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Kümpers BMC, Han J, Vaughan-Hirsch J, Redman N, Ware A, Atkinson JA, Leftley N, Janes G, Castiglione G, Tarr PT, Pyke K, Voß U, Wells DM, Bishopp A. Dual expression and anatomy lines allow simultaneous visualization of gene expression and anatomy. Plant Physiol 2022; 188:56-69. [PMID: 34718789 PMCID: PMC8774739 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Studying the developmental genetics of plant organs requires following gene expression in specific tissues. To facilitate this, we have developed dual expression anatomy lines, which incorporate a red plasma membrane marker alongside a fluorescent reporter for a gene of interest in the same vector. Here, we adapted the GreenGate cloning vectors to create two destination vectors showing strong marking of cell membranes in either the whole root or specifically in the lateral roots. This system can also be used in both embryos and whole seedlings. As proof of concept, we follow both gene expression and anatomy in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) during lateral root organogenesis for a period of over 24 h. Coupled with the development of a flow cell and perfusion system, we follow changes in activity of the DII auxin sensor following application of auxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta M C Kümpers
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Jingyi Han
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | | | - Nicholas Redman
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Alexander Ware
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | | | - Nicola Leftley
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - George Janes
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | | | - Paul T Tarr
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering 156-29, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Kevin Pyke
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Ute Voß
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Darren M Wells
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Anthony Bishopp
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
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2
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Baulies JL, Bresso EG, Goldy C, Palatnik JF, Schommer C. Potent inhibition of TCP transcription factors by miR319 ensures proper root growth in Arabidopsis. Plant Mol Biol 2022; 108:93-103. [PMID: 34982361 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-021-01227-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Proper root growth depends on the clearance of TCP transcripts from the root apical meristem by microRNA miR319. The evolutionarily conserved microRNA miR319 regulates genes encoding TCP transcription factors in angiosperms. The miR319-TCP module controls cell proliferation and differentiation in leaves and other aerial organs. The current model sustains that miR319 quantitatively tunes TCP activity during leaf growth and development, ultimately affecting its size. In this work we studied how this module participates in Arabidopsis root development. We found that misregulation of TCP activity through impairment of miR319 binding decreased root meristem size and root length. Cellular and molecular analyses revealed that high TCP activity affects cell number and cyclin expression but not mature cell length, indicating that, in roots, unchecking the expression of miR319-regulated TCPs significantly affects cell proliferation. Conversely, tcp multiple mutants showed no obvious effect on root growth, but strong defects in leaf morphogenesis. Therefore, in contrast to the quantitative regulation of the TCPs by miR319 in leaves, our data suggest that miR319 clears TCP transcripts from root cells. Hence, we provide new insights into the functions of the miR319-TCP regulatory system in Arabidopsis development, highlighting a different modus operandi for its action mechanism in roots and shoots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia L Baulies
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, Ocampo y Esmeralda s/n, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Edgardo G Bresso
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, Ocampo y Esmeralda s/n, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Camila Goldy
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, Ocampo y Esmeralda s/n, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Javier F Palatnik
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, Ocampo y Esmeralda s/n, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
- Centro de Estudios Interdisciplinarios (CEI), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Maipú 1065, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Carla Schommer
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, Ocampo y Esmeralda s/n, 2000, Rosario, Argentina.
- Centro de Estudios Interdisciplinarios (CEI), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Maipú 1065, 2000, Rosario, Argentina.
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3
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Kaiser S, Eisele S, Scheuring D. Vacuolar occupancy is crucial for cell elongation and growth regardless of the underlying mechanism. Plant Signal Behav 2021; 16:1922796. [PMID: 33938395 PMCID: PMC8244776 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2021.1922796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the physiological range, the phytohormone auxin inhibits the growth of underground tissues. In the roots of Arabidopsis thaliana, cell size inhibition has been shown to be accompanied by auxin-mediated reduction of vacuole size. A tonoplast-localized protein family (Networked 4) with actin-binding capacity was demonstrated to modulate the compactness of the vacuole. Overexpression of NET4A led to smaller, more spherical and compact vacuoles, which occupied less cellular space compared to wild type. This reduction of vacuolar occupancy is similar to the observed auxin-induced decrease in occupancy, albeit there are enormous morphological differences. Here, we show that a net4a net4b double mutant and a NET4A overexpressor line are still sensitive to auxin-induced vacuolar constrictions. However, the overexpressor showed a partial auxin resistance accompanied by more compact vacuoles, thereby indicating an additional regulatory mechanism. Furthermore, we show that other NET superfamily members do not compensate for the loss of NET4A and NET4B expression on the transcriptional level. This leads us to hypothesize that regulation of vacuole size is a general mechanism to regulate cell expansion and that other players besides NET4 must participate in regulating the vacuole-cytoskeleton interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Kaiser
- Plant Pathology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Sophie Eisele
- Plant Pathology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - David Scheuring
- Plant Pathology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
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4
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Zhang X, Cao H, Wang H, Zhang R, Jia H, Huang J, Zhao J, Yao J. Effects of graphene on morphology, microstructure and transcriptomic profiling of Pinus tabuliformis Carr. roots. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253812. [PMID: 34237067 PMCID: PMC8266090 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene has shown great potential for improving growth of many plants, but its effect on woody plants remains essentially unstudied. In this work, Pinus tabuliformis Carr. bare-rooted seedlings grown outdoors in pots were irrigated with a graphene solution over a concentration range of 0-50 mg/L for six months. Graphene was found to stimulate root growth, with a maximal effect at 25 mg/L. We then investigated root microstructure and carried out transcript profiling of root materials treated with 0 and 25 mg/L graphene. Graphene treatment resulted in plasma-wall separation and destruction of membrane integrity in root cells. More than 50 thousand of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained by RNA sequencing, among which 6477 could be annotated using other plant databases. The GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway analysis of the annotated DEGs indicated that abiotic stress responses, which resemble salt stress, were induced by graphene treatment in roots, while responses to biotic stimuli were inhibited. Numerous metabolic processes and hormone signal transduction pathways were altered by the treatment. The growth promotion effects of graphene may be mediated by encouraging proline synthesis, and suppression of the expression of the auxin response gene SMALL AUXIN UP-REGULATED RNA 41 (SAUR41), PYL genes which encode ABA receptors, and GSK3 homologs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of National Forest and Grass Administration for the Application of Graphene in Forestry, Institute of Carbon Materials Science, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, P.R. China
| | - Huifen Cao
- College of Life Science, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, Shanxi Province, PR China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of National Forest and Grass Administration for the Application of Graphene in Forestry, Institute of Carbon Materials Science, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, P.R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, P.R. China
| | - Runxuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of National Forest and Grass Administration for the Application of Graphene in Forestry, Institute of Carbon Materials Science, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, P.R. China
| | - Haikuan Jia
- National Fine Variety Base of Pinus sylvestris var. in Honghuaerji Forestry Bureau, Hulunbeir Inner Mongolia, PR China
| | - Jingting Huang
- Key Laboratory of National Forest and Grass Administration for the Application of Graphene in Forestry, Institute of Carbon Materials Science, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, P.R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, P.R. China
| | - Jianguo Zhao
- Key Laboratory of National Forest and Grass Administration for the Application of Graphene in Forestry, Institute of Carbon Materials Science, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, P.R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, P.R. China
| | - Jianzhong Yao
- Shanxi Poplar High-yield Forest Bureau, Datong, Shanxi Province, PR China
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Wiśniewska A, Wojszko K, Różańska E, Lenarczyk K, Kuczerski K, Sobczak M. Arabidopsis thaliana Myb59 Gene Is Involved in the Response to Heterodera schachtii Infestation, and Its Overexpression Disturbs Regular Development of Nematode-Induced Syncytia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126450. [PMID: 34208611 PMCID: PMC8235393 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors are proteins that directly bind to regulatory sequences of genes to modulate and adjust plants’ responses to different stimuli including biotic and abiotic stresses. Sedentary plant parasitic nematodes, such as beet cyst nematode, Heterodera schachtii, have developed molecular tools to reprogram plant cell metabolism via the sophisticated manipulation of genes expression, to allow root invasion and the induction of a sequence of structural and physiological changes in plant tissues, leading to the formation of permanent feeding sites composed of modified plant cells (commonly called a syncytium). Here, we report on the AtMYB59 gene encoding putative MYB transcription factor that is downregulated in syncytia, as confirmed by RT-PCR and a promoter pMyb59::GUS activity assays. The constitutive overexpression of AtMYB59 led to the reduction in A. thaliana susceptibility, as indicated by decreased numbers of developed females, and to the disturbed development of nematode-induced syncytia. In contrast, mutant lines with a silenced expression of AtMYB59 were more susceptible to this parasite. The involvement of ABA in the modulation of AtMYB59 gene transcription appears feasible by several ABA-responsive cis regulatory elements, which were identified in silico in the gene promoter sequence, and experimental assays showed the induction of AtMYB59 transcription after ABA treatment. Based on these results, we suggest that AtMYB59 plays an important role in the successful parasitism of H. schachtii on A. thaliana roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Wiśniewska
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (K.W.); (K.L.); (K.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-593-2533 or +48-22-593-2521; Fax: +48-22-593-2521
| | - Kamila Wojszko
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (K.W.); (K.L.); (K.K.)
| | - Elżbieta Różańska
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (E.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Klaudia Lenarczyk
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (K.W.); (K.L.); (K.K.)
| | - Karol Kuczerski
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (K.W.); (K.L.); (K.K.)
| | - Mirosław Sobczak
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (E.R.); (M.S.)
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6
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Sushkova S, Minkina T, Tarigholizadeh S, Rajput V, Fedorenko A, Antonenko E, Dudnikova T, Chernikova N, Yadav BK, Batukaev A. Soil PAHs contamination effect on the cellular and subcellular organelle changes of Phragmites australis Cav. Environ Geochem Health 2021; 43:2407-2421. [PMID: 33025349 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-020-00735-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations of ∑16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) for soils, roots, and above-ground parts of reed (Phragmites australis Cav.) were determined on different monitoring plots located near the city of Kamensk-Shakhtinsky, southern Russia, where historically received industrial sewage and sludge. The total PAHs concentration in monitoring soil plots was significantly higher than those in the background site which situated at the distance of 2 km from the contamination source. Accordingly, the maximum accumulation was found for phenanthrene and chrysene among the 16 priority PAHs in most of the plant samples collected in the impact zone. The effects of PAHs' pollution on changes of Phragmites australis Cav. cellular and subcellular organelles in the studied monitoring sites were also determined using optical and electron microscopy, respectively. The obtained data showed that increasing of PAHs contamination negatively affected the ultrastructural changes of the studied plants. Phragmites australis Cav. showed a high level of adaptation to the effect of stressors by using tissue and cell levels. In general, the detected alterations under the PAHs effect were possibly connected to changes in biochemical and histochemical parameters as a response for reactive oxygen species and as a protective response against oxidative stress. The obtained results introduce innovative findings of cellular and subcellular changes in plants exposed to ∑16 priority PAHs as very persistent and toxic contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Sushkova
- Southern Federal University, 194/1 Stachki Prospect, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation, 344090.
