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Kamaluddin MR, Munusamy S, Sheau Tsuey C, Abdullah Mohd Nor H. Relational aggression in romantic relationship: empirical evidence among young female adults in Malaysia. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:305. [PMID: 38807252 PMCID: PMC11134666 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01670-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aggressive behaviour in romantic relationship is a social problem of great concern. Studies related to the influence of psychosocial factors on relational aggression are still limited. Furthermore, these factors have not been widely studied in the local context, resulting in the issue of relational aggression among young female adults still not being addressed. This study aims to explore whether psychosocial factors such as big five personality traits, adult attachment style and loneliness could predict relational aggression in romantic relationships among young female adults in Malaysia. In addition, this study aims to identify the moderating effect of social support in the relationship between psychosocial factors and relational aggression in romantic relationship. METHODS A quantitative research approach was used with 424 young female adults in Malaysia aged between 18 and 30 years old (mean age = 24.18) were recruited through multistage sampling design by completing a questionnaire consisting of the Big Five Inventory (BFI), Experiences in Close Relationships Scale II (ECRS-II), Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale, Measure of Relational Aggression and Victimization (MRAV) and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). RESULTS Multiple regression analysis predicted significant relationship between agreeableness personality, loneliness, avoidant attachment style and anxious attachment style with relational aggression in romantic relationships. Hierarchical regression analysis found a significant effect of social support as a moderator between loneliness with relational aggression in romantic relationships. CONCLUSIONS Thus, the results show that young female adults with low level of agreeableness, high level of loneliness, avoidant attachment style and anxious attachment style are at a higher risk of engaging in relational aggression in romantic relationships. The implication of this study can help in understanding the psychosocial factors that form the basis of relational aggression in romantic relationships. Hence, the gap in knowledge warrants further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rahim Kamaluddin
- Centre for Research in Psychology and Human Well Being, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, National University of Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Shalini Munusamy
- Department of Psychology, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Bandar Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Chong Sheau Tsuey
- Centre for Research in Psychology and Human Well Being, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, National University of Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hilwa Abdullah Mohd Nor
- Centre for Research in Psychology and Human Well Being, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, National University of Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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Li D, Coker B, Rowe AC. Validation of a new assessment of hostile attribution bias in romantic relationships: The Hostile Attributions in Romantic Relationships Test. JOURNAL OF MARITAL AND FAMILY THERAPY 2024; 50:328-347. [PMID: 38361214 DOI: 10.1111/jmft.12694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
While hostile attributional bias (a tendency to interpret others' behaviors as intentionally hostile) is associated with negative outcomes in romantic relationships, no measure has been developed specifically for this context. Here, we describe the development and validation of a self-report questionnaire across three studies, named Hostile Attribution in Romantic Relationships Test. Study 1 introduces the development and preliminary validation (N = 152). Study 2 tests the validity and test-retest stability of the modified version revised based on findings in Study 1 (N = 151). Study 3 reports the translation and validation of a Chinese version (N = 630). The final 9-vignette scale is the first to specifically measure hostile attribution bias in romantic relationships, with good internal reliability, test-retest stability, and convergent validity. Factor analysis reveals a three-factor structure reflecting direct hostile attribution, indirect hostile attribution, and benign attribution to partners' behaviors. Implications regarding couple dynamics and clinical therapeutic interventions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Li
- School of Psychological Science, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Angela C Rowe
- School of Psychological Science, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Colton KC, Godleski SA, Crane CA. Applying a bifactor model to the functions of relational aggression: Associations with hostile attribution biases and difficulties with emotion regulation. Aggress Behav 2023; 49:58-67. [PMID: 36153837 DOI: 10.1002/ab.22053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Previous research suggests that reactive and proactive aggression likely have distinct underlying mechanisms that uniquely contribute to the perpetration of each as a result of faulty cognitive and emotional processes. Still, very little work has examined the association of the functions of relational aggression with emotion dysregulation and hostile attribution biases. In addition, it is important to examine relational aggression in its pure and co-occurring functions given that past work finds reactive and proactive aggression to occur both jointly and distinctly. Thus, the current study employed a bifactor model to distinguish between pure reactive, pure proactive, and co-occurring relational aggression in emerging adulthood (N = 647, Mage = 19.92, SD = 2.83), a developmental time period for which relational aggression is particularly prominent. To further address gaps in the relational aggression literature, indirect pathway models revealed that relational hostile attribution biases emerged as a concurrent indirect path in the relationship between emotion dysregulation and pure reactive relational aggression. Furthermore, emotion dysregulation was directly positively associated with both pure functions as well as co-occurring relational aggression, and hostile attribution biases for relational provocations were directly associated with both pure functions of relational aggression, though the association was negative for pure proactive and positive for pure reactive relational aggression. Findings highlight the potential influence of emotion dysregulation and attributing hostile intent to social situations on engaging in the different functions of relational aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kassidy C Colton
- Department of Psychology, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Stephanie A Godleski
- Department of Psychology, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Cory A Crane
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York, USA
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Godleski SA, Murray‐Close D. Assessment of hostile intent attributions across escalating conflict stories. Aggress Behav 2022; 49:249-260. [PMID: 36480691 DOI: 10.1002/ab.22066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Previous research suggests the importance of intent attributions in the development and maintenance of aggressive behavior. The primary purpose of the current study was to develop a measure assessing increases in attributions of hostility in response to escalating social conflict scenarios that were relational and instrumental in nature and to determine whether hostility trajectories were associated with relevant social experiences and behavior. A sample of primarily emerging adults (n = 750; M age = 19.97, SD = 3.60; 49.4% women, 48.3% men, 2.3% nonbinary or transgender; 69.9% Caucasian) responded to surveys regarding social behavior, peer victimization, and reports of hostile attribution biases in addition to the developed measure. Findings indicated that individuals adjusted their intent attributions across the conflict escalation stories, as reflected in linear increases in hostility ratings. Hostile attribution trajectories were also related to hostile attribution biases, peer victimization, and social behavior, including physical and relational aggression and prosocial behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dianna Murray‐Close
- Department of Psychological Science The University of Vermont Burlington Vermont USA
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McCloskey MS, Chen EY, Olino TM, Coccaro EF. Cognitive-Behavioral Versus Supportive Psychotherapy for Intermittent Explosive Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Behav Ther 2022; 53:1133-1146. [PMID: 36229112 DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Few clinical trials have evaluated the efficacy of psychotherapy for Intermittent Explosive Disorder (IED). The present study tested the efficacy of a cognitive behavioral intervention (versus supportive psychotherapy) among adults with IED. In this randomized clinical trial, 44 participants with IED (22 men and 22 women) aged 20-55 years completed twelve 50-minute individual sessions of either a multi-component cognitive behavioral intervention for IED (n = 19) or a time equated supportive psychotherapy (n = 25). At baseline, posttreatment, and 3-month follow-up, all participants received the Overt Aggression Scale-Modified, which was conducted by an interviewer who was blind to the participant's study condition. During these visits, participants also completed self-report measures of relational aggression (Self-Report of Relational Aggression and Social Behavior), anger (State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2), cognitive biases (e.g., Social Information Processing Questionnaire Attribution and Emotional Response Questionnaire), and associated symptoms (e.g., Beck Depression Inventory). Primary study outcomes were aggressive behavior and anger. Though participants in both treatments tended to improve over time, the cognitive behavioral intervention was superior to supportive psychotherapy in decreasing aggressive behavior and relational aggression. These findings support the efficacy of a multicomponent cognitive behavioral intervention in treating aggression in IED.
