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Cai J, Veerappan V, Arildsen K, Sullivan C, Piechowicz M, Frugoli J, Dickstein R. A modified aeroponic system for growing small-seeded legumes and other plants to study root systems. PLANT METHODS 2023; 19:21. [PMID: 36869350 PMCID: PMC9983192 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-023-01000-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various growth systems are available for studying plant root growth and plant-microbe interactions including hydroponics and aeroponics. Although some of these systems work well with Arabidopsis thaliana and smaller cereal model plants, they may not scale up as well for use with hundreds of plants at a time from a larger plant species. The aim of this study is to present step-by-step instructions for fabricating an aeroponic system, also called a "caisson," that has been in use in several legume research labs studying the development of symbiotic nitrogen fixing nodules, but for which detailed directions are not currently available. The aeroponic system is reusable and is adaptable for many other types of investigations besides root nodulation. RESULTS An aeroponic system that is affordable and reusable was adapted from a design invented by French engineer René Odorico. It consists of two main components: a modified trash can with a lid of holes and a commercially available industrial humidifier that is waterproofed with silicon sealant. The humidifier generates a mist in which plant roots grow, suspended from holes in trash can lid. Results from use of the aeroponic system have been available in the scientific community for decades; it has a record as a workhorse in the lab. CONCLUSIONS Aeroponic systems present a convenient way for researchers to grow plants for studying root systems and plant-microbe interactions in root systems. They are particularly attractive for phenotyping roots and following the progress of nodule development in legumes. Advantages include the ability to precisely control the growth medium in which the plants grow and easy observations of roots during growth. In this system, mechanical shear potentially killing microbes found in some other types of aeroponic devices is not an issue. Disadvantages of aeroponic systems include the likelihood of altered root physiology compared to root growth on soil and other solid substrates and the need to have separate aeroponic systems for comparing plant responses to different microbial strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingya Cai
- Department of Biological Sciences and BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
| | - Vijaykumar Veerappan
- Department of Biology, Eastern Connecticut State University, Willimantic, CT, 06226, USA.
| | - Kate Arildsen
- Department of Biology, Eastern Connecticut State University, Willimantic, CT, 06226, USA
| | - Catrina Sullivan
- Department of Biology, Eastern Connecticut State University, Willimantic, CT, 06226, USA
| | - Megan Piechowicz
- Department of Biology, Eastern Connecticut State University, Willimantic, CT, 06226, USA
| | - Julia Frugoli
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Rebecca Dickstein
- Department of Biological Sciences and BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA.
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Wilson ST, Caffin M, White AE, Karl DM. Evaluation of argon-induced hydrogen production as a method to measure nitrogen fixation by cyanobacteria. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2021; 57:863-873. [PMID: 33450056 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The production of dihydrogen (H2 ) is an enigmatic yet obligate component of biological dinitrogen (N2 ) fixation. This study investigates the effect on H2 production by N2 fixing cyanobacteria when they are exposed to either air or a gas mixture consisting of argon, oxygen, and carbon dioxide (Ar:O2 :CO2 ). In the absence of N2 , nitrogenase diverts the flow of electrons to the production of H2 , which becomes a measure of Total Nitrogenase Activity (TNA). This method of argon-induced hydrogen production (AIHP) is much less commonly used to infer rates of N2 fixation than the acetylene reduction (AR) assay. We provide here a full evaluation of the AIHP method and demonstrate its ability to achieve high-resolution measurements of TNA in a gas exchange flow-through system. Complete diel profiles of H2 production were obtained for N2 fixing cyanobacteria despite the absence of N2 that broadly reproduced the temporal patterns observed by the AR assay. Comparison of H2 production under air versus Ar:O2 :CO2 revealed the efficiency of electron usage during N2 fixation and place these findings in the broader context of cell metabolism. Ultimately, AIHP is demonstrated to be a viable alternative to the AR assay with several additional merits that provide an insight into cell physiology and promise for successful field application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel T Wilson
- Daniel K. Inouye Center for Microbial Oceanography: Research and Education (C-MORE), University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA
| | - Mathieu Caffin
- Daniel K. Inouye Center for Microbial Oceanography: Research and Education (C-MORE), University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA
| | - Angelicque E White
- Daniel K. Inouye Center for Microbial Oceanography: Research and Education (C-MORE), University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA
| | - David M Karl
- Daniel K. Inouye Center for Microbial Oceanography: Research and Education (C-MORE), University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA
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Oono R, Muller KE, Ho R, Jimenez Salinas A, Denison RF. How do less-expensive nitrogen alternatives affect legume sanctions on rhizobia? Ecol Evol 2020; 10:10645-10656. [PMID: 33072286 PMCID: PMC7548176 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolutionary stability of mutualistic interactions involving multiple partners requires “sanctioning”–the ability to influence the fitness of each partner based on its respective contribution. Sanctions must be sensitive to even small differences if even slightly less‐beneficial partners could gain a fitness advantage by diverting resources away from the mutualistic service toward their own reproductive fitness. Here, we test whether legume hosts sanction even mediocre N2‐fixing rhizobial strains by influencing either nodule growth (which limits rhizobial cell numbers) or carbon accumulation (polyhydroxybutryate or PHB) per rhizobial cell. We also test whether sanctions depend on the availability of less‐expensive nitrogen alternatives, either as nitrate or coinoculation with a more‐efficient isogenic strain. We found that nitrate eliminated differences in nodule size between the mediocre and more‐efficient strains, suggesting that host sanctions were compromised. However, nitrate additions also decreased PHB accumulation by the mediocre strain, which may eliminate any fitness advantages of diverting resources from N2 fixation. Coinoculation with a more‐efficient strain could also compromise host sanctions if reduction in fitness from smaller nodules does not offset the potential fitness gain from greater PHB accumulation that we observed in the mediocre strain. Hence, a host's ability to sanction mediocre strains depends not only on alternative sources of nitrogen but also the relative importance of different components of rhizobial fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoko Oono
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology University of California Santa Barbara CA USA
| | - Katherine E Muller
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior University of Minnesota - Twin Cities St. Paul MN USA.,Present address: School of Integrated Sciences Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
| | - Randy Ho
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology University of California Santa Barbara CA USA
| | - Andres Jimenez Salinas
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology University of California Santa Barbara CA USA.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry San Diego State University San Diego CA USA
| | - Robert Ford Denison
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior University of Minnesota - Twin Cities St. Paul MN USA
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Liese R, Schulze J, Cabeza RA. Nitrate application or P deficiency induce a decline in Medicago truncatula N 2-fixation by similar changes in the nodule transcriptome. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46264. [PMID: 28393902 PMCID: PMC5385875 DOI: 10.1038/srep46264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen fixation of Medicago truncatula is regulated by the nitrogen status of leaves through inducing a repeatedly occurring 24-h nodule activity rhythm that reduces per day nitrogen fixation. The hypotheses of the present study were that (1) long-term moderate whole-plant P deficiency in Medicago truncatula induces an according daily rhythm in nitrogenase activity comparable to that induced by nitrate application and (2), the changes in the nodule transcriptome that go along with a strong nitrogenase activity decline during the afternoon would be similar under P deficiency or after nitrate supply. The nodules of plants in a low P treatment developed a rhythmic pattern of activity that resembled the pattern following nitrate application. A comprehensive, RNAseq-based comparative transcriptome profiling of nodules during a repeated part of the rhythm revealed similarities between P deficiency versus nitrate supply. Under both treatments, the formation of nitrogenase was targeted by a reduction in the expression of genes for nodule-specific cysteine-rich peptides (NCR), and possibly also by a disturbance of the inner cell iron allocation. A strong reduction in the expression of leghemoglobin is likely to have restricted the supply of oxygen for respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Liese
- Department of Crop Science, Section for Plant Nutrition and Crop Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Goettingen, Carl-Sprengel-Weg 1, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Joachim Schulze
- Department of Crop Science, Section for Plant Nutrition and Crop Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Goettingen, Carl-Sprengel-Weg 1, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Ricardo A Cabeza