| | - Tatiana Minkina
- Southern Federal University, 194/1 Stachki Prospect, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation, 344090
| | | | - Vishnu Rajput
- Southern Federal University, 194/1 Stachki Prospect, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation, 344090
| | - Alexey Fedorenko
- Southern Federal University, 194/1 Stachki Prospect, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation, 344090
- Federal Research Center the Southern Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chehova st, Rostov-on-Don, Russia, 344006
| | - Elena Antonenko
- Southern Federal University, 194/1 Stachki Prospect, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation, 344090
| | - Tamara Dudnikova
- Southern Federal University, 194/1 Stachki Prospect, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation, 344090
| | - Natalia Chernikova
- Southern Federal University, 194/1 Stachki Prospect, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation, 344090
| | - Brijesh Kumar Yadav
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Haridwar Highway, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Abdulmalik Batukaev
- Chechen State University, 17 Blvd. Dudaeva, Grozny, Russian Federation, 366007
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7
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Ding T, Zhang F, Wang J, Wang F, Liu J, Xie C, Hu Y, Shani E, Kong X, Ding Z, Tian H. Cell-type action specificity of auxin on Arabidopsis root growth. Plant J 2021; 106:928-941. [PMID: 33609310 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The plant hormone auxin plays a critical role in root growth and development; however, the contributions or specific roles of cell-type auxin signals in root growth and development are not well understood. Here, we mapped tissue and cell types that are important for auxin-mediated root growth and development by manipulating the local response and synthesis of auxin. Repressing auxin signaling in the epidermis, cortex, endodermis, pericycle or stele strongly inhibited root growth, with the largest effect observed in the endodermis. Enhancing auxin signaling in the epidermis, cortex, endodermis, pericycle or stele also caused reduced root growth, albeit to a lesser extent. Moreover, we established that root growth was inhibited by enhancement of auxin synthesis in specific cell types of the epidermis, cortex and endodermis, whereas increased auxin synthesis in the pericycle and stele had only minor effects on root growth. Our study thus establishes an association between cellular identity and cell type-specific auxin signaling that guides root growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Ding
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Junxia Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Fengxia Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jiajia Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Chuantian Xie
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yangjie Hu
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Eilon Shani
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Xiangpei Kong
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Zhaojun Ding
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Huiyu Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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Masumoto N, Suzuki Y, Cui S, Wakazaki M, Sato M, Kumaishi K, Shibata A, Furuta KM, Ichihashi Y, Shirasu K, Toyooka K, Sato Y, Yoshida S. Three-dimensional reconstructions of haustoria in two parasitic plant species in the Orobanchaceae. Plant Physiol 2021; 185:1429-1442. [PMID: 33793920 PMCID: PMC8133657 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Parasitic plants infect other plants by forming haustoria, specialized multicellular organs consisting of several cell types, each of which has unique morphological features and physiological roles associated with parasitism. Understanding the spatial organization of cell types is, therefore, of great importance in elucidating the functions of haustoria. Here, we report a three-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction of haustoria from two Orobanchaceae species, the obligate parasite Striga hermonthica infecting rice (Oryza sativa) and the facultative parasite Phtheirospermum japonicum infecting Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). In addition, field-emission scanning electron microscopy observation revealed the presence of various cell types in haustoria. Our images reveal the spatial arrangements of multiple cell types inside haustoria and their interaction with host roots. The 3-D internal structures of haustoria highlight differences between the two parasites, particularly at the xylem connection site with the host. Our study provides cellular and structural insights into haustoria of S. hermonthica and P. japonicum and lays the foundation for understanding haustorium function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsumi Masumoto
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Yuki Suzuki
- Division of Information Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
- Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Present address: Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Songkui Cui
- Division for Research Strategy, Institute for Research Initiatives, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Mayumi Wakazaki
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Mayuko Sato
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kie Kumaishi
- RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Ibaraki, 305-0074, Japan
| | - Arisa Shibata
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kaori M Furuta
- Division for Research Strategy, Institute for Research Initiatives, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | | | - Ken Shirasu
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kiminori Toyooka
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Sato
- Division of Information Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Satoko Yoshida
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
- Division for Research Strategy, Institute for Research Initiatives, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
- Author for communication:
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9
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Kaur G, Vikal Y, Kaur L, Kalia A, Mittal A, Kaur D, Yadav I. Elucidating the morpho-physiological adaptations and molecular responses under long-term waterlogging stress in maize through gene expression analysis. Plant Sci 2021; 304:110823. [PMID: 33568312 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Waterlogging stress in maize is one of the emerging abiotic stresses in the current climate change scenario. To gain insights in transcriptional reprogramming during late hours of waterlogging stress under field conditions, we aimed to elucidate the transcriptional and anatomical changes in two contrasting maize inbreds viz. I110 (susceptible) and I172 (tolerant). Waterlogging stress reduced dry matter translocations from leaves and stems to ears, resulting in a lack of sink capacity and inadequate grain filling in I110, thus decreased the grain yield drastically. The development of aerenchyma cells within 48 h in I172 enabled hypoxia tolerance. The upregulation of alanine aminotransferase, ubiquitin activating enzyme E1, putative mitogen activated protein kinase and pyruvate kinase in I172 suggested that genes involved in protein degradation, signal transduction and carbon metabolism provided adaptive mechanisms during waterlogging. Overexpression of alcohol dehydrogenase, sucrose synthase, aspartate aminotransferase, NADP dependent malic enzyme and many miRNA targets in I110 indicated that more oxygen and energy consumption might have shortened plant survival during long-term waterlogging exposure. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of transcript profiling at late stage (24-96 h) of waterlogging stress under field conditions and provides new visions to understand the molecular basis of waterlogging tolerance in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurwinder Kaur
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Yogesh Vikal
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India.
| | - Loveleen Kaur
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Anu Kalia
- Department of Nanoscience, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Amandeep Mittal
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Dasmeet Kaur
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Inderjit Yadav
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
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10
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Schneider HM, Strock CF, Hanlon MT, Vanhees DJ, Perkins AC, Ajmera IB, Sidhu JS, Mooney SJ, Brown KM, Lynch JP. Multiseriate cortical sclerenchyma enhance root penetration in compacted soils. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2012087118. [PMID: 33536333 PMCID: PMC8017984 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2012087118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical impedance limits soil exploration and resource capture by plant roots. We examine the role of root anatomy in regulating plant adaptation to mechanical impedance and identify a root anatomical phene in maize (Zea mays) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) associated with penetration of hard soil: Multiseriate cortical sclerenchyma (MCS). We characterize this trait and evaluate the utility of MCS for root penetration in compacted soils. Roots with MCS had a greater cell wall-to-lumen ratio and a distinct UV emission spectrum in outer cortical cells. Genome-wide association mapping revealed that MCS is heritable and genetically controlled. We identified a candidate gene associated with MCS. Across all root classes and nodal positions, maize genotypes with MCS had 13% greater root lignin concentration compared to genotypes without MCS. Genotypes without MCS formed MCS upon exogenous ethylene exposure. Genotypes with MCS had greater lignin concentration and bending strength at the root tip. In controlled environments, MCS in maize and wheat was associated improved root tensile strength and increased penetration ability in compacted soils. Maize genotypes with MCS had root systems with 22% greater depth and 49% greater shoot biomass in compacted soils in the field compared to lines without MCS. Of the lines we assessed, MCS was present in 30 to 50% of modern maize, wheat, and barley cultivars but was absent in teosinte and wild and landrace accessions of wheat and barley. MCS merits investigation as a trait for improving plant performance in maize, wheat, and other grasses under edaphic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M Schneider
- Department of Plant Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Christopher F Strock
- Department of Plant Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Meredith T Hanlon
- Department of Plant Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Dorien J Vanhees
- Division of Agricultural and Environment Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie DD2 5DA, United Kingdom
| | - Alden C Perkins
- Department of Plant Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Ishan B Ajmera
- Department of Plant Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Jagdeep Singh Sidhu
- Department of Plant Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Sacha J Mooney
- Division of Agricultural and Environment Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Kathleen M Brown
- Department of Plant Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Jonathan P Lynch
- Department of Plant Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802;
- Division of Agricultural and Environment Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
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11
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Levin KA, Tucker MR, Strock CF, Lynch JP, Mather DE. Three-dimensional imaging reveals that positions of cyst nematode feeding sites relative to xylem vessels differ between susceptible and resistant wheat. Plant Cell Rep 2021; 40:393-403. [PMID: 33388893 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02641-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Resistance conferred by the Cre8 locus of wheat prevents cereal cyst nematode feeding sites from reaching and invading root metaxylem vessels. Cyst nematodes develop syncytial feeding sites within plant roots. The success of these sites is affected by host plant resistance. In wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), 'Cre' loci affect resistance against the cereal cyst nematode (CCN) Heterodera avenae. To investigate how one of these loci (Cre8, on chromosome 6B) confers resistance, CCN-infected root tissue from susceptible (-Cre8) and resistant (+Cre8) wheat plants was examined using confocal microscopy and laser ablation tomography. Confocal analysis of transverse sections showed that feeding sites in the roots of -Cre8 plants were always adjacent to metaxylem vessels, contained many intricate 'web-like' cell walls, and sometimes 'invaded' metaxylem vessels. In contrast, feeding sites in the roots of +Cre8 plants were usually not directly adjacent to metaxylem vessels, had few inner cell walls and did not 'invade' metaxylem vessels. Models based on data from laser ablation tomography confirmed these observations. Confocal analysis of longitudinal sections revealed that CCN-induced xylem modification that had previously been reported for susceptible (-Cre8) wheat plants is less extreme in resistant (+Cre8) plants. Application of a lignin-specific stain revealed that secondary thickening around xylem vessels in CCN-infected roots was greater in +Cre8 plants than in -Cre8 plants. Collectively, these results indicate that Cre8 resistance in wheat acts by preventing cyst nematode feeding sites from reaching and invading root metaxylem vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara A Levin
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Matthew R Tucker
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Christopher F Strock
- Department of Plant Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan P Lynch
- Department of Plant Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Diane E Mather
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
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12
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Roy S, Bhattacharya B, Bal B, Ghosh K. A microscopic study on scattering in tissue section of Alternanthera philoxeroides under polarized light. J Biosci 2021; 46:51. [PMID: 34148874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Like any other biological tissue, plant tissue also exhibits optical properties like refraction, transmission, absorption, coloration, scattering and so on. Several studies have been conducted using different parts of plants such as leaves, seedlings, roots, stems and so on, and their optical properties have been analyzed to study plant physiology, influence of environmental cues on plant metabolism, light propagation through plant parts and the like. Thus, it is essential to study in detail the optical properties of several plant parts to determine their structural relationship. In this backdrop, an experimental study was conducted to observe and analyze the optical properties of node and inter-nodal tissue cross-sections of the plant Alternanthera philoxeroides under a polarizing microscope constructed and standardized in the laboratory. The observed optical properties of the microscopic tissue sections have been then studied to determine a significant structural relationship between nodal and inter-nodal tissue arrangement patterns as a whole. Tissue sections that have undergone a sort of biological perturbation like loss of water (dried in air for 15 min) have also been studied to study the change in the pattern of tissue optical property when compared with that of normal plant-tissue cross-sections under a polarizing microscope. This type of biological perturbation was chosen for the study because water plays an important role in maintenance of the normal physiological processes in plants and most other forms of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibsankar Roy
- Laboratory for Cognitive Systems and Cybernetics Research, Center for Soft Computing Research, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata 700 108, India
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13
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Yang L, Chen Y, Shi L, Yu J, Yao J, Sun J, Zhao L, Sun J. Enhanced Cd accumulation by Graphene oxide (GO) under Cd stress in duckweed. Aquat Toxicol 2020; 229:105579. [PMID: 33075615 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Effective phytoremediation by aquatic plant such as duckweed could be applied to solve Cd pollution. In the present study, the impact of Graphene oxide (GO) on the accumulation of Cd in duckweed has been studied. The response of duckweed was also investigated, concluding growth, Cd2+ flux, and gene expression response. Results showed that GO promoted the accumulation of Cd in duckweed. After 6 h of Cd enrichment in duckweed, Cd content was about 1.4 times that of the control group at fronds and 1.25 times that of the control group at roots, meanwhile, Cd content in the water system was 0.67 times that of the control group. The Cd2+ influx increased significantly. 4471 genes were up-regulated and 3230 genes were down-regulated significantly as duckweed treated with GO under Cd treatment. Moreover, phagosome pathway was downregulated, some key proteins: Stx7, Rab7 and Tubastatin B (TUBB) were significantly downregulated with GO addition under Cd stress. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation showed that GO and Cd were attached on the cell surface of duckweed as white crystal. GO could be applied in phytoremediation by duckweed of Cd in aquatic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, 300387, Tianjin, China.
| | - Yikai Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, 300387, Tianjin, China
| | - Leqian Shi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, 300387, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, 300387, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Yao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, 300387, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinge Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, 300387, Tianjin, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinsheng Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, 300387, Tianjin, China.