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Temporal stability of relational aggression profiles in adolescents. J Sch Psychol 2022; 92:19-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsp.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Voulgaridou I, Kokkinos CM, Markos A. Is relational aggression a means of pursuing social goals among adolescents with specific personality traits? PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pits.22705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Voulgaridou
- Department of Primary Education, School of Education Sciences Democritus University of Thrace Alexandroupolis Greece
| | - Constantinos M. Kokkinos
- Department of Primary Education, School of Education Sciences Democritus University of Thrace Alexandroupolis Greece
| | - Angelos Markos
- Department of Primary Education, School of Education Sciences Democritus University of Thrace Alexandroupolis Greece
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Ciesinski NK, Drabick DAG, McCloskey MS. A latent class analysis of intermittent explosive disorder symptoms. J Affect Disord 2022; 302:367-375. [PMID: 35101522 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.01.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Intermittent explosive disorder (IED), the sole diagnosis in the DSM-5 for which the cardinal symptom is recurrent affective aggressive outbursts, is a common and substantially impairing disorder. IED is also associated with several cognitive and affective impairments. However, little is known about the heterogeneity of the disorder and how this may correspond to aggression severity and related adverse outcomes. The current study employed a latent class analysis (LCA) among individuals diagnosed with lifetime DSM-5 IED to derive distinct subgroups that differed in the quality and/or frequency of cognitive-affective symptoms. These subgroups were then externally validated on a number of adverse outcomes. Statistical and clinical indicators supported a four-class model. Classes were distinguished mainly by the level of emotion dysregulation participants endorsed, with two moderate emotion dysregulation classes differing on their emotional information processing and impulsive tendencies. The external validation analysis revealed that classes differed in terms of various adverse outcomes (e.g., interpersonal problems, life satisfaction, suicide risk). Overall, the present study suggests distinct cognitiveaffective symptom profiles among those with IED that differ meaningfully with regard to risk for adverse outcomes. These findings provide evidence of the heterogeneity within IED and may suggest a more personalized therapeutic approach to patients with IED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole K Ciesinski
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Weiss Hall Room 551, 1701 N. 13th St., Philadelphia, PA 19122, Pennsylvania.
| | - Deborah A G Drabick
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Weiss Hall Room 551, 1701 N. 13th St., Philadelphia, PA 19122, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael S McCloskey
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Weiss Hall Room 551, 1701 N. 13th St., Philadelphia, PA 19122, Pennsylvania
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Schacter HL, Pettit C, Kim Y, Sichko S, Timmons AC, Chaspari T, Han SC, Margolin G. A Matter of the Heart: Daytime Relationship Functioning and Overnight Heart Rate in Young Dating Couples. Ann Behav Med 2021; 54:794-803. [PMID: 32282892 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaaa019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although past longitudinal research demonstrates that romantic partners affect one another's health outcomes, considerably less is known about how romantic experiences "get under the skin" in everyday life. PURPOSE The current study investigated whether young couples' naturally occurring feelings of closeness to and annoyance with each other during waking hours were associated with their overnight cardiovascular activity. METHODS Participants were 63 heterosexual young adult dating couples (Mage = 23.07). Using ecological momentary assessments, couples reported their hourly feelings of closeness to and annoyance with their partners across 1 day; subsequent overnight heart rate was captured through wearable electrocardiogram biosensors. Actor-partner interdependence models tested whether individuals' overnight heart rate varied as a function of (a) their own daytime feelings of closeness and annoyance (actor effects) and (b) their partner's daytime feelings of closeness and annoyance (partner effects) while controlling for daytime heart rate. RESULTS Although young adults' feelings of romantic closeness and annoyance were unrelated to their own overnight heart rate (i.e., no actor effects), gender-specific partner effects emerged. Young men's nocturnal heart rate was uniquely predicted by their female partner's daytime relationship feelings. When women felt closer to their partners during the day, men exhibited lower overnight heart rate. When women felt more annoyed with their partners during the day, men exhibited heightened overnight heart rate. CONCLUSIONS The findings illustrate gender-specific links between couple functioning and physiological arousal in the everyday lives of young dating couples, implicating physiological sensitivity to partner experiences as one potential pathway through which relationships affect health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Corey Pettit
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Yehsong Kim
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stassja Sichko
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Adela C Timmons
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Theodora Chaspari
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Sohyun C Han
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gayla Margolin
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Eisenbarth H, Hart CM, Zechmeister J, Kudielka BM, Wüst S. Exploring the differential contribution of boldness, meanness, and disinhibition to explain externalising and internalising behaviours across genders. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02134-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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Song Q, Lent MC, Suo T, Murray-Close D, Wang Q. Relational victimization and depressive symptoms: The interactive role of physiological reactivity and narrative processing. Int J Psychophysiol 2021; 166:92-102. [PMID: 34048867 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2021.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Although previous studies have documented that relational victimization serves as a risk factor for depressive symptoms across developmental periods, heterogeneity in effects highlights the possibility that some individuals may be especially vulnerable. This study examined two factors that may influence the link between relational victimization and depressive symptoms: physiological reactivity and narrative processing during the recounting of a past victimization experience. In a sample of 200 college students, we examined narrative processing (i.e., use of disengagement coping strategies, positive resolution, and primary control coping strategies) and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) reactivity, assessed during a standard laboratory interview, as moderators of the link between self-reported relational victimization and depressive symptoms. Although relational victimization was associated with increased rates of depressive symptoms, a combination of RSA activation and high disengagement coping appeared protective for individuals high in relational victimization. Similarly, a combination of RSA activation and high levels of positive resolution appeared protective against depressive symptoms among individuals high in relational victimization. The findings shed critical light on the interaction of physiological and cognitive processes in coping with relational victimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfang Song
- Department of Applied Human Sciences, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY, USA.
