1
|
Mehdi F, Galani S, Wickramasinghe KP, Zhao P, Lu X, Lin X, Xu C, Liu H, Li X, Liu X. Current perspectives on the regulatory mechanisms of sucrose accumulation in sugarcane. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27277. [PMID: 38463882 PMCID: PMC10923725 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Sugars transported from leaves (source) to stems (sink) energize cell growth, elongation, and maintenance. which are regulated by a variety of genes. This review reflects progress and prospects in the regulatory mechanism for maximum sucrose accumulation, including the role of sucrose metabolizing enzymes, sugar transporters and the elucidation of post-transcriptional control of sucrose-induced regulation of translation (SIRT) in the accumulation of sucrose. The current review suggests that SIRT is emerging as a significant mechanism controlling Scbzip44 activities in response to endogenous sugar signals (via the negative feedback mechanism). Sucrose-controlled upstream open reading frame (SC-uORF) exists at the 5' leader region of Scbzip44's main ORF, which inhibits sucrose accumulation through post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms. Sucrose transporters (SWEET1a/4a/4b/13c, TST, SUT1, SUT4 and SUT5) are crucial for sucrose translocation from source to sink. Particularly, SWEET13c was found to be a major contributor to the efflux in the transportation of stems. Tonoplast sugar transporters (TSTs), which import sucrose into the vacuole, suggest their tissue-specific role from source to sink. Sucrose cleavage has generally been linked with invertase isozymes, whereas sucrose synthase (SuSy)-catalyzed metabolism has been associated with biosynthetic processes such as UDP-Glc, cellulose, hemicellulose and other polymers. However, other two key sucrose-metabolizing enzymes, such as sucrose-6-phosphate phosphohydrolase (S6PP) and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) isoforms, have been linked with sucrose biosynthesis. These findings suggest that manipulation of genes, such as overexpression of SPS genes and sucrose transporter genes, silencing of the SC-uORF of Scbzip44 (removing the 5' leader region of the main ORF that is called SIRT-Insensitive) and downregulation of the invertase genes, may lead to maximum sucrose accumulation. This review provides an overview of sugarcane sucrose-regulating systems and baseline information for the development of cultivars with higher sucrose accumulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Mehdi
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Kaiyuan, Yunnan 661699, China
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sanya Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Saddia Galani
- Dr.A. Q. Khan Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, University of Karachi, Karachi Pakistan
| | - Kamal Priyananda Wickramasinghe
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Kaiyuan, Yunnan 661699, China
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Uda Walawa, 70190, Sri Lanka
| | - Peifang Zhao
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Kaiyuan, Yunnan 661699, China
| | - Xin Lu
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Kaiyuan, Yunnan 661699, China
| | - Xiuqin Lin
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Kaiyuan, Yunnan 661699, China
| | - Chaohua Xu
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Kaiyuan, Yunnan 661699, China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Kaiyuan, Yunnan 661699, China
| | - Xujuan Li
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Kaiyuan, Yunnan 661699, China
| | - Xinlong Liu
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Kaiyuan, Yunnan 661699, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rosati A, Paoletti A, Lodolini EM, Famiani F. Cultivar ideotype for intensive olive orchards: plant vigor, biomass partitioning, tree architecture and fruiting characteristics. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1345182. [PMID: 38332772 PMCID: PMC10850241 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1345182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
In order to achieve higher and earlier yield, modern olive orchards are increasingly intensified, with tree densities up to > 1500 trees hectare-1. With increasing tree densities, individual-tree canopy volume must be proportionally reduced. Not all cultivars are adaptable to high and very high orchard densities, because of excessive vigor and/or insufficient bearing when the canopy is pruned to a small volume. However, what makes an olive cultivar suitable for intensive and super intensive orchards is not clear. Recently, few studies have addressed this topic, suggesting that tree architecture and early bearing are essential traits. Yet, what architectural and productive features are important, how they work and whether they are interrelated remains elusive. This review summarizes and interprets the literature on olive, as well as the more abundant literature available for other fruit species, aiming to provide a comprehensive knowledge framework for understanding how tree architectural characteristics, plant vigor, and fruiting vary across olive genotypes, and how they are interconnected. It is concluded that, among the architectural characteristics, greater branching and smaller diameters of woody structures are particularly important features for cultivar suitability to intensive and super intensive olive orchards. Greater branching allows to produce more fruiting sites in the small volume of canopy allowed in these systems. It also reduces investments in woody structures, liberating resources for fruiting. Additional resources are liberated with smaller structure diameters. Greater