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14
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Sharma S, Muddassir M, Muthusamy S, Vaishnav PK, Singh M, Sharma D, Kanagarajan S, Shanmugam V. A non-classical route of efficient plant uptake verified with fluorescent nanoparticles and root adhesion forces investigated using AFM. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19233. [PMID: 33159139 PMCID: PMC7648022 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75685-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical plant uptake is limited to hydrophilic or water-dispersible material. Therefore, in order to test the uptake behaviour of hydrophobic particles, here, we tested the fate of hydrophobic particles (oleylamine coated Cu2-xSe NPs (CS@OA)) in comparison to hydrophilic particles (chitosan-coated Cu2-xSe NPs (CS@CH)) by treatment on the plant roots. Surprisingly, hydrophobic CS@OA NPs have been found to be ~ 1.3 times more efficient than hydrophilic CS@CH NPs in tomato plant root penetration. An atomic force microscopy (AFM) adhesion force experiment confirms that hydrophobic NPs experience non-spontaneous yet energetically favorable root trapping and penetration. Further, a relative difference in the hydrophobic vs. hydrophilic NPs movement from roots to shoots has been observed and found related to the change in protein corona as identified by two dimensional-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) analysis. Finally, the toxicity assays at the give concentration showed that Cu2-xSe NPs lead to non-significant toxicity as compared to control. This technology may find an advantage in fertilizer application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Sharma
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Habitat Centre, Phase- 10, Sector- 64, Mohali, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Mohd Muddassir
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | | | | | - Manish Singh
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Habitat Centre, Phase- 10, Sector- 64, Mohali, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Deepak Sharma
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Selvaraju Kanagarajan
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden.
| | - Vijayakumar Shanmugam
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Habitat Centre, Phase- 10, Sector- 64, Mohali, Punjab, 160062, India.
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15
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Basińska-Barczak A, Błaszczyk L, Szentner K. Plant Cell Wall Changes in Common Wheat Roots as a Result of Their Interaction with Beneficial Fungi of Trichoderma. Cells 2020; 9:E2319. [PMID: 33086614 PMCID: PMC7603241 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant cell walls play an important role in shaping the defense strategies of plants. This research demonstrates the influence of two differentiators: the lifestyle and properties of the Trichoderma species on cell wall changes in common wheat seedlings. The methodologies used in this investigation include microscopy observations and immunodetection. In this study was shown that the plant cell wall was altered due to its interaction with Trichoderma. The accumulation of lignins and reorganization of pectin were observed. The immunocytochemistry indicated that low methyl-esterified pectins appeared in intercellular spaces. Moreover, it was found that the arabinogalactan protein epitope JIM14 can play a role in the interaction of wheat roots with both the tested Trichoderma strains. Nevertheless, we postulate that modifications, such as the appearance of lignins, rearrangement of low methyl-esterified pectins, and arabinogalactan proteins due to the interaction with Trichoderma show that tested strains can be potentially used in wheat seedlings protection to pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Basińska-Barczak
- Department of Pathogen Genetics and Plant Resistance, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-625 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Lidia Błaszczyk
- Department of Pathogen Genetics and Plant Resistance, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-625 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Kinga Szentner
- Department of Chemistry, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 75, 60-625 Poznan, Poland;
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16
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Malangisha GK, Yang Y, Moustafa-Farag M, Fu Q, Shao W, Wang J, Shen L, Huai Y, Lv X, Shi P, Ali A, Lin Y, Khan J, Ren Y, Yang J, Hu Z, Zhang M. Subcellular distribution of aluminum associated with differential cell ultra-structure, mineral uptake, and antioxidant enzymes in root of two different Al +3-resistance watermelon cultivars. Plant Physiol Biochem 2020; 155:613-625. [PMID: 32853854 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Crop plants, such as watermelon, suffer from severe Aluminum (Al3+)-toxicity in acidic soils with their primary root elongation being first arrested. However, the significance of apoplastic or symplastic Al3+-toxicity in watermelon root is scarcely reported. In this work, we identified a medium fruit type (ZJ) and a small fruit type (NBT) as Al+3-tolerant and sensitive based on their differential primary root elongation rate respectively, and used them to show the effects of symplastic besides apoplastic Al distribution in the watermelon's root. Although the Al content was higher in the root of NBT than ZJ, Al+3 allocated in their apoplast, vacuole and plastid fractions were not significantly different between the two cultivars. Thus, only a few proportion of Al+3 differentially distributed in the nucleus and mitochondria corresponded to interesting differential morphological and physiological disorders recorded in the root under Al+3-stress. The symplastic amount of Al+3 substantially induced the energy efficient catalase pathway in ZJ, and the energy consuming ascorbate peroxidase pathway in NBT. These findings coincided with obvious starch granule visibility in the root ultra-structure of ZJ than NBT, suggesting a differential energy was used in supporting the root elongation and nutrient uptake for Al+3-tolerance in the two cultivars. This work provides clues that could be further investigated in the identification of genetic components and molecular mechanisms associated with Al+3-tolerance in watermelon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Kateta Malangisha
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China; Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université de Lubumbashi, /UNILU, Lubumbashi, 1825, RD Congo
| | - Yubin Yang
- Agriculture, Rural area and water conservancy bureau of Wenling, Wenling, 317500, PR China
| | - Mohamed Moustafa-Farag
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China; Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Qiang Fu
- School of Continuing Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Weiqiang Shao
- Zhejiang Wuwangnong agricultural seed industry science Research institute, Hangzhou, 310000, PR China
| | - Jianke Wang
- Zhejiang Wuwangnong agricultural seed industry science Research institute, Hangzhou, 310000, PR China
| | - Li Shen
- Zhejiang Wuwangnong agricultural seed industry science Research institute, Hangzhou, 310000, PR China
| | - Yan Huai
- Zhejiang Agricultural Technology Extension Center, 310020, PR China
| | - Xiaolong Lv
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Pibiao Shi
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Abid Ali
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Yi Lin
- Agriculture, Rural area and water conservancy bureau of Wenling, Wenling, 317500, PR China
| | - Jehanzeb Khan
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Yongyuan Ren
- Zhejiang Wuwangnong agricultural seed industry science Research institute, Hangzhou, 310000, PR China
| | - Jinghua Yang
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Zhongyuan Hu
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
| | - Mingfang Zhang
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
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17
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Paterlini A, Belevich I, Jokitalo E, Helariutta Y. Computational Tools for Serial Block Electron Microscopy Reveal Plasmodesmata Distributions and Wall Environments. Plant Physiol 2020; 184:53-64. [PMID: 32719057 PMCID: PMC7479905 DOI: 10.1104/pp.20.00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Plasmodesmata are small channels that connect plant cells. While recent technological advances have facilitated analysis of the ultrastructure of these channels, there are limitations to efficiently addressing their presence over an entire cellular interface. Here, we highlight the value of serial block electron microscopy for this purpose. We developed a computational pipeline to study plasmodesmata distributions and detect the presence/absence of plasmodesmata clusters, or pit fields, at the phloem unloading interfaces of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) roots. Pit fields were visualized and quantified. As the wall environment of plasmodesmata is highly specialized, we also designed a tool to extract the thickness of the extracellular matrix at and outside of plasmodesmata positions. We detected and quantified clear wall thinning around plasmodesmata with differences between genotypes, including the recently published plm-2 sphingolipid mutant. Our tools open avenues for quantitative approaches in the analysis of symplastic trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Paterlini
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1LR United Kingdom
| | - Ilya Belevich
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eija Jokitalo
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yrjö Helariutta
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1LR United Kingdom
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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18
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Sun L, Zhang M, Liu X, Mao Q, Shi C, Kochian LV, Liao H. Aluminium is essential for root growth and development of tea plants (Camellia sinensis). J Integr Plant Biol 2020; 62:984-997. [PMID: 32320136 PMCID: PMC7383589 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
On acid soils, the trivalent aluminium ion (Al3+ ) predominates and is very rhizotoxic to most plant species. For some native plant species adapted to acid soils including tea (Camellia sinensis), Al3+ has been regarded as a beneficial mineral element. In this study, we discovered that Al3+ is actually essential for tea root growth and development in all the tested varieties. Aluminum ion promoted new root growth in five representative tea varieties with dose-dependent responses to Al3+ availability. In the absence of Al3+ , the tea plants failed to generate new roots, and the root tips were damaged within 1 d of Al deprivation. Structural analysis of root tips demonstrated that Al was required for root meristem development and activity. In situ morin staining of Al3+ in roots revealed that Al mainly localized to nuclei in root meristem cells, but then gradually moved to the cytosol when Al3+ was subsequently withdrawn. This movement of Al3+ from nuclei to cytosols was accompanied by exacerbated DNA damage, which suggests that the nuclear-targeted Al primarily acts to maintain DNA integrity. Taken together, these results provide novel evidence that Al3+ is essential for root growth in tea plants through maintenance of DNA integrity in meristematic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Sun
- Root Biology Center, College of Resources and EnvironmentFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou350002China
| | - Mengshi Zhang
- Root Biology Center, College of Resources and EnvironmentFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou350002China
| | - Xiaomei Liu
- Root Biology Center, College of Resources and EnvironmentFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou350002China
| | - Qianzhuo Mao
- Vector‐Borne Virus Research CenterFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou350002China
| | - Chen Shi
- Root Biology Center, College of Resources and EnvironmentFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou350002China
| | - Leon V. Kochian
- Global Institute for Food SecurityUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonS7N 4J8Canada
| | - Hong Liao
- Root Biology Center, College of Resources and EnvironmentFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou350002China
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19
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Xue W, Jiang Y, Shang X, Zou J. Characterisation of early responses in lead accumulation and localization of Salix babylonica L. roots. BMC Plant Biol 2020; 20:296. [PMID: 32600254 PMCID: PMC7325040 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02500-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lead (Pb) is a harmful pollutant that disrupts normal functions from the cell to organ levels. Salix babylonica is characterized by high biomass productivity, high transpiration rates, and species specific Pb. Better understanding the accumulating and transporting Pb capability in shoots and roots of S. babylonica, the toxic effects of Pb and the subcellular distribution of Pb is very important. RESULTS Pb exerted inhibitory effects on the roots and shoots growth at all Pb concentrations. According to the results utilizing inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), S. babylonica can be considered as a plant with great phytoextraction potentials as translocation factor (TF) value > 1 is observed in all treatment groups throughout the experiment. The Leadmium™ Green AM dye test results indicated that Pb ions initially entered elongation zone cells and accumulated in this area. Then, ions were gradually accumulated in the meristem zone. After 24 h of Pb exposure, Pb accumulated in the meristem zone. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray analyses (EDXA) results confirmed the fluorescent probe observations and indicated that Pb was localized to the cell wall and cytoplasm. In transverse sections of the mature zone, Pb levels in the cell wall and cytoplasm of epidermal cells was the lowest compared to cortical and vessel cells, and an increasing trend in Pb content was detected in cortical cells from the epidermis to vascular cylinder. Similar results were shown in the Pb content in the cell wall and cytoplasm of the transverse sections of the meristem. Cell damage in the roots exposed to Pb was detected by propidium iodide (PI) staining, which was in agreement with the findings of Pb absorption in different zones of S. babylonica roots under Pb stress. CONCLUSION S. babylonica L. is observed as a plant with great potential of Pb-accumulation and Pb-tolerance. The information obtained here of Pb accumulation and localization in S. babylonica roots can furthers our understanding of Pb-induced toxicity and its tolerance mechanisms, which will provide valuable and scientific information to phytoremediation investigations of other woody plants under Pb stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiu Xue
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387 China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387 China
| | - Xiaoshuo Shang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387 China
| | - Jinhua Zou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387 China
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20
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Kankanala P, Jones P, Nandety RS, Jacobson DA, Mysore KS. Plasticity of Phymatotrichopsis omnivora infection strategies is dependent on host and nonhost plant responses. Plant Cell Environ 2020; 43:1084-1101. [PMID: 31930733 PMCID: PMC7154777 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Necrotrophic fungi constitute the largest group of plant fungal pathogens that cause heavy crop losses worldwide. Phymatotrichopsis omnivora is a broad host, soil-borne necrotrophic fungal pathogen that infects over 2,000 dicotyledonous plants. The molecular basis of such broad host range is unknown. We conducted cell biology and transcriptomic studies in Medicago truncatula (susceptible), Brachypodium distachyon (resistant/nonhost), and Arabidopsis thaliana (partially resistant) to understand P. omnivora virulence mechanisms. We performed defence gene analysis, gene enrichments, and correlational network studies during key infection stages. We identified that P. omnivora infects the susceptible plant as a traditional necrotroph. However, it infects the partially resistant plant as a hemi-biotroph triggering salicylic acid-mediated defence pathways in the plant. Further, the infection strategy in partially resistant plants is determined by the host responses during early infection stages. Mutant analyses in A. thaliana established the role of small peptides PEP1 and PEP2 in defence against P. omnivora. The resistant/nonhost B. distachyon triggered stress responses involving sugars and aromatic acids. Bdwat1 mutant analysis identified the role of cell walls in defence. This is the first report that describes the plasticity in infection strategies of P. omnivora providing insights into broad host range.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Piet Jones
- Biosciences DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTennessee
- Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary StudiesUniversity of Tennessee KnoxvilleKnoxvilleTennessee