| | - Maria C Lent
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Tong Suo
- Department of Human Development, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Dianna Murray-Close
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Human Development, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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Moroń M, Biolik-Moroń M. Emotional awareness and relational aggression: The roles of anger and maladaptive anger regulation. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.110646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Unraveling the effect of mindfulness on romantic relational aggression: A multiple mediation model. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Armstrong T, Wells J, Boisvert DL, Lewis RH, Cooke EM, Woeckener M, Kavish N. An exploratory analysis of testosterone, cortisol, and aggressive behavior type in men and women. Biol Psychol 2021; 161:108073. [PMID: 33727106 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2021.108073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that the interaction between testosterone and cortisol is associated with variation in aggressive behavior. However, results are mixed. The current study further explored the association between testosterone, cortisol, and both reactive and proactive aggression in a large sample of university students. Models considered direct and interactive effects between baseline measures of testosterone and cortisol as well as change in hormones in response to a social stressor. In women, baseline cortisol had a negative direct association with reactive aggression and was further associated with reactive aggression in interaction with baseline testosterone (positive interaction). Hormones were unrelated to reactive aggression in men. Baseline cortisol had a negative direct association with proactive aggression in women. In contrast, the association between change in cortisol and proactive aggression was positive. Cortisol was not associated with proactive aggression in men. In addition, testosterone was not related to proactive aggression either directly or in interaction with cortisol in either men or women. Collectively, these results show that the association between hormones and aggression varies across aggressive behavior type and across sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd Armstrong
- School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Nebraska Omaha, 6001 Dodge Street, Omaha, NE, 68182, United States.
| | - Jessica Wells
- Department of Criminal Justice, Boise State University, Boise, ID, 83725, United States
| | - Danielle L Boisvert
- Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, 77341, United States
| | - Richard H Lewis
- Department of Criminal Justice, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR, 72204, United States
| | - Eric M Cooke
- Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, 77341, United States
| | - Matthias Woeckener
- Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, 77341, United States
| | - Nicholas Kavish
- Department of Psychology and Philosophy, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, 77341, United States
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Reinforcement sensitivity, approach and avoidance goals and relational aggression in romantic relationships. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Knackfuss ACU, Leibenluft E, Brotman MA, de Moura Silveira Júnior É, Simioni A, Teixeira LS, Gerchmann L, Fijtman A, Trasel AR, Sperotto D, Manfro AG, Kapczinski F, Sant'Anna MK, Salum GA. Differentiating irritable mood and disruptive behavior in adults. TRENDS IN PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHOTHERAPY 2020; 42:375-386. [PMID: 33295573 PMCID: PMC7879084 DOI: 10.1590/2237-6089-2019-0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Irritability has both mood and behavioral manifestations. These frequently co-occur, and it is unclear to what extent they are dissociable domains. We used confirmatory factor analysis and external validators to investigate the independence of mood and behavioral components of irritability. Methods The sample comprised 246 patients (mean age 45 years; 63% female) from four outpatient programs (depression, anxiety, bipolar, and schizophrenia) at a tertiary hospital. A clinical instrument rated by trained clinicians was specifically designed to capture irritable mood and disruptive behavior dimensionally, as well as current categorical diagnoses i.e., intermittent explosive disorder (IED); oppositional defiant disorder (ODD); and an adaptation to diagnose disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD) in adults. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to test the best fitting irritability models and regression analyses were used to investigate associations with external validators. Results Irritable mood and disruptive behavior were both frequent, but diagnoses of disruptive syndromes were rare (IED, 8%; ODD, 2%; DMDD, 2%). A correlated model with two dimensions, and a bifactor model with one general dimension and two specific dimensions (mood and behavior) both had good fit indices. The correlated model had root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.077, with 90% confidence interval (90%CI) = 0.071-0.083; comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.99; and Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) = 0.99, while the bifactor model had RMSEA = 0.041; CFI = 0.99; and TLI = 0.99 respectively). In the bifactor model, external validity for differentiation of the mood and behavioral components of irritability was also supported by associations between irritable mood and impairment and clinical measures of depression and mania, which were not associated with disruptive behavior. Conclusions Psychometric and external validity data suggest both overlapping and specific features of the mood vs. disruptive behavior dimensions of irritability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cláudia U Knackfuss
- Seção de Afeto Negativo e Processos Socias, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ellen Leibenluft
- Section on Mood Dysregulation and Neuroscience, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Melissa A Brotman
- Section on Mood Dysregulation and Neuroscience, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Érico de Moura Silveira Júnior
- Programa de Transtorno Bipolar, Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Hospital de Clíncias de Porto Alegre, Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - André Simioni
- Seção de Afeto Negativo e Processos Socias, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Lorenna S Teixeira
- Seção de Afeto Negativo e Processos Socias, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luciana Gerchmann
- Seção de Afeto Negativo e Processos Socias, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Adam Fijtman
- Programa de Transtorno Bipolar, Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Hospital de Clíncias de Porto Alegre, Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Andrea R Trasel
- Programa de Transtorno Bipolar, Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Hospital de Clíncias de Porto Alegre, Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniela Sperotto
- Seção de Afeto Negativo e Processos Socias, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Arthur G Manfro
- Seção de Afeto Negativo e Processos Socias, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Flávio Kapczinski
- Programa de Transtorno Bipolar, Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Hospital de Clíncias de Porto Alegre, Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Márcia K Sant'Anna
- Programa de Transtorno Bipolar, Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Hospital de Clíncias de Porto Alegre, Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Giovanni A Salum
