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Yang J, Yang X, Li B, Lu X, Kang J, Cao X. Establishment of in vitro culture system for Codonopsis pilosula transgenic hairy roots. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:137. [PMID: 32158633 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-2130-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to establish a reliable system of transgenic hairy roots in Codonopsis pilosula through Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation. For this, we optimized several steps in the process of A. rhizogenes strain C58C1 mediated hairy root induction, including the most appropriate medium, explant type, time for infection and co-cultivation. We achieved an induction rate of up to 100% when the roots of C. pilosula seedlings were used as explants, infected with A. rhizogenes C58C1 harboring pCAMBIA1305 for 5 min, followed by induction on 1/2MS supplemented with 0.2 mg/L naphthylacetic acid and 200 mg/L cefotaxime sodium. The co-transformed hairy roots were confirmed by PCR amplification of hygromycin phosphotransferase II gene and histochemical GUS assay, and the efficiency of transformation was 70% and 68.3%, respectively, when no hygromycin selection pressure was exerted. To increase biomass production, we excised and self-propagated the transformed hairy roots, which produce saponins. Our successful establishment of an in vitro culture system of transgenic hairy root for this species lays the foundation not only for assessing gene expression and function but also for obtaining high levels of secondary metabolites through genetic engineering technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- 1Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaozeng Yang
- 2Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Li
- 1Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiayang Lu
- 1Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiefang Kang
- 1Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoyan Cao
- 1Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
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Stanišić M, Ćosić T, Savić J, Krstić-Milošević D, Mišić D, Smigocki A, Ninković S, Banjac N. Hairy root culture as a valuable tool for allelopathic studies in apple. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 39:888-905. [PMID: 30811532 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpz006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Allelopathic plants exploit their chemical 'weapons' to prevail over the competition, suppress neighboring plants and consequently use the available resources more efficiently. However, the investigation of plant allelopathic interactions in rhizosphere is difficult to perform because of its high complexity due to interactions of biotic and abiotic factors. Thus, autonomous, aseptic root cultures of apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) could facilitate allelopathic studies. We report on the successful genetic transformation of apple cultivars Melrose, Golden Delicious, Čadel and Gloster using Agrobacterium rhizogenes (Riker et al. 1930) Conn 1942 strain 15834 and for the first time the establishment of apple autonomous and permanent in vitro hairy root cultures that could be used as a new tool for apple allelopathic assays. Molecular characterization of transgenic hairy root lines was conducted to elucidate the possible relationship between expression of T-DNA genes and root growth characteristics that include branching. Similar content of phenolic acids (chlorogenic, caffeic, syringic, p-coumaric and ferulic), glycosilated flavonoids (rutin, quercitrin, isoquercitrin, kaempferol-3-glucoside) and flavonoid aglycones (quercetin and naringenin), and dihydrochalcone phloridzin, was detected in untransformed and transgenic apple root tissue by ultra high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (UHPLC/(+/-)HESI-MS/MS) analyses, confirming that genetic transformation did not disturb secondary metabolite production in apple. Chlorogenic and caffeic acids and dihydrochalcones phloridzin and phloretin were detected as putative allelochemicals exuded into the growth medium in which transgenic roots were maintained for 4 weeks. Apple hairy root exudates significantly affected shoot and root development and growth of test plant Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. seedlings after 5 or 10 days of treatment. Additionally, core cell-cycle genes CDKA1;1, CDKB2;1, CYCA3;1 and CYCB2;4 were down regulated in Arabidopsis shoots suggesting, in part, their role in inhibition of shoot growth. The present work highlighted an autonomous and permanent in vitro hairy root culture system as a valuable tool for studying allelopathic potential of apple, offering new perspective for allelopathy background elucidation in this important fruit species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Stanišić
- Institute for Biological Research 'Siniša Stanković', University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Ćosić
- Institute for Biological Research 'Siniša Stanković', University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Savić
- Institute for Biological Research 'Siniša Stanković', University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dijana Krstić-Milošević
- Institute for Biological Research 'Siniša Stanković', University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Mišić
- Institute for Biological Research 'Siniša Stanković', University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ann Smigocki
- USDA-ARS, Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Slavica Ninković
- Institute for Biological Research 'Siniša Stanković', University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nevena Banjac