| | | | - Daniel A. Jacobson
- Biosciences DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTennessee
- Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary StudiesUniversity of Tennessee KnoxvilleKnoxvilleTennessee
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21
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Xu X, Chen Q, Mo S, Qian Y, Wu X, Jin Y, Ding H. Transcriptome -wide modulation combined with morpho-physiological analyses of Typha orientalis roots in response to lead challenge. J Hazard Mater 2020; 384:121405. [PMID: 31629596 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is a common pollutant in many environments, including in the soil, water, and/or air. Typha orientalis Presl, a large emergent aquatic plant, has been reported to function as a Pb-tolerant and Pb-accumulating plant; however, very little molecular information regarding the tolerance of T. orientalis towards Pb is known. In this study, Pb accumulation and key factors involved in the Pb stress response at different Pb concentrations were investigated. Pb was primarily accumulated in the roots and was mainly located in the cell wall and membrane systems. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in T. orientalis roots after Pb exposure via RNA-seq analyses. In the 0.10 mM and 0.25 mM Pb2+-treated groups, a total of 3275 DEGs were detected relative to the control. Many of these genes were associated with oxidation-reduction processes, metal transport, protein kinase/phosphorylation, and DNA binding transcription factors, which were shown to be Pb-responsive DEGs. Mapping Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database, "phenylpropanoid biosynthesis" was analyzed as the major pathway of the important modules of overlapping DEGs of 0.10 mM and 0.25 mM Pb2+ treatments. Furthermore, a lead response gene named ToLR1 with unknown function was of particular interest. The full-length of ToLR1 sequence was cloned using rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) and overexpressed in Arabidopsis thaliana, which resulted in enhanced resistance to Pb stress. This is the first report providing genomic information detailing Pb responsive genes in T. orientalis. Moreover, this study provides novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the response of T. orientalis and other accumulators towards Pb stress. The key genes identified in this study may serve as potential targets for genetic engineering targeting phytoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Xu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Shuangrong Mo
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Ying Qian
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiaoxia Wu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yingen Jin
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Haidong Ding
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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22
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Rahman G, Sohag H, Chowdhury R, Wahid KA, Dinh A, Arcand M, Vail S. SoilCam: A Fully Automated Minirhizotron using Multispectral Imaging for Root Activity Monitoring. Sensors (Basel) 2020; 20:E787. [PMID: 32023975 PMCID: PMC7038518 DOI: 10.3390/s20030787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A minirhizotron is an in situ root imaging system that captures components of root system architecture dynamics over time. Commercial minirhizotrons are expensive, limited to white-light imaging, and often need human intervention. The implementation of a minirhizotron needs to be low cost, automated, and customizable to be effective and widely adopted. We present a newly designed root imaging system called SoilCam that addresses the above mentioned limitations. The imaging system is multi-modal, i.e., it supports both conventional white-light and multispectral imaging, with fully automated operations for long-term in-situ monitoring using wireless control and access. The system is capable of taking 360° images covering the entire area surrounding the tube. The image sensor can be customized depending on the spectral imaging requirements. The maximum achievable image quality of the system is 8 MP (Mega Pixel)/picture, which is equivalent to a 2500 DPI (dots per inch) image resolution. The length of time in the field can be extended with a rechargeable battery and solar panel connectivity. Offline image-processing software, with several image enhancement algorithms to eliminate motion blur and geometric distortion and to reconstruct the 360° panoramic view, is also presented. The system is tested in the field by imaging canola roots to show the performance advantages over commercial systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gazi Rahman
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, SK, S7N 5A9, Canada; (H.S.); (R.C.); (K.A.W.); (A.D.)
| | - Hanif Sohag
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, SK, S7N 5A9, Canada; (H.S.); (R.C.); (K.A.W.); (A.D.)
| | - Rakibul Chowdhury
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, SK, S7N 5A9, Canada; (H.S.); (R.C.); (K.A.W.); (A.D.)
| | - Khan A. Wahid
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, SK, S7N 5A9, Canada; (H.S.); (R.C.); (K.A.W.); (A.D.)
| | - Anh Dinh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, SK, S7N 5A9, Canada; (H.S.); (R.C.); (K.A.W.); (A.D.)
| | - Melissa Arcand
- Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan, SK, S7N 5A8, Canada;
| | - Sally Vail
- Research Scientist, Saskatoon Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, SK S7N 0X2, Canada;
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Chen X, Yin Z, Yin Y, Xu C, Wang W, Liu Y, Li T. Effects of Elevated Root-Zone CO 2 on Root Morphology and Nitrogen Metabolism Revealed by Physiological and Transcriptome Analysis in Oriental Melon Seedling Roots. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E803. [PMID: 31991847 PMCID: PMC7037942 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhizosphere CO2 is vital for crop growth, development, and productivity. However, the mechanisms of plants' responses to root-zone CO2 are unclear. Oriental melons are sensitive to root-zone gas, often encountering high root-zone CO2 during cultivation. We investigated root growth and nitrogen metabolism in oriental melons under T1 (0.5%) and T2 (1.0%) root-zone CO2 concentrations using physiology and comparative transcriptome analysis. T1 and T2 increased root vigor and the nitrogen content in the short term. With increased treatment time and CO2 concentration, root inhibition increased, characterized by decreased root absorption, incomplete root cell structure, accelerated starch accumulation and hydrolysis, and cell aging. We identified 1280 and 1042 differentially expressed genes from T1 and T2, respectively, compared with 0.037% CO2-grown plants. Among them, 683 co-expressed genes are involved in stress resistance and nitrogen metabolism (enhanced phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, hormone signal transduction, glutathione metabolism, and starch and sucrose metabolism). Nitrogen metabolism gene expression, enzyme activity, and nitrogen content analyses showed that short-term elevated root-zone CO2 mainly regulated plant nitrogen metabolism post-transcriptionally, and directly inhibited it transcriptionally in the long term. These findings provided a basis for further investigation of nitrogen regulation by candidate genes in oriental melons under elevated root-zone CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Chen
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (X.C.); (Z.Y.); (Y.Y.); (C.X.); (W.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Zepeng Yin
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (X.C.); (Z.Y.); (Y.Y.); (C.X.); (W.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yang Yin
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (X.C.); (Z.Y.); (Y.Y.); (C.X.); (W.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Chuanqiang Xu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (X.C.); (Z.Y.); (Y.Y.); (C.X.); (W.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Wanxin Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (X.C.); (Z.Y.); (Y.Y.); (C.X.); (W.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yiling Liu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (X.C.); (Z.Y.); (Y.Y.); (C.X.); (W.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Tianlai Li
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (X.C.); (Z.Y.); (Y.Y.); (C.X.); (W.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology, Shenyang 110866, China
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Minkina T, Rajput V, Fedorenko G, Fedorenko A, Mandzhieva S, Sushkova S, Morin T, Yao J. Anatomical and ultrastructural responses of Hordeum sativum to the soil spiked by copper. Environ Geochem Health 2020; 42:45-58. [PMID: 30874936 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-019-00269-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Effects of Cu toxicity from contaminated soil were analysed in spring barley (Hordeum sativum distichum), a widely cultivated species in South Russia. In this study, H. sativum was planted outdoors in one of the most fertile soils-Haplic Chernozem spiked with high concentration of Cu and examined between the boot and head emergence phase of growth. Copper toxicity was observed to cause slow ontogenetic development of plants, changing their morphometric parameters (shape, size, colour). To the best of our knowledge, the ultrastructural changes in roots, stems and leaves of H. sativum induced by excess Cu were fully characterized for the first time using transmission electron microscopy. The plant roots were the most effected, showing degradation of the epidermis, reduced number of parenchyma cells, as well as a significant decrease in the diameter of the stele and a disruption and modification to its cell structure. The comparative analysis of the ultrastructure of control plants and plants exposed to the toxic effects of Cu has made it possible to reveal significant disruption of the integrity of the cell wall and cytoplasmic membranes in the root with deposition of electron-dense material. The changes in the ultrastructure of the main cytoplasmic organelles-endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, chloroplasts and peroxisomes-in the stem and leaves were found. The cellular Cu deposition, anatomical and ultrastructural modifications could mainly account for the primary impact points of metal toxicity. Therefore, this work extends the available knowledge of the mechanisms of the Cu effect tolerance of barley.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vishnu Rajput
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia, 344090.
| | - Grigory Fedorenko
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia, 344090
- Southern Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Rostov-on-Don, Russia, 344006
| | - Alexey Fedorenko
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia, 344090
- Southern Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Rostov-on-Don, Russia, 344006
| | | | | | - Tatiana Morin
- Environmental Sciences Analytical Center, Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, NY, 11210, USA
| | - Jun Yao
- China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China
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25
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Abstract
The plant trans-Golgi network (TGN) is a multifunctional organelle derived from the Golgi. It consists of tubulovesicular compartments scattered in the cytosol. They produce secretory vesicles delivering proteins and polysaccharides to the cell wall. They also serve as early endosomal compartments, receiving endocytic cargos from the plasma membrane. This versatility is thought to originate from functional variations among individual TGN compartments. Correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM) combines the imaging capability of light microscopy and electron microscopy (EM) to determine the location of macromolecules in EM images in the cellular context. It is possible to identify organelles associated with specific fluorescent markers and examine their membrane architectures at nanometer-level resolutions using CLEM. In this chapter, we will explain the CLEM method that our lab uses to investigate functional and structural heterogeneity among individual TGN compartments in plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Wang
- Center for Cell and Developmental Biology, State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Byung-Ho Kang
- Center for Cell and Developmental Biology, State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
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26
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Abstract
Development and growth of plant organs is determined by a myriad of molecular processes that occur in each individual cell. As a direct consequence of these processes, cells alter in size and shape. They therefore serve as excellent parameters to thoroughly understand gene function. However, conventional single-plane analyses fail to accurately capture cell metrics. Here, we present a comprehensive illustrated guide that demonstrates how SCRI Renaissance 2200 staining of Arabidopsis thaliana embryos and roots can be combined with the open-source application MorphoGraphX to quantify cell parameters in 3D. We compare this staining method with other common staining techniques and provide examples of embryo and root tissue segmentation. With our novel approach, subtle single-cell phenotypes can be identified in their native context, providing new possibilities to dissect gene networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merijn Kerstens
- Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Soeren Strauss
- Department of Comparative Development and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Richard Smith
- Department of Comparative Development and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Viola Willemsen
- Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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27
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Abstract
Development and growth of plant organs is determined by a myriad of molecular processes that occur in each individual cell. As a direct consequence of these processes, cells alter in size and shape. They therefore serve as excellent parameters to thoroughly understand gene function. However, conventional single-plane analyses fail to accurately capture cell metrics. Here, we present a comprehensive illustrated guide that demonstrates how SCRI Renaissance 2200 staining of Arabidopsis thaliana embryos and roots can be combined with the open-source application MorphoGraphX to quantify cell parameters in 3D. We compare this staining method with other common staining techniques and provide examples of embryo and root tissue segmentation. With our novel approach, subtle single-cell phenotypes can be identified in their native context, providing new possibilities to dissect gene networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merijn Kerstens
- Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Soeren Strauss
- Department of Comparative Development and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Richard Smith
- Department of Comparative Development and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Viola Willemsen
- Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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28
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Dong X, Yang F, Yang S, Yan C. Subcellular distribution and tolerance of cadmium in Canna indica L. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019; 185:109692. [PMID: 31585391 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Canna indica L. is a promising species for heavy metal phytoremediation due to its fast growth rate and large biomass. However, few studies have investigated cadmium (Cd) tolerance mechanisms. In the present study, Canna plants were cultivated under hydroponic conditions with increasing Cd concentrations (0, 5, 10, 15 mg/L). We found that the plants performed well under 5 mg/L Cd2+ stress, but damage was observed under higher Cd exposure, such as leaf chlorosis, growth inhibition, a decreased chlorophyll content, and destruction of the ultrastructure of leaf cells. Additionally, Canna alleviated Cd toxicity to a certain extent. After Canna was exposed to 5, 10 and 15 mg/L Cd2+ for 45 d, the highest Cd concentration was exhibited in roots, which was almost 17-47 times the Cd concentration in leaves and 8-20 times that in stems. At the subcellular level, cellular debris and heat-stable proteins (HSPs) were the main binding sites for Cd, and the proportion of Cd in the two subcellular fractions accounted for 71.4-94.2% of the total Cd. Furthermore, we found that granules could participate in the detoxification process when Cd stress was enhanced. Our results indicated that Canna indica L. can tolerate Cd toxicity by sequestering heavy metals in root tissues, fencing out by cell wall, and binding with biologically detoxified fractions (granules and HSPs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Dong
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; China Everbright International Limited, 26/F, Block A, Orientel Xintiandi Plaza, No.1003, Shennan Avenue, Futian District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Shuping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Changzhou Yan
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China.