- Departmento de Producción Agrícola, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, Casilla 747, Talca, Chile
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Cabeza RA, Liese R, Fischinger SA, Sulieman S, Avenhaus U, Lingner A, Hein H, Koester B, Baumgarten V, Dittert K, Schulze J. Long-term non-invasive and continuous measurements of legume nodule activity. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 81:637-48. [PMID: 25640854 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Symbiotic nitrogen fixation is a process of considerable economic, ecological and scientific interest. The central enzyme nitrogenase reduces H(+) alongside N2 , and the evolving H2 allows a continuous and non-invasive in vivo measurement of nitrogenase activity. The objective of this study was to show that an elaborated set-up providing such measurements for periods as long as several weeks will produce specific insight into the nodule activity's dependence on environmental conditions and genotype features. A system was developed that allows the air-proof separation of a root/nodule and a shoot compartment. H2 evolution in the root/nodule compartment can be monitored continuously. Nutrient solution composition, temperature, CO2 concentration and humidity around the shoots can concomitantly be maintained and manipulated. Medicago truncatula plants showed vigorous growth in the system when relying on nitrogen fixation. The set-up was able to provide specific insights into nitrogen fixation. For example, nodule activity depended on the temperature in their surroundings, but not on temperature or light around shoots. Increased temperature around the nodules was able to induce higher nodule activity in darkness versus light around shoots for a period of as long as 8 h. Conditions that affected the N demand of the shoots (ammonium application, Mg or P depletion, super numeric nodules) induced consistent and complex daily rhythms in nodule activity. It was shown that long-term continuous measurements of nodule activity could be useful for revealing special features in mutants and could be of importance when synchronizing nodule harvests for complex analysis of their metabolic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo A Cabeza
- Section for Plant Nutrition and Crop Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Crop Science, University of Goettingen, Carl-Sprengel-Weg 1, Goettingen, 37075, Germany; Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Departamento de Ingeniería y Suelos, Universidad de Chile, Av. Santa Rosa 11315, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile
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Avenhaus U, Cabeza RA, Liese R, Lingner A, Dittert K, Salinas-Riester G, Pommerenke C, Schulze J. Short-Term Molecular Acclimation Processes of Legume Nodules to Increased External Oxygen Concentration. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:1133. [PMID: 26779207 PMCID: PMC4702478 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogenase is an oxygen labile enzyme. Microaerobic conditions within the infected zone of nodules are maintained primarily by an oxygen diffusion barrier (ODB) located in the nodule cortex. Flexibility of the ODB is important for the acclimation processes of nodules in response to changes in external oxygen concentration. The hypothesis of the present study was that there are additional molecular mechanisms involved. Nodule activity of Medicago truncatula plants were continuously monitored during a change from 21 to 25 or 30% oxygen around root nodules by measuring nodule H2 evolution. Within about 2 min of the increase in oxygen concentration, a steep decline in nitrogenase activity occurred. A quick recovery commenced about 8 min later. A qPCR-based analysis of the expression of genes for nitrogenase components showed a tendency toward upregulation during the recovery. The recovery resulted in a new constant activity after about 30 min, corresponding to approximately 90% of the pre-treatment level. An RNAseq-based comparative transcriptome profiling of nodules at that point in time revealed that genes for nodule-specific cysteine-rich (NCR) peptides, defensins, leghaemoglobin and chalcone and stilbene synthase were significantly upregulated when considered as a gene family. A gene for a nicotianamine synthase-like protein (Medtr1g084050) showed a strong increase in count number. The gene appears to be of importance for nodule functioning, as evidenced by its consistently high expression in nodules and a strong reaction to various environmental cues that influence nodule activity. A Tnt1-mutant that carries an insert in the coding sequence (cds) of that gene showed reduced nitrogen fixation and less efficient acclimation to an increased external oxygen concentration. It was concluded that sudden increases in oxygen concentration around nodules destroy nitrogenase, which is quickly counteracted by an increased neoformation of the enzyme. This reaction might be induced by increased formation of NCR peptides and necessitates an efficient iron supply to the bacteroid, which is probably mediated by nicotianamine. The paper is dedicated to the 85th birthday of Prof. Dr. Günther Schilling, University of Halle/Wittenberg, Germany, https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Günther_Schilling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Avenhaus
