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Tavarez M, Grusak MA, Sankaran RP. The Effect of Exogenous Cadmium and Zinc Applications on Cadmium, Zinc and Essential Mineral Bioaccessibility in Three Lines of Rice That Differ in Grain Cadmium Accumulation. Foods 2023; 12:4026. [PMID: 37959145 PMCID: PMC10650392 DOI: 10.3390/foods12214026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Millions of people around the world rely on rice (Oryza sativa) for a significant portion of daily calories, but rice is a relatively poor source of essential micronutrients like iron and zinc. Rice has been shown to accumulate alarmingly high concentrations of toxic elements, such as cadmium. Cadmium in foods can lead to renal failure, bone mineral density loss, cancer, and significant neurotoxicological effects. Several strategies to limit cadmium and increase micronutrient density in staple food crops like rice have been explored, but even when cadmium concentrations are reduced by a management strategy, total cadmium levels in rice grain are an unreliable means of estimating human health risk because only a fraction of the minerals in grains are bioaccessible. The goal of this work was to assess the influence of cadmium and zinc supplied to plant roots on the bioaccessibility of cadmium and essential minerals from grains of three rice lines (GSOR 310546/low grain Cd, GSOR 311667/medium grain Cd, and GSOR 310428/high grain Cd) that differed in grain cadmium accumulation. Treatments consisted of 0 μM Cd + 2 μM Zn (c0z2), 1 μM Cd + 2 μM Zn (c1z2), or 1 μM Cd + 10 μM Zn (c1z10). Our results revealed that an increased grain cadmium concentration does not always correlate with increased cadmium bioaccessibility. Among the three rice lines tested, Cd bioaccessibility increased from 2.5% in grains from the c1z2 treatment to 17.7% in grains from the c1z10 treatment. Furthermore, Cd bioccessibility in the low-Cd-accumulating line was significantly higher than the high line in c1z10 treatment. Zinc bioaccessibility increased in the high-cadmium-accumulating line when cadmium was elevated in grains, and in the low-cadmium line when both cadmium and zinc were increased in the rice grains. Our results showed that both exogenous cadmium and elevated zinc treatments increased the bioaccessibility of other minerals from grains of the low- or high-grain cadmium lines of rice. Differences in mineral bioaccessibility were dependent on rice line. Calculations also showed that increased cadmium bioaccessibility correlated with increased risk of dietary exposure to consumers. Furthermore, our results suggest that zinc fertilization increased dietary exposure to cadmium in both high and low lines. This information can inform future experiments to analyze genotypic effects of mineral bioavailability from rice, with the goal of reducing cadmium absorption while simultaneously increasing zinc absorption from rice grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Tavarez
- The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA;
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehman College, City University of New York Bronx, New York, NY 10468, USA
| | - Michael A. Grusak
- USDA-ARS Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, Fargo, ND 58102, USA;
| | - Renuka P. Sankaran
- The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA;
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehman College, City University of New York Bronx, New York, NY 10468, USA
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2
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Spanner R, Neubauer J, Heick TM, Grusak MA, Hamilton O, Rivera-Varas V, de Jonge R, Pethybridge S, Webb KM, Leubner-Metzger G, Secor GA, Bolton MD. Seedborne Cercospora beticola Can Initiate Cercospora Leaf Spot from Sugar Beet ( Beta vulgaris) Fruit Tissue. Phytopathology 2022; 112:1016-1028. [PMID: 34844416 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-03-21-0113-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cercospora leaf spot (CLS) is a globally important disease of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) caused by the fungus Cercospora beticola. Long-distance movement of C. beticola has been indirectly evidenced in recent population genetic studies, suggesting potential dispersal via seed. Commercial sugar beet "seed" consists of the reproductive fruit (true seed surrounded by maternal pericarp tissue) coated in artificial pellet material. In this study, we confirmed the presence of viable C. beticola in sugar beet fruit for 10 of 37 tested seed lots. All isolates harbored the G143A mutation associated with quinone outside inhibitor resistance, and 32 of 38 isolates had reduced demethylation inhibitor sensitivity (EC50 > 1 µg/ml). Planting of commercial sugar beet seed demonstrated the ability of seedborne inoculum to initiate CLS in sugar beet. C. beticola DNA was detected in DNA isolated from xylem sap, suggesting the vascular system is used to systemically colonize the host. We established nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region amplicon sequencing using the MinION platform to detect fungi in sugar beet fruit. Fungal sequences from 19 different genera were identified from 11 different sugar beet seed lots, but Fusarium, Alternaria, and Cercospora were consistently the three most dominant taxa, comprising an average of 93% relative read abundance over 11 seed lots. We also present evidence that C. beticola resides in the pericarp of sugar beet fruit rather than the true seed. The presence of seedborne inoculum should be considered when implementing integrated disease management strategies for CLS of sugar beet in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Spanner
- Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Fargo, ND, U.S.A
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, U.S.A
| | - Jonathan Neubauer
- Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Fargo, ND, U.S.A
| | - Thies M Heick
- Institute for Agroecology, Aarhus University, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Michael A Grusak
- Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Fargo, ND, U.S.A
| | - Olivia Hamilton
- Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Fargo, ND, U.S.A
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, U.S.A
| | | | - Ronnie de Jonge
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah Pethybridge
- Plant Pathology & Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell AgriTech, Cornell University, Geneva, NY, U.S.A
| | - Kimberley M Webb
- Soil Management and Sugar Beet Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Fort Collins, CO, U.S.A
| | | | - Gary A Secor
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, U.S.A
| | - Melvin D Bolton
- Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Fargo, ND, U.S.A
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, U.S.A
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Narayanan N, Beyene G, Chauhan RD, Grusak MA, Taylor NJ. Stacking disease resistance and mineral biofortification in cassava varieties to enhance yields and consumer health. Plant Biotechnol J 2021; 19:844-854. [PMID: 33190345 PMCID: PMC8051606 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Delivering the benefits of agricultural biotechnology to smallholder farmers requires that resources be directed towards staple food crops. To achieve effect at scale, beneficial traits must be integrated into multiple, elite farmer-preferred varieties with relevance across geographical regions. The staple root crop cassava (Manihot esculenta) is consumed for dietary calories by more than 800 million people, but its tuberous roots provide insufficient iron and zinc to meet nutritional needs. In Africa, cassava yields are furthermore limited by the virus diseases, cassava mosaic disease (CMD) and cassava brown streak disease (CBSD). In this study, we strove to develop cassava displaying high-level resistance to CBSD and CMD to attain food and economic security for cassava farmers, along with biofortified levels of iron and zinc to enhance consumer health. RNAi-mediated technology was used to achieve resistance to CBSD in two East African and one Nigerian farmer-preferred cultivars that harboured resistance to CMD. The Nigerian cvs. TMS 95/0505 and TMS 91/02324 were modified with T-DNA imparting resistance to CBSD, along with AtIRT1 (major iron transporter) and AtFER1 (ferritin) transgenes to achieve nutritionally significant levels of iron and zinc in cassava storage roots (145 and 40 µg/g dry weight, respectively). The inherent resistance to CMD was maintained in all four disease resistant and mineral enhanced cassava cultivars described here, demonstrating that this technique could be deployed across multiple farmer-preferred varieties to benefit the food and nutritional security of consumers in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Getu Beyene
- Donald Danforth Plant Science CenterSt. LouisMOUSA
| | - Raj Deepika Chauhan
- Donald Danforth Plant Science CenterSt. LouisMOUSA
- Present address:
PairwiseDurhamNCUSA
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Clemensen AK, Provenza FD, Hendrickson JR, Grusak MA. Ecological Implications of Plant Secondary Metabolites - Phytochemical Diversity Can Enhance Agricultural Sustainability. Front Sustain Food Syst 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2020.547826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Fugate KK, Eide JD, Martins DN, Grusak MA, Deckard EL, Finger FL. Colocalization of sucrose synthase expression and sucrose storage in the sugarbeet taproot indicates a potential role for sucrose catabolism in sucrose accumulation. J Plant Physiol 2019; 240:153016. [PMID: 31400718 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2019.153016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sucrose metabolism is believed to have a central role in promoting sink strength and sucrose storage in the sugarbeet taproot. How sucrose accumulation is increased by sucrose-degrading enzymes, however, is a paradox. To elucidate roles for sucrose-degrading activities in sucrose accumulation, relationships between the intercellular location of sucrose-catabolizing enzymes and sites of sucrose accumulation were determined in the sugarbeet taproot. Sucrose storage was evident in parenchyma cells of the outer cortex, rays, and rings of parenchyma tissue, but was absent in phloem, the vascular cambium, cells surrounding these tissues, or cells surrounding xylem. Sucrose synthase, which was primarily responsible for sucrose catabolism throughout the taproot, was expressed in similar cell and tissue types to those accumulating sucrose. Colocalization of sucrose synthase with sucrose accumulation, as well as sucrose synthase localization near the tonoplast, suggests a role for the enzyme in generating metabolic energy to fuel sucrose sequestration in the vacuole. Localization near the plasma membrane also suggests a role for sucrose synthase in supplying substrates for cell wall biosynthesis. By utilizing sucrose for ATP or cell wall biosynthesis, sucrose synthase likely maintains the source-to-sink sucrose gradient that drives sucrose transport into the root, thereby promoting sugarbeet root sink strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen K Fugate
- USDA-ARS, Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, 1616 Albrecht Blvd. N., Fargo, ND, 58102-2765, USA.
| | - John D Eide
- USDA-ARS, Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, 1616 Albrecht Blvd. N., Fargo, ND, 58102-2765, USA.
| | - Daniel N Martins
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36571-000, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
| | - Michael A Grusak
- USDA-ARS, Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, 1616 Albrecht Blvd. N., Fargo, ND, 58102-2765, USA.
| | - Edward L Deckard
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, P.O. Box 6050, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA.