- Seção de Afeto Negativo e Processos Socias, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Somma A, Krueger RF, Markon KE, Alajmo VBM, Arlotta E, Beretta S, Boni F, Busso SL, Manini R, Nazzaro G, Maffei C, Fossati A. DSM-5 Alternative Model of Personality Disorder Dysfunctional Personality Traits as Predictors of Self-Reported Aggression in an Italian Sample of Consecutively Admitted, Personality-Disordered Psychotherapy Patients. J Pers Disord 2020; 34:5-24. [PMID: 31206343 DOI: 10.1521/pedi_2019_33_430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In order to assess the relationships between DSM-5 Alternative Model of Personality Disorder (AMPD) maladaptive personality traits and self-reports of aggression, 508 Italian adult participants who met at least one DSM-IV Axis II/DSM-5 Section II personality disorder (PD) diagnosis were administered the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) and the Aggression Questionnaire (AQ). Analysis results showed that multiple regression results, PID-5 Hostility, Callousness, and Risk Taking trait scale scores explained a large amount of variance in AQ Physical Aggression (PA) scores. Moreover, PID-5 Hostility, Callousness, and Risk Taking explained more than 20% of the variance in the AQ Physical Aggression scale scores that was left unexplained by selected continuously scored DSM-IV Axis II/DSM-5 Section II PDs, whereas SCID-II Paranoid, Narcissistic, Borderline, and Antisocial PDs added only 4% of variance to the amount of variance in AQ Physical Aggression scores that was already explained by the PID-5 trait scale scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Somma
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy, and IRCCS San Raffaele Turro Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Valentina B M Alajmo
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy, and IRCCS San Raffaele Turro Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuela Arlotta
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy, and IRCCS San Raffaele Turro Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Beretta
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy, and IRCCS San Raffaele Turro Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Boni
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy, and IRCCS San Raffaele Turro Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano L Busso
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy, and IRCCS San Raffaele Turro Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Manini
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy, and IRCCS San Raffaele Turro Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Nazzaro
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy, and IRCCS San Raffaele Turro Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Cesare Maffei
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy, and IRCCS San Raffaele Turro Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Fossati
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy, and IRCCS San Raffaele Turro Hospital, Milan, Italy
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Perhamus GR, Ostrov JM. Emotions and Cognitions in Early Childhood Aggression: the Role of Irritability and Hostile Attribution Biases. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2020; 49:63-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s10802-020-00707-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kokkinos CM, Kountouraki M, Voulgaridou I, Markos A. Understanding the association between Big Five and relational aggression: The mediating role of social goals and friendship jealousy. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.109946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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20
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Multidimensional measure of aggression in adolescents: Croatian validation of the Peer Conflict Scale. CURRENT ISSUES IN PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.5114/cipp.2020.93608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundIn order to adequately assess aggression in adolescence, the Peer Conflict Scale (PCS) was developed. It evaluates both forms and functions of aggression (i.e. proactive overt, proactive relational, reactive overt and reactive relational aggression). The goal of this study was to examine the validity and reliability of the Croatian version of the Peer Conflict Scale.Participants and procedureThe total sample consisted of 656 high school students from the City of Zagreb (age range 16-17, 55.33% boys). Independent exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were conducted to determine the factor structure, and the best fitting model of the PCS on a Croatian sample.ResultsBoth results of EFA and CFA support a proposed four-factor model of the instrument. Reliabilities of the instrument’s scales were acceptable. The measurement invariance across gender was established. In order to analyse the construct validity of the PCS, relations between aggression subtypes and the theoretically meaningful variable, i.e. anxiety, were assessed. Reactive rela-tional aggression had the highest correlation with anxiety, while proactive overt aggression did not correlate significantly with anxiety. Furthermore, gender differences in aggression subtypes were assessed, and were in accordance with past research.ConclusionsOur study verifies the reliability, factor structure and construct validity of PCS in a sample of Croatian adolescents. However, the results of this study suggest that the response format should be changed. Furthermore, some items did not match well with corresponding factors and the best fitting model was the one in which those items were excluded. Therefore, we suggest that two items should be replaced with new ones.
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Hart EJ, Ostrov JM. Relations between forms and functions of aggression and moral judgments of aggressive transgressions. Aggress Behav 2020; 46:220-231. [PMID: 32100888 DOI: 10.1002/ab.21883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The present study sought to examine the influence of aggressive behavior, psychopathy, and gender on moral judgments of aggressive transgressions. A two-dimensional conceptualization of aggression was used, such that proactive relational aggression, reactive relational aggression, proactive physical aggression, and reactive physical aggression were treated as distinct subtypes of aggression and also as distinct subtypes of moral judgments of aggression. Participants were 421 emerging adults (215 women). Self-report measures of aggression, psychopathy, and moral judgments were collected. Peer-reports of aggression and psychopathy were obtained from a randomly assigned subsample of 73 participants (46 women) for validity purposes. Unique associations were found between subtypes of aggression and corresponding moral judgments of the same subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J. Hart
- University at Buffalo, The State University of New YorkBuffalo New York
| | - Jamie M. Ostrov
- University at Buffalo, The State University of New YorkBuffalo New York
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Hagan MJ, Waters SF, Holley S, Moctezuma L, Gentry M. The interactive effect of family conflict history and physiological reactivity on different forms of aggression in young women. Biol Psychol 2020; 153:107888. [PMID: 32335128 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2020.107888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Evidence indicates that patterns of biological reactivity underlie different forms of aggression, but greater precision is needed in research targeting biopsychosocial processes that underlie such differences. This study investigated how sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system (SNS and PNS) responses to social stress were associated with multiple forms of aggression in an ethnically-diverse sample of young adult females; it further examined whether early life exposure to family conflict moderated these relationships. In the context of high levels of family conflict history, greater SNS activation during a social conflict task was associated with more direct proactive aggression and increasing RSA was associated with more direct reactive aggression. Greater SNS activation during the task was associated with more direct reactive aggression regardless of family conflict history. Our findings affirm the need to capture the contributions of multiple physiological systems simultaneously and the importance of considering family history in the study of aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa J Hagan
- San Francisco State University, United States; University of California, San Francisco, United States.