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29
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Carreras A, Bernard S, Durambur G, Gügi B, Loutelier C, Pawlak B, Boulogne I, Vicré M, Driouich A, Goffner D, Follet-Gueye ML. In vitro characterization of root extracellular trap and exudates of three Sahelian woody plant species. Planta 2019; 251:19. [PMID: 31781905 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03302-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Arabinogalactan protein content in both root extracellular trap and root exudates varies in three Sahelian woody plant species that are differentially tolerant to drought. At the root tip, mature root cap cells, mainly border cells (BCs)/border-like cells (BLCs) and their associated mucilage, form a web-like structure known as the "Root Extracellular Trap" (RET). Although the RET along with the entire suite of root exudates are known to influence rhizosphere function, their features in woody species is poorly documented. Here, RET and root exudates were analyzed from three Sahelian woody species with contrasted sensitivity to drought stress (Balanites aegyptiaca, Acacia raddiana and Tamarindus indica) and that have been selected for reforestation along the African Great Green Wall in northern Senegal. Optical and transmission electron microscopy show that Balanites aegyptiaca, the most drought-tolerant species, produces only BC, whereas Acacia raddiana and Tamarindus indica release both BCs and BLCs. Biochemical analyses reveal that RET and root exudates of Balanites aegyptiaca and Acacia raddiana contain significantly more abundant arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) compared to Tamarindus indica, the most drought-sensitive species. Root exudates of the three woody species also differentially impact the plant soil beneficial bacteria Azospirillum brasilense growth. These results highlight the importance of root secretions for woody species survival under dry conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Carreras
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Glyco-MEV EA4358, SFR NORVEGE FED 4277, 76821, Mont Saint-Aignan, France
- Fédération de Recherche « Normandie-Végétal » , FED 4277, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Sophie Bernard
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Glyco-MEV EA4358, SFR NORVEGE FED 4277, 76821, Mont Saint-Aignan, France
- Fédération de Recherche « Normandie-Végétal » , FED 4277, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, PRIMACEN, IRIB, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Gaëlle Durambur
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Glyco-MEV EA4358, SFR NORVEGE FED 4277, 76821, Mont Saint-Aignan, France
- Fédération de Recherche « Normandie-Végétal » , FED 4277, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Bruno Gügi
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Glyco-MEV EA4358, SFR NORVEGE FED 4277, 76821, Mont Saint-Aignan, France
- Fédération de Recherche « Normandie-Végétal » , FED 4277, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Corinne Loutelier
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, COBRA CNRS UMR 6014, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Barbara Pawlak
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Glyco-MEV EA4358, SFR NORVEGE FED 4277, 76821, Mont Saint-Aignan, France
- Fédération de Recherche « Normandie-Végétal » , FED 4277, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Isabelle Boulogne
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Glyco-MEV EA4358, SFR NORVEGE FED 4277, 76821, Mont Saint-Aignan, France
- Fédération de Recherche « Normandie-Végétal » , FED 4277, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Maite Vicré
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Glyco-MEV EA4358, SFR NORVEGE FED 4277, 76821, Mont Saint-Aignan, France
- Fédération de Recherche « Normandie-Végétal » , FED 4277, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Azeddine Driouich
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Glyco-MEV EA4358, SFR NORVEGE FED 4277, 76821, Mont Saint-Aignan, France
- Fédération de Recherche « Normandie-Végétal » , FED 4277, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Deborah Goffner
- CNRS UMI 3189 ESS, Pôle France, 13344, Marseille Cedex 15, France
| | - Marie-Laure Follet-Gueye
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Glyco-MEV EA4358, SFR NORVEGE FED 4277, 76821, Mont Saint-Aignan, France.
- Fédération de Recherche « Normandie-Végétal » , FED 4277, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France.
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, PRIMACEN, IRIB, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France.
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30
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Fugate KK, Eide JD, Martins DN, Grusak MA, Deckard EL, Finger FL. Colocalization of sucrose synthase expression and sucrose storage in the sugarbeet taproot indicates a potential role for sucrose catabolism in sucrose accumulation. J Plant Physiol 2019; 240:153016. [PMID: 31400718 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2019.153016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sucrose metabolism is believed to have a central role in promoting sink strength and sucrose storage in the sugarbeet taproot. How sucrose accumulation is increased by sucrose-degrading enzymes, however, is a paradox. To elucidate roles for sucrose-degrading activities in sucrose accumulation, relationships between the intercellular location of sucrose-catabolizing enzymes and sites of sucrose accumulation were determined in the sugarbeet taproot. Sucrose storage was evident in parenchyma cells of the outer cortex, rays, and rings of parenchyma tissue, but was absent in phloem, the vascular cambium, cells surrounding these tissues, or cells surrounding xylem. Sucrose synthase, which was primarily responsible for sucrose catabolism throughout the taproot, was expressed in similar cell and tissue types to those accumulating sucrose. Colocalization of sucrose synthase with sucrose accumulation, as well as sucrose synthase localization near the tonoplast, suggests a role for the enzyme in generating metabolic energy to fuel sucrose sequestration in the vacuole. Localization near the plasma membrane also suggests a role for sucrose synthase in supplying substrates for cell wall biosynthesis. By utilizing sucrose for ATP or cell wall biosynthesis, sucrose synthase likely maintains the source-to-sink sucrose gradient that drives sucrose transport into the root, thereby promoting sugarbeet root sink strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen K Fugate
- USDA-ARS, Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, 1616 Albrecht Blvd. N., Fargo, ND, 58102-2765, USA.
| | - John D Eide
- USDA-ARS, Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, 1616 Albrecht Blvd. N., Fargo, ND, 58102-2765, USA.
| | - Daniel N Martins
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36571-000, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
| | - Michael A Grusak
- USDA-ARS, Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, 1616 Albrecht Blvd. N., Fargo, ND, 58102-2765, USA.
| | - Edward L Deckard
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, P.O. Box 6050, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA.
| | - Fernando L Finger
- Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
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Jaskowiak J, Kwasniewska J, Milewska-Hendel A, Kurczynska EU, Szurman-Zubrzycka M, Szarejko I. Aluminum Alters the Histology and Pectin Cell Wall Composition of Barley Roots. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20123039. [PMID: 31234423 PMCID: PMC6628276 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20123039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) is one of the most important crust elements causing reduced plant production in acidic soils. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is considered to be one of the crops that is most sensitive to Al, and the root cell wall is the primary target of Al toxicity. In this study, we evaluate the possible involvement of specific pectic epitopes in the cells of barley roots in response to aluminum exposure. We targeted four different pectic epitopes recognized by LM5, LM6, LM19, and LM20 antibodies using an immunocytochemical approach. Since Al becomes available and toxic to plants in acidic soils, we performed our analyses on barley roots that had been grown in acidic conditions (pH 4.0) with and without Al and in control conditions (pH 6.0). Differences connected with the presence and distribution of the pectic epitopes between the control and Al-treated roots were observed. In the Al-treated roots, pectins with galactan sidechains were detected with a visually lower fluorescence intensity than in the control roots while pectins with arabinan sidechains were abundantly present. Furthermore, esterified homogalacturonans (HGs) were present with a visually higher fluorescence intensity compared to the control, while methyl-esterified HGs were present in a similar amount. Based on the presented results, it was concluded that methyl-esterified HG can be a marker for newly arising cell walls. Additionally, histological changes were detected in the roots grown under Al exposure. Among them, an increase in root diameter, shortening of root cap, and increase in the size of rhizodermal cells and divisions of exodermal and cortex cells were observed. The presented data extend upon the knowledge on the chemical composition of the cell wall of barley root cells under stress conditions. The response of cells to Al can be expressed by the specific distribution of pectins in the cell wall and, thus, enables the knowledge on Al toxicity to be extended by explaining the mechanism by which Al inhibits root elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Jaskowiak
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellonska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Jolanta Kwasniewska
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellonska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Anna Milewska-Hendel
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellonska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Ewa Urszula Kurczynska
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellonska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Miriam Szurman-Zubrzycka
- Department of Genetics, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellonska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Iwona Szarejko
- Department of Genetics, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellonska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland.
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Alkhatib R, Alkhatib B, Abdo N, AL-Eitan L, Creamer R. Physio-biochemical and ultrastructural impact of (Fe 3O 4) nanoparticles on tobacco. BMC Plant Biol 2019; 19:253. [PMID: 31196035 PMCID: PMC6567911 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1864-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because of their broad applications in our life, nanoparticles are expected to be present in the environment raising many concerns about their possible adverse effects on the ecosystem of plants. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of different sizes and concentrations of iron oxide nanoparticles [(Fe3O4) NPs] on morphological, physiological, biochemical, and ultrastructural parameters in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum var.2 Turkish). RESULTS Lengths of shoots and roots of 5 nm-treated plants were significantly decreased in all nanoparticle-treated plants compared to control plants or plants treated with any concentration of 10 or 20 nm nanoparticles. The photosynthetic rate and leaf area were drastically reduced in 5 nm (Fe3O4) NP-treated plants of all concentrations compared to control plants and plants treated with 10 or 20 nm (Fe3O4) NPs. Accumulation of sugars in leaves showed no significant differences between the control plants and plants treated with iron oxide of all sizes and concentrations. In contrast, protein accumulation in plants treated with 5 nm iron oxide dramatically increased compared to control plants. Moreover, light and transmission electron micrographs of roots and leaves revealed that roots and chloroplasts of 5 nm (Fe3O4) NPs-treated plants of all concentrations were drastically affected. CONCLUSIONS The size and concentration of nanoparticles are key factors affecting plant growth and development. The results of this study demonstrated that the toxicity of (Fe3O4) NPs was clearly influenced by size and concentration. Further investigations are needed to elucidate more about NP toxicity in plants, especially at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami Alkhatib
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Science and Arts, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110 Jordan
| | - Batool Alkhatib
- Molecular Biology Program, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA
| | - Nour Abdo
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110 Jordan
| | - Laith AL-Eitan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Science and Arts, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110 Jordan
| | - Rebecca Creamer
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Weed Science, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA
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Mucha J, Gabała E, Zadworny M. The effects of structurally different siderophores on the organelles of Pinus sylvestris root cells. Planta 2019; 249:1747-1760. [PMID: 30820648 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03117-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Siderophores are a driver of Pinus sylvestris root responses to metabolites secreted by pathogenic and mycorrhizal fungi. Structurally different siderophores regulate the uptake of Fe by microorganisms and may play a key role in the colonization of plants by beneficial or pathogenic fungi. Siderophore action, however, may be dependent on the distribution of Fe within cells. Here, the involvement of siderophores in determining the changes of organelle morphology and element composition of some cellular fractions of root cells in Pinus sylvestris to trophically diverse fungi was investigated. Changes in the morphology and concentrations of different elements within organelles of root cells in response to three structurally different siderophores were examined by transmission electron microscopy combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Weak development of mitochondrial cristae and the deposition of backup materials in plastids occurred in the absence of Fe in the structures of triacetylfusarinine C and ferricrocin. In response to metabolites of both pathogenic and mycorrhizal fungi, Fe accumulated mainly in the cell walls and cytoplasm. Fe counts increased in all of the analyzed organelles in response to applications of ferricrocin and triacetylfusarinine C. Chelation of Fe within the structure of siderophores prevents the binding of exogenous Fe, decreasing the abundance of Fe in the cell wall and cytoplasm. The concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, Mn, Cu, Mg, and Zn also increased in cells after applications of ferricrocin and triacetylfusarinine C, while the levels of these elements decreased in the cell wall and cytoplasm when Fe was present within the structure of the siderophores. These results provide insight into the siderophore-driven response of plants to various symbionts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Mucha
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Science, Parkowa 5, 62-035, Kórnik, Poland.