branching also increases resources by increasing biomass partitioning into leaves (i.e. the photosynthetic organs), relative to wood. Since yield is affected by the competition for resources with vegetative growth, reducing resource investments in woody structures and/or increasing resource directly, increases yield. Yield, in turn, depresses vegetative growth, reducing vigor and the need for pruning. High yields also produce short shoots which have relatively greater investments in leaf mass and area, and lower in the woody stem, making them more suitable than long shoots to support concurrent fruit growth. This single framework of interpretation of how the different architectural and fruiting characteristics work and interact with one-another, will provide guidance for cultivar selection and breeding for intensive and super intensive olive orchards.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adolfo Rosati
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’analisi dell’Economia Agraria (CREA), Centro di Ricerca Olivicoltura, Frutticoltura e Agrumicoltura, Spoleto, Italy
| | - Andrea Paoletti
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’analisi dell’Economia Agraria (CREA), Centro di Ricerca Olivicoltura, Frutticoltura e Agrumicoltura, Spoleto, Italy
| | - Enrico Maria Lodolini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Franco Famiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mason PJ, Hoang NV, Botha FC, Furtado A, Marquardt A, Henry RJ. Organ-specific expression of genes associated with the UDP-glucose metabolism in sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrids). BMC Genomics 2023; 24:18. [PMID: 36639618 PMCID: PMC9840354 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09124-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The importance of uridine 5'-diphosphate glucose (UDP-G) synthesis and degradation on carbon (C) partitioning has been indicated in several studies of plant systems, whereby the kinetic properties and abundance of involved enzymes had a significant effect upon the volume of C moving into the hemicellulose, cellulose and sucrose pools. In this study, the expression of 136 genes belonging to 32 gene families related to UDP-G metabolism was studied in 3 major sugarcane organs (including leaf, internode and root) at 6 different developmental stages in 2 commercial genotypes. RESULTS Analysis of the genes associated with UDP-G metabolism in leaves indicated low expression of sucrose synthase, but relatively high expression of invertase genes, specifically cell-wall invertase 4 and neutral acid invertase 1-1 and 3 genes. Further, organs that are primarily responsible for sucrose synthesis or bioaccumulation, i.e., in source organs (mature leaves) and storage sink organs (mature internodes), had very low expression of sucrose, cellulose and hemicellulose synthesis genes, specifically sucrose synthase 1 and 2, UDP-G dehydrogenase 5 and several cellulose synthase subunit genes. Gene expression was mostly very low in both leaf and mature internode samples; however, leaves did have a comparatively heightened invertase and sucrose phosphate synthase expression. Major differences were observed in the transcription of several genes between immature sink organs (roots and immature internodes). Gene transcription favoured utilisation of UDP-G toward insoluble and respiratory pools in roots. Whereas, there was comparatively higher expression of sucrose synthetic genes, sucrose phosphate synthase 1 and 4, and comparatively lower expression of many genes associated with C flow to insoluble and respiratory pools including myo-Inositol oxygenase, UDP-G dehydrogenase 4, vacuolar invertase 1, and several cell-wall invertases in immature internodes. CONCLUSION This study represents the first effort to quantify the expression of gene families associated with UDP-G metabolism in sugarcane. Transcriptional analysis displayed the likelihood that C partitioning in sugarcane is closely related to the transcription of genes associated with the UDP-G metabolism. The data presented may provide an accurate genetic reference for future efforts in altering UDP-G metabolism and in turn C partitioning in sugarcane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J. Mason
- grid.1003.20000 0000 9320 7537Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), Level 2, Queensland Biosciences Precinct [#80], The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Nam V. Hoang
- grid.1003.20000 0000 9320 7537Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), Level 2, Queensland Biosciences Precinct [#80], The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072 Australia ,grid.4818.50000 0001 0791 5666Wageningen University and Research (WUR), PO Box 9101, Wageningen, 6700 HB The Netherlands
| | - Frederik C. Botha
- grid.1003.20000 0000 9320 7537Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), Level 2, Queensland Biosciences Precinct [#80], The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Agnelo Furtado
- grid.1003.20000 0000 9320 7537Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), Level 2, Queensland Biosciences Precinct [#80], The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Annelie Marquardt
- grid.1003.20000 0000 9320 7537Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Level 3, Queensland Biosciences Precinct [#80], The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Robert J. Henry
