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Guo G, Chen S, Zhang D, Wang J, Lei M, Ju T, Wei H. Influence of biochar on the arsenic phytoextraction potential of Pteris vittata in soils from an abandoned arsenic mining site. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 352:141389. [PMID: 38336043 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Biochar (BC) has a strong potential for activating arsenic (As) in soil; thus, the phytoremediation efficiency of As-polluted soils is enhanced with Pteris vittata L. A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the potential of BC to assist in phytoremediation with P. vittata. The effects of BC on physicochemical properties, available As, enzyme activities, and the bacterial community in the rhizosphere soil were investigated, and the biomass, physiology, and As uptake of P. vittata were analyzed. The results indicated that applying BC facilitated available As in the P. vittata rhizosphere soil, and the phytoremediation efficiency percentage increased in the As-polluted soils, such as 3.80% and 8.01% under the 2% and 5% BC treatments compared to the control, respectively. Phytoremediation with P. vittata and BC significantly improved soil organic matter content, available N, P, and K, enzyme activities, and the bacterial community. BC promoted Streptomyces (26.6-54.2%) and Sphingomonas (12.3-30.8%) abundance which regulated the growth and As uptake by P. vittata. Moreover, applying BC increased the biomass, and As uptake by P. vittata. Overall, BC strengthened the phytoremediation of As-polluted soils by improving soil pH, nutrient concentrations, enzyme activities, bacterial community structure, and soil arsenic activation, growth, and absorption by P. vittata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Guo
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shiqi Chen
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Degang Zhang
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; HongHe University, Mengzi, 661100, Yunnan, China.
| | - Jing Wang
- Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Mei Lei
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tienan Ju
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Heng Wei
- Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
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Li Y, Fan K, Shen J, Wang Y, Jeyaraj A, Hu S, Chen X, Ding Z, Li X. Glycine-Induced Phosphorylation Plays a Pivotal Role in Energy Metabolism in Roots and Amino Acid Metabolism in Leaves of Tea Plant. Foods 2023; 12:foods12020334. [PMID: 36673426 PMCID: PMC9858451 DOI: 10.3390/foods12020334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation is the most extensive post-translational modification of proteins and thus regulates plant growth. However, the regulatory mechanism of phosphorylation modification on the growth of tea plants caused by organic nitrogen is still unclear. In order to explore the phosphorylation modification mechanism of tea plants in response to organic nitrogen, we used glycine as the only nitrogen source and determined and analyzed the phosphorylated proteins in tea plants by phosphoproteomic analysis. The results showed that the phosphorylation modification induced by glycine-supply played important roles in the regulation of energy metabolism in tea roots and amino acid metabolism in tea leaves. In roots, glycine-supply induced dephosphorylation of proteins, such as fructose-bisphosphate aldolase cytoplasmic isozyme, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, resulted in increased intensity of glycolysis and decreased intensity of tricarboxylic acid cycle. In leaves, the glycine-supply changed the phosphorylation levels of glycine dehydrogenase, aminomethyltransferase, glutamine synthetase, and ferredoxin-dependent glutamate synthase, which accelerated the decomposition of glycine and enhanced the ability of ammonia assimilation. In addition, glycine-supply could improve the tea quality by increasing the intensity of amino acids, such as theanine and alanine. This research clarified the important regulatory mechanism of amino acid nitrogen on tea plant growth and development through protein phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Li
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Kai Fan
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Jiazhi Shen
- Tea Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Anburaj Jeyaraj
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shunkai Hu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhaotang Ding
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Tea Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
- Correspondence: (Z.D.); (X.L.); Tel.: +86-(53)-288030231 (Z.D.); +86-(25)-84396651 (X.L.)
| | - Xinghui Li
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Correspondence: (Z.D.); (X.L.); Tel.: +86-(53)-288030231 (Z.D.); +86-(25)-84396651 (X.L.)