| | - Elżbieta Gabała
- Institute of Plant Protection, National Research Institute, Węgorka 20, 60-318, Poznań, Poland
| | - Marcin Zadworny
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Science, Parkowa 5, 62-035, Kórnik, Poland
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Ropitaux M, Bernard S, Follet-Gueye ML, Vicré M, Boulogne I, Driouich A. Xyloglucan and cellulose form molecular cross-bridges connecting root border cells in pea (Pisum sativum). Plant Physiol Biochem 2019; 139:191-196. [PMID: 30904720 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Pea (Pisum sativum) root cap releases a large number of living border cells that secrete abundant mucilage into the extracellular medium. Mucilage contains a complex mixture of polysaccharides, proteins and secondary metabolites important for its structure and function in defense. Unlike xyloglucan and cellulose, pectin and arabinogalactan proteins have been investigated in pea root and shown to be major components of border cell walls and mucilage. In this study, we investigated the occurrence of xyloglucan and cellulose in pea border cells and mucilage using cytochemical staining, immunocytochemistry and laser scanning confocal microscopy. Our data show that i) unlike cellulose, xyloglucan is highly present in the released mucilage as a dense fibrillary network enclosing border cells and ii) that xyloglucan and cellulose form molecular cross-bridges that tether cells and maintain them attached together. These findings suggest that secreted xyloglucan is essential for mucilage strengthening and border cell attachment and functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Ropitaux
- Université de ROUEN, UFR des Sciences et Techniques, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, UPRES-EA 4358, Fédération de Recherche « Normandie-Végétal », FED 4277, F-76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France.
| | - Sophie Bernard
- Université de ROUEN, UFR des Sciences et Techniques, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, UPRES-EA 4358, Fédération de Recherche « Normandie-Végétal », FED 4277, F-76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France; Cell Imaging Platform (PRIMACEN-IRIB), Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, F-76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Marie-Laure Follet-Gueye
- Université de ROUEN, UFR des Sciences et Techniques, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, UPRES-EA 4358, Fédération de Recherche « Normandie-Végétal », FED 4277, F-76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France; Cell Imaging Platform (PRIMACEN-IRIB), Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, F-76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Maïté Vicré
- Université de ROUEN, UFR des Sciences et Techniques, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, UPRES-EA 4358, Fédération de Recherche « Normandie-Végétal », FED 4277, F-76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Isabelle Boulogne
- Université de ROUEN, UFR des Sciences et Techniques, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, UPRES-EA 4358, Fédération de Recherche « Normandie-Végétal », FED 4277, F-76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Azeddine Driouich
- Université de ROUEN, UFR des Sciences et Techniques, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, UPRES-EA 4358, Fédération de Recherche « Normandie-Végétal », FED 4277, F-76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France; Cell Imaging Platform (PRIMACEN-IRIB), Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, F-76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
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El Mahi H, Pérez-Hormaeche J, De Luca A, Villalta I, Espartero J, Gámez-Arjona F, Fernández JL, Bundó M, Mendoza I, Mieulet D, Lalanne E, Lee SY, Yun DJ, Guiderdoni E, Aguilar M, Leidi EO, Pardo JM, Quintero FJ. A Critical Role of Sodium Flux via the Plasma Membrane Na +/H + Exchanger SOS1 in the Salt Tolerance of Rice. Plant Physiol 2019; 180:1046-1065. [PMID: 30992336 PMCID: PMC6548274 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa) stands among the world's most important crop species. Rice is salt sensitive, and the undue accumulation of sodium ions (Na+) in shoots has the strongest negative correlation with rice productivity under long-term salinity. The plasma membrane Na+/H+ exchanger protein Salt Overly Sensitive 1 (SOS1) is the sole Na+ efflux transporter that has been genetically characterized to date. Here, the importance of SOS1-facilitated Na+ flux in the salt tolerance of rice was analyzed in a reverse-genetics approach. A sos1 loss-of-function mutant displayed exceptional salt sensitivity that was correlated with excessive Na+ intake and impaired Na+ loading into the xylem, thus indicating that SOS1 controls net root Na+ uptake and long-distance Na+ transport to shoots. The acute Na+ sensitivity of sos1 plants at low NaCl concentrations allowed analysis of the transcriptional response to sodicity stress without effects of the osmotic stress intrinsic to high-salinity treatments. In contrast with that in the wild type, sos1 mutant roots displayed preferential down-regulation of stress-related genes in response to salt treatment, despite the greater intensity of stress experienced by the mutant. These results suggest there is impaired stress detection or an inability to mount a comprehensive response to salinity in sos1 In summary, the plasma membrane Na+/H+ exchanger SOS1 plays a major role in the salt tolerance of rice by controlling Na+ homeostasis and possibly contributing to the sensing of sodicity stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houda El Mahi
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia (IRNAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Javier Pérez-Hormaeche
- Instituto de Bioquimica Vegetal y Fotosintesis (IBVF), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Seville, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Anna De Luca
- Instituto de Bioquimica Vegetal y Fotosintesis (IBVF), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Seville, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Irene Villalta
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, Université de Tours, Parc de Grandmont, 37200 Tours, France
- Gyeongsang National University, 660-701 Jinju, South Korea
| | - Joaquín Espartero
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia (IRNAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 41012 Seville, Spain
| | | | - José Luis Fernández
- Instituto de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera (IFAPA), Junta de Andalucia, 41200 Seville, Spain
| | - Mireia Bundó
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Imelda Mendoza
- Instituto de Bioquimica Vegetal y Fotosintesis (IBVF), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Seville, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Delphine Mieulet
- Centre for International Cooperation on Agricultural Research for Development (CIRAD), Joint Research Unit of Genetic Improvement and Adaptation of Mediterranean and Tropical Plants (UMR-AGAP), 34398 Montpellier, and Université de Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | | | - Sang-Yeol Lee
- Gyeongsang National University, 660-701 Jinju, South Korea
| | | | - Emmanuel Guiderdoni
- Centre for International Cooperation on Agricultural Research for Development (CIRAD), Joint Research Unit of Genetic Improvement and Adaptation of Mediterranean and Tropical Plants (UMR-AGAP), 34398 Montpellier, and Université de Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Manuel Aguilar
- Instituto de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera (IFAPA), Junta de Andalucia, 41200 Seville, Spain
| | - Eduardo O Leidi
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia (IRNAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - José M Pardo
- Instituto de Bioquimica Vegetal y Fotosintesis (IBVF), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Seville, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Francisco J Quintero
- Instituto de Bioquimica Vegetal y Fotosintesis (IBVF), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Seville, 41092 Seville, Spain
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Carotenuto G, Sciascia I, Oddi L, Volpe V, Genre A. Size matters: three methods for estimating nuclear size in mycorrhizal roots of Medicago truncatula by image analysis. BMC Plant Biol 2019; 156:265-273. [PMID: 31054574 DOI: 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2002.00508.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intracellular accommodation of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi involves a profound molecular reprogramming of the host cell architecture and metabolism, based on the activation of a symbiotic signaling pathway. In analogy with other plant biotrophs, AM fungi are reported to trigger cell cycle reactivation in their host tissues, possibly in support of the enhanced metabolic demand required for the symbiosis. RESULTS We here compare the efficiency of three Fiji/ImageJ image analysis plugins in localizing and quantifying the increase in nuclear size - a hallmark of recursive events of endoreduplication - in M. truncatula roots colonized by the AM fungus Gigaspora margarita. All three approaches proved to be versatile and upgradeable, allowing the investigation of nuclear changes in a complex tissue; 3D Object Counter provided more detailed information than both TrackMate and Round Surface Detector plugins. On this base we challenged 3D Object Counter with two case studies: verifying the lack of endoreduplication-triggering responses in Medicago truncatula mutants with a known non-symbiotic phenotype; and analysing the correlation in space and time between the induction of cortical cell division and endoreduplication upon AM colonization. Both case studies revealed important biological aspects. Mutant phenotype analyses have demonstrated that the knock-out mutation of different key genes in the symbiotic signaling pathway block AM-associated endoreduplication. Furthermore, our data show that cell divisions occur during initial stages of root colonization and are followed by recursive activation of the endocycle in preparation for arbuscule accommodation. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our results indicate 3D Object Counter as the best performing Fiji/ImageJ image analysis script in plant root thick sections and its application highlighted endoreduplication as a major feature of the AM pre-penetration response in root cortical cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennaro Carotenuto
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Ivan Sciascia
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Ludovica Oddi
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Veronica Volpe
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Andrea Genre
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10125, Torino, Italy.
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37
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Carotenuto G, Sciascia I, Oddi L, Volpe V, Genre A. Size matters: three methods for estimating nuclear size in mycorrhizal roots of Medicago truncatula by image analysis. BMC Plant Biol 2019; 19:180. [PMID: 31054574 PMCID: PMC6500585 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1791-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intracellular accommodation of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi involves a profound molecular reprogramming of the host cell architecture and metabolism, based on the activation of a symbiotic signaling pathway. In analogy with other plant biotrophs, AM fungi are reported to trigger cell cycle reactivation in their host tissues, possibly in support of the enhanced metabolic demand required for the symbiosis. RESULTS We here compare the efficiency of three Fiji/ImageJ image analysis plugins in localizing and quantifying the increase in nuclear size - a hallmark of recursive events of endoreduplication - in M. truncatula roots colonized by the AM fungus Gigaspora margarita. All three approaches proved to be versatile and upgradeable, allowing the investigation of nuclear changes in a complex tissue; 3D Object Counter provided more detailed information than both TrackMate and Round Surface Detector plugins. On this base we challenged 3D Object Counter with two case studies: verifying the lack of endoreduplication-triggering responses in Medicago truncatula mutants with a known non-symbiotic phenotype; and analysing the correlation in space and time between the induction of cortical cell division and endoreduplication upon AM colonization. Both case studies revealed important biological aspects. Mutant phenotype analyses have demonstrated that the knock-out mutation of different key genes in the symbiotic signaling pathway block AM-associated endoreduplication. Furthermore, our data show that cell divisions occur during initial stages of root colonization and are followed by recursive activation of the endocycle in preparation for arbuscule accommodation. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our results indicate 3D Object Counter as the best performing Fiji/ImageJ image analysis script in plant root thick sections and its application highlighted endoreduplication as a major feature of the AM pre-penetration response in root cortical cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennaro Carotenuto
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Ivan Sciascia
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Ludovica Oddi
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Veronica Volpe
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Andrea Genre
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10125, Torino, Italy.