- grid.1003.20000 0000 9320 7537Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), Level 2, Queensland Biosciences Precinct [#80], The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dai H, Zhang W, Hua B, Zhu Z, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Miao M. Cucumber STACHYOSE SYNTHASE is regulated by its cis-antisense RNA asCsSTS to balance source-sink carbon partitioning. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:435-452. [PMID: 36342214 PMCID: PMC9806573 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthate partitioning between source and sink is a key determinant of crop yield. In contrast to sucrose-transporting plants, cucumber (Cucumis sativus) plants mainly transport stachyose and stachyose synthase (CsSTS) synthesizes stachyose in the vasculature for loading. Therefore, CsSTS is considered a key regulator of carbon partitioning. We found that CsSTS expression and CsSTS enzyme activity were upregulated in the vasculature and downregulated in mesophyll tissues at fruiting. In situ hybridization and tissue enrichment experiments revealed that a cis-natural antisense noncoding transcript of CsSTS, named asCsSTS, is mainly expressed in mesophyll tissues. In vitro overexpression (OE), RNA interference (RNAi), and dual luciferase reporter experiments indicated that CsSTSs are negatively regulated by asCsSTS. Fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed that asCsSTS transcript localized in leaf cytoplasm, indicating that the regulation of CsSTS by asCsSTS is a posttranscriptional process. Further investigation revealed that this regulation occurred by reducing CsSTS transcript stability through a DICER-like protein-mediated pathway. Chemically induced OE and RNAi of asCsSTS led to promotion or inhibition, respectively, of assimilate export from leaves and altered fruit growth rates. Our results suggest that the regulation of CsSTSs between the mesophyll and vasculature reduces sugar storage in mesophyll tissue and promotes assimilate export from the leaf when the plant carries fruit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Dai
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, China
| | - Wenyan Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, China
| | - Bing Hua
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, China
| | - Zihui Zhu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, China
| | - Jinji Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, China
| | - Zhiping Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, China
| | - Minmin Miao
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Huang SR, Ai Y, Du JB, Yu L, Wang XC, Yang WY, Sun X. Photosynthetic compensation of maize in heterogeneous light is impaired by restricted photosynthate export. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 192:50-56. [PMID: 36206706 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
When a plant is exposed to heterogeneous light, the photosynthesis of unshaded leaves is often stimulated to compensate for the decline in photosynthesis of shaded leaves, i.e., photosynthetic compensation. However, a decline of photosynthesis in unshaded leaves, which means an impairment of photosynthetic compensation, has also been widely reported. Herein, two cultivars of maize (Zea mays L.), 'Rongyu1210' (RY) and 'Zhongdan808' (ZD), were studied comparatively. Both cultivars performed evident photosynthetic compensation under heterogeneous light (HL) as the light phase begins (8:30 a.m.). However, as the light phase continues (10:30 a.m.), an impairment of photosynthetic compensation took place in HL-treated ZD, but not in HL-treated RY. For both cultivars, nitrogen content of unshaded leaves was higher under HL, indicating a preferential nitrogen distribution towards unshaded leaves. This is related to the photosynthetic compensation but not the cause of the impairment. In addition, no obvious difference was found in the response of photosynthates (sucrose and starch) to HL between cultivars at 8:30 a.m. However, at 10:30 a.m., the content of photosynthates decreased significantly in unshaded leaves of HL-treated RY, along with increased abundances of both sucrose transporters (SUTs) and H+-ATPase (EC 7.1.2.1). In contrast, it increased along with decreased abundances of SUTs and H+-ATPase in HL-treated ZD. These results suggest that the photosynthetic compensation is impaired when photosynthates export of unshaded leaves is restricted. This suggestion is further confirmed by the results of 13C labeling and dry weight detection on young leaves as 'sink'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Si-Rong Huang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yuan Ai
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jun-Bo Du
- Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-physiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Liang Yu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiao-Chun Wang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Wen-Yu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-physiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 611130, China; Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Xin Sun
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sales CRG, Wang Y, Evers JB, Kromdijk J. Improving C4 photosynthesis to increase productivity under optimal and suboptimal conditions. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:5942-5960. [PMID: 34268575 PMCID: PMC8411859 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Although improving photosynthetic efficiency is widely recognized as an underutilized strategy to increase crop yields, research in this area is strongly biased towards species with C3 photosynthesis relative to C4 species. Here, we outline potential strategies for improving C4 photosynthesis to increase yields in crops by reviewing the major bottlenecks limiting the C4 NADP-malic enzyme pathway under optimal and suboptimal conditions. Recent experimental results demonstrate that steady-state C4 photosynthesis under non-stressed conditions can be enhanced by increasing Rubisco content or electron transport capacity, both of which may also stimulate CO2 assimilation at supraoptimal temperatures. Several additional putative bottlenecks for photosynthetic performance under drought, heat, or chilling stress or during photosynthetic induction await further experimental verification. Based on source-sink interactions in maize, sugarcane, and sorghum, alleviating these photosynthetic bottlenecks during establishment and growth of the harvestable parts are likely to improve yield. The expected benefits are also shown to be augmented by the increasing trend in planting density, which increases the impact of photosynthetic source limitation on crop yields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina R G Sales