| | - Sara F Waters
- Washington State University, Vancouver, United States
| | - Sarah Holley
- San Francisco State University, United States; University of California, San Francisco, United States
| | | | - Miya Gentry
- San Francisco State University, United States
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The Moderating Effects of Child-Perceived Parental Psychological Control on the Association between Functions of Aggression and Peer Victimization in Elementary School Children. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10862-019-09771-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Edwards BG, Carre JR, Kiehl KA. A review of psychopathy and Cluster B personality traits and their neural correlates in female offenders. Biol Psychol 2019; 148:107740. [PMID: 31415792 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2019.107740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Although men commit more crime and are incarcerated at higher rates than women, women represent the fastest growing segment of the justice system. Empirical work suggests that psychopathy and Cluster B disorders are implicated in antisocial behavior across gender, and that neurobiological correlates of personality may inform such behavior. This review utilizes a gendered perspective to discuss psychopathy and Cluster B disorders in relation to antisocial behavior and incorporates work on neural correlates of personality disorders. Co-morbidity across these conditions may be partly explained by similar frontal deficits, reflective of disinhibition. Affective processing abnormalities appear to be characterized by distinct deficits in limbic/paralimbic regions, reflecting differential etiological underpinnings and behavioral outcomes. This review underscores the utility in examining personality pathology together with neurobiological and environmental factors. Methodological issues and clinical implications are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany G Edwards
- The Mind Research Network and Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States; University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States.
| | - Jessica R Carre
- The Mind Research Network and Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States
| | - Kent A Kiehl
- The Mind Research Network and Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States; University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States
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Fanti KA, Kokkinos CM, Voulgaridou I, Hadjicharalambous M. Investigating the association between callous‐unemotional traits with relational bullying and victimization: A cross‐national study. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/sode.12381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kostas A. Fanti
- Department of Psychology University of Cyprus Nicosia Cyprus
| | | | - Ioanna Voulgaridou
- Department of Primary Education Democritus University of Thrace Alexandroupolis Greece
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Book A, Visser BA, Volk A, Holden RR, D'Agata MT. Ice and fire: Two paths to provoked aggression. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Skin conductance, heart rate and aggressive behavior type. Biol Psychol 2019; 141:44-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Relational Aggressiveness in Adolescence: Relations With Emotional Awareness and Self-Control. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2018. [DOI: 10.32872/spb.v13i4.28302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Involvement in relationally aggressive conduct is an important contributor to maladaptive functioning in both childhood and adulthood. Decreased emotional awareness and impairments of self-control are risk factors for relational aggressiveness, while emotional awareness can also be treated as an important prerequisite for proper self-control. The aim of the study was to examine the associations between dimensions of emotional awareness (attention to emotions and emotional clarity), self-control, and relational aggressiveness. Self-control was also examined as a mediating variable between emotional awareness and relational aggressiveness. Self-report measures of trait meta-mood, alexithymia, self-control, and relational aggressiveness were completed by 214 adolescents (129 females), aged 15–23. The confirmatory factor analysis confirmed two factors of emotional awareness: (1) inattention to emotions (reflecting low attention to emotions and externally oriented thinking) and (2) a lack of emotional clarity (reflecting difficulties in identifying emotion, difficulties in describing emotion, and low clarity of emotion). Self-control and mood repair ability inversely correlated with proactive and reactive relational aggressiveness, whereas the clarity component of the meta-mood trait only inversely predicted reactive relational aggressiveness. Structural equation modeling (SEM) showed that direct relationships between inattention to emotions and relational aggressiveness, as well as between lack of emotional clarity and relational aggressiveness were non-significant. Nevertheless, a lack of emotional clarity was indirectly and significantly associated with relational aggressiveness through decreased self-control.
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Sandberg J, Meservy MV, Bradford A, Anderson S. Examining the Influence of Relational Aggression on Sexual Satisfaction With Attachment Behaviors as a Potential Mediator. JOURNAL OF SEX & MARITAL THERAPY 2018; 44:425-437. [PMID: 29173104 DOI: 10.1080/0092623x.2017.1405307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between relational aggression and sexual satisfaction, as well as to determine if attachment behaviors could mediate this relationship. Data came from the Relate Institute Questionnaire (RELATE) and were drawn from the matched-pair responses of 539 heterosexual married couples. Results showed the greater the perceived relational aggression, the lower the sexual satisfaction for both self and partner, regardless of gender. Mediation analyses suggest that attachment behaviors may be a mechanism through which relational aggression influences sexual satisfaction. Implications for clinicians and future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Sandberg
- a School of Family Life , Brigham Young University , Provo , UT , USA
| | | | - Angela Bradford
- a School of Family Life , Brigham Young University , Provo , UT , USA
| | - Shayne Anderson
- a School of Family Life , Brigham Young University , Provo , UT , USA
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The Relational aggression scale (RAS): Psychometric properties of a newly developed measure of relational aggression. EUROPEAN REVIEW OF APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY-REVUE EUROPEENNE DE PSYCHOLOGIE APPLIQUEE 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.erap.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Murray-Close D, Holterman LA, Breslend NL, Sullivan A. Psychophysiology of proactive and reactive relational aggression. Biol Psychol 2017; 130:77-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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DiBello AM, Preddy TM, Øverup CS, Neighbors C. Understanding the Context of Romantic Partner Relational Victimization: Links between Relationship Satisfaction, Depressive Symptoms, and Alcohol-Related Problems. PSYCHOLOGY OF VIOLENCE 2017; 7:543-552. [PMID: 29226004 PMCID: PMC5718626 DOI: 10.1037/vio0000064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine links across romantic partner relational victimization, depressive symptoms, and drinking problems during young adulthood. We were interested in evaluating depression as a mediator of the association between relational victimization by one's romantic partner, drinking problems, and the conditional indirect effects of relationship satisfaction. METHOD 269 individuals aged 18 to 26 years (68% female, Mage = 22.78 years, SD = 4.70) participated in the study. They completed self-report measures online. RESULTS Mediation results indicated that depression significantly mediated the association between relational victimization and alcohol-related problems. Furthermore, tests of conditional indirect effects suggest that depression mediated the association between romantic partner relational victimization and alcohol-related problems among those who were lower in relationship satisfaction, but not among those who were higher in relationship satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS Findings are discussed with attention to the developmental significance of romantic relationships during the transition to young adulthood. Specifically, the current findings add to the existing literature, which has suggested that both relationship aggression and depression are associated with problematic drinking.