- Institute for Biological Research 'Siniša Stanković', University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, Belgrade, Serbia
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Bajwa AA, Zulfiqar U, Sadia S, Bhowmik P, Chauhan BS. A global perspective on the biology, impact and management of Chenopodium album and Chenopodium murale: two troublesome agricultural and environmental weeds. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:5357-5371. [PMID: 30623324 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-04104-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Chenopodium album and C. murale are cosmopolitan, annual weed species of notable economic importance. Their unique biological features, including high reproductive capacity, seed dormancy, high persistence in the soil seed bank, the ability to germinate and grow under a wide range of environmental conditions and abiotic stress tolerance, help these species to infest diverse cropping systems. C. album and C. murale grow tall and absorb nutrients very efficiently. Both these species are allelopathic in nature and, thus, suppress the germination and growth of native vegetation and/or crop plants. These weed species infest many agronomic and horticultural crops and may cause > 90% loss in crop yields. C. album is more problematic than C. murale as the former is more widespread and infests more number of crops, and it also acts as an alternate host of several crop pests. Different cultural and mechanical methods have been used to control these weed species with varying degrees of success depending upon the cropping systems and weed infestation levels. Similarly, allelopathy and biological control have also shown some potential, especially in controlling C. album. Several herbicides have been successfully used to control these species, but the evolution of wide-scale herbicide resistance in C. album has limited the efficacy of chemical control. However, the use of alternative herbicides in rotation and the integration of chemicals and biologically based control methods may provide a sustainable control of C. album and C. murale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ahsan Bajwa
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, 4343, Australia.
- The Centre for Crop Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, 4343, Australia.
| | - Usman Zulfiqar
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sehrish Sadia
- Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Prasanta Bhowmik
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Bhagirath Singh Chauhan
- The Centre for Crop Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, 4343, Australia
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Mitić N, Stanišić M, Savić J, Ćosić T, Stanisavljević N, Miljuš-Đukić J, Marin M, Radović S, Ninković S. Physiological and cell ultrastructure disturbances in wheat seedlings generated by Chenopodium murale hairy root exudate. PROTOPLASMA 2018; 255:1683-1692. [PMID: 29748859 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-018-1250-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Chenopodium murale L. is an invasive weed species significantly interfering with wheat crop. However, the complete nature of its allelopathic influence on crops is not yet fully understood. In the present study, the focus is made on establishing the relation between plant morphophysiological changes and oxidative stress, induced by allelopathic extract. Phytotoxic medium of C. murale hairy root clone R5 reduced the germination rate (24% less than control value) of wheat cv. Nataša seeds, as well as seedling growth, diminishing shoot and root length significantly, decreased total chlorophyll content, and induced abnormal root gravitropism. The R5 treatment caused cellular structural abnormalities, reflecting on the root and leaf cell shape and organization. These abnormalities mostly included the increased number of mitochondria and reorganization of the vacuolar compartment, changes in nucleus shape, and chloroplast organization and distribution. The most significant structural changes were observed in cell wall in the form of amoeboid protrusions and folds leading to its irregular shape. These structural alterations were accompanied by an oxidative stress in tissues of treated wheat seedlings, reflected as increased level of H2O2 and other ROS molecules, an increase of radical scavenging capacity and total phenolic content. Accordingly, the retardation of wheat seedling growth by C. murale allelochemicals may represent a consequence of complex activity involving both cell structure alteration and physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevena Mitić
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Boulevard 142, Belgrade, 11060, Serbia
| | - Mariana Stanišić
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Boulevard 142, Belgrade, 11060, Serbia
| | - Jelena Savić
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Boulevard 142, Belgrade, 11060, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Ćosić
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Boulevard 142, Belgrade, 11060, Serbia
| | - Nemanja Stanisavljević
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engeenering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Jovanka Miljuš-Đukić
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engeenering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Marija Marin
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Svetlana Radović
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Slavica Ninković
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Boulevard 142, Belgrade, 11060, Serbia.
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