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Jochem B Evers
- Centre for Crops Systems Analysis (WUR), Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes Kromdijk
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sun X, Huang SR, Du JB, Wang XC, Yang WY. Potential importance of malate diffusion in the response of maize photosynthesis to heterogeneous light. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 162:69-73. [PMID: 33667968 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that the photosynthetic performance of a leaf is highly dependent on the systemic regulation from distal parts within a plant under light heterogeneity. However, there are few studies focusing on C4-specific processes. In the present study, two cultivars of maize (Zea mays L.), 'Rongyu 1210' (RY) and 'Zhongdan 808' (ZD), were treated with heterogeneous light (HL). The net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of newly developed leaves was found to increase in HL-treated RY, while it decreased in HL-treated ZD. Result also showed a negative correlation between the Pn and the content of malate, a key metabolite in C4 photosynthesis, in these two cultivars. In HL-treated ZD, malate content increased with a decline in the abundance of NADP-malic enzyme (EC 1.1.1.40), suggesting that less malate was decarboxylated. Moreover, a restriction of malate diffusion is proposed in HL-treated ZD, since the interface length between mesophyll cells (MC) and bundle sheath cells (BSC) decreased. In contrast, malate diffusion and subsequent decarboxylation in HL-treated RY should be stimulated, due to an increase in the abundance of NADP-malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.82) and a decline in the content of malate. In this case, malate diffusion from MC to BSC should be systemically stimulated, thereby facilitating C4 photosynthesis of a maize leaf in heterogeneous light. While if it is systemically restricted, C4 photosynthesis would be suppressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Sun
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-physiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China.
| | - Si-Rong Huang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun-Bo Du
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-physiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Chun Wang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-physiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China; Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, China
| | - Wen-Yu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-physiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China; Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cooney LJ, Beechey-Gradwell Z, Winichayakul S, Richardson KA, Crowther T, Anderson P, Scott RW, Bryan G, Roberts NJ. Changes in Leaf-Level Nitrogen Partitioning and Mesophyll Conductance Deliver Increased Photosynthesis for Lolium perenne Leaves Engineered to Accumulate Lipid Carbon Sinks. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:641822. [PMID: 33897730 PMCID: PMC8063613 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.641822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Diacylglycerol acyl-transferase (DGAT) and cysteine oleosin (CO) expression confers a novel carbon sink (of encapsulated lipid droplets) in leaves of Lolium perenne and has been shown to increase photosynthesis and biomass. However, the physiological mechanism by which DGAT + CO increases photosynthesis remains unresolved. To evaluate the relationship between sink strength and photosynthesis, we examined fatty acids (FA), water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC), gas exchange parameters and leaf nitrogen for multiple DGAT + CO lines varying in transgene accumulation. To identify the physiological traits which deliver increased photosynthesis, we assessed two important determinants of photosynthetic efficiency, CO2 conductance from atmosphere to chloroplast, and nitrogen partitioning between different photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic pools. We found that DGAT + CO accumulation increased FA at the expense of WSC in leaves of L. perenne and for those lines with a significant reduction in WSC, we also observed an increase in photosynthesis and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency. DGAT + CO L. perenne displayed no change in rubisco content or Vcmax but did exhibit a significant increase in specific leaf area (SLA), stomatal and mesophyll conductance, and leaf nitrogen allocated to photosynthetic electron transport. Collectively, we showed that increased carbon demand via DGAT+CO lipid sink accumulation can induce leaf-level changes in L. perenne which deliver increased rates of photosynthesis and growth. Carbon sinks engineered within photosynthetic cells provide a promising new strategy for increasing photosynthesis and crop productivity.
