Comparison of metaproteomics workflows for deciphering the functions of gut microbiota in an animal model of obesity

Integration of Conjugated Linoleic Acid-Producing Probiotic Strains Having Anti-adipogenic Properties with Honey and Oyster Mushrooms for the Formulation of Non-dairy Probiotic Beverage

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has been linked to various health benefits, including anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, and anti-obesity effects. Obesity, marked by abnormal fat deposition, increases the risk of metabolic disorders such as cardiovascular diseases and type-2 diabetes. Natural anti-adipogenic modulators with insulin sensitivity are one of the approaches to address the issue. In the present study, four distinct CLA-producing probiotic strains (Lacticaseibacillus paracasei LUL:01, Latilactobacillus curvatus LGM:16, Lactiplantibacillus paraplantarum LRJ1:09, and Enterococcus faecalis LJM:05) were assessed in vitro for their potential anti-adipogenic properties using 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Out of four strains, LGM:16 inhibited lipid accumulation (100.27%), reduced intracellular triglyceride content (168.42, 168.16, and 153.66 mg/dL in a dose-dependent manner), and enhanced insulin sensitivity (32.23%) by increasing glucose uptake. Quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction revealed the expression genes (PPARγ, C/EBPα, and GLUT-4) in LGM:16 strain. Consequently, LGM: 16 was used to develop a non-dairy probiotic formulation incorporating honey and Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom, ensuring a probiotic count above the minimum recommended level of 6 Log10 CFU/mL. Further, response surface methodology optimized probiotic beverage formulation to achieve favorable nutritional, good sensory profile, antioxidant, and anti-obesity activity, making it a promising candidate for health benefits.

Proteomic scrutiny of nasal microbiomes: implications for the clinic

INTRODUCTION

The nasal cavity is the initial site of the human respiratory tract and is one of the habitats where microorganisms colonize. The findings from a growing number of studies have shown that the nasal microbiome is an important factor for human disease and health. 16S rRNA sequencing and metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) are the most commonly used means of microbiome evaluation. Among them, 16S rRNA sequencing is the primary method used in previous studies of nasal microbiomes. However, neither 16S rRNA sequencing nor mNGS can be used to analyze the genes specifically expressed by nasal microorganisms and their functions. This problem can be addressed by proteomic analysis of the nasal microbiome.

AREAS COVERED

In this review, we summarize current advances in research on the nasal microbiome, introduce the methods for proteomic evaluation of the nasal microbiome, and focus on the important roles of proteomic evaluation of the nasal microbiome in the diagnosis and treatment of related diseases.

EXPERT OPINION

The detection method for microbiome-expressed proteins is known as metaproteomics. Metaproteomic analysis can help us dig deeper into the nasal microbiomes and provide new targets and ideas for clinical diagnosis and treatment of many nasal dysbiosis-related diseases.

Selection and Characterization of Probiotic Bacteria Exhibiting Antiadipogenic Potential in 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes

Abnormal adipocyte growth, distinguished by an increase in cell numbers and cellular differentiation, is regarded as a major pathological characteristic of obesity. Thus, inhibition of adipogenic differentiation in adipocytes could prevent obesity. Recently, certain probiotic stains have been reported to regulate lipid metabolism in vitro and/or in vivo. In this backdrop, this study aimed to investigate basic probiotic properties and potential antiobesity characteristics of mouse 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Six lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains were prescreened for their cholesterol-lowering activity, antioxidant activity, and survival at low pH and in a solution containing bile salts. These six strains were investigated for antiadipogenic activity by employing 3T3-L1 mouse preadipocytes. 3T3-L1 cells were treated with selected strains during the differentiation process. Lactobacillus johnsonii 3121 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus 86 were found to be more capable of reducing triglyceride and lipid accumulation, as compared to control group, which are fully differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. These strains also inhibited adipocyte differentiation by downregulating the adipogenic transcription factor in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Taken together, these results indicate that L. johnsonni 3121 and L. rhamnosus 86 could potentially act as probiotic bacteria and prevent fat accumulation by regulating adipogenesis-related markers.