids and lignin content of the MJ-treated hairy roots were decreased by treatment with salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM), a known inhibitor of AOX. The inhibitory effect of SHAM was concentration dependent. Treatment with propyl gallate (PG), another inhibitor of AOX, also had a similar inhibitory effect on accumulation of phenolic acid, total flavonoids and lignin. The transcript levels of two DcAOX genes (DcAOX2a and DcAOX1a) were monitored at selected post-elicitation time points. A notable rise in the transcript levels of both DcAOX genes was observed preceding the MJ-induced enhanced accumulation of phenolics, flavonoids and lignin. An appreciable increase in phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) transcript level was also observed prior to enhanced phenolics accumulation. Both DcAOX genes showed differential transcript accumulation patterns after the onset of elicitation. The transcript levels of DcAOX1a and DcAOX2a attained peak at 6hours post elicitation (hpe) and 12hpe, respectively. An increase in the transcript levels of both DcAOX genes preceding the accumulation of phenylpropanoid-derivatives and lignin showed a positive correlation between AOX activity and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. The results provide important new insight about the influence of AOX in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debabrata Sircar
- EU Marie Curie Chair, ICAAM, University of Évora, 7002-554 Évora, Portugal.
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Khadem S, Marles RJ. Monocyclic phenolic acids; hydroxy- and polyhydroxybenzoic acids: occurrence and recent bioactivity studies. Molecules 2010; 15:7985-8005. [PMID: 21060304 PMCID: PMC6259451 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15117985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Revised: 11/03/2010] [Accepted: 11/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the wide diversity of naturally occurring phenolic acids, at least 30 hydroxy- and polyhydroxybenzoic acids have been reported in the last 10 years to have biological activities. The chemical structures, natural occurrence throughout the plant, algal, bacterial, fungal and animal kingdoms, and recently described bioactivities of these phenolic and polyphenolic acids are reviewed to illustrate their wide distribution, biological and ecological importance, and potential as new leads for the development of pharmaceutical and agricultural products to improve human health and nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahriar Khadem
- Natural Health Products Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, 2936 Baseline Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada.
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Quantitative Evaluation of 4-Coumarate: CoA Ligase (4CL) Activity and Correlated Chemical Constituents in Four Plant Materials by Chromatographic Analysis. Chin J Nat Med 2010. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1009.2010.00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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LI L, WANG XB, YANG L, KONG LY. Quantitative Evaluation of 4-Coumarate: CoA Ligase (4CL) Activity and Correlated Chemical Constituents in Four Plant Materials by Chromatographic Analysis. Chin J Nat Med 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(10)60034-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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26
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Marbois B, Xie LX, Choi S, Hirano K, Hyman K, Clarke CF. para-Aminobenzoic acid is a precursor in coenzyme Q6 biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:27827-38. [PMID: 20592037 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.151894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (ubiquinone or Q) is a crucial mitochondrial lipid required for respiratory electron transport in eukaryotes. 4-Hydroxybenozoate (4HB) is an aromatic ring precursor that forms the benzoquinone ring of Q and is used extensively to examine Q biosynthesis. However, the direct precursor compounds and enzymatic steps for synthesis of 4HB in yeast are unknown. Here we show that para-aminobenzoic acid (pABA), a well known precursor of folate, also functions as a precursor for Q biosynthesis. A hexaprenylated form of pABA (prenyl-pABA) is normally present in wild-type yeast crude lipid extracts but is absent in yeast abz1 mutants starved for pABA. A stable (13)C(6)-isotope of pABA (p- amino[aromatic-(13)C(6)]benzoic acid ([(13)C(6)]pABA)), is prenylated in either wild-type or abz1 mutant yeast to form prenyl-[(13)C(6)]pABA. We demonstrate by HPLC and mass spectrometry that yeast incubated with either [(13)C(6)]pABA or [(13)C(6)]4HB generate both (13)C(6)-demethoxy-Q (DMQ), a late stage Q biosynthetic intermediate, as well as the final product (13)C(6)-coenzyme Q. Pulse-labeling analyses show that formation of prenyl-pABA occurs within minutes and precedes the synthesis of Q. Yeast utilizing pABA as a ring precursor produce another nitrogen containing intermediate, 4-imino-DMQ(6). This intermediate is produced in small quantities in wild-type yeast cultured in standard media and in abz1 mutants supplemented with pABA. We suggest a mechanism where Schiff base-mediated deimination forms DMQ(6) quinone, thereby eliminating the nitrogen contributed by pABA. This scheme results in the convergence of the 4HB and pABA pathways in eukaryotic Q biosynthesis and has implications regarding the action of pABA-based antifolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth Marbois
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, USA
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