- Department of Crop Science, Section for Plant Nutrition and Crop Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of GoettingenGoettingen, Germany
| | - Ricardo A. Cabeza
- Department of Crop Science, Section for Plant Nutrition and Crop Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of GoettingenGoettingen, Germany
- Departamento de Ingeniería y Suelos, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de ChileLa Pintana, Chile
| | - Rebecca Liese
- Department of Crop Science, Section for Plant Nutrition and Crop Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of GoettingenGoettingen, Germany
| | - Annika Lingner
- Department of Crop Science, Section for Plant Nutrition and Crop Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of GoettingenGoettingen, Germany
| | - Klaus Dittert
- Department of Crop Science, Section for Plant Nutrition and Crop Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of GoettingenGoettingen, Germany
| | - Gabriela Salinas-Riester
- Department of Developmental Biochemistry, DNA Microarray and Deep-Sequencing Facility, Faculty of Medicine, University of GoettingenGoettingen, Germany
| | - Claudia Pommerenke
- Department of Developmental Biochemistry, DNA Microarray and Deep-Sequencing Facility, Faculty of Medicine, University of GoettingenGoettingen, Germany
| | - Joachim Schulze
- Department of Crop Science, Section for Plant Nutrition and Crop Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of GoettingenGoettingen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Joachim Schulze,
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Cabeza RA, Liese R, Lingner A, von Stieglitz I, Neumann J, Salinas-Riester G, Pommerenke C, Dittert K, Schulze J. RNA-seq transcriptome profiling reveals that Medicago truncatula nodules acclimate N₂ fixation before emerging P deficiency reaches the nodules. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:6035-48. [PMID: 25151618 PMCID: PMC4203135 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Legume nodules are plant tissues with an exceptionally high concentration of phosphorus (P), which, when there is scarcity of P, is preferentially maintained there rather than being allocated to other plant organs. The hypothesis of this study was that nodules are affected before the P concentration in the organ declines during whole-plant P depletion. Nitrogen (N₂) fixation and P concentration in various organs were monitored during a whole-plant P-depletion process in Medicago truncatula. Nodule gene expression was profiled through RNA-seq at day 5 of P depletion. Until that point in time P concentration in leaves reached a lower threshold but was maintained in nodules. N₂-fixation activity per plant diverged from that of fully nourished plants beginning at day 5 of the P-depletion process, primarily because fewer nodules were being formed, while the activity of the existing nodules was maintained for as long as two weeks into P depletion. RNA-seq revealed nodule acclimation on a molecular level with a total of 1140 differentially expressed genes. Numerous genes for P remobilization from organic structures were increasingly expressed. Various genes involved in nodule malate formation were upregulated, while genes involved in fermentation were downregulated. The fact that nodule formation was strongly repressed with the onset of P deficiency is reflected in the differential expression of various genes involved in nodulation. It is concluded that plants follow a strategy to maintain N₂ fixation and viable leaf tissue as long as possible during whole-plant P depletion to maintain their ability to react to emerging new P sources (e.g. through active P acquisition by roots).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo A Cabeza
- Department of Crop Science, Section for Plant Nutrition and Crop Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Goettingen, Carl-Sprengel-Weg 1, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Rebecca Liese
- Department of Crop Science, Section for Plant Nutrition and Crop Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Goettingen, Carl-Sprengel-Weg 1, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Annika Lingner
- Department of Crop Science, Section for Plant Nutrition and Crop Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Goettingen, Carl-Sprengel-Weg 1, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Ilsabe von Stieglitz
- Department of Crop Science, Section for Plant Nutrition and Crop Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Goettingen, Carl-Sprengel-Weg 1, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Janice Neumann
- Department of Crop Science, Section for Plant Nutrition and Crop Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Goettingen, Carl-Sprengel-Weg 1, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Gabriela Salinas-Riester
- Department of Developmental Biochemistry, DNA Microarray and Deep-Sequencing Facility, Faculty of Medicine, University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Claudia Pommerenke
- Department of Developmental Biochemistry, DNA Microarray and Deep-Sequencing Facility, Faculty of Medicine, University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Klaus Dittert