| | - Fernando L Finger
- Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
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6
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Harshman SG, Shea MK, Fu X, Grusak MA, Smith D, Lamon-Fava S, Kuliopulos A, Greenberg A, Booth SL. Atorvastatin Decreases Renal Menaquinone-4 Formation in C57BL/6 Male Mice. J Nutr 2019; 149:416-421. [PMID: 30753659 PMCID: PMC6398385 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxy290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Menaquinone-4 (MK4), a vitamin K metabolite, is converted from phylloquinone through a process that requires intermediates of endogenous cholesterol production. Recent evidence suggests that MK4 is involved in kidney function. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of atorvastatin treatment on MK4 formation in young and old male mice. METHODS C57BL/6 male mice (4-mo-old and 20-mo-old) were randomly assigned to either a diet containing 300 mg atorvastatin/kg with 3 mg phylloquinone/kg or a control diet containing 3 mg phylloquinone/kg for 8 wk. During week 8, all mice received deuterium-labeled phylloquinone in the diet. Labeled and unlabeled phylloquinone and MK4 in liver, kidney, brain, and intestine were measured by atmospheric pressure chemical ionization LC/MS. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase gene expression was quantified by reverse transcriptase-PCR. Tissue MK4 and phylloquinone concentrations were compared between atorvastatin treatment groups with use of general linear models. RESULTS There was no age-treatment interaction on MK4 tissue concentrations. In atorvastatin-treated mice, total MK4 and percentage of deuterium-labeled MK4 in kidney were both approximately 45% lower compared to values in mice not given atorvastatin (all P < 0.05). MK4 concentrations did not differ between groups in any other tissue measured. CONCLUSION In male mice, atorvastatin reduced endogenous MK4 formation in the kidney, but not other organs. These observations are consistent with our hypothesis that cholesterol metabolism is involved in the generation of MK4. Further research is needed to understand potential regulatory mechanisms and the unique functions of MK4 in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Kyla Shea
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging
| | - Xueyan Fu
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging
| | - Michael A Grusak
- USDA/ARS Red River Valley Agricultural Research Center, Fargo, ND
| | - Donald Smith
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging
| | | | - Athan Kuliopulos
- Sackler School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | | | - Sarah L Booth
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging,Address correspondence to SLB (e-mail: )
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7
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Narayanan N, Beyene G, Chauhan RD, Gaitán-Solís E, Gehan J, Butts P, Siritunga D, Okwuonu I, Woll A, Jiménez-Aguilar DM, Boy E, Grusak MA, Anderson P, Taylor NJ. Author Correction: Biofortification of field-grown cassava by engineering expression of an iron transporter and ferritin. Nat Biotechnol 2019; 37:323. [PMID: 30787468 PMCID: PMC7609328 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-019-0066-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Getu Beyene
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | | | - Jackson Gehan
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Paula Butts
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Ihuoma Okwuonu
- National Root Crops Research Institute, Umudike, Nigeria
| | - Arthur Woll
- Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - Erick Boy
- Harvest Plus/International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Michael A Grusak
- USDA-ARS Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Paul Anderson
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nigel J Taylor
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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8
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Narayanan N, Beyene G, Chauhan RD, Gaitán-Solís E, Gehan J, Butts P, Siritunga D, Okwuonu I, Woll A, Jiménez-Aguilar DM, Boy E, Grusak MA, Anderson P, Taylor NJ. Biofortification of field-grown cassava by engineering expression of an iron transporter and ferritin. Nat Biotechnol 2019; 37:144-151. [PMID: 30692693 PMCID: PMC6784895 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-018-0002-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Less than 10% of the estimated average requirement (EAR) for iron and zinc is provided by consumption of storage roots of the staple crop cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) in West African human populations. We used genetic engineering to improve mineral micronutrient concentrations in cassava. Overexpression of the Arabidopsis thaliana vacuolar iron transporter VIT1 in cassava accumulated three- to seven-times-higher levels of iron in transgenic storage roots than nontransgenic controls in confined field trials in Puerto Rico. Plants engineered to coexpress a mutated A. thaliana iron transporter (IRT1) and A. thaliana ferritin (FER1) accumulated iron levels 7-18 times higher and zinc levels 3-10 times higher than those in nontransgenic controls in the field. Growth parameters and storage-root yields were unaffected by transgenic fortification in our field data. Measures of retention and bioaccessibility of iron and zinc in processed transgenic cassava indicated that IRT1 + FER1 plants could provide 40-50% of the EAR for iron and 60-70% of the EAR for zinc in 1- to 6-year-old children and nonlactating, nonpregnant West African women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Getu Beyene
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | | | - Jackson Gehan
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Paula Butts
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Ihuoma Okwuonu
- National Root Crops Research Institute, Umudike, Nigeria
| | - Arthur Woll
- Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - Erick Boy
- Harvest Plus/International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Michael A Grusak
- USDA-ARS Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Paul Anderson
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nigel J Taylor
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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9
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Ellis JL, Fu X, Al Rajabi A, Grusak MA, Shearer MJ, Naumova EN, Saltzman E, Barger K, Booth SL. Plasma Response to Deuterium-Labeled Vitamin K Intake Varies by TG Response, but Not Age or Vitamin K Status, in Older and Younger Adults. J Nutr 2019; 149:18-25. [PMID: 30590596 PMCID: PMC6351140 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxy216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Phylloquinone is the primary form of vitamin K in the diet and circulation. Large intra- and interindividual variances in circulating phylloquinone have been partially attributed to age. However, little is known about the nondietary factors that influence phylloquinone absorption and metabolism. Similarly, it is not known if phylloquinone absorption is altered by the individual's existing vitamin K status. Objective The purpose of this secondary substudy was to compare plasma response with deuterium-labeled phylloquinone intake in older and younger adults after dietary phylloquinone depletion and repletion. Methods Forty-two older [mean ± SD age: 67.2 ± 8.0 y; body mass index (BMI; in kg/m2): 25.4 ± 4.6; n = 12 men, 9 women] and younger (mean ± SEM age: 31.8 ± 6.6 y; BMI: 25.5 ± 3.3; n = 9 men, 12 women) adults were maintained on sequential 28-d phylloquinone depletion (∼10 µg phylloquinone/d) and 28-d phylloquinone repletion (∼500 µg phylloquinone/d) diets. On the 23rd d of each diet phase, participants consumed deuterated phylloquinone-rich collard greens (2H-phylloquinone). Plasma and urinary outcome measures over 72 h were compared by age group, sex, and dietary phase via 2-factor repeated-measures ANOVA. Results The plasma 2H-phylloquinone area under the curve (AUC) did not differ in response to phylloquinone depletion or repletion, but was 34% higher in older than in younger adults (P = 0.02). However, plasma 2H-phylloquinone AUC was highly correlated with the serum triglyceride (TG) AUC (r2 = 0.45). After adjustment for serum TG response, the age effect on the plasma 2H-phylloquinone AUC was no longer significant. Conclusions Plasma 2H-phylloquinone response did not differ between phylloquinone depletion and repletion in older and younger adults. The age effect observed was explained by the serum TG response and was completely attenuated after adjustment. Plasma response to phylloquinone intake, therefore, seems to be a predominantly lipid-driven effect and not dependent on existing vitamin K status. More research is required to differentiate the effect of endogenous compared with exogenous lipids on phylloquinone absorption. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00336232.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie L Ellis
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA,The Friedman School of Nutrition Science & Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Xueyan Fu
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Ala Al Rajabi
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Michael A Grusak
- USDA/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Martin J Shearer
- Center for Hemostatis and Thrombosis, Guy's and St Thomas’ National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elena N Naumova
- The Friedman School of Nutrition Science & Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Edward Saltzman
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA,The Friedman School of Nutrition Science & Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Kathryn Barger
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Sarah L Booth
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA,Address correspondence to SLB (e-mail: )
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Cobb AB, Wilson GW, Goad CL, Grusak MA. Influence of alternative soil amendments on mycorrhizal fungi and cowpea production. Heliyon 2018; 4:e00704. [PMID: 30094374 PMCID: PMC6076214 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative soil amendments (worm compost, pyrolyzed carbon [biochar]) and crop symbioses with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi have the potential to reduce food production costs while promoting sustainable agriculture by improving soil quality and reducing commercial (N and P) fertilizer use. Our greenhouse studies investigated the influence of alternative soil amendments on AM fungi associated with cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp.) and common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) by examining productivity and plant nutrition. We conducted an experiment to select a cowpea or common bean genotype based on AM fungal colonization, seed production, and seed nutritional content. We then grew the selected cowpea genotype (Resina) in low-fertility soil with 10 different soil amendments (combinations of biochar, worm compost, and/or commercial fertilizers) plus a non-amended control. There were no significant differences in AM fungal colonization of cowpea plants grow with different soil amendments. However, an amendment blend containing worm compost, biochar, and 50% of the typically recommended commercial fertilizer rate produced plants with similar aboveground biomass, protein concentration, and total protein production, with increased tissue K, P, and Zn concentration and total content, compared to plants receiving only the recommended (100%) rate of commercial fertilizer. As previous research links uptake of P and Zn with plant-mycorrhizal symbioses, our results indicate cowpea nutritional benefits may be derived from AM partnership and alternative soil amendments. These synergies between alternative soil amendments and AM fungi may help reduce farm costs while maintaining or improving crop yield and nutrition, thus increasing global food and nutrition security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam B. Cobb
- Oklahoma State University, 008C AGH, Stillwater, Oklahoma, 74078, USA
| | - Gail W.T. Wilson
- Oklahoma State University, 008C AGH, Stillwater, Oklahoma, 74078, USA
| | - Carla L. Goad
- Oklahoma State University, 008C AGH, Stillwater, Oklahoma, 74078, USA
| | - Michael A. Grusak
- USDA-ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Street, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
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11
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Vandemark GJ, Grusak MA, McGee RJ. Mineral concentrations of chickpea and lentil cultivars and breeding lines grown in the U.S. Pacific Northwest. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cj.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Vincelli P, Jackson-Smith D, Holsapple M, Grusak MA, Harsh M, Klein T, Lambert J, Lange BM, Lodge DM, McCluskey J, Murphy A, Neuhouser ML, Pray C, Weller S. National Academies report has broad support. Nat Biotechnol 2018; 35:304-306. [PMID: 28398324 DOI: 10.1038/nbt.3842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Vincelli
- Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Program (SARE) and the University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Douglas Jackson-Smith
- Rural Sociological Society and School of Environment and Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael Holsapple
- Society of Toxicology, Center for Research on Ingredient Safety (CRIS) and Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Michael A Grusak
- Crop Science Society of America, USDA-ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center and Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Matthew Harsh
- Society for Social Studies of Science and Centre for Engineering in Society, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Theodore Klein
- Society for In Vitro Biology and Meristematic, Inc., San Francisco, California, USA
| | - James Lambert
- Society for Risk Analysis and University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - B Markus Lange
- Phytochemical Society of North America and Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - David M Lodge
- Ecological Society of America and Atkinson Center for a Sustainable Future, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Jill McCluskey
- School of Economic Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Angus Murphy
- Department of Plant Sciences and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Marian L Neuhouser
- American Society for Nutrition and Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Carl Pray
- International Consortium for Applied Bioeconomy Research and Department of Agriculture, Food, and Resource Economics, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Susan Weller
- Entomological Society of America and University of Nebraska State Museum, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
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Qin J, Shi A, Mou B, Grusak MA, Weng Y, Ravelombola W, Bhattarai G, Dong L, Yang W. Genetic diversity and association mapping of mineral element concentrations in spinach leaves. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:941. [PMID: 29202697 PMCID: PMC5715654 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4297-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinach is a useful source of dietary vitamins and mineral elements. Breeding new spinach cultivars with high nutritional value is one of the main goals in spinach breeding programs worldwide, and identification of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers for mineral element concentrations is necessary to support spinach molecular breeding. The purpose of this study was to conduct a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and to identify SNP markers associated with mineral elements in the USDA-GRIN spinach germplasm collection. RESULTS A total of 14 mineral elements: boron (B), calcium (Ca), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), sodium (Na), nickel (Ni), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), and zinc (Zn) were evaluated in 292 spinach accessions originally collected from 29 countries. Significant genetic variations were found among the tested genotypes as evidenced by the 2 to 42 times difference in mineral concentrations. A total of 2402 SNPs identified from genotyping by sequencing (GBS) approach were used for genetic diversity and GWAS. Six statistical methods were used for association analysis. Forty-five SNP markers were identified to be strongly associated with the concentrations of 13 mineral elements. Only two weakly associated SNP markers were associated with K concentration. Co-localized SNPs for different elemental concentrations were discovered in this research. Three SNP markers, AYZV02017731_40, AYZV02094133_57, and AYZV02281036_185 were identified to be associated with concentrations of four mineral components, Co, Mn, S, and Zn. There is a high validating correlation coefficient with r > 0.7 among concentrations of the four elements. Thirty-one spinach accessions, which rank in the top three highest concentrations in each of the 14 mineral elements, were identified as potential parents for spinach breeding programs in the future. CONCLUSIONS The 45 SNP markers strongly associated with the concentrations of the 13 mineral elements: B, Ca, Co, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, S, and Zn could be used in breeding programs to improve the nutritional quality of spinach through marker-assisted selection (MAS). The 31 spinach accessions with high concentrations of one to several mineral elements can be used as potential parents for spinach breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Qin
- Department of Horticulture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA.
