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Mahmood T, Moosa A, Zulfiqar F, Alharthy OM, Hadadi F, Alhelaify SS, Fayad E, Alqurashi M, Alsharari SF, Alatawy M, Ghabban H, Alzayed RM, Alhajouj SA. Bacillus velezensis JM11 and Bacillus pumilus CPCF54 ameliorate Cadmium-Induced Oxidative Stress in Gladiolus grandiflorus Cut Flower. Curr Microbiol 2025; 82:167. [PMID: 40035858 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-025-04151-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2025] [Indexed: 03/06/2025]
Abstract
Gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflorus) is a highly-valued bulbous flower crop that is commercially grown worldwide for its versatile and showy cut flowers. Among the heavy metals, cadmium (Cd) stress has adverse effects on the growth and quality of gladiolus flowers. In this study, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) strains including Bacillus velezensis JM11 and Bacillus pumilus CPCF54 were evaluated for their potential to mitigate Cd stress in gladiolus. These strains exhibited the ability to produce siderophores, indole-3-acetic acid, and solubilize phosphates. B. velezensis JM11 and B. pumilus CPCF54 application improved the vegetative and ornamental traits of gladiolus under Cd stress condition. Furthermore, the application of JM11 and CPCF54 also improved stomatal conductance, photosynthesis rate, and transpiration rate compared to non-treated Cd-stressed gladiolus plants. The reduction in oxidative stress was noticed as hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, membrane stability index, and electrolyte leakage were decreased in gladiolus plants treated with JM11 and CPCF54 under Cd stress. Moreover, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD) were enhanced in response to the application of Bacillus strains compared to control and Cd-treated plants. The expression of CAT1, MnSODM, and POD genes was upregulated in plants treated with JM11 and CPCF54 under Cd stress. In conclusion, JM11 and CPCF54 had the potential to improve plant growth and Cd stress tolerance in gladiolus plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Mahmood
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Anam Moosa
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
| | - Faisal Zulfiqar
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
| | - Ohud Muslat Alharthy
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, 21944, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatimah Hadadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Al-Baha University, P.O. Box 1988, 65527, Al-Baha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Seham Sater Alhelaify
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, 21944, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Fayad
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, 21944, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alqurashi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, 21944, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan F Alsharari
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities, Shaqra University, 11961, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marfat Alatawy
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, 71491, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanaa Ghabban
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, 71491, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
- Biodiversity Genomics Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, 71491, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasha M Alzayed
- Biology Department, College of Science, Jouf University, 41412, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sondos A Alhajouj
- Biology Department, College of Science, Jouf University, 41412, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
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