Collapse
|
9
|
Marquardt A, Henry RJ, Botha FC. Effect of sugar feedback regulation on major genes and proteins of photosynthesis in sugarcane leaves. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 158:321-333. [PMID: 33250321 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Productivity of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) relies upon sucrose production in leaves and movement to sinks. The feedback regulatory effect of sugar upon photosynthesis balances this process involving Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPCase) and Rubisco where greater understanding in this area may allow manipulation to achieve higher yields. Accumulation of sucrose in leaves and decreased photosynthesis are early symptoms of the condition called yellow canopy syndrome (YCS) in sugarcane, which presents as a system in which to study sucrose feedback regulation. This work investigates changes in gene expression and protein abundance which coincide with the sugar accumulation in the leaves of YCS symptomatic sugarcane. During the early-stage of sugar accumulation, the levels of the Photosystem II core protein D1, and PsbQ of the oxygen-evolving complex decreased significantly. Transcript levels of these proteins also decreased, suggesting both nuclear and chloroplast gene expression were affected early in sugar build-up of YCS development. Transcript level of primary carbon fixation reactions enzyme NADP malate dehydrogenase was especially downregulated. However, PEPCase, decarboxylation and re-fixation (Rubisco) enzymes were not negatively regulated at the transcript or protein abundance level. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase was upregulated in both gene expression and protein abundance. The Calvin cycle in the bundle sheath was sensitive through the CP12 protein. Two isoforms of CP12 were found, one of which showed downregulation which coincided with a decrease in CP12 protein. This suggests transcript and protein decrease of PEPCase and Rubisco may be secondary regulation points of the sugar feedback regulation process upon photosynthesis in sugarcane leaves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annelie Marquardt
- Sugar Research Australia, PO Box 68, Indooroopilly, Qld, 4068, Australia; Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld, 4067, Australia.
| | - Robert J Henry
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld, 4067, Australia
| | - Frederik C Botha
- Sugar Research Australia, PO Box 68, Indooroopilly, Qld, 4068, Australia; Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld, 4067, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sun X, Huang SR, Ai Y, Zhang EZ, Wang XC, Du JB, Yang WY. Comparative study on the different responses of maize photosynthesis to systemic regulation under light heterogeneity. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 301:110666. [PMID: 33218633 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic performance of a leaf is widely recognized to be systemically regulated by distal parts within the same plant. However, the effects of systemic regulation on different plant materials cannot be generalized. In this work, two cultivars of maize (Zea mays L.), 'Rongyu 1210' (RY) and 'Zhongdan 808' (ZD), were selected for a comparative study on the different responses of photosynthesis to light-dependent systemic regulation. After the growth of plants in heterogeneous light, the net photosynthetic rate of newly developed leaves increased in RY but decreased in ZD. A distinct capacity of CO2 fixation and assimilation between these two cultivars is also suggested. In ZD, the area of vascular bundles declined obviously, suggesting a restriction on carbohydrate export, which is also indicated by an increase in starch content. Resulting excessive accumulation of carbohydrates is proposed to inhibit the carbon assimilation, and eventually the photosynthesis. A decline in the area of bundle sheath cells also suggests a restriction on carbon assimilation. In contrast, these restrictions were unlikely to present in RY. This study reveals that the response of leaf photosynthetic performance to light heterogeneity is largely dependent on the systemic regulation of carbon assimilation, as well as carbohydrate export in maize.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Sun
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-physiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Si-Rong Huang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yuan Ai
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - En-Ze Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiao-Chun Wang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jun-Bo Du
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-physiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Wen-Yu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-physiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Chengdu 611130, China; Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu 611130, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Saez JV, Mariotti JA, Vega CRC. Source-sink relationships during early crop development influence earliness of sugar accumulation in sugarcane. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:5157-5171. [PMID: 31128071 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In subtropical environments where sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) crops are frequently limited by the duration of the growth cycle, earliness in maturity is a key genotypic trait. Using the concept of source-sink relationships, we hypothesised that earliness is controlled by the dynamics of tillering (DT), which define sink strength early in the growth cycle. Five modern commercial sugarcane genotypes with similar sucrose yields and varying degrees of earliness in ripening were grown in the field over three years and their DT, dynamics of sucrose accumulation (DS), and source-sink relationships over time were characterised. Canonical correlations and principal components analysis revealed that DT explained 68% of the total variance in DS. Early ripening genotypes exhibited the shortest thermal time to the end of tiller mortality (θTilmort), the lowest tiller survival and millable tiller number, and greatest sugar content at θTilmort (Sconc,Tilmort). The rate and duration of the sucrose accumulation phase did not explain the genotypic variation either in final sugar content or in earliness when considered in isolation without taking into account the effect of Sconc,Tilmort. In the set of genotypes examined, the variation in final sucrose yield was most explained by the variation in stalk number. We conclude that the dynamics of tiller appearance and senescence modified the early source-sink relationships and thus determined the differential sucrose contents around θTilmort and the earliness of maximal sugar accumulation. θTilmort, which was closely associated with the 14-leaf phenological stage, emerged as a candidate trait to screen for genotypic variation in early ripening, crop cycle duration, and yield.
Collapse
|
12
|
Chen Z, Qin C, Wang M, Liao F, Liao Q, Liu X, Li Y, Lakshmanan P, Long M, Huang D. Ethylene-mediated improvement in sucrose accumulation in ripening sugarcane involves increased sink strength. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:285. [PMID: 31253103 PMCID: PMC6599285 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1882-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sugarcane is a major crop producing about 80% of sugar globally. Increasing sugar content is a top priority for sugarcane breeding programs worldwide, however, the progress is extremely slow. Owing to its commercial significance, the physiology of sucrose accumulation has been studied extensively but it did not lead to any significant practical outcomes. Recent molecular studies are beginning to recognize genes and gene networks associated with this phenomenon. To further advance our molecular understanding of sucrose accumulation, we altered sucrose content of sugarcane genotypes with inherently large variation for sucrose accumulation using a sugarcane ripener, ethylene, and studied their transcriptomes to identify genes associated with the phenomenon. RESULTS Sucrose content variation in the experimental genotypes was substantial, with the top-performing clone producing almost 60% more sucrose than the poorest performer. Ethylene treatment increased stem sucrose content but that occurred only in low-sugar genotype. Transcriptomic analyses have identified about 160,000 unigenes of which 86,000 annotated genes were classified into functional groups associated with carbohydrate metabolism, signaling, localization, transport, hydrolysis, growth, catalytic activity, membrane and storage, suggesting the structural and functional specification, including sucrose accumulation, occurring in maturing internodes. About 25,000 genes were differentially expressed between all genotypes and treatments combined. Genotype had a dominant effect on differential gene expression than ethylene treatment. Sucrose and starch metabolism genes were more responsive to ethylene treatment in low-sugar genotype. Ethylene caused differential gene expression of many stress-related transcription factors, carbohydrate metabolism, hormone metabolism and epigenetic modification. Ethylene-induced expression of ethylene-responsive transcription factors, cytosolic acid- and cell wall-bound invertases, and ATPase was more pronounced in low- than in high-sugar genotype, suggesting an ethylene-stimulated sink activity and consequent increased sucrose accumulation in low-sugar genotype. CONCLUSION Ethylene-induced sucrose accumulation is more pronounced in low-sugar sugarcane genotype, and this is possibly achieved by the preferential activation of genes such as invertases that increase sink strength in the stem. The relatively high enrichment of differentially expressed genes associated with hormone metabolism and signaling and stress suggests a strong hormonal regulation of source-sink activity, growth and sucrose accumulation in sugarcane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongliang Chen
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004 China
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs /Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement /Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007 China
| | - Cuixian Qin
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs /Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement /Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007 China
| | - Miao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs /Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement /Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007 China
| | - Fen Liao
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs /Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement /Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007 China
| | - Qing Liao
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs /Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement /Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007 China
| | - Xihui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs /Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement /Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007 China
| | - Yangrui Li
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs /Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement /Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007 China
| | - Prakash Lakshmanan
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs /Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement /Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007 China