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Jammer A, Albacete A, Schulz B, Koch W, Weltmeier F, van der Graaff E, Pfeifhofer HW, Roitsch TG. Early-stage sugar beet taproot development is characterized by three distinct physiological phases. PLANT DIRECT 2020; 4:e00221. [PMID: 32766510 PMCID: PMC7395582 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Despite the agronomic importance of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.), the early-stage development of its taproot has only been poorly investigated. Thus, the mechanisms that determine growth and sugar accumulation in sugar beet are largely unknown. In the presented study, a physiological characterization of early-stage sugar beet taproot development was conducted. Activities were analyzed for fourteen key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in developing taproots over the first 80 days after sowing. In addition, we performed in situ localizations of selected carbohydrate-metabolic enzyme activities, anatomical investigations, and quantifications of soluble carbohydrates, hexose phosphates, and phytohormones. Based on the accumulation dynamics of biomass and sucrose, as well as on anatomical parameters, the early phase of taproot development could be subdivided into three stages-prestorage, transition, secondary growth and sucrose accumulation stage-each of which was characterized by distinct metabolic and phytohormonal signatures. The enzyme activity signatures corresponding to these stages were also shown to be robustly reproducible in experiments conducted in two additional locations. The results from this physiological phenotyping approach contribute to the identification of the key regulators of sugar beet taproot development and open up new perspectives for sugar beet crop improvement concerning both physiological marker-based breeding and biotechnological approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Jammer
- Institute of BiologyUniversity of GrazGrazAustria
- Department of Crop SciencesUFT TullnUniversity of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU)TullnAustria
| | - Alfonso Albacete
- Institute of BiologyUniversity of GrazGrazAustria
- Present address:
Department of Plant Production and AgrotechnologyInstitute for Agri‐Food Research and Development of Murcia (IMIDA)MurciaSpain
| | | | | | | | - Eric van der Graaff
- Institute of BiologyUniversity of GrazGrazAustria
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesCopenhagen Plant Science CentreUniversity of CopenhagenTaastrupDenmark
- Present address:
Koppert Cress B.V.MonsterThe Netherlands
| | | | - Thomas G. Roitsch
- Department of Crop SciencesUFT TullnUniversity of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU)TullnAustria
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesCopenhagen Plant Science CentreUniversity of CopenhagenTaastrupDenmark
- Department of Adaptive BiotechnologiesGlobal Change Research Institute CASBrnoCzech Republic
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Deng L, Li P, Chu C, Ding Y, Wang S. Symplasmic phloem unloading and post-phloem transport during bamboo internode elongation. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 40:391-412. [PMID: 31976532 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpz140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
In traditional opinions, no radial transportation was considered to occur in the bamboo internodes but was usually considered to occur in the nodes. Few studies have involved the phloem unloading and post-phloem transport pathways in the rapid elongating bamboo shoots. Our observations indicated a symplastic pathway in phloem unloading and post-unloading pathways in the culms of Fargesiayunnanensis Hsueh et Yi, based on a 5,6-carboxyfluorescein diacetate tracing experiment. Significant lignification and suberinization in fiber and parenchyma cell walls in maturing internodes blocked the apoplastic transport. Assimilates were transported out of the vascular bundles in four directions in the inner zones but in two directions in the outer zones via the continuum of parenchyma cells. In transverse sections, assimilates were outward transported from the inner zones to the outer zones. Assimilates transport velocities varied with time, with the highest values at 0):00 h, which were affected by water transport. The assimilate transport from the adult culms to the young shoots also varied with the developmental degree of bamboo shoots, with the highest transport velocities in the rapidly elongating internodes. The localization of sucrose, glucose, starch grains and the related enzymes reconfirmed that the parenchyma cells in and around the vascular bundles constituted a symplastic pathway for the radial transport of sugars and were the main sites for sugar metabolism. The parenchyma cells functioned as the 'rays' for the radial transport in and between vascular bundles in bamboo internodes. These results systematically revealed the transport mechanism of assimilate and water in the elongating bamboo shoots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Deng
- Key Laboratory for Sympodial Bamboo Research, Southwest Forestry University, Bailong Road, Panlong District, Kunming, Yunnan 650224, P. R. China
| | - Pengcheng Li
- Key Laboratory for Sympodial Bamboo Research, Southwest Forestry University, Bailong Road, Panlong District, Kunming, Yunnan 650224, P. R. China
| | - Caihua Chu
- Key Laboratory for Sympodial Bamboo Research, Southwest Forestry University, Bailong Road, Panlong District, Kunming, Yunnan 650224, P. R. China
| | - Yulong Ding
- Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Longpan Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, P.R. China
| | - Shuguang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Sympodial Bamboo Research, Southwest Forestry University, Bailong Road, Panlong District, Kunming, Yunnan 650224, P. R. China