- Department of Crop Science, Section for Plant Nutrition and Crop Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Goettingen, Carl-Sprengel-Weg 1, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Joachim Schulze
- Department of Crop Science, Section for Plant Nutrition and Crop Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Goettingen, Carl-Sprengel-Weg 1, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
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Cabeza RA, Lingner A, Liese R, Sulieman S, Senbayram M, Tränkner M, Dittert K, Schulze J. The activity of nodules of the supernodulating mutant Mtsunn is not limited by photosynthesis under optimal growth conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:6031-45. [PMID: 24727372 PMCID: PMC4013613 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15046031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Legumes match the nodule number to the N demand of the plant. When a mutation in the regulatory mechanism deprives the plant of that ability, an excessive number of nodules are formed. These mutants show low productivity in the fields, mainly due to the high carbon burden caused through the necessity to supply numerous nodules. The objective of this study was to clarify whether through optimal conditions for growth and CO2 assimilation a higher nodule activity of a supernodulating mutant of Medicago truncatula (M. truncatula) can be induced. Several experimental approaches reveal that under the conditions of our experiments, the nitrogen fixation of the supernodulating mutant, designated as sunn (super numeric nodules), was not limited by photosynthesis. Higher specific nitrogen fixation activity could not be induced through short- or long-term increases in CO2 assimilation around shoots. Furthermore, a whole plant P depletion induced a decline in nitrogen fixation, however this decline did not occur significantly earlier in sunn plants, nor was it more intense compared to the wild-type. However, a distinctly different pattern of nitrogen fixation during the day/night cycles of the experiment indicates that the control of N2 fixing activity of the large number of nodules is an additional problem for the productivity of supernodulating mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo A Cabeza
- Department for Crop Science, Section for Plant Nutrition and Crop Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Goettingen, Carl-Sprengel-Weg 1, Goettingen 37075, Germany.
| | - Annika Lingner
- Department for Crop Science, Section for Plant Nutrition and Crop Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Goettingen, Carl-Sprengel-Weg 1, Goettingen 37075, Germany.
| | - Rebecca Liese
- Department for Crop Science, Section for Plant Nutrition and Crop Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Goettingen, Carl-Sprengel-Weg 1, Goettingen 37075, Germany.
| | - Saad Sulieman
- Signaling Pathway Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.
| | - Mehmet Senbayram
- Institute for Applied Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Goettingen, Carl-Sprengel-Weg 1, Goettingen 37075, Germany.
| | - Merle Tränkner
- Institute for Applied Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Goettingen, Carl-Sprengel-Weg 1, Goettingen 37075, Germany.
| | - Klaus Dittert
- Department for Crop Science, Section for Plant Nutrition and Crop Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Goettingen, Carl-Sprengel-Weg 1, Goettingen 37075, Germany.
| | - Joachim Schulze
- Department for Crop Science, Section for Plant Nutrition and Crop Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Goettingen, Carl-Sprengel-Weg 1, Goettingen 37075, Germany.
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Schulze J, Mohamed MAN, Carlsson G, Drevon JJ. Phosphorous deficiency decreases nitrogenase activity but increases proton efflux in N2-fixing Medicago truncatula. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2011; 49:458-460. [PMID: 21334214 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2011.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2010] [Revised: 12/30/2010] [Accepted: 01/24/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Effects of Sinorhizobium strain and P nutrition on N(2)-dependent growth, nitrogenase activity and proton efflux by nodulated roots were investigated in the model legume Medicago truncatula cultivar Jemalong grown in hydroaeroponic culture in symbioses with Sinorhizobium meliloti strains 102F51 and 2011. Sinorhizobium strain had strong effects on nitrogenase activity and N(2)-dependent growth, with S. meliloti 102F51 being the more efficient strain. Apparent and total nitrogenase activities, measured by hydrogen evolution in air and argon, respectively, were drastically reduced in plants supplied with 5 μmol P plant(-1) week(-1) as compared with 15 μmol P plant(-1) week(-1). There was a net proton efflux as soon as 2 weeks after inoculation and, in contrast to the effect of P nutrition on nitrogenase activity, P deficiency increased total and specific proton effluxes, irrespective of Sinorhizobium strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Schulze
- Department für Nutzpflanzenwissenschaften Abteilung Pflanzenernährung, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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