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Yarmohammadi A, Khoramivafa M, Honarmand SJ. Humic acid reduces the CuO and ZnO nanoparticles cellular toxicity in rapeseed (Brassica napus). Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2019; 65:29-36. [PMID: 31078149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Concerns about nanoparticles environmental pollution risk have been increased globally due to an increase in the production of nanoparticles in recent years and their use in diverse cases. The purpose of this experiment was to study the alleviation effect of humic acid on nanoparticles toxicity in greenhouse conditions. Thus two separate experiments were conducted at the rosette growing stages of rapeseed in a factorial experiment as a completely randomized design with three replications. The first factor was copper and zinc oxide nanoparticle in five concentrations of 0, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000 mg.L-1 in each of experiments and the second factor was humic acid in two concentrations of 0 and 100 mg.L-1 in both experiments. The results showed that simultaneously application of humic acid and the nanoparticles resulted in increasing of chlorophyll, protein contents, and antioxidants enzymes activity. For example, the maximum activity of catalase was 170.72 and 296.82 µmol.min-1.mg-1 proteins when CuO nanoparticle was utilized alone and together with humic acid respectively. Also increasing the concentration of CuO nanoparticle reduced protein content from 2.44 to 1.88 (mg.gr-1 Fresh leaf weight), while its range was 2.86 and 2.49 (mg.gr-1 Fresh leaf weight) when adding the humic acid. Transmission electron microscopy images of root tissue confirm the decreasing of nanoparticles entrance to plant cell and tissue by humic acid. In general, application of humic acid alleviated the nanoparticles toxicity, due to the high adsorption capacity that is able to get out the metals from plants or like-hormonal activity probably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsaneh Yarmohammadi
- Former Student of Agroecology, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mahmud Khoramivafa
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
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Milewska-Hendel A, Zubko M, Stróż D, Kurczyńska EU. Effect of Nanoparticles Surface Charge on the Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Roots Development and Their Movement into the Root Cells and Protoplasts. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071650. [PMID: 30987084 PMCID: PMC6479287 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing usage of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in different industrial areas inevitably leads to their release into the environment. Thus, living organisms, including plants, may be exposed to a direct contact with nanoparticles (NPs). Despite the growing amount of research on this topic, our knowledge about NPs uptake by plants and their influence on different developmental processes is still insufficient. The first physical barrier for NPs penetration to the plant body is a cell wall which protects cytoplasm from external factors and environmental stresses. The absence of a cell wall may facilitate the internalization of various particles including NPs. Our studies have shown that AuNPs, independently of their surface charge, did not cross the cell wall of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) roots. However, the research carried out with using light and transmission electron microscope revealed that AuNPs with different surface charge caused diverse changes in the root’s histology and ultrastructure. Therefore, we verified whether this is only the wall which protects cells against particles penetration and for this purpose we used protoplasts culture. It has been shown that plasma membrane (PM) is not a barrier for positively charged (+) AuNPs and negatively charged (−) AuNPs, which passage to the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Milewska-Hendel
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, 28 Jagiellońska Street, 40-032 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Maciej Zubko
- Institute of Materials Science, Faculty of Computer Science and Materials Science, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty Street 1a, Chorzów, 41-500, Poland.
- Department of Physics, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové 500-03, Czech Republic.
| | - Danuta Stróż
- Institute of Materials Science, Faculty of Computer Science and Materials Science, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty Street 1a, Chorzów, 41-500, Poland.
| | - Ewa U Kurczyńska
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, 28 Jagiellońska Street, 40-032 Katowice, Poland.
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Bui TT, Harting R, Braus-Stromeyer SA, Tran VT, Leonard M, Höfer A, Abelmann A, Bakti F, Valerius O, Schlüter R, Stanley CE, Ambrósio A, Braus GH. Verticillium dahliae transcription factors Som1 and Vta3 control microsclerotia formation and sequential steps of plant root penetration and colonisation to induce disease. New Phytol 2019; 221:2138-2159. [PMID: 30290010 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Verticillium dahliae nuclear transcription factors Som1 and Vta3 can rescue adhesion in a FLO8-deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain. Som1 and Vta3 induce the expression of the yeast FLO1 and FLO11 genes encoding adhesins. Som1 and Vta3 are sequentially required for root penetration and colonisation of the plant host by V. dahliae. The SOM1 and VTA3 genes were deleted and their functions in fungus-induced plant pathogenesis were studied using genetic, cell biology, proteomic and plant pathogenicity experiments. Som1 supports fungal adhesion and root penetration and is required earlier than Vta3 in the colonisation of plant root surfaces and tomato plant infection. Som1 controls septa positioning and the size of vacuoles, and subsequently hyphal development including aerial hyphae formation and normal hyphal branching. Som1 and Vta3 control conidiation, microsclerotia formation, and antagonise in oxidative stress responses. The molecular function of Som1 is conserved between the plant pathogen V. dahliae and the opportunistic human pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus. Som1 controls genes for initial steps of plant root penetration, adhesion, oxidative stress response and VTA3 expression to allow subsequent root colonisation. Both Som1 and Vta3 regulate developmental genetic networks required for conidiation, microsclerotia formation and pathogenicity of V. dahliae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tri-Thuc Bui
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Goettingen and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Grisebachstr. 8, D-37077, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Rebekka Harting
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Goettingen and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Grisebachstr. 8, D-37077, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Susanna A Braus-Stromeyer
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Goettingen and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Grisebachstr. 8, D-37077, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Van-Tuan Tran
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Goettingen and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Grisebachstr. 8, D-37077, Goettingen, Germany
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, VNU University of Science, 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, 100000, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Miriam Leonard
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Goettingen and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Grisebachstr. 8, D-37077, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Annalena Höfer
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Goettingen and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Grisebachstr. 8, D-37077, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Anja Abelmann
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Goettingen and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Grisebachstr. 8, D-37077, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Fruzsina Bakti
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Goettingen and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Grisebachstr. 8, D-37077, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Valerius
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Goettingen and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Grisebachstr. 8, D-37077, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Rabea Schlüter
- Imaging Center of the Department of Biology, University of Greifswald, D-17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Claire E Stanley
- Plant-Soil Interactions, Agroecology and Environment Research Division, Agroscope, Reckenholzstrasse 191, CH-8046, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alinne Ambrósio
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Goettingen and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Grisebachstr. 8, D-37077, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Gerhard H Braus
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Goettingen and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Grisebachstr. 8, D-37077, Goettingen, Germany
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Roth R, Hillmer S, Funaya C, Chiapello M, Schumacher K, Lo Presti L, Kahmann R, Paszkowski U. Arbuscular cell invasion coincides with extracellular vesicles and membrane tubules. Nat Plants 2019; 5:204-211. [PMID: 30737514 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-019-0365-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
During establishment of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbioses, fungal hyphae invade root cells producing transient tree-like structures, the arbuscules, where exchange of photosynthates for soil minerals occurs. Arbuscule formation and collapse lead to rapid production and degradation of plant and fungal membranes, their spatiotemporal dynamics directly influencing nutrient exchange. We determined the ultra-structural details of both membrane surfaces and the interstitial apoplastic matrix by transmission electron microscopy tomography during growth and senescence of Rhizophagus irregularis arbuscules in rice. Invasive growth of arbuscular hyphae was associated with abundant fungal membrane tubules (memtubs) and plant peri-arbuscular membrane evaginations. Similarly, the phylogenetically distant arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Gigaspora rosea, and the fungal maize pathogen, Ustilago maydis, developed memtubs while invading host cells, revealing structural commonalities independent of the mutualistic or parasitic outcome of the interaction. Additionally, extracellular vesicles formed continuously in the peri-arbuscular interface from arbuscule biogenesis to senescence, suggesting an involvement in inter-organismic signal and nutrient exchange throughout the arbuscule lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronelle Roth
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stefan Hillmer
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Charlotta Funaya
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marco Chiapello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Karin Schumacher
- Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Libera Lo Presti
- Max-Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Germany
- Springer Nature Heidelberg, Berlin, Germany
| | - Regine Kahmann
- Max-Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Germany
| | - Uta Paszkowski
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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Romano Armada N, Doccula FG, Candeo A, Valentini G, Costa A, Bassi A. In Vivo Light Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy of Calcium Oscillations in Arabidopsis thaliana. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1925:87-101. [PMID: 30674019 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9018-4_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Calcium imaging in plants requires a high-resolution microscope, able to perform volumetric acquisition in a few seconds, inducing as low photobleaching and phototoxicity as possible to the sample. Light sheet fluorescence microscopy offers these capabilities, with the further chance to mount the sample in vertical position, mimicking the plant's growth and physiological conditions.A protocol for plant preparation and mounting in a light sheet microscope is presented. First, the growth of Arabidopsis thaliana in a sample holder compatible with light sheet microscopy is described. Then, the requirements for sample alignment and image acquisition are detailed. Finally, the image processing steps to analyze calcium oscillations are discussed, with particular emphasis on ratiometric calcium imaging in Arabidopsis root hairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neli Romano Armada
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
- INIQUI y Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta, Argentina
| | | | - Alessia Candeo
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Valentini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milan, Italy
| | - Alex Costa
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Andrea Bassi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milan, Italy
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Abstract
FM (Fei-Mao) styryl dyes are commonly used for the fluorescence imaging of plasma membrane (PM) and endocytosis in vivo. Thanks to their amphiphilic character, these dyes are incorporated in the outer leaflet of the PM lipid bilayer and emit fluorescence in its hydrophobic environment. The endocytic pathway of FM dye uptake starts with rapid PM staining and continues in PM invaginations and membrane vesicles during endocytosis, followed by staining of trans-Golgi network (TGN) and ending in tonoplast (vacuolar membrane). FM dyes do not stain endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear membrane. The time-lapse fluorescence microscopy could track endocytic vesicles and characterize the rate of endocytosis in vivo. On the other hand, fixable FM dyes (FX) can be used for the visualization of particular steps in the FM dye uptake in situ. Staining with FM dyes and subsequent microscopic observations could be performed on both tissue and cellular level. Here, we describe simple procedures for the effective FM dye staining and destaining in root tip of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings and suspension-cultured tobacco cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Jelínková
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Kateřina Malínská
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Petrášek
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Bahari MNA, Sakeh NM, Abdullah SNA, Ramli RR, Kadkhodaei S. Transciptome profiling at early infection of Elaeis guineensis by Ganoderma boninense provides novel insights on fungal transition from biotrophic to necrotrophic phase. BMC Plant Biol 2018; 18:377. [PMID: 30594134 PMCID: PMC6310985 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1594-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Basal stem rot (BSR) caused by hemibiotroph Ganoderma boninense is a devastating disease resulting in a major loss to the oil palm industry. Since there is no physical symptom in oil palm at the early stage of G. boninense infection, characterisation of molecular defense responses in oil palm during early interaction with the fungus is of the utmost importance. Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) seedlings were artificially infected with G. boninense inoculums and root samples were obtained following a time-course of 0, 3, 7, and 11 days-post-inoculation (d.p.i) for RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and identification of differentially expressed genes (DEGs). RESULTS The host counter-attack was evidenced based on fungal hyphae and Ganoderma DNA observed at 3 d.p.i which became significantly reduced at 7 and 11 d.p.i. DEGs revealed upregulation of multifaceted defense related genes such as PR-protein (EgPR-1), protease inhibitor (EgBGIA), PRR protein (EgLYK3) chitinase (EgCht) and expansin (EgEXPB18) at 3 d.p.i and 7 d.p.i which dropped at 11 d.p.i. Later stage involved highly expressed transcription factors EgERF113 and EgMYC2 as potential regulators of necrotrophic defense at 11 d.p.i. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) elicitor: peroxidase (EgPER) and NADPH oxidase (EgRBOH) were upregulated and maintained throughout the treatment period. Growth and nutrient distribution were probably compromised through suppression of auxin signalling and iron uptake genes. CONCLUSIONS Based on the analysis of oil palm gene expression, it was deduced that the biotrophic phase of Ganoderma had possibly occurred at the early phase (3 until 7 d.p.i) before being challenged by the fungus via switching its lifestyle into the necrotrophic phase at later stage (11 d.p.i) and finally succumbed the host. Together, the findings suggest the dynamic defense process in oil palm and potential candidates that can serve as phase-specific biomarkers at the early stages of oil palm-G. boninense interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nurshafika Mohd Sakeh
- Institute of Plantation Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Siti Nor Akmar Abdullah
- Institute of Plantation Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
- Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Redzyque Ramza Ramli
- Institute of Plantation Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Saied Kadkhodaei
- Research Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111 Iran
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Oleszkiewicz T, Klimek-Chodacka M, Milewska-Hendel A, Zubko M, Stróż D, Kurczyńska E, Boba A, Szopa J, Baranski R. Unique chromoplast organisation and carotenoid gene expression in carotenoid-rich carrot callus. Planta 2018; 248:1455-1471. [PMID: 30132151 PMCID: PMC6244651 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-2988-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION The new model orange callus line, similar to carrot root, was rich in carotenoids due to altered expression of some carotenogenesis-associated genes and possessed unique diversity of chromoplast ultrastructure. Callus induced from carrot root segments cultured in vitro is usually pale yellow (p-y) and poor in carotenoids. A unique, non-engineered callus line of dark orange (d-o) colour was developed in this work. The content of carotenoid pigments in d-o callus was at the same level as in an orange carrot storage root and nine-fold higher than in p-y callus. Carotenoids accumulated mainly in abundant crystalline chromoplasts that are also common in carrot root but not in p-y callus. Using transmission electron microscopy, other types of chromoplasts were also found in d-o callus, including membranous chromoplasts rarely identified in plants and not observed in carrot root until now. At the transcriptional level, most carotenogenesis-associated genes were upregulated in d-o callus in comparison to p-y callus, but their expression was downregulated or unchanged when compared to root tissue. Two pathway steps were critical and could explain the massive carotenoid accumulation in this tissue. The geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase gene involved in the biosynthesis of carotenoid precursors was highly expressed, while the β-carotene hydroxylase gene involved in β-carotene conversion to downstream xanthophylls was highly repressed. Additionally, paralogues of these genes and phytoene synthase were differentially expressed, indicating their tissue-specific roles in carotenoid biosynthesis and metabolism. The established system may serve as a novel model for elucidating plastid biogenesis that coincides with carotenogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Oleszkiewicz
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, AL. 29 Listopada 54, 31-425, Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena Klimek-Chodacka
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, AL. 29 Listopada 54, 31-425, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Milewska-Hendel
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032, Katowice, Poland
| | - Maciej Zubko
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500, Chorzow, Poland
| | - Danuta Stróż
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500, Chorzow, Poland
| | - Ewa Kurczyńska
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032, Katowice, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Boba
- Department of Genetic Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jan Szopa
- Department of Genetic Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148, Wrocław, Poland
- Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Seed Production, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Pl. Grunwaldzki 24A, 50-363, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Rafal Baranski
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, AL. 29 Listopada 54, 31-425, Kraków, Poland.