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Kokkinos CM, Karagianni K, Voulgaridou I. Relational aggression, big five and hostile attribution bias in adolescents. JOURNAL OF APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appdev.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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How Competent are Adolescent Bullying Perpetrators and Victims in Mastering Normative Developmental Tasks in Early Adulthood? JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2017; 46:41-56. [PMID: 28593601 PMCID: PMC5770496 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-017-0316-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
A substantive body of literature suggests that those involved in bullying as perpetrators but particularly victims are at greater risk for psychological maladjustment. In comparison, relatively little is known about associations between bullying-victimization and perpetration and mastery of early adult tasks in domains including romantic relationships, education, work, financial competence, and conduct. These links were tested using data from two Dutch cohorts (RADAR-young, n = 497, 43% girls; TRAILS, n = 2230, 51% girls) who reported on victimization and perpetration at age 11 (TRAILS) and 13 (RADAR-young) and mastery of developmental tasks in early adulthood. Unadjusted regression analyses suggested for both cohorts that perpetrators were less likely to abide the law and more likely to smoke. Victims in TRAILS were less competent in the domains of education, work, and finances, and more likely to smoke in RADAR-young. Adjusting for childhood demographics and child intelligence and including psychopathology in the prediction models substantially reduced the strength of associations between bullying involvement and later outcomes in both cohorts; although association were retained between victimization and welfare dependence and perpetration and crime involvement in TRAILS. Parental support did not buffer associations in either sample and neither were gender differences detected. Overall, findings underline that negative outcomes of bullying are not only a concern for victims but also for their perpetrators although involvement in bullying is not a stable predictor of mastery of developmental tasks when childhood demographics, child intelligence, and psychopathology are taken into account.
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Lamb R, Annetta L, Hoston D, Shapiro M, Matthews B. Examining human behavior in video games: The development of a computational model to measure aggression. Soc Neurosci 2017; 13:301-317. [PMID: 28398138 DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2017.1318777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Video games with violent content have raised considerable concern in popular media and within academia. Recently, there has been considerable attention regarding the claim of the relationship between aggression and video game play. The authors of this study propose the use of a new class of tools developed via computational models to allow examination of the question of whether there is a relationship between violent video games and aggression. The purpose of this study is to computationally model and compare the General Aggression Model with the Diathesis Mode of Aggression related to the play of violent content in video games. A secondary purpose is to provide a method of measuring and examining individual aggression arising from video game play. Total participants examined for this study are N = 1065. This study occurs in three phases. Phase 1 is the development and quantification of the profile combination of traits via latent class profile analysis. Phase 2 is the training of the artificial neural network. Phase 3 is the comparison of each model as a computational model with and without the presence of video game violence. Results suggest that a combination of environmental factors and genetic predispositions trigger aggression related to video games.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Lamb
- a Department of Learning and Instruction, Graduate School of Education , University at Buffalo , Amherst , NY , USA
| | - Leonard Annetta
- b Department of Mathematics, Science, and Instructional Technology , East Carolina University , Greenville , NC , USA
| | - Douglas Hoston
- a Department of Learning and Instruction, Graduate School of Education , University at Buffalo , Amherst , NY , USA
| | - Marina Shapiro
- c College Education and Human Development , George Mason University , Fairfax , VA , USA
| | - Benjamin Matthews
- c College Education and Human Development , George Mason University , Fairfax , VA , USA
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Colins OF, Fanti KA, Salekin RT, Andershed H. Psychopathic Personality in the General Population: Differences and Similarities Across Gender. J Pers Disord 2017; 31:49-74. [PMID: 26845529 DOI: 10.1521/pedi_2016_30_237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify distinct subgroups of adults in a general population sample (N = 2,500; 52.6% females) based on their scores on three psychopathy dimensions. Using latent profile analysis, five groups were identified among males and females separately, including a psychopathic personality group. Multivariate analyses of variance showed that this latter group had higher levels of aggression, offending, substance use, attention-deficit/hyperactivity symptoms, internalizing problems, and maltreatment than most of the other groups. Associated features of males and females with a psychopathic personality were very similar; however, salient gender differences did emerge. Specifically, females with a psychopathic personality were more frequently exposed to sexual abuse, expressed more emotional difficulties, and engaged in higher levels of relational aggression. In conclusion, person-oriented analyses identified adults with a personality that looks like psychopathy, and furthered our understanding of gender similarities and differences in these adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier F Colins
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Curium-Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Center for Criminological and Psychosocial Research, Örebro University, Sweden
| | | | - Randall T Salekin
- Department of Psychology and Disruptive Behavior Clinic, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa
| | - Henrik Andershed
- Center for Criminological and Psychosocial Research, Örebro University, Sweden
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Abstract
Despite the relationship of impulsivity with interpersonal dysfunction, including romantic relationship dysfunction, surprisingly little research has examined the degree to which impulsivity predicts how marriages unfold over time. The current study used data from 172 newlywed couples to examine spouses' impulsivity in relation to their 4-year trajectories of marital satisfaction, marital problems, relationship commitment, and verbal aggression, as well as their 10-year divorce rates. Hierarchical linear modeling indicated that husbands' and wives' impulsivity predicted their own intercepts of marital satisfaction and marital problems, reflecting lower levels of satisfaction and higher levels of problems. Wives' impulsivity also predicted their relationship commitment and their verbal aggression intercepts. No cross-spouse effects or effects on slopes were found, and impulsivity did not predict 10-year divorce rates. These findings indicate that the relationship distress associated with impulsivity begins early in marriage, and they suggest a need for further research on the processes by which impulsivity undermines marital quality.