| | - Ainong Shi
- Department of Horticulture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA.
| | - Beiquan Mou
- Crop Improvement and Protection Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Salinas, CA, 93905, USA
| | - Michael A Grusak
- USDA-ARS Red River Valley Agricultural Research Center, Fargo, ND, 58102, USA
| | - Yuejin Weng
- Department of Horticulture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Waltram Ravelombola
- Department of Horticulture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Gehendra Bhattarai
- Department of Horticulture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Lingdi Dong
- Department of Horticulture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Horticulture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
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Lopez-Teros V, Ford JL, Green MH, Tang G, Grusak MA, Quihui-Cota L, Muzhingi T, Paz-Cassini M, Astiazaran-Garcia H. Use of a "Super-child" Approach to Assess the Vitamin A Equivalence of Moringa oleifera Leaves, Develop a Compartmental Model for Vitamin A Kinetics, and Estimate Vitamin A Total Body Stores in Young Mexican Children. J Nutr 2017; 147:2356-2363. [PMID: 28931584 DOI: 10.3945/jn.117.256974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Worldwide, an estimated 250 million children <5 y old are vitamin A (VA) deficient. In Mexico, despite ongoing efforts to reduce VA deficiency, it remains an important public health problem; thus, food-based interventions that increase the availability and consumption of provitamin A-rich foods should be considered.Objective: The objectives were to assess the VA equivalence of 2H-labeled Moringa oleifera (MO) leaves and to estimate both total body stores (TBS) of VA and plasma retinol kinetics in young Mexican children.Methods: β-Carotene was intrinsically labeled by growing MO plants in a 2H2O nutrient solution. Fifteen well-nourished children (17-35 mo old) consumed puréed MO leaves (1 mg β-carotene) and a reference dose of [13C10]retinyl acetate (1 mg) in oil. Blood (2 samples/child) was collected 10 times (2 or 3 children each time) over 35 d. The bioefficacy of MO leaves was calculated from areas under the composite "super-child" plasma isotope response curves, and MO VA equivalence was estimated through the use of these values; a compartmental model was developed to predict VA TBS and retinol kinetics through the use of composite plasma [13C10]retinol data. TBS were also estimated with isotope dilution.Results: The relative bioefficacy of β-carotene retinol activity equivalents from MO was 28%; VA equivalence was 3.3:1 by weight (0.56 μmol retinol:1 μmol β-carotene). Kinetics of plasma retinol indicate more rapid plasma appearance and turnover and more extensive recycling in these children than are observed in adults. Model-predicted mean TBS (823 μmol) was similar to values predicted using a retinol isotope dilution equation applied to data from 3 to 6 d after dosing (mean ± SD: 832 ± 176 μmol; n = 7).Conclusions: The super-child approach can be used to estimate population carotenoid bioefficacy and VA equivalence, VA status, and parameters of retinol metabolism from a composite data set. Our results provide initial estimates of retinol kinetics in well-nourished young children with adequate VA stores and demonstrate that MO leaves may be an important source of VA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Lopez-Teros
- Nutritional Sciences, Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Jennifer Lynn Ford
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - Michael H Green
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - Guangwen Tang
- Former Carotenoids and Health Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Michael A Grusak
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Luis Quihui-Cota
- Department of Nutrition, Research Center for Food and Development, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico; and
| | - Tawanda Muzhingi
- International Potato Centre (CIP), International Livestock Research Institute Campus, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Mariela Paz-Cassini
- Department of Nutrition, Research Center for Food and Development, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico; and
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15
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Yu H, Yang J, Shi Y, Donelson J, Thompson SM, Sprague S, Roshan T, Wang DL, Liu J, Park S, Nakata PA, Connolly EL, Hirschi KD, Grusak MA, Cheng N. Arabidopsis Glutaredoxin S17 Contributes to Vegetative Growth, Mineral Accumulation, and Redox Balance during Iron Deficiency. Front Plant Sci 2017; 8:1045. [PMID: 28674546 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01045/full] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is an essential mineral nutrient and a metal cofactor required for many proteins and enzymes involved in the processes of DNA synthesis, respiration, and photosynthesis. Iron limitation can have detrimental effects on plant growth and development. Such effects are mediated, at least in part, through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Thus, plants have evolved a complex regulatory network to respond to conditions of iron limitations. However, the mechanisms that couple iron deficiency and oxidative stress responses are not fully understood. Here, we report the discovery that an Arabidopsis thaliana monothiol glutaredoxin S17 (AtGRXS17) plays a critical role in the plants ability to respond to iron deficiency stress and maintain redox homeostasis. In a yeast expression assay, AtGRXS17 was able to suppress the iron accumulation in yeast ScGrx3/ScGrx4 mutant cells. Genetic analysis indicated that plants with reduced AtGRXS17 expression were hypersensitive to iron deficiency and showed increased iron concentrations in mature seeds. Disruption of AtGRXS17 caused plant sensitivity to exogenous oxidants and increased ROS production under iron deficiency. Addition of reduced glutathione rescued the growth and alleviates the sensitivity of atgrxs17 mutants to iron deficiency. These findings suggest AtGRXS17 helps integrate redox homeostasis and iron deficiency responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yu
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, HoustonTX, United States
| | - Jian Yang
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, HoustonTX, United States
| | - Yafei Shi
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal UniversityJinhua, China
| | - Jimmonique Donelson
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, HoustonTX, United States
| | - Sean M Thompson
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College StationTX, United States
| | - Stuart Sprague
- Department of Horticulture, Forestry and Recreation Resources, Kansas State University, ManhattanKS, United States
| | - Tony Roshan
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, HoustonTX, United States
| | - Da-Li Wang
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal UniversityJinhua, China
| | - Jianzhong Liu
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal UniversityJinhua, China
| | - Sunghun Park
- Department of Horticulture, Forestry and Recreation Resources, Kansas State University, ManhattanKS, United States
| | - Paul A Nakata
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, HoustonTX, United States
| | - Erin L Connolly
- Department of Plant Science, Penn State University, University ParkPA, United States
| | - Kendal D Hirschi
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, HoustonTX, United States
- Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Texas A&M University, College StationTX, United States
| | - Michael A Grusak
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, HoustonTX, United States
- USDA/ARS Red River Valley Agricultural Research Center, FargoND, United States
| | - Ninghui Cheng
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, HoustonTX, United States
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16
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Jiménez-Aguilar DM, Grusak MA. Minerals, vitamin C, phenolics, flavonoids and antioxidant activity of Amaranthus leafy vegetables. J Food Compost Anal 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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17
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Ellis JL, Fu X, Al Rajabi A, Naumova EN, Grusak MA, Saltzman E, Booth SL. Absorption and Excretion of Vitamin K Varies by Age and Triglycerides: A Metabolic Study in Older and Younger Adults Using Deuterium‐Labeled Collard Greens. FASEB J 2017. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.31.1_supplement.148.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Xueyan Fu
- JM USDA HNRCATufts UniversityBostonMA
| | | | - Elena N Naumova
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science & Policy, Tufts UniversityBostonMA
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18
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Harshman SG, Shea MK, Fu X, Smith D, Grusak MA, Lamon‐Fava S, Greenberg AS, Kuliopulos A, Booth SL. Atorvastatin Decreases Menaquinone‐4 Formation in C57Bl6 Male Mice. FASEB J 2017. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.31.1_supplement.646.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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19
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Wang X, Zhong F, Woo CH, Miao Y, Grusak MA, Zhang X, Tu J, Wong YS, Jiang L. A rapid and efficient method to study the function of crop plant transporters in Arabidopsis. Protoplasma 2017; 254:737-747. [PMID: 27240439 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-016-0987-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is an essential micronutrient for humans. Fe deficiency disease is widespread and has led to extensive studies on the mechanisms of Fe uptake and storage, especially in staple food crops such as rice. However, studies of functionally related genes in rice and other crops are often time and space demanding. Here, we demonstrate that transgenic Arabidopsis suspension culture cells and Arabidopsis plants can be used as an efficient expression system for gain-of-function study of selected transporters, using Fe transporters as a proof-of-principle. The vacuolar membrane transporters OsVIT1 and OsVIT2 have been described to be important for iron sequestration, and disruption of these two genes leads to Fe accumulation in rice seeds. In this study, we have taken advantage of the fluorescent-tagged protein GFP-OsVIT1, which functionally complements the Fe hypersensitivity of ccc1 yeast mutant, to generate transgenic Arabidopsis suspension cell lines and plants. GFP-OsVIT1 was shown to localize on the vacuolar membrane using confocal microscopy and immunogold EM. More importantly, the Fe concentration, as well as the concentration of Zn, in the transgenic cell lines and plants were significantly increased compared to that in the WT. Taken together, our study shows that the heterologous expression of rice vacuolar membrane transporter OsVIT1 in Arabidopsis system is functional and effectively enhances iron accumulation, indicating an useful approach for studying other putative transporters of crop plants in this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfeng Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fudi Zhong
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cheuk Hang Woo
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yansong Miao
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Michael A Grusak
- Department of Pediatrics, United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Street, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaobo Zhang
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jumin Tu
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yum Shing Wong
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liwen Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, China.