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, QLD, St Lucia, 4072 Australia
| | - Minghua Long
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004 China
| | - Dongliang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs /Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement /Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007 China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rosati A, Paoletti A, Al Hariri R, Morelli A, Famiani F. Resource investments in reproductive growth proportionately limit investments in whole-tree vegetative growth in young olive trees with varying crop loads. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 38:1267-1277. [PMID: 29474732 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpy011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
It has long been debated whether tree growth is source limited, or whether photosynthesis is adjusted to the actual sink demand, directly regulated by internal and environmental factors. Many studies support both possibilities, but no studies have provided quantitative data at the whole-tree level, across different cultivars and fruit load treatments. This study investigated the effect of different levels of reproductive growth on whole-tree biomass growth across two olive cultivars with different growth rates (i.e., Arbequina, slow-growing and Frantoio, fast-growing), over 2 years. Young trees of both cultivars were completely deflowered either in 2014, 2015, both years or never, providing a range of levels of cumulated reproductive growth over the 2 years. Total vegetative dry matter growth over the 2 years was assessed by destructive sampling (whole tree). Vegetative growth increased significantly less in fruiting trees, however, the total of vegetative and reproductive growth did not differ significantly for any treatment or cultivar. Vegetative growth over the 2 years was closely (R2 = 0.89) and inversely related to reproductive growth across all treatments and cultivars. When using data from 2015 only, the regression improved further (i.e., R2 = 0.99). When biomass was converted into grams of glucose equivalents, based on the chemical composition of the different parts, the results indicated that for every gram of glucose equivalent invested in reproductive growth, vegetative growth was reduced by 0.73-0.78 g of glucose equivalent. This indicates that competition for resources played a major role in determining tree growth, but also that photosynthesis was probably also enhanced at increasing fruit load (or downregulated at decreasing fruit load). The leaf area per unit of trunk cross sectional area increased with deflowering (i.e., decreased with reproductive growth), suggesting that water relations might have limited photosynthesis in deflowered plants, which had much greater canopies. Net assimilation rate (NAR) increased with reproductive growth and decreased with plant size. Net assimilation rate was also negatively correlated with the leaf area per unit of trunk cross sectional area, suggesting that water relations might have contributed to decreasing NAR at increasing plant size.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adolfo Rosati
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, centro di ricerca Olivicoltura, Frutticoltura e Agrumicoltura (CREA - OFA), via Nursina 2, Spoleto (PG), Italy
| | - Andrea Paoletti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, Perugia, Italy
| | - Raeed Al Hariri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessio Morelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, Perugia, Italy
| | - Franco Famiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, Perugia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
CARON BRAULIOO, ELLI ELVISF, BEHLING ALEXANDRE, ELOY ELDER, SCHMIDT DENISE, STOLZLE JOHN. Growth of tree species and sugarcane production in agroforestry systems. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2018; 90:2425-2436. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201820170313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
15
|
Jansson C, Vogel J, Hazen S, Brutnell T, Mockler T. Climate-smart crops with enhanced photosynthesis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:3801-3809. [PMID: 30032188 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The potential of enhanced photosynthetic efficiency to help achieve the sustainable yield increases required to meet future demands for food and energy has spurred intense research towards understanding, modeling, and engineering photosynthesis. These current efforts, largely focused on the C3 model Arabidopsis thaliana or crop plants (e.g. rice, sorghum, maize, and wheat), could be intensified and broadened using model systems closely related to our food, feed, and energy crops and that allow rapid design-build-test-learn cycles. In this outlooking Opinion, we advocate for a concerted effort to expand our understanding and improve our ability to redesign carbon uptake, allocation, and utilization. We propose two specific research directions that combine enhanced photosynthesis with climate-smart metabolic attributes: (i) engineering pathways for flexible (facultative) C3-C4 metabolism where plants will operate either C3 or C4 photosynthesis based on environmental conditions such as temperature, light, and atmospheric CO2 levels; and (ii) increasing rhizospheric sink strength for carbon utilization, including strategies that allow for augmented transport of carbon to the soil for improved soil properties and carbon storage without jeopardizing aboveground crop biomass. We argue that such ambitious undertakings be first approached and demonstrated by exploring the full genomic potential of two model grasses, the C3Brachypodium distachyon and the C4Setaria viridis. The development of climate-smart crops could provide novel and bold solutions to increase crop productivity while reducing atmospheric carbon and nitrogen emissions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christer Jansson