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Irrigation-Induced Changes in Chemical Composition and Quality of Seeds of Yellow Lupine ( Lupinus luteus L.). Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225521. [PMID: 31698683 PMCID: PMC6888426 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The quality and amount of yellow lupine yield depend on water availability. Water scarcity negatively affects germination, flowering, and pod formation, and thus introduction of an artificial irrigation system is needed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of irrigation on the quality of yellow lupine seeds. Raining was applied with a semi-solid device with sprinklers during periods of greatest water demand. It was shown that watered plants produced seeds of lesser quality, having smaller size and weight. To find out why seeds of irrigated plants were of poor quality, interdisciplinary research at the cellular level was carried out. DNA cytophotometry evidenced the presence of nuclei with lower polyploidy in the apical zone of mature seeds. This may lead to formation of smaller cells and reduce depositing of storage materials. The electrophoretic and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analyses revealed differences in protein and cuticular wax profiles, while scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy revealed, among various chemical elements, decreased calcium content in one of seed zones (near plumule). Seeds from irrigated plants showed slightly higher germination dynamics but growth rate of seedlings was slightly lower. The studies showed that irrigation of lupine affected seed features and their chemical composition, an ability to germination and seedlings growth.
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Winnicki K, Ciereszko I, Leśniewska J, Dubis AT, Basa A, Żabka A, Hołota M, Sobiech Ł, Faligowska A, Skrzypczak G, Maszewski J, Polit JT. Irrigation affects characteristics of narrow-leaved lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) seeds. PLANTA 2019; 249:1731-1746. [PMID: 30684036 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03091-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
While plant irrigation usually increases yield, irrigation also affects seed characteristics with respect to endoreplication level, chemical composition, number of carbonyl bands, and cuticular wax profiles. Seeds of sweet varieties of the narrow-leaved lupin have good nutritional properties; however, these plants are sensitive to water deficit. Irrigation improves lupin yield, but can affect seed characteristics. The purpose of the study was to evaluate irrigation influence on lupin seed features and their chemical composition. Morphological analyses showed worse quality of seeds from the irrigated plants, with regard to their size and weight. This was confirmed by cytophotometric analyses which revealed a lower DNA content in the nuclei of cells from the apical and basal regions of the irrigated seeds. The lower degree of polyploidy of the nuclei entails lower cell sizes and limited space for storage components. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis demonstrated that protein and cuticular wax profiles of the irrigated seeds were different from the control. The electrophoretic analyses indicated differences in protein profiles including changes in the proportion of lupin storage proteins. Among the various studied elements, only the nitrogen content decreased in the embryo axis of irrigated plants. Although germination dynamics of the irrigated seeds was higher, the seedlings' development rate was slightly lower than in the control. The hydrogen peroxide level in root meristem cells was higher during germination in the control suggesting its regulatory role in seed metabolism/signaling. Our study indicated that irrigation of lupin plant affected seed features and composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Winnicki
- Department of Cytophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, ul. Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Iwona Ciereszko
- Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Institute of Biology, University of Bialystok, Ciołkowskiego1J, 15-245, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Joanna Leśniewska
- Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Institute of Biology, University of Bialystok, Ciołkowskiego1J, 15-245, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Alina T Dubis
- Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Ciołkowskiego1K, 15-245, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Basa
- Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Ciołkowskiego1K, 15-245, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Aneta Żabka
- Department of Cytophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, ul. Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marcin Hołota
- Department of Cytophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, ul. Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Łukasz Sobiech
- Agronomy Department, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Dojazd 11, 60-632, Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Faligowska
- Agronomy Department, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Dojazd 11, 60-632, Poznan, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Skrzypczak
- Agronomy Department, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Dojazd 11, 60-632, Poznan, Poland
| | - Janusz Maszewski
- Department of Cytophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, ul. Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Justyna T Polit
- Department of Cytophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, ul. Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Lodz, Poland.