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20
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Ma Y, Coyne CJ, Grusak MA, Mazourek M, Cheng P, Main D, McGee RJ. Genome-wide SNP identification, linkage map construction and QTL mapping for seed mineral concentrations and contents in pea (Pisum sativum L.). BMC Plant Biol 2017; 17:43. [PMID: 28193168 PMCID: PMC5307697 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-016-0956-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marker-assisted breeding is now routinely used in major crops to facilitate more efficient cultivar improvement. This has been significantly enabled by the use of next-generation sequencing technology to identify loci and markers associated with traits of interest. While rich in a range of nutritional components, such as protein, mineral nutrients, carbohydrates and several vitamins, pea (Pisum sativum L.), one of the oldest domesticated crops in the world, remains behind many other crops in the availability of genomic and genetic resources. To further improve mineral nutrient levels in pea seeds requires the development of genome-wide tools. The objectives of this research were to develop these tools by: identifying genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using genotyping by sequencing (GBS); constructing a high-density linkage map and comparative maps with other legumes, and identifying quantitative trait loci (QTL) for levels of boron, calcium, iron, potassium, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, phosphorous, sulfur, and zinc in the seed, as well as for seed weight. RESULTS In this study, 1609 high quality SNPs were found to be polymorphic between 'Kiflica' and 'Aragorn', two parents of an F6-derived recombinant inbred line (RIL) population. Mapping 1683 markers including 75 previously published markers and 1608 SNPs developed from the present study generated a linkage map of size 1310.1 cM. Comparative mapping with other legumes demonstrated that the highest level of synteny was observed between pea and the genome of Medicago truncatula. QTL analysis of the RIL population across two locations revealed at least one QTL for each of the mineral nutrient traits. In total, 46 seed mineral concentration QTLs, 37 seed mineral content QTLs, and 6 seed weight QTLs were discovered. The QTLs explained from 2.4% to 43.3% of the phenotypic variance. CONCLUSION The genome-wide SNPs and the genetic linkage map developed in this study permitted QTL identification for pea seed mineral nutrients that will serve as important resources to enable marker-assisted selection (MAS) for nutritional quality traits in pea breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ma
- Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, WA USA
| | - Clarice J Coyne
- USDA-ARS Plant Germplasm Introduction and Testing, Pullman, WA USA
| | | | - Michael Mazourek
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY USA
| | - Peng Cheng
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO USA
| | - Dorrie Main
- Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, WA USA
| | - Rebecca J McGee
- USDA-ARS Grain Legume Genetics and Physiology Research, Pullman, WA USA
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21
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Yu H, Yang J, Shi Y, Donelson J, Thompson SM, Sprague S, Roshan T, Wang DL, Liu J, Park S, Nakata PA, Connolly EL, Hirschi KD, Grusak MA, Cheng N. Arabidopsis Glutaredoxin S17 Contributes to Vegetative Growth, Mineral Accumulation, and Redox Balance during Iron Deficiency. Front Plant Sci 2017; 8:1045. [PMID: 28674546 PMCID: PMC5474874 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is an essential mineral nutrient and a metal cofactor required for many proteins and enzymes involved in the processes of DNA synthesis, respiration, and photosynthesis. Iron limitation can have detrimental effects on plant growth and development. Such effects are mediated, at least in part, through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Thus, plants have evolved a complex regulatory network to respond to conditions of iron limitations. However, the mechanisms that couple iron deficiency and oxidative stress responses are not fully understood. Here, we report the discovery that an Arabidopsis thaliana monothiol glutaredoxin S17 (AtGRXS17) plays a critical role in the plants ability to respond to iron deficiency stress and maintain redox homeostasis. In a yeast expression assay, AtGRXS17 was able to suppress the iron accumulation in yeast ScGrx3/ScGrx4 mutant cells. Genetic analysis indicated that plants with reduced AtGRXS17 expression were hypersensitive to iron deficiency and showed increased iron concentrations in mature seeds. Disruption of AtGRXS17 caused plant sensitivity to exogenous oxidants and increased ROS production under iron deficiency. Addition of reduced glutathione rescued the growth and alleviates the sensitivity of atgrxs17 mutants to iron deficiency. These findings suggest AtGRXS17 helps integrate redox homeostasis and iron deficiency responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yu
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, HoustonTX, United States
| | - Jian Yang
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, HoustonTX, United States
| | - Yafei Shi
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal UniversityJinhua, China
| | - Jimmonique Donelson
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, HoustonTX, United States
| | - Sean M. Thompson
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College StationTX, United States
| | - Stuart Sprague
- Department of Horticulture, Forestry and Recreation Resources, Kansas State University, ManhattanKS, United States
| | - Tony Roshan
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, HoustonTX, United States
| | - Da-Li Wang
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal UniversityJinhua, China
| | - Jianzhong Liu
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal UniversityJinhua, China
| | - Sunghun Park
- Department of Horticulture, Forestry and Recreation Resources, Kansas State University, ManhattanKS, United States
| | - Paul A. Nakata
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, HoustonTX, United States
| | - Erin L. Connolly
- Department of Plant Science, Penn State University, University ParkPA, United States
| | - Kendal D. Hirschi
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, HoustonTX, United States
- Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Texas A&M University, College StationTX, United States
| | - Michael A. Grusak
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, HoustonTX, United States
- USDA/ARS Red River Valley Agricultural Research Center, FargoND, United States
| | - Ninghui Cheng
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, HoustonTX, United States
- *Correspondence: Ninghui Cheng,
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22
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Wiesinger JA, Cichy KA, Glahn RP, Grusak MA, Brick MA, Thompson HJ, Tako E. Demonstrating a Nutritional Advantage to the Fast-Cooking Dry Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). J Agric Food Chem 2016; 64:8592-8603. [PMID: 27754657 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are a nutrient-dense food rich in protein and micronutrients. Despite their nutritional benefits, long cooking times limit the consumption of dry beans worldwide, especially in nations where fuelwood for cooking is often expensive or scarce. This study evaluated the nutritive value of 12 dry edible bean lines that vary for cooking time (20-89 min) from four market classes (yellow, cranberry, light red kidney, and red mottled) of economic importance in bean-consuming regions of Africa and the Americas. When compared to their slower cooking counterparts within each market class, fast-cooking dry beans retain more protein and minerals while maintaining similar starch and fiber densities when fully cooked. For example, some of the highest protein and mineral retention values were measured in the fast-cooking yellow bean cultivar Cebo Cela, which offered 20% more protein, 10% more iron, and 10% more zinc with each serving when compared with Canario, a slow-cooking yellow bean that requires twice the cooking time to become palatable. A Caco-2 cell culture model also revealed the bioavailability of iron is significantly higher in faster cooking entries (r = -0.537, P = 0.009) as compared to slower cooking entries in the same market class. These findings suggest that fast-cooking bean varieties have improved nutritive value through greater nutrient retention and improved iron bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A Wiesinger
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University , East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Karen A Cichy
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University , East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- USDA-ARS, Sugarbeet and Bean Research Unit, Michigan State University , East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Raymond P Glahn
- USDA-ARS, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Michael A Grusak
- USDA-ARS, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Mark A Brick
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Henry J Thompson
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Elad Tako
- USDA-ARS, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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23
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Olson ME, Sankaran RP, Fahey JW, Grusak MA, Odee D, Nouman W. Leaf Protein and Mineral Concentrations across the "Miracle Tree" Genus Moringa. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159782. [PMID: 27459315 PMCID: PMC4961408 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The moringa tree Moringa oleifera is a fast-growing, drought-resistant tree cultivated across the lowland dry tropics worldwide for its nutritious leaves. Despite its nutritious reputation, there has been no systematic survey of the variation in leaf nutritional quality across M. oleifera grown worldwide, or of the other species of the genus. To guide informed use of moringa, we surveyed protein, macro-, and micro- nutrients across 67 common garden samples of 12 Moringa taxa, including 23 samples of M. oleifera. Moringa oleifera, M. concanensis, M. stenopetala, an M. concanensis X oleifera hybrid, and M. longituba were highest in protein, with M. ruspoliana having the highest calcium levels. A protein-dry leaf mass tradeoff may preclude certain breeding possibilities, e.g. maximally high protein with large leaflets. These findings identify clear priorities and limitations for improved moringa varieties with traits such as high protein, calcium, or ease of preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E. Olson
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Distrito Federal, Mexico
| | - Renuka P. Sankaran
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- The Graduate School and University Center-City University of New York, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Jed W. Fahey
- Cullman Chemoprotection Center, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Michael A. Grusak
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - David Odee
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Kenya Forestry Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Wasif Nouman
- Department of Forestry, Range, and Wildlife Management, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
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Wang ML, Grusak MA, Chen CY, Tonnis B, Barkley NA, Evans S, Pinnow D, Davis J, Phillips RD, Holbrook CC, Pederson GA. Seed Protein Percentage and Mineral Concentration Variability and Their Correlation with Other Seed Quality Traits in the U.S. Peanut Mini-Core Collection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.3146/ps156-15.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Protein percentage and mineral concentrations are important parameters for determining the seed nutrition quality. Although the U.S. peanut mini-core collection is the important genetic resources for peanut breeding programs, the variability in protein percentage and mineral concentrations for this mini-core has not been well evaluated. The lack of information may hinder its optimum utilization. The seeds from this mini-core were collected from two field seasons. Their protein percentage and mineral concentrations of 95 accessions were determined by nitrogen analysis and inductively coupled plasma – optical emission spectrometry, respectively. Significant variability in the seed protein percentage among accessions was revealed, ranging from 20.6 to 30.4%, with an average of 26.2%. Significantly higher variability in plant micronutrient mineral concentrations (more than two-fold for B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, and Zn) than in macronutrient mineral concentrations (less than two-fold for K, Mg, P, and S) was also identified among accessions. Calcium however was an exception, demonstrating 3.7-fold variability among the accessions evaluated. Three accessions (PI 497517, PI 493547, and PI 429429) were identified as lines containing high seed levels of both Fe and Zn. Correlation coefficients were also determined among 28 investigated seed chemical composition traits, using data from a previous study with the same samples. Protein percentage was significantly negatively correlated with seed weight, oil, and oleate percentage. Several mineral elements (Fe, Mg, Mn, and Zn) were also significantly negatively correlated with oleate percentage. The results from this study will be useful for peanut nutrition breeding and food product development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li Wang