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Tombuloglu H, Tombuloglu G, Slimani Y, Ercan I, Sozeri H, Baykal A. Impact of manganese ferrite (MnFe 2O 4) nanoparticles on growth and magnetic character of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Environ Pollut 2018; 243:872-881. [PMID: 30245449 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.08.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to assess the uptake and translocation of MnFe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in hydroponically grown barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Hydrothermally synthesized and well characterized MNPs (average crystallite size of 14.5 ± 0.5 nm) with varied doses (62.5, 125, 250, 500, and 1000 mg L-1) were subjected to the plants at germination and early growing stages (three weeks). The tissues analyzed by vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed the uptake and translocation of MNPs, as well as their internalization in the leaf cells. Also, elemental analysis proved that manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe) contents were ∼7-9 times and ∼4-7 times higher in the leaves of MNPs-treated plants than the ones for non-treated control, respectively. 250 mg L-1 of MNPs significantly (at least p < 0.05) promoted the fresh weight (FW, %10.25). However, higher concentrations (500 and 1000 mg L-1) remarkably reduced the increase to %8 and %5, respectively, possibly due to the restricted water uptake. Also, catalase activity was increased from 91 (μM H2O2 min-1 mg-1) to 138 in leaves, and decreased to 66 in roots upon 1000 mg L-1 of MNPs application. Chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were not significantly changed, except chlorophyll a (%6 increase at 1000 mg L-1, p < 0.05). Overall, MnFe2O4 NPs were up-taken from the roots and migrated to the leaves which promoted the growth parameters of barley. Hence, MNPs can be suggested for barley breeding programs and can be proposed as effective delivery system for agrochemicals. However, the possible negative effect of MNPs due to its potential horizontal transfer from plants to animals via the food chain must be also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huseyin Tombuloglu
- Department of Genetics Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 34221, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Guzin Tombuloglu
- Adnan Kahveci Mah., Mimar Sinan Cad., Mavisu evl., 7/28 Beylikduzu-Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yassine Slimani
- Department of Biophysics, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 34221, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ismail Ercan
- Department of Biophysics, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 34221, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hüseyin Sozeri
- TUBITAK-UME, National Metrology Institute, P.O. Box 54, 41470, Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Abdulhadi Baykal
- Department of Nanomedicine, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 34221, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Thakur J, Dwivedi MD, Uniyal PL. Ultrastructural studies and molecular characterization of root-associated fungi, of Crepidium acuminatum (D.Don) Szlach.: a threatened and medicinally important taxon. J Genet 2018; 97:1139-1146. [PMID: 30555063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Crepidium acuminatum (Orchidaceae) is a threatened medicinal orchid that grows under shady and moist forest floor where light remains for a very short period of time. Mycorrhizal association is known to be essential for seed germination and seedling establishment in amajority of orchids. Identification of fungi that form mycorrhizae with orchids is of crucial importance for orchid conservation. We used both morphological as well as molecular approaches to study this plant-fungal interaction. Scanning electron microscopy showed that fungi grow and proliferate in the middle layers of the cortex. Also, spiral-root hairs were foundalong with root hairs, which is an unusual observation. Spiral-root hairs provide more surface area for fluid absorption and entrance of colonizers. Further, total root genomic DNA was isolated and fungal internal-transcribed spacer (ITS) regions were polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified using specific primer combinations ITS1F/ITS4 and ITS1/ITS4tul. ITS sequences were obtainedand analysed to know the closest sequence matche in the GenBank using BLASTn hosted by NLM-NCBI. Subject sequences were identified to be belonging to three main genera, namely, Tulasnella, Aspergillus and Penicillium. Results indicate that mycorrhizal association is necessary for the growth and development of the plant. In addition, this symbiosis influences the distribution and rarity of this medicinally valuable taxon. Specific fungal partners may lead to an enhanced seed germination rate and increased efficiency of nutrient exchange between both the partners. Hence, knowledge of mycorrhizal fungi is essential for future in vitro germination and seedling establishment programmes, because they rely on fungi for germination. Identification of mycorrhizal fungi can be usedfor orchid propagation and conservation programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Thakur
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India.
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Mitić N, Stanišić M, Savić J, Ćosić T, Stanisavljević N, Miljuš-Đukić J, Marin M, Radović S, Ninković S. Physiological and cell ultrastructure disturbances in wheat seedlings generated by Chenopodium murale hairy root exudate. Protoplasma 2018; 255:1683-1692. [PMID: 29748859 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-018-1250-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Chenopodium murale L. is an invasive weed species significantly interfering with wheat crop. However, the complete nature of its allelopathic influence on crops is not yet fully understood. In the present study, the focus is made on establishing the relation between plant morphophysiological changes and oxidative stress, induced by allelopathic extract. Phytotoxic medium of C. murale hairy root clone R5 reduced the germination rate (24% less than control value) of wheat cv. Nataša seeds, as well as seedling growth, diminishing shoot and root length significantly, decreased total chlorophyll content, and induced abnormal root gravitropism. The R5 treatment caused cellular structural abnormalities, reflecting on the root and leaf cell shape and organization. These abnormalities mostly included the increased number of mitochondria and reorganization of the vacuolar compartment, changes in nucleus shape, and chloroplast organization and distribution. The most significant structural changes were observed in cell wall in the form of amoeboid protrusions and folds leading to its irregular shape. These structural alterations were accompanied by an oxidative stress in tissues of treated wheat seedlings, reflected as increased level of H2O2 and other ROS molecules, an increase of radical scavenging capacity and total phenolic content. Accordingly, the retardation of wheat seedling growth by C. murale allelochemicals may represent a consequence of complex activity involving both cell structure alteration and physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevena Mitić
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Boulevard 142, Belgrade, 11060, Serbia
| | - Mariana Stanišić
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Boulevard 142, Belgrade, 11060, Serbia
| | - Jelena Savić
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Boulevard 142, Belgrade, 11060, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Ćosić
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Boulevard 142, Belgrade, 11060, Serbia
| | - Nemanja Stanisavljević
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engeenering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Jovanka Miljuš-Đukić
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engeenering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Marija Marin
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Svetlana Radović
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Slavica Ninković
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Boulevard 142, Belgrade, 11060, Serbia.
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Yang H, Zhao X, Liu C, Bai L, Zhao M, Li L. Diversity and characteristics of colonization of root-associated fungi of Vaccinium uliginosum. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15283. [PMID: 30327504 PMCID: PMC6191440 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33634-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated ericoid mycorrhizal fungi (EMF) diversity in Vaccinium uliginosum across its main wild distribution range in China. Fungal communities in hair roots of V. uliginosum were analyzed using Illumina MiSeq sequencing. Only 22 OTUs were assigned to putative EMF genera. Rhizoscyphus and Meliniomyces dominated EMF communities, followed by Clavaria, Oidiodendron, Lachnum, Acephala, and Phialocephala. There were more dark septate endophytes (DSE) reads from the Greater Khingan Mountains than from other study areas, similar to the results of the percent colonization of DSE by the magnified intersections method. Overall, high-throughput sequencing data provided a rough community-scale sketch of root-associated fungi of V. uliginosum. Two hundred and eighty slow-growing isolates were isolated from root pieces of V. uliginosum, and the isolates matched 16 fungal genera on the basis of morphological and internal transcribed spacer sequence comparison. The isolates of Cryptosporiopsis ericae, Oidiodendron maius, Lachnum sp., Sordariomycetes sp., and Pleosporales sp., formed ericoid hyphal coils via resynthesis trails. The co-existence between EMF and DSE in hair roots was observed via trypan blue staining. A putative model for the co-existence between EMF and DSE in the hair roots of V. uliginosum was proposed. We suggest that under certain environmental stresses, such as low temperature and poor available nutrients, ericoid plants may favor co-colonization by both DSE and EMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyi Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Xingyu Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Changli Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Long Bai
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Min Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
| | - Lili Li
- Institute of Forestry Science of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, 150081, China.
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Han C, Ren J, Wang Z, Yang S, Ke F, Xu D, Xie X. Characterization of phosphorus availability in response to radial oxygen losses in the rhizosphere of Vallisneria spiralis. Chemosphere 2018; 208:740-748. [PMID: 29902758 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.05.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The viewpoint that radial oxygen loss (ROL) of submerged macrophytes induces changes in redox conditions and the associated phosphorus (P) availability has been indirectly confirmed at larger spatial scales using conventional, destructive techniques. However, critical information about microniches has largely been overlooked due to the lack of satisfactory in situ mapping technologies. In this study, we deployed a recently developed hybrid sensor in the rhizosphere of Vallisneria spiralis (V. spiralis) during two vegetation periods to provide 2-D imaging of the spatiotemporal co-distribution of oxygen (O2) and P from a fixed observation point. Overall, the images of O2 and P showed a high degree of spatiotemporal heterogeneity throughout the rhizosphere at the sub-mm scale. A clear decrease in the P mobilization corresponded well to the steep O2 enhancement within a 2-mm-thick zone around younger V. spiralis root, indicating a significant coupling relationship between ROL and P availability. Surprisingly, despite significant diurnal shifts in ROL along the older V. spiralis roots, P availability did not fluctuate in a substantial part of the rhizosphere throughout the day; however, ROL increased the P immobilization significantly by changing the redox gradients at the outer rhizosphere. This study clearly demonstrates how continuous ROL of V. spiralis can play a major role in regulating P availability within the rhizosphere. The premise behind this statement is the discovery of how this continuous ROL can lead to the formation of three distinctive redox landscapes in the rooting sediment (oxic, suboxic, or anaerobic layers).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Jinghua Ren
- Geological Survey of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210018, China
| | - Zhaode Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Shika Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Fan Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Di Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Xianchuan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
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