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Thylstrup B, Schrøder S, Fridell M, Hesse M. Did you get any help? A post-hoc secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial of psychoeducation for patients with antisocial personality disorder in outpatient substance abuse treatment programs. BMC Psychiatry 2017; 17:7. [PMID: 28068951 PMCID: PMC5223491 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-016-1165-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People in treatment for substance use disorder commonly have comorbid personality disorders, including antisocial personality disorder. Little is known about treatments that specifically address comorbid antisocial personality disorder. METHODS Self-rated help received for antisocial personality disorder was assessed during follow-ups at 3, 9 and 15 months post-randomization of a randomized trial of psychoeducation for people with comorbid substance use and antisocial personality disorder (n = 175). RESULTS Randomization to psychoeducation was associated with increased perceived help for antisocial personality disorder. Perceived help for antisocial personality disorder was in turn associated with more days abstinent and higher treatment satisfaction at the 3-month follow-up, and reduced risk of dropping out of treatment after the 3-month follow-up, and perceived help mediated the effects of random assignment on days abstinent at 3-month. FOLLOW-UP CONCLUSIONS Brief psychoeducation for antisocial personality disorder increased patients' self-rated help for antisocial personality disorder in substance abuse treatment, and reporting having received help for antisocial personality disorder was in turn associated with better short-term outcomes, e.g., days abstinent, dropout from treatment and treatment satisfaction. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN registry, ISRCTN67266318 , retrospectively registered 17/7/2012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgitte Thylstrup
- Aarhus University, Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sidsel Schrøder
- Aarhus University, Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mats Fridell
- Department of Psychology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Morten Hesse
- Aarhus University, Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research, Aarhus, Denmark
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Vize CE, Collison KL, Crowe ML, Campbell WK, Miller JD, Lynam DR. Using Dominance Analysis to Decompose Narcissism and Its Relation to Aggression and Externalizing Outcomes. Assessment 2017; 26:260-270. [PMID: 28064516 DOI: 10.1177/1073191116685811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Research on narcissism has shown it to be multidimensional construct. As such, the relations the larger construct bear with certain outcomes may mask heterogeneity apparent at the more basic trait level. This article used the Five Factor Narcissism Inventory, a Five-Factor Model-based measure of narcissism that allows for multiple levels of analysis, to examine the relative importance of narcissistic traits in relation to aggression, externalizing behavior, and self-esteem outcomes in two independent samples. The relative importance of the narcissism factors was determined through the use of dominance analysis-a relatively underused method for determining relative importance among a set of related predictors. The results showed that antagonism, compared with agentic extraversion and neuroticism, was the dominant predictor across all forms of aggressive behavior. Additional analyses showed that subscales within the broader factor of antagonism also showed differential importance relative to one another for certain aggression outcomes. The results are discussed in the context of the relation between narcissism and aggression and highlight the utility of using extensions of regression-based analyses to explore the heterogeneity within personality constructs.
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Coccaro EF, Fanning J, Lee R. Development of a social emotional information processing assessment for adults (SEIP-Q). Aggress Behav 2017; 43:47-59. [PMID: 27321909 DOI: 10.1002/ab.21661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
An expanded self-report, vignette-based, questionnaire was developed to assess five components in a social emotional information processing model (SEIP: attribution, emotional response, response valuation, outcome expectancy, response efficacy, and response enactment), first in a population-based sample (n = 250) and, second in healthy control participants (n = 50) and in those with DSM-5 Intermittent Explosive Disorder (IED: n = 50). SEIP-Q vignettes depict, separately, both overtly aggressive and relationally aggressive as well as socially ambivalent scenarios. This expanded SEIP-Q assessment demonstrated good internal reliability, as well as convergent and discriminant validity, for all five SEIP components. IED participants differed from healthy controls in all SEIP-Q components. This expanded SEIP-Q assessment is thus proposed as a reliable and valid method for studying the various stages of SEIP in adult human subjects. Aggr. Behav. 43:47-59, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil F. Coccaro
- Clinical Neuroscience and Psychopharmacology Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, The Pritzker School of Medicine; University of Chicago; Chicago Illinois
| | - Jennifer Fanning
- Clinical Neuroscience and Psychopharmacology Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, The Pritzker School of Medicine; University of Chicago; Chicago Illinois
| | - Royce Lee
- Clinical Neuroscience and Psychopharmacology Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, The Pritzker School of Medicine; University of Chicago; Chicago Illinois
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Scott KM, Lim CCW, Hwang I, Adamowski T, Al-Hamzawi A, Bromet E, Bunting B, Ferrand MP, Florescu S, Gureje O, Hinkov H, Hu C, Karam E, Lee S, Posada-Villa J, Stein D, Tachimori H, Viana MC, Xavier M, Kessler RC. The cross-national epidemiology of DSM-IV intermittent explosive disorder. Psychol Med 2016; 46:3161-3172. [PMID: 27572872 PMCID: PMC5206971 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291716001859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This is the first cross-national study of intermittent explosive disorder (IED). METHOD A total of 17 face-to-face cross-sectional household surveys of adults were conducted in 16 countries (n = 88 063) as part of the World Mental Health Surveys initiative. The World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 3.0) assessed DSM-IV IED, using a conservative definition. RESULTS Lifetime prevalence of IED ranged across countries from 0.1 to 2.7% with a weighted average of 0.8%; 0.4 and 0.3% met criteria for 12-month and 30-day prevalence, respectively. Sociodemographic correlates of lifetime risk of IED were being male, young, unemployed, divorced or separated, and having less education. The median age of onset of IED was 17 years with an interquartile range across countries of 13-23 years. The vast majority (81.7%) of those with lifetime IED met criteria for at least one other lifetime disorder; co-morbidity was highest with alcohol abuse and depression. Of those with 12-month IED, 39% reported severe impairment in at least one domain, most commonly social or relationship functioning. Prior traumatic experiences involving physical (non-combat) or sexual violence were associated with increased risk of IED onset. CONCLUSIONS Conservatively defined, IED is a low prevalence disorder but this belies the true societal costs of IED in terms of the effects of explosive anger attacks on families and relationships. IED is more common among males, the young, the socially disadvantaged and among those with prior exposure to violence, especially in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. M. Scott