- USDA-ARS, Plant Genetic Resources Conservation Unit, Griffin, Georgia 30223
| | - Michael A. Grusak
- USDA-ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Charles Y. Chen
- Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849
| | - Brandon Tonnis
- USDA-ARS, Plant Genetic Resources Conservation Unit, Griffin, Georgia 30223
| | - Noelle A. Barkley
- USDA-ARS, Plant Genetic Resources Conservation Unit, Griffin, Georgia 30223
| | - Stacie Evans
- USDA-ARS, Plant Genetic Resources Conservation Unit, Griffin, Georgia 30223
| | - David Pinnow
- USDA-ARS, Plant Genetic Resources Conservation Unit, Griffin, Georgia 30223
| | - Jerry Davis
- Department of Experimental Statistics, University of Georgia, Griffin, Georgia 30223
| | - Robert D. Phillips
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Griffin, Georgia 30223
| | - C. Corley Holbrook
- USDA-ARS, Crop Genetics and Breeding Research Unit, Tifton, Georgia 31793
| | - Gary A. Pederson
- USDA-ARS, Plant Genetic Resources Conservation Unit, Griffin, Georgia 30223
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25
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Rodríguez-Celma J, Lattanzio G, Villarroya D, Gutierrez-Carbonell E, Ceballos-Laita L, Rencoret J, Gutiérrez A, Del Río JC, Grusak MA, Abadía A, Abadía J, López-Millán AF. Effects of Fe deficiency on the protein profiles and lignin composition of stem tissues from Medicago truncatula in absence or presence of calcium carbonate. J Proteomics 2016; 140:1-12. [PMID: 27045941 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Iron deficiency is a yield-limiting factor with major implications for crop production, especially in soils with high CaCO3. Because stems are essential for the delivery of nutrients to the shoots, the aim of this work was to study the effects of Fe deficiency on the stem proteome of Medicago truncatula. Two-dimensional electrophoresis separation of stem protein extracts resolved 276 consistent spots in the whole experiment. Iron deficiency in absence or presence of CaCO3 caused significant changes in relative abundance in 10 and 31 spots, respectively, and 80% of them were identified by mass spectrometry. Overall results indicate that Fe deficiency by itself has a mild effect on the stem proteome, whereas Fe deficiency in the presence of CaCO3 has a stronger impact and causes changes in a larger number of proteins, including increases in stress and protein metabolism related proteins not observed in the absence of CaCO3. Both treatments resulted in increases in cell wall related proteins, which were more intense in the presence of CaCO3. The increases induced by Fe-deficiency in the lignin per protein ratio and changes in the lignin monomer composition, assessed by pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and microscopy, respectively, further support the existence of cell wall alterations. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE In spite of being essential for the delivery of nutrients to the shoots, our knowledge of stem responses to nutrient deficiencies is very limited. The present work applies 2-DE techniques to unravel the response of this understudied tissue to Fe deficiency. Proteomics data, complemented with mineral, lignin and microscopy analyses, indicate that stems respond to Fe deficiency by increasing stress and defense related proteins, probably in response of mineral and osmotic unbalances, and eliciting significant changes in cell wall composition. The changes observed are likely to ultimately affect solute transport and distribution to the leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Rodríguez-Celma
- Plant Nutrition Department, Aula Dei Experimental Station (CSIC), P.O. Box 13034, E-50080, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Lattanzio
- Plant Nutrition Department, Aula Dei Experimental Station (CSIC), P.O. Box 13034, E-50080, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Dido Villarroya
- Plant Nutrition Department, Aula Dei Experimental Station (CSIC), P.O. Box 13034, E-50080, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Elain Gutierrez-Carbonell
- Plant Nutrition Department, Aula Dei Experimental Station (CSIC), P.O. Box 13034, E-50080, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Laura Ceballos-Laita
- Plant Nutrition Department, Aula Dei Experimental Station (CSIC), P.O. Box 13034, E-50080, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jorge Rencoret
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (CSIC), Reina Mercedes 10, E-41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ana Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (CSIC), Reina Mercedes 10, E-41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - José C Del Río
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (CSIC), Reina Mercedes 10, E-41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Michael A Grusak
- USDA-ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Anunciación Abadía
- Plant Nutrition Department, Aula Dei Experimental Station (CSIC), P.O. Box 13034, E-50080, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Javier Abadía
- Plant Nutrition Department, Aula Dei Experimental Station (CSIC), P.O. Box 13034, E-50080, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana-Flor López-Millán
- USDA-ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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26
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Rodríguez-Celma J, Ceballos-Laita L, Grusak MA, Abadía J, López-Millán AF. Plant fluid proteomics: Delving into the xylem sap, phloem sap and apoplastic fluid proteomes. Biochim Biophys Acta 2016; 1864:991-1002. [PMID: 27033031 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2016.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The phloem sap, xylem sap and apoplastic fluid play key roles in long and short distance transport of signals and nutrients, and act as a barrier against local and systemic pathogen infection. Among other components, these plant fluids contain proteins which are likely to be important players in their functionalities. However, detailed information about their proteomes is only starting to arise due to the difficulties inherent to the collection methods. This review compiles the proteomic information available to date in these three plant fluids, and compares the proteomes obtained in different plant species in order to shed light into conserved functions in each plant fluid. Inter-species comparisons indicate that all these fluids contain the protein machinery for self-maintenance and defense, including proteins related to cell wall metabolism, pathogen defense, proteolysis, and redox response. These analyses also revealed that proteins may play more relevant roles in signaling in the phloem sap and apoplastic fluid than in the xylem sap. A comparison of the proteomes of the three fluids indicates that although functional categories are somewhat similar, proteins involved are likely to be fluid-specific, except for a small group of proteins present in the three fluids, which may have a universal role, especially in cell wall maintenance and defense. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Plant Proteomics--a bridge between fundamental processes and crop production, edited by Dr. Hans-Peter Mock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Rodríguez-Celma
- University of East Anglia/John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Ceballos-Laita
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Aula Dei Experimental Station, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), P.O. Box 13034, E-50080 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Michael A Grusak
- USDA-ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Javier Abadía
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Aula Dei Experimental Station, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), P.O. Box 13034, E-50080 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana-Flor López-Millán
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Aula Dei Experimental Station, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), P.O. Box 13034, E-50080 Zaragoza, Spain; USDA-ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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27
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Jiménez-Aguilar DM, Grusak MA. Evaluation of Minerals, Phytochemical Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Mexican, Central American, and African Green Leafy Vegetables. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 2015; 70:357-64. [PMID: 26490448 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-015-0512-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
The green leafy vegetables Cnidoscolus aconitifolius and Crotalaria longirostrata are native to Mexico and Central America, while Solanum scabrum and Gynandropsis gynandra are native to Africa. They are consumed in both rural and urban areas in those places as a main food, food ingredient or traditional medicine. Currently, there is limited information about their nutritional and phytochemical composition. Therefore, mineral, vitamin C, phenolic and flavonoid concentration, and antioxidant activity were evaluated in multiple accessions of these leafy vegetables, and their mineral and vitamin C contribution per serving was calculated. The concentrations of Ca, K, Mg and P in these leafy vegetables were 0.82-2.32, 1.61-7.29, 0.61-1.48 and 0.27-1.44 mg/g fresh weight (FW), respectively. The flavonoid concentration in S. scabrum accessions was up to 1413 μg catechin equivalents/g FW, while the highest antioxidant activities were obtained in C. longirostrata accessions (52-60 μmol Trolox equivalents/g FW). According to guidelines established by the US Food and Drug Administration, a serving size (30 g FW) of C. longirostrata would be considered an excellent source of Mo (20 % or more of the daily value), and a serving of any of these green leafy vegetables would be an excellent source of vitamin C. Considering the importance of the minerals, phytochemicals and antioxidants in human health and their presence in these indigenous green leafy vegetables, efforts to promote their consumption should be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulce M Jiménez-Aguilar
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Avenue, Houston, TX, 77030-2600, USA
| | - Michael A Grusak
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Avenue, Houston, TX, 77030-2600, USA.
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28
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Narayanan N, Beyene G, Chauhan RD, Gaitán-Solis E, Grusak MA, Taylor N, Anderson P. Overexpression of Arabidopsis VIT1 increases accumulation of iron in cassava roots and stems. Plant Sci 2015; 240:170-81. [PMID: 26475197 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Iron is extremely abundant in the soil, but its uptake in plants is limited due to low solubility in neutral or alkaline soils. Plants can rely on rhizosphere acidification to increase iron solubility. AtVIT1 was previously found to be involved in mediating vacuolar sequestration of iron, which indicates a potential application for iron biofortification in crop plants. Here, we have overexpressed AtVIT1 in the starchy root crop cassava using a patatin promoter. Under greenhouse conditions, iron levels in mature cassava storage roots showed 3-4 times higher values when compared with wild-type plants. Significantly, the expression of AtVIT1 showed a positive correlation with the increase in iron concentration of storage roots. Conversely, young leaves of AtVIT1 transgenic plants exhibit characteristics of iron deficiency such as interveinal chlorosis of leaves (yellowing) and lower iron concentration when compared with the wild type plants. Interestingly, the AtVIT1 transgenic plants showed 4 and 16 times higher values of iron concentration in the young stem and stem base tissues, respectively. AtVIT1 transgenic plants also showed 2-4 times higher values of iron content when compared with wild-type plants, with altered partitioning of iron between source and sink tissues. These results demonstrate vacuolar iron sequestration as a viable transgenic strategy to biofortify crops and to help eliminate micronutrient malnutrition in at-risk human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayanan Narayanan
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 N. Warson Road, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA.
| | - Getu Beyene
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 N. Warson Road, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA
| | - Raj Deepika Chauhan
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 N. Warson Road, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA
| | - Eliana Gaitán-Solis
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 N. Warson Road, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA
| | - Michael A Grusak
- USDA-ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nigel Taylor
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 N. Warson Road, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA
| | - Paul Anderson
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 N. Warson Road, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA
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29
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Gutierrez-Carbonell E, Lattanzio G, Albacete A, Rios JJ, Kehr J, Abadía A, Grusak MA, Abadía J, López-Millán AF. Effects of Fe deficiency on the protein profile of Brassica napus phloem sap. Proteomics 2015; 15:3835-53. [PMID: 26316195 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the effect of Fe deficiency on the protein profile of phloem sap exudates from Brassica napus using 2DE (IEF-SDS-PAGE). The experiment was repeated thrice and two technical replicates per treatment were done. Phloem sap purity was assessed by measuring sugar concentrations. Two hundred sixty-three spots were consistently detected and 15.6% (41) of them showed significant changes in relative abundance (22 decreasing and 19 increasing) as a result of Fe deficiency. Among them, 85% (35 spots), were unambiguously identified. Functional categories containing the largest number of protein species showing changes as a consequence of Fe deficiency were signaling and regulation (32%), and stress and redox homeostasis (17%). The Phloem sap showed a higher oxidative stress and significant changes in the hormonal profile as a result of Fe deficiency. Results indicate that Fe deficiency elicits major changes in signaling pathways involving Ca and hormones, which are generally associated with flowering and developmental processes, causes an alteration in ROS homeostasis processes, and induces decreases in the abundances of proteins involved in sieve element repair, suggesting that Fe-deficient plants may have an impaired capacity to heal sieve elements upon injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giuseppe Lattanzio
- Plant Nutrition Department, CSIC, Aula Dei Experimental Station, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Alfonso Albacete
- Department of Plant Nutrition, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan José Rios
- Plant Nutrition Department, CSIC, Aula Dei Experimental Station, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Julia Kehr
- Department of Molecular Plant Genetics, Biocenter Klein Flottbek, University Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anunciación Abadía
- Plant Nutrition Department, CSIC, Aula Dei Experimental Station, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Michael A Grusak
- USDA-ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Javier Abadía
- Plant Nutrition Department, CSIC, Aula Dei Experimental Station, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana Flor López-Millán
- Plant Nutrition Department, CSIC, Aula Dei Experimental Station, Zaragoza, Spain.,USDA-ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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30
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Garcia CB, Grusak MA. Mineral accumulation in vegetative and reproductive tissues during seed development in Medicago truncatula. Front Plant Sci 2015; 6:622. [PMID: 26322063 PMCID: PMC4536387 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Enhancing nutrient density in legume seeds is one of several strategies being explored to improve the nutritional quality of the food supply. In order to develop crop varieties with increased seed mineral concentration, a more detailed understanding of mineral translocation within the plant is required. By studying mineral accumulation in different organs within genetically diverse members of the same species, it may be possible to identify variable traits that modulate seed mineral concentration. We utilized two ecotypes (A17 and DZA315.16) of the model legume, Medicago truncatula, to study dry mass and mineral accumulation in the leaves, pod walls, and seeds during reproductive development. The pod wall dry mass was significantly different between the two ecotypes beginning at 12 days after pollination, whereas there was no significant difference in the average dry mass of individual seeds between the two ecotypes at any time point. There were also no significant differences in leaf dry mass between ecotypes; however, we observed expansion of A17 leaves during the first 21 days of pod development, while DZA315.16 leaves did not display a significant increase in leaf area. Mineral profiling of the leaves, pod walls, and seeds highlighted differences in accumulation patterns among minerals within each tissue as well as genotypic differences with respect to individual minerals. Because there were differences in the average seed number per pod, the total seed mineral content per pod was generally higher in A17 than DZA315.16. In addition, mineral partitioning to the seeds tended to be higher in A17 pods. These data revealed that mineral retention within leaves and/or pod walls might attenuate mineral accumulation within the seeds. As a result, strategies to increase seed mineral content should include approaches that will enhance export from these tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael A. Grusak
- *Correspondence: Michael A. Grusak, Department of Pediatrics, United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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31
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Wooton-Kee CR, Jain AK, Wagner M, Grusak MA, Finegold MJ, Lutsenko S, Moore DD. Elevated copper impairs hepatic nuclear receptor function in Wilson's disease. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:3449-60. [PMID: 26241054 DOI: 10.1172/jci78991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Wilson's disease (WD) is an autosomal recessive disorder that results in accumulation of copper in the liver as a consequence of mutations in the gene encoding the copper-transporting P-type ATPase (ATP7B). WD is a chronic liver disorder, and individuals with the disease present with a variety of complications, including steatosis, cholestasis, cirrhosis, and liver failure. Similar to patients with WD, Atp7b⁻/⁻ mice have markedly elevated levels of hepatic copper and liver pathology. Previous studies have demonstrated that replacement of zinc in the DNA-binding domain of the estrogen receptor (ER) with copper disrupts specific binding to DNA response elements. Here, we found decreased binding of the nuclear receptors FXR, RXR, HNF4α, and LRH-1 to promoter response elements and decreased mRNA expression of nuclear receptor target genes in Atp7b⁻/⁻ mice, as well as in adult and pediatric WD patients. Excessive hepatic copper has been described in progressive familial cholestasis (PFIC), and we found that similar to individuals with WD, patients with PFIC2 or PFIC3 who have clinically elevated hepatic copper levels exhibit impaired nuclear receptor activity. Together, these data demonstrate that copper-mediated nuclear receptor dysfunction disrupts liver function in WD and potentially in other disorders associated with increased hepatic copper levels.
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32
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Traber MG, Leonard SW, Bobe G, Fu X, Saltzman E, Grusak MA, Booth SL. α-Tocopherol disappearance rates from plasma depend on lipid concentrations: studies using deuterium-labeled collard greens in younger and older adults. Am J Clin Nutr 2015; 101:752-9. [PMID: 25739929 PMCID: PMC4381779 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.114.100966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about α-tocopherol's bioavailability as a constituent of food or its dependence on a subject's age. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the α-tocopherol bioavailability from food, we used collard greens grown in deuterated water ((2)H collard greens) as a source of deuterium-labeled ((2)H) α-tocopherol consumed by younger and older adults in a post hoc analysis of a vitamin K study. DESIGN Younger (mean ± SD age: 32 ± 7 y; n = 12 women and 9 men) and older (aged 67 ± 8 y; n = 8 women and 12 men) adults consumed a test breakfast that included 120 g (2)H collard greens (1.2 ± 0.1 mg (2)H-α-tocopherol). Plasma unlabeled α-tocopherol and (2)H-α-tocopherol were measured by using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry from fasting (>12 h) blood samples drawn before breakfast (0 h) and at 24, 48, and 72 h and from postprandial samples collected at 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 12, and 16 h. RESULTS Times (12.6 ± 2.5 h) of maximum plasma (2)H-α-tocopherol concentrations (0.82% ± 0.59% total α-tocopherol), fractional disappearance rates (0.63 ± 0.26 pools/d), half-lives (30 ± 11 h), and the minimum estimated (2)H-α-tocopherol absorbed (24% ± 16%) did not vary between age groups or sexes (n = 41). Unlabeled α-tocopherol concentrations were higher in older adults (26.4 ± 8.6 μmol/L) than in younger adults (19.3 ± 4.2 μmol/L; P = 0.0019) and correlated with serum lipids (r = 0.4938, P = 0.0012). In addition, (2)H-α-tocopherol half-lives were correlated with lipids (r = 0.4361, P = 0.0044). CONCLUSIONS Paradoxically, α-tocopherol remained in circulation longer in participants with higher serum lipids, but the (2)H-α-tocopherol absorbed was not dependent on the plasma lipid status. Neither variable was dependent on age. These data suggest that plasma α-tocopherol concentrations are more dependent on mechanisms that control circulating lipids rather than those related to its absorption and initial incorporation into plasma. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT0036232.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maret G Traber
- From the Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR (MGT, SWL, and GB); the USDA Human Nutrition Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA (XF, ES, and SLB); and the USDA/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (MAG)
| | - Scott W Leonard
- From the Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR (MGT, SWL, and GB); the USDA Human Nutrition Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA (XF, ES, and SLB); and the USDA/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (MAG)
| | - Gerd Bobe
- From the Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR (MGT, SWL, and GB); the USDA Human Nutrition Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA (XF, ES, and SLB); and the USDA/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (MAG)
| | - Xueyan Fu
- From the Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR (MGT, SWL, and GB); the USDA Human Nutrition Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA (XF, ES, and SLB); and the USDA/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (MAG)
| | - Edward Saltzman
- From the Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR (MGT, SWL, and GB); the USDA Human Nutrition Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA (XF, ES, and SLB); and the USDA/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (MAG)
| | - Michael A Grusak
- From the Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR (MGT, SWL, and GB); the USDA Human Nutrition Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA (XF, ES, and SLB); and the USDA/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (MAG)
| | - Sarah L Booth
- From the Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR (MGT, SWL, and GB); the USDA Human Nutrition Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA (XF, ES, and SLB); and the USDA/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (MAG)
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33
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Huang YC, Fan R, Grusak MA, Sherrier JD, Huang CP. Effects of nano-ZnO on the agronomically relevant Rhizobium-legume symbiosis. Sci Total Environ 2014; 497-498:78-90. [PMID: 25124056 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.07.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2014] [Revised: 07/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/26/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The impact of nano-ZnO (nZnO) on Rhizobium-legume symbiosis was studied with garden pea and its compatible bacterial partner Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae 3841. Exposure of peas to nZnO had no impact on germination, but significantly affected root length. Chronic exposure of plant to nZnO impacted its development by decreasing the number of the first- and the second-order lateral roots, stem length, leaf surface area, and transpiration. The effect of nZnO dissolution on phytotoxicity was also examined. Results showed that Zn(2+) had negative impact on plant development. Exposure of R. leguminosarum bv. viciae 3841 to nZnO brought about morphological changes by rendering the microbial cells toward round shape and damaging the bacterial surface. Furthermore, the presence of nZnO in the rhizosphere affected root nodulation, delayed the onset of nitrogen fixation, and caused early senescence of nodules. Attachment of nanoparticles on the root surface and dissolution of Zn(2+) are important factors affecting the phytotocity of nZnO. Hence, the presence of nZnO in the environment is potentially hazardous to the Rhizobium-legume symbiosis system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chu Huang
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, Newark, DE 19711, United States; Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, United States
| | - Ruimei Fan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States
| | - Michael A Grusak
- USDA-ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030-2600, United States
| | - Janine D Sherrier
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, Newark, DE 19711, United States; Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, United States
| | - C P Huang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States.
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Lima MRM, Diaz SO, Lamego I, Grusak MA, Vasconcelos MW, Gil AM. Nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics of iron deficiency in soybean leaves. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:3075-87. [PMID: 24738838 DOI: 10.1021/pr500279f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) deficiency is an important agricultural concern that leads to lower yields and crop quality. A better understanding of the condition at the metabolome level could contribute to the design of strategies to ameliorate Fe-deficiency problems. Fe-sufficient and Fe-deficient soybean leaf extracts and whole leaves were analyzed by liquid (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high-resolution magic-angle spinning NMR spectroscopy, respectively. Overall, 30 compounds were measurable and identifiable (comprising amino and organic acids, fatty acids, carbohydrates, alcohols, polyphenols, and others), along with 22 additional spin systems (still unassigned). Thus, metabolite differences between treatment conditions could be evaluated for different compound families simultaneously. Statistically relevant metabolite changes upon Fe deficiency included higher levels of alanine, asparagine/aspartate, threonine, valine, GABA, acetate, choline, ethanolamine, hypoxanthine, trigonelline, and polyphenols and lower levels of citrate, malate, ethanol, methanol, chlorogenate, and 3-methyl-2-oxovalerate. The data indicate that the main metabolic impacts of Fe deficiency in soybean include enhanced tricarboxylic acid cycle activity, enhanced activation of oxidative stress protection mechanisms and enhanced amino acid accumulation. Metabolites showing accumulation differences in Fe-starved but visually asymptomatic leaves could serve as biomarkers for early detection of Fe-deficiency stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta R M Lima
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto , Rua Dr. António Bernardino Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
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Vasconcelos MW, Clemente TE, Grusak MA. Evaluation of constitutive iron reductase (AtFRO2) expression on mineral accumulation and distribution in soybean (Glycine max. L). Front Plant Sci 2014; 5:112. [PMID: 24765096 PMCID: PMC3982063 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Iron is an important micronutrient in human and plant nutrition. Adequate iron nutrition during crop production is central for assuring appropriate iron concentrations in the harvestable organs, for human food or animal feed. The whole-plant movement of iron involves several processes, including the reduction of ferric to ferrous iron at several locations throughout the plant, prior to transmembrane trafficking of ferrous iron. In this study, soybean plants that constitutively expressed the AtFRO2 iron reductase gene were analyzed for leaf iron reductase activity, as well as the effect of this transgene's expression on root, leaf, pod wall, and seed mineral concentrations. High Fe supply, in combination with the constitutive expression of AtFRO2, resulted in significantly higher concentrations of different minerals in roots (K, P, Zn, Ca, Ni, Mg, and Mo), pod walls (Fe, K, P, Cu, and Ni), leaves (Fe, P, Cu, Ca, Ni, and Mg) and seeds (Fe, Zn, Cu, and Ni). Leaf and pod wall iron concentrations increased as much as 500% in transgenic plants, while seed iron concentrations only increased by 10%, suggesting that factors other than leaf and pod wall reductase activity were limiting the translocation of iron to seeds. Protoplasts isolated from transgenic leaves had three-fold higher reductase activity than controls. Expression levels of the iron storage protein, ferritin, were higher in the transgenic leaves than in wild-type, suggesting that the excess iron may be stored as ferritin in the leaves and therefore unavailable for phloem loading and delivery to the seeds. Also, citrate and malate levels in the roots and leaves of transgenic plants were significantly higher than in wild-type, suggesting that organic acid production could be related to the increased accumulation of minerals in roots, leaves, and pod walls, but not in the seeds. All together, these results suggest a more ubiquitous role for the iron reductase in whole-plant mineral accumulation and distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta W. Vasconcelos
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Centro Regional do Porto da Universidade Católica PortuguesaPorto, Portugal
- Department of Pediatrics, USDA-ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX, USA
| | - Thomas E. Clemente
- Center for Biotechnology – Plant Science Initiative, University of Nebraska-LincolnLincoln, NE, USA
| | - Michael A. Grusak
- Department of Pediatrics, USDA-ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX, USA
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Sankaran RP, Grusak MA. Whole shoot mineral partitioning and accumulation in pea (Pisum sativum). Front Plant Sci 2014; 5:149. [PMID: 24795736 PMCID: PMC4006064 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Several grain legumes are staple food crops that are important sources of minerals for humans; unfortunately, our knowledge is incomplete with respect to the mechanisms of translocation of these minerals to the vegetative tissues and loading into seeds. Understanding the mechanism and partitioning of minerals in pea could help in developing cultivars with high mineral density. A mineral partitioning study was conducted in pea to assess whole-plant growth and mineral content and the potential source-sink remobilization of different minerals, especially during seed development. Shoot and root mineral content increased for all the minerals, although tissue-specific partitioning differed between the minerals. Net remobilization was observed for P, S, Cu, and Fe from both the vegetative tissues and pod wall, but the amounts remobilized were much below the total accumulation in the seeds. Within the mature pod, more minerals were partitioned to the seed fraction (>75%) at maturity than to the pod wall for all the minerals except Ca, where only 21% was partitioned to the seed fraction. Although there was evidence for net remobilization of some minerals from different tissues into seeds, continued uptake and translocation of minerals to source tissues during seed fill is as important, if not more important, than remobilization of previously stored minerals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renuka P. Sankaran
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehman College, City University of New YorkBronx, NY, USA
- The Graduate School and University Center-City University of New YorkNew York, NY, USA
- *Correspondence: Renuka P. Sankaran, Department of Biological Sciences, Lehman College, City University of New York, 250 Bedford Park Blvd. West, Bronx, NY 10468, USA e-mail:
| | - Michael A. Grusak
- Department of Pediatrics, USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX, USA
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Fan R, Huang YC, Grusak MA, Huang CP, Sherrier DJ. Effects of nano-TiO₂ on the agronomically-relevant Rhizobium-legume symbiosis. Sci Total Environ 2014; 466-467:503-12. [PMID: 23933452 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The impact of nano-TiO₂ on Rhizobium-legume symbiosis was studied using garden peas and the compatible bacterial partner Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae 3841. Exposure to nano-TiO₂ did not affect the germination of peas grown aseptically, nor did it impact the gross root structure. However, nano-TiO₂ exposure did impact plant development by decreasing the number of secondary lateral roots. Cultured R. leguminosarum bv. viciae 3841 was also impacted by exposure to nano-TiO₂, resulting in morphological changes to the bacterial cells. Moreover, the interaction between these two organisms was disrupted by nano-TiO₂ exposure, such that root nodule development and the subsequent onset of nitrogen fixation were delayed. Further, the polysaccharide composition of the walls of infected cells of nodules was altered, suggesting that the exposure induced a systemic response in host plants. Therefore, nano-TiO₂ contamination in the environment is potentially hazardous to the Rhizobium-legume symbiosis system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruimei Fan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States; Delaware Biotechnology Institute, Newark, DE 19711, United States
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Kandianis CB, Michenfelder AS, Simmons SJ, Grusak MA, Stapleton AE. Abiotic stress growth conditions induce different responses in kernel iron concentration across genotypically distinct maize inbred varieties. Front Plant Sci 2013; 4:488. [PMID: 24363659 PMCID: PMC3850239 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The improvement of grain nutrient profiles for essential minerals and vitamins through breeding strategies is a target important for agricultural regions where nutrient poor crops like maize contribute a large proportion of the daily caloric intake. Kernel iron concentration in maize exhibits a broad range. However, the magnitude of genotype by environment (GxE) effects on this trait reduces the efficacy and predictability of selection programs, particularly when challenged with abiotic stress such as water and nitrogen limitations. Selection has also been limited by an inverse correlation between kernel iron concentration and the yield component of kernel size in target environments. Using 25 maize inbred lines for which extensive genome sequence data is publicly available, we evaluated the response of kernel iron density and kernel mass to water and nitrogen limitation in a managed field stress experiment using a factorial design. To further understand GxE interactions we used partition analysis to characterize response of kernel iron and weight to abiotic stressors among all genotypes, and observed two patterns: one characterized by higher kernel iron concentrations in control over stress conditions, and another with higher kernel iron concentration under drought and combined stress conditions. Breeding efforts for this nutritional trait could exploit these complementary responses through combinations of favorable allelic variation from these already well-characterized genetic stocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine B. Kandianis
- Department of Pediatrics, USDA-ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX, USA
| | - Abigail S. Michenfelder
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of North Carolina WilmingtonWilmington, NC, USA
| | - Susan J. Simmons
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of North Carolina WilmingtonWilmington, NC, USA
| | - Michael A. Grusak
- Department of Pediatrics, USDA-ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX, USA
| | - Ann E. Stapleton
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of North Carolina WilmingtonWilmington, NC, USA
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Murgia I, De Gara L, Grusak MA. Biofortification: how can we exploit plant science and biotechnology to reduce micronutrient deficiencies? Front Plant Sci 2013; 4:429. [PMID: 24223578 PMCID: PMC3818469 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Murgia
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di MilanoMilano, Italy
| | - Laura De Gara
- Centro Integrato di Ricerca, Università Campus Bio-Medico di RomaRoma, Italy
| | - Michael A. Grusak
- Department of Pediatrics, USDA-ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX, USA
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Lucas WJ, Groover A, Lichtenberger R, Furuta K, Yadav SR, Helariutta Y, He XQ, Fukuda H, Kang J, Brady SM, Patrick JW, Sperry J, Yoshida A, López-Millán AF, Grusak MA, Kachroo P. The plant vascular system: evolution, development and functions. J Integr Plant Biol 2013; 55:294-388. [PMID: 23462277 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 381] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of the tracheophyte-based vascular system of land plants had major impacts on the evolution of terrestrial biology, in general, through its role in facilitating the development of plants with increased stature, photosynthetic output, and ability to colonize a greatly expanded range of environmental habitats. Recently, considerable progress has been made in terms of our understanding of the developmental and physiological programs involved in the formation and function of the plant vascular system. In this review, we first examine the evolutionary events that gave rise to the tracheophytes, followed by analysis of the genetic and hormonal networks that cooperate to orchestrate vascular development in the gymnosperms and angiosperms. The two essential functions performed by the vascular system, namely the delivery of resources (water, essential mineral nutrients, sugars and amino acids) to the various plant organs and provision of mechanical support are next discussed. Here, we focus on critical questions relating to structural and physiological properties controlling the delivery of material through the xylem and phloem. Recent discoveries into the role of the vascular system as an effective long-distance communication system are next assessed in terms of the coordination of developmental, physiological and defense-related processes, at the whole-plant level. A concerted effort has been made to integrate all these new findings into a comprehensive picture of the state-of-the-art in the area of plant vascular biology. Finally, areas important for future research are highlighted in terms of their likely contribution both to basic knowledge and applications to primary industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Lucas
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Faherty M, Dallal GE, Shen X, Dolnikowski G, Grusak MA, Booth SL, Fu X. Associations of Age, Sex, and Vitamin K Status with Vitamin K Absorption. FASEB J 2013. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.636.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Fisher JO, Birch LL, Zhang J, Grusak MA, Hughes SO. External influences on children's self-served portions at meals. Int J Obes (Lond) 2013; 37:954-60. [PMID: 23295501 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2012.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Large portions promote intake among children, but little is known about the external influences of the eating environment on children's self-selected portion sizes. This research experimentally tested effects of the amount of entree available and serving spoon size on children's self-served entree portions and intakes at dinner meals. A secondary objective was to identify child and family predictors of self-served entree portion sizes. DESIGN A 2 × 2 within-subjects design was used, in which the amount of a pasta entree available for self-serving (275 vs 550 g) and the serving spoon size (teaspoon vs tablespoon) were systematically varied. The serving bowl size and portion sizes of all other foods offered were held constant across conditions. Conditions were spaced 1 week apart and randomly assigned. Weighed self-served entree portions and food intakes as well as demographics, maternal feeding styles and child/maternal anthropometrics were measured. SUBJECTS Participants were 60 ethnically diverse children aged 4-6 years and their mothers. RESULTS Mixed models revealed that children served themselves 40% more entree when the amount available was doubled (P<0.0001) and 13% more when the serving spoon size was tripled (P<0.05). Serving spoon size and the amount of entree available indirectly influenced children's intake, with larger self-served portion sizes related to greater entree intakes (P<0.0001). Greater self-served portions and energy intakes at the meal were seen among those children whose mothers reported indulgent or authoritarian feeding styles (P<0.001). CONCLUSION Children's self-served portion sizes at meals are influenced by size-related facets of the eating environment and reflect maternal feeding styles.