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Wang L, Zhang Y, Li D, Dossa K, Wang ML, Zhou R, Yu J, Zhang X. Gene expression profiles that shape high and low oil content sesames. BMC Genet 2019; 20:45. [PMID: 31096908 PMCID: PMC6521469 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-019-0747-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sesame (Sesamum indicum) can accumulate over 60% oil in its seed. However, low oil content genotypes with an oil content of less than 50% are also observed. To gain insights into how genes shape this variation, we examined 22 seed and carpel transcriptomes from 3 varieties of sesame with high and low oil content. Results A total of 34.6~52.2% of the sesame genes were expressed with a RPKM greater than 5 in the 22 tissue samples. The expressed gene numbers tended to decrease in the seed but fluctuated in the carpels from 10 to 30 days post-anthesis (DPA). Compared with that of the low oil content sesames, the high oil content sesame exhibited more positive gene expression during seed development. Typically, genes involved in lipid biosynthesis were enriched and could distinguish the high and low genotypes at 30 DPA, suggesting the pivotal role of seed oil biosynthesis in the later stages. Key homologous lipid genes that function in TAG biosynthesis, including those that encoded glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT), acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT), and phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (PDAT), were strengthened asynchronously at different stages, but the lipid transfer protein (LTP)-encoding genes, including SIN_1019175, SIN_1019172 and SIN_1010009, usually were highlighted in the high oil content sesames. Furthermore, a list of 23 candidate genes was identified and predicted to be beneficial for higher oil content accumulation. Despite the different gene expression patterns between the seeds and carpels, the two tissues showed a cooperative relationship during seed development, and biological processes, such as transport, catabolic process and small molecule metabolic process, changed synchronously. Conclusions The study elucidated the different expression profiles in high and low oil content sesames and revealed key stages and a list of candidate genes that shaped oil content variation. These findings will accelerate dissection of the genetic mechanism of sesame oil biosynthesis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12863-019-0747-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhai Wang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Yanxin Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Donghua Li
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Komivi Dossa
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062, China.,Centre d'Etudes Régional pour l'Amélioration de l'Adaptation à la Sécheresse (CERAAS), Route de Khombole, BP 3320, Thiès, Sénégal.,Laboratoire Campus de Biotechnologies Végétales, Département de Biologie Végétale, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, BP 5005, Dakar-Fann, Code postal 107000, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Ming Li Wang
- USDA-ARS, Plant Genetic Resources Conservation Unit, 1109 Experiment Street, Griffin, GA, 30223, USA
| | - Rong Zhou
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Jingyin Yu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Xiurong Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062, China.
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Polit JT, Nazarski RB. Sucrose transport is inhibited by okadaic acid during regeneration of sugar-starved Vicia faba root meristem cells. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 170:397-405. [PMID: 23244775 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2012.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Revised: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The sucrose-induced resumption of cell cycle in the Vicia faba root meristem cells, blocked in two principal control points PCP1/2 by carbohydrate starvation, occurs after 12 h of metabolic regeneration comprising increased activity of sucrose synthase (SuSy) and hexokinase (HK) as well as starch grain and cell wall matrix polysaccharide biosynthesis. Okadaic acid (OA), the specific protein phosphatase 1/2A inhibitor, supplied at the beginning of the recovery period (0-3 h) completely blocks these processes, making cell cycle resumption impossible. On the other hand, when added at the end (9-12 h), OA has a weak inhibitory effect. The aim of these studies was: (1) to establish how sucrose is transported into the cells and whether the above-mentioned effects are correlated with the intensity of its uptake at the beginning and at the end of the metabolic regeneration; and (2) to determine whether OA, blocking sucrose metabolism, also interferes with the process of sucrose uptake and distribution. The level of [(3)H]sucrose uptake was measured by liquid scintillation counting while sugar distribution was analyzed using microautoradiography and electron microscopy. The results showed that sucrose entered the meristematic cells along symplastic or apoplastic pathways and, to a lesser extent, through endocytosis. The cytoplasmic compartments (endoplasmic reticulum, vacuoles, plastids) and the nucleus were labeled. The intensity of [(3)H]sucrose uptake was nearly 2-fold lower during the initial than during the final period of metabolic regeneration. OA inhibited the apoplastic pathway of radioactive molecule uptake and its distribution between cell compartments, implicating PP1/2A involvement in the regulation of this transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna T Polit
- Department of Cytophysiology, University of Łódź, ul. Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Łódź, Poland.
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