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - John Vogel
- DOE Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Walnut Creek CA, USA
| | - Samuel Hazen
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | | | - Todd Mockler
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
De Souza AP, Grandis A, Arenque-Musa BC, Buckeridge MS. Diurnal variation in gas exchange and nonstructural carbohydrates throughout sugarcane development. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2018; 45:865-876. [PMID: 32291068 DOI: 10.1071/fp17268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis and growth are dependent on environmental conditions and plant developmental stages. However, it is still not clear how the environment and development influence the diurnal dynamics of nonstructural carbohydrates production and how they affect growth. This is particularly the case of C4 plants such as sugarcane (Saccharum spp.). Aiming to understand the dynamics of leaf gas exchange and nonstructural carbohydrates accumulation in different organs during diurnal cycles across the developmental stages, we evaluated these parameters in sugarcane plants in a 12-month field experiment. Our results show that during the first 3 months of development, light and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) were the primary drivers of photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and growth. After 6 months, in addition to light and VPD, drought, carbohydrate accumulation and the mechanisms possibly associated with water status maintenance were also likely to play a role in gas exchange and growth regulation. Carbohydrates vary throughout the day in all organs until Month 9, consistent with their use for growth during the night. At 12 months, sucrose is accumulated in all organs and starch had accumulated in leaves without any diurnal variation. Understanding of how photosynthesis and the dynamics of carbohydrates are controlled might lead to strategies that could increase sugarcane's biomass production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda P De Souza
- Laboratory of Plant Physiological Ecology, Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-090, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriana Grandis
- Laboratory of Plant Physiological Ecology, Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-090, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruna C Arenque-Musa
- Laboratory of Plant Physiological Ecology, Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-090, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos S Buckeridge
- Laboratory of Plant Physiological Ecology, Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-090, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Marcos FCC, Silveira NM, Mokochinski JB, Sawaya ACHF, Marchiori PER, Machado EC, Souza GM, Landell MGA, Ribeiro RV. Drought tolerance of sugarcane is improved by previous exposure to water deficit. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 223:9-18. [PMID: 29433084 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Under field conditions, plants are exposed to cycles of dehydration and rehydration during their lifespan. In this study, we hypothesized that sugarcane plants previously exposed to cycles of water deficits will perform better than plants that have never faced water deficits when both are subjected to low water availability. Sugarcane plants were grown in a nutrient solution and exposed to one (1WD), two (2WD) or three (3WD) water deficit cycles. As the reference, plants were grown in a nutrient solution without adding polyethylene glycol. Under water deficits, leaf gas exchange was significantly reduced in 1WD and 2WD plants. However, 3WD plants showed similar CO2 assimilation and lower stomatal conductance compared to the reference plants, with increases in intrinsic water-use efficiency. Abscisic acid concentrations were lower in 3WD plants than in 1WD plants. Our data revealed root H2O2 concentration as an important chemical signal, with the highest root H2O2 concentrations found in 3WD plants. These plants presented higher root dry matter and root:shoot ratios compared to the reference plants, as well as higher biomass production when water was available. Our data suggest that sugarcane plants were able to store information from previous stressful events, with plant performance improving under water deficits. In addition, our findings provide a new perspective for increasing drought tolerance in sugarcane plants under nursery conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda C C Marcos
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Neidiquele M Silveira
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology "Coaracy M. Franco", Centre for Research and Development in Ecophysiology and Biophysics, Agronomic Institute (IAC), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - João B Mokochinski
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandra C H F Sawaya
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo E R Marchiori
- Department of Biology, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Eduardo C Machado
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology "Coaracy M. Franco", Centre for Research and Development in Ecophysiology and Biophysics, Agronomic Institute (IAC), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo M Souza
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcos G A Landell
- Advanced Center for Technological Research of Sugarcane, Agronomic Institute (IAC), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael V Ribeiro
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|