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Affiliation(s)
- J O Fisher
- Department of Public Health, Center for Obesity Research and Education, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
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López-Millán AF, Grusak MA, Abadía A, Abadía J. Iron deficiency in plants: an insight from proteomic approaches. Front Plant Sci 2013; 4:254. [PMID: 23898336 PMCID: PMC3722493 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/23/2013] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) deficiency chlorosis is a major nutritional disorder for crops growing in calcareous soils, and causes decreases in vegetative growth as well as marked yield and quality losses. With the advances in mass spectrometry techniques, a substantial body of knowledge has arisen on the changes in the protein profiles of different plant parts and compartments as a result of Fe deficiency. Changes in the protein profile of thylakoids from several species have been investigated using gel-based two-dimensional electrophoresis approaches, and the same techniques have been used to investigate changes in the root proteome profiles of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), sugar beet (Beta vulgaris), cucumber (Cucumis sativus), Medicago truncatula and a Prunus rootstock. High throughput proteomic studies have also been published using Fe-deficient Arabidopsis thaliana roots and thylakoids. This review summarizes the major conclusions derived from these "-omic" approaches with respect to metabolic changes occurring with Fe deficiency, and highlights future research directions in this field. A better understanding of the mechanisms involved in root Fe homeostasis from a holistic point of view may strengthen our ability to enhance Fe-deficiency tolerance responses in plants of agronomic interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Flor López-Millán
- Plant Nutrition Department, Aula Dei Experimental Station (CSIC)Zaragoza, Spain
- *Correspondence: Ana-Flor López-Millán, Plant Nutrition Department, Aula Dei Experimental Station (CSIC), Avenida Montañana 1005, E-50059, Zaragoza, Spain e-mail:
| | - Michael A. Grusak
- Department of Pediatrics, USDA-ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX, USA
| | - Anunciación Abadía
- Plant Nutrition Department, Aula Dei Experimental Station (CSIC)Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Javier Abadía
- Plant Nutrition Department, Aula Dei Experimental Station (CSIC)Zaragoza, Spain
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Blair MW, Izquierdo P, Astudillo C, Grusak MA. A legume biofortification quandary: variability and genetic control of seed coat micronutrient accumulation in common beans. Front Plant Sci 2013; 4:275. [PMID: 23908660 PMCID: PMC3725406 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), like many legumes, are rich in iron, zinc, and certain other microelements that are generally found to be in low concentrations in cereals, other seed crops, and root or tubers and therefore are good candidates for biofortification. But a quandary exists in common bean biofortification: namely that the distribution of iron has been found to be variable between the principal parts of seed; namely the cotyledonary tissue, embryo axis and seed coat. The seed coat represents ten or more percent of the seed weight and must be considered specifically as it accumulates much of the anti-nutrients such as tannins that effect mineral bioavailability. Meanwhile the cotyledons accumulate starch and phosphorus in the form of phytates. The goal of this study was to evaluate a population of progeny derived from an advanced backcross of a wild bean and a cultivated Andean bean for seed coat versus cotyledonary minerals to identify variability and predict inheritance of the minerals. We used wild common beans because of their higher seed mineral concentration compared to cultivars and greater proportion of seed coat to total seed weight. Results showed the most important gene for seed coat iron was on linkage group B04 but also identified other QTL for seed coat and cotyledonary iron and zinc on other linkage groups, including B11 which has been important in studies of whole seed. The importance of these results in terms of physiology, candidate genes and plant breeding are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W. Blair
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Cornell UniversityIthaca, NY, USA
- *Correspondence: Matthew W. Blair, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Cornell University Ithaca, 242 Emerson Hall, NY 14853, USA e-mail:
| | - Paulo Izquierdo
- CENICAÑA – Centro Nacional de Investigación en CañaCandelaria, Valle de Cauca, Colombia
| | | | - Michael A. Grusak
- Department of Pediatrics, USDA-ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX, USA
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Tang G, Hu Y, Yin SA, Wang Y, Dallal GE, Grusak MA, Russell RM. β-Carotene in Golden Rice is as good as β-carotene in oil at providing vitamin A to children. Am J Clin Nutr 2012; 96:658-64. [PMID: 22854406 PMCID: PMC3417220 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.111.030775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Golden Rice (GR) has been genetically engineered to be rich in β-carotene for use as a source of vitamin A. OBJECTIVE The objective was to compare the vitamin A value of β-carotene in GR and in spinach with that of pure β-carotene in oil when consumed by children. DESIGN Children (n = 68; age 6-8 y) were randomly assigned to consume GR or spinach (both grown in a nutrient solution containing 23 atom% ²H₂O) or [²H₈]β-carotene in an oil capsule. The GR and spinach β-carotene were enriched with deuterium (²H) with the highest abundance molecular mass (M) at M(β-C)+²H₁₀. [¹³C₁₀]Retinyl acetate in an oil capsule was administered as a reference dose. Serum samples collected from subjects were analyzed by using gas chromatography electron-capture negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry for the enrichments of labeled retinol: M(retinol)+4 (from [²H₈]β-carotene in oil), M(retinol)+5 (from GR or spinach [²H₁₀]β-carotene), and M(retinol)+10 (from [¹³C₁₀]retinyl acetate). RESULTS Using the response to the dose of [¹³C₁₀]retinyl acetate (0.5 mg) as a reference, our results (with the use of AUC of molar enrichment at days 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 after the labeled doses) showed that the conversions of pure β-carotene (0.5 mg), GR β-carotene (0.6 mg), and spinach β-carotene (1.4 mg) to retinol were 2.0, 2.3, and 7.5 to 1 by weight, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The β-carotene in GR is as effective as pure β-carotene in oil and better than that in spinach at providing vitamin A to children. A bowl of ~100 to 150 g cooked GR (50 g dry weight) can provide ~60% of the Chinese Recommended Nutrient Intake of vitamin A for 6-8-y-old children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangwen Tang
- Carotenoids & Health Laboratory, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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Etcheverry P, Grusak MA, Fleige LE. Application of in vitro bioaccessibility and bioavailability methods for calcium, carotenoids, folate, iron, magnesium, polyphenols, zinc, and vitamins B(6), B(12), D, and E. Front Physiol 2012; 3:317. [PMID: 22934067 PMCID: PMC3429087 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A review of in vitro bioaccessibility and bioavailability methods for polyphenols and selected nutrients is presented. The review focuses on in vitro solubility, dialyzability, the dynamic gastrointestinal model (TIM)™, and Caco-2 cell models, the latter primarily for uptake and transport, and a discussion of how these methods have been applied to generate data for a range of nutrients, carotenoids, and polyphenols. Recommendations are given regarding which methods are most justified for answering bioaccessibility or bioavailability related questions for specific nutrients. The need for more validation studies in which in vivo results are compared to in vitro results is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paz Etcheverry
- Department of Pediatrics, USDA-ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX, USA
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47
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López-Millán AF, Grusak MA, Abadía J. Carboxylate metabolism changes induced by Fe deficiency in barley, a Strategy II plant species. J Plant Physiol 2012; 169:1121-1124. [PMID: 22709961 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2012.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The effects of iron (Fe) deficiency on carboxylate metabolism were investigated in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) using two cultivars, Steptoe and Morex, which differ in their Fe efficiency response. In both cultivars, root extracts of plants grown in Fe-deficient conditions showed higher activities of enzymes related to organic acid metabolism, including citrate synthase, malate dehydrogenase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, compared to activities measured in root extracts of Fe-sufficient plants. Accordingly, the concentration of total carboxylates was higher in Fe-deficient roots of both cultivars, with citrate concentration showing the greatest increase. In xylem sap, the concentration of total carboxylates was also higher with Fe deficiency in both cultivars, with citrate and malate being the major organic acids. Leaf extracts of Fe-deficient plants also showed increases in citric acid concentration and in the activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and fumarase activities, and decreases in aconitase activity. Our results indicate that changes in root carboxylate metabolism previously reported in Strategy I species also occur in barley, a Strategy II plant species, supporting the existence of anaplerotic carbon fixation via increases in the root activities of these enzymes, with citrate playing a major role. However, these changes occur less intensively than in Strategy I plants. Activities of the anaerobic metabolism enzymes pyruvate decarboxylase and lactate dehydrogenase did not change in barley roots with Fe deficiency, in contrast to what occurs in Strategy I plants, suggesting that these changes may be Strategy I-specific. No significant differences were observed in overall carboxylate metabolism between cultivars, for plants challenged with high or low Fe treatments, suggesting that carboxylate metabolism changes are not behind the Fe-efficiency differences between these cultivars. Citrate synthase was the only measured enzyme with constitutively higher activity in Steptoe relative to Morex leaf extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Flor López-Millán
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-EEAD-CSIC, P.O. Box 13034, E-50080 Zaragoza, Spain.
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48
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Al Rajabi A, Booth SL, Peterson JW, Choi SW, Suttie JW, Shea MK, Miao B, Grusak MA, Fu X. Deuterium-labeled phylloquinone has tissue-specific conversion to menaquinone-4 among Fischer 344 male rats. J Nutr 2012; 142:841-5. [PMID: 22437559 PMCID: PMC3327742 DOI: 10.3945/jn.111.155804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Phylloquinone (PK) is converted into menaquinone-4 (MK-4) via side chain removal-addition. Stable isotope use is an effective approach to identify the tissue location of this conversion, which is currently unknown. Following a 14-d PK-deficient diet, male Fischer 344 rats (8 mo; n = 15) were fed 1.6 mg deuterium-labeled PK (L-PK) per kg diet for 0 (control), 1 d (PK-1d), and 7 d (PK-7d). Both L-PK and deuterium-labeled MK-4 (L-MK-4) were detected in tissues in PK-1d and PK-7d, although the results varied. Whereas some tissues had an overall increase in MK-4 in response to L-PK, total brain, testes, and fat MK-4 concentrations did not. In contrast, L-MK-4 concentrations increased in all 3 tissues. The deuterium label was found only on the L-MK-4 naphthoquinone ring, confirming the need for side chain removal for the formation of MK-4. Labeled menadione (MD) was detected in urine and serum in PK-1d and PK-7d, confirming its role as an intermediate. A Caco-2 cell monolayer model was used to study the role of the enterocytes in the conversion process. Neither MK-4 nor MD was detected in Caco-2 cells treated with PK. However, when Caco-2 cells were treated with MD, MK-4 was formed. Similarly, MK-4 was formed in response to MD-treated 293T kidney cells, but not HuH7 liver cells. These data demonstrate that MK-4 is the predominant form of vitamin K in multiple tissues, but there appears to be a tissue-specific regulation for the conversion of PK to MK-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ala Al Rajabi
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
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49
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Lauer JG, Bijl CG, Grusak MA, Baenziger PS, Boote K, Lingle S, Carter T, Kaeppler S, Boerma R, Eizenga G, Carter P, Goodman M, Nafziger E, Kidwell K, Mitchell R, Edgerton MD, Quesenberry K, Willcox MC. The Scientific Grand Challenges of the 21st Century for the Crop Science Society of America. Crop Science 2012; 52:1003-1010. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.2135/cropsci2011.12.0668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Caron Gala Bijl
- ASA, CSSA, and SSSA Science Policy Office; Washington DC 20002
| | - Michael A. Grusak
- USDA-ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center; Dep. of Pediatrics; Baylor College of Medicine; Houston TX 77030
| | | | - Ken Boote
- Agronomy Dep.; Univ. of Florida; Gainesville FL 32611
| | | | | | | | - Roger Boerma
- Dep. of Crop and Soil Sciences; Univ. of Georgia; Athens GA 30602
| | | | - Paul Carter
- Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc.; Johnston IA 50131
| | - Major Goodman
- Dep. of Crop Science; North Carolina State Univ.; Raleigh NC 27695
| | | | - Kimberlee Kidwell
- College of Agricultural, Human and Natural Resource Sciences; Washington State Univ.; Pullman WA 99164
| | | | | | | | - Martha C. Willcox
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT); Apdo 6-641 Mexico DF
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Traber MG, Leonard SW, Fu X, Grusak MA, Booth S. Plasma alpha‐tocopherol transport studied using deuterium‐labeled collard greens. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.365.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maret G Traber
- Linus Pauling InstituteOregon State UniversityCorvallisOR
| | | | | | - Michael A Grusak
- USDA-ARS Children's Nutrition Research CenterHoustonTX
- Department of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTX
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