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - C. C. W. Lim
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - I. Hwang
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard University Medical School, 180 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - T. Adamowski
- Medical University of Wroclaw, L. Pasteur Str. 10, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - A. Al-Hamzawi
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Qadisia University, Diwaniya 00964, Iraq
| | - E. Bromet
- Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Putnam Hall – South Campus, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8790, USA
| | - B. Bunting
- University of Ulster, College Avenue, Londonderry BT48 7JL, UK
| | - M. P. Ferrand
- Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Facultad de Salud Pública y Administración, Honorio Delgado, Lima, Peru
| | - S. Florescu
- Health Services and Research Evaluation Center, National School of Public Health Management and Professional Development, 31 Vaselor Street, Bucharest, 021253, Romania
| | - O. Gureje
- Department of Psychiatry, University College Hospital, PMB 5116, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - H. Hinkov
- National Center for Public Health Protection, 15 Acad. Ivan Ev. Geshov blvd, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - C. Hu
- Shenzhen Institute of Mental Health and Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, 13-15/F, Block B, No. 2019 Buxin Road, Luohu District, No. 1080 Cuizu Road, Luohu District, 518020, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - E. Karam
- St. George Hospital University Medical Center, Balamand University, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Development, Research, Advocacy & Applied Care (IDRAAC), Medical Institute for Neuropsychological Disorders (MIND), Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Institute for Development, Research Advocacy and Applied Care (IDRAAC), St. George Hospital University Medical Center, Beirut, Ashrafieh 166378, Lebanon
| | - S. Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Flat 7A, Block E, Staff Quarters, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR
| | - J. Posada-Villa
- Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca, Cra 7 No. 119-14 Cons. 511, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - D. Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - H. Tachimori
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8553, Japan
| | - M. C. Viana
- Department of Social Medicine, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Rua Dr Eurico de Aguiar 888/705, Vitoria, ES 29055-280, Brazil
| | - M. Xavier
- Chronic Diseases Research Center (CEDOC) and Department of Mental Health, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - R. C. Kessler
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard University Medical School, 180 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Oshio A, Mieda T, Taku K. Younger people, and stronger effects of all-or-nothing thoughts on aggression: Moderating effects of age on the relationships between dichotomous thinking and aggression. COGENT PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/23311908.2016.1244874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Oshio
- Faculty of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, Waseda University, 1-24-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8644, Japan
| | - Takahiro Mieda
- Graduate School of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kanako Taku
- Department of Psychology, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, USA
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Disabato DJ, Folk JB, Wilson J, Barboza S, Daylor J, Tangney J. Psychometric validation of a simplified form of the PICTS for low-reading level populations. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2016; 38:456-464. [PMID: 28190916 PMCID: PMC5295836 DOI: 10.1007/s10862-015-9533-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles (PICTS) is one of the most widely used measures of criminal thinking. Although the PICTS has adequate psychometric qualities with many general population inmates, the measurement confound of reading ability may decrease its construct validity in low-literacy inmates. To help resolve this confound, we present psychometric evaluation of a simplified version of the PICTS (PICTS-SV) in which item language was simplified but item content was preserved. We first conducted Lexile analyses to confirm the reading level of the PICTS-SV is significantly lower than the original PICTS (i.e., sixth grade versus ninth grade). We then tested a bifactor model to confirm the PICTS-SV contains the same two factors as the original PICTS: proactive and reactive criminal thinking. These PICTS-SV results are commensurate with the factor structure of the original PICTS. Results suggest the PICTS-SV is a valid alternative for assessing criminal thinking in inmates with low reading ability.
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Graham-Bermann SA, Cater ÅK, Miller-Graff LE, Howell KH. Adults' Explanations for Intimate Partner Violence During Childhood and Associated Effects. J Clin Psychol 2016; 73:652-668. [PMID: 27459327 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) is known to challenge children's optimal development. This study sought to associate participants' beliefs about IPV held during childhood with their adjustment as adults, and to compare their beliefs from childhood to their beliefs in early adulthood. METHOD A nationally representative sample of 703 Swedish young adults reported on their past and present beliefs about the causes of their parents' IPV. Standardized measures assessed their mental health (anxiety, depression, and traumatic stress symptoms) and the quality of their relationships as adults. RESULTS The most common explanations for IPV were that the perpetrator suffered from physical or mental illness, had relationship problems, or was distressed. Participants were less likely to blame themselves for IPV or to believe that the perpetrator was cruel when they were adults, compared to their reports of themselves as children. Women were more likely to attribute mental or physical illness as the cause of the perpetrator's IPV. Childhood beliefs that the perpetrator was debilitated (from mental illness or substance abuse) and cruel (took pleasure in violence and/or despised the child) were associated with greater mental health problems and poorer relationship quality in adulthood. CONCLUSION Evaluation of children's harmful beliefs about IPV could be useful in adapting intervention services aimed at ameliorating negative personal causal attributions.
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Atherton OE, Tackett JL, Ferrer E, Robins RW. Bidirectional Pathways between Relational Aggression and Temperament from Late Childhood to Adolescence. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2016; 67:75-84. [PMID: 28943676 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Relational aggression is linked to numerous adverse consequences. However, we know little about how temperament leads individuals to become perpetrators/victims of relational aggression, or how being a perpetrator/victim influences the development of temperament. We used longitudinal data from 674 Mexican-origin youth to examine relations between relational aggression and mother- and child-reported temperament from 5th grade (Mage=10.8; SD=0.60) through 11th grade (Mage=16.8; SD=0.50). Results show that: (a) high Negative Emotionality and low Effortful Control predicted increases in victimization; (b) low Effortful Control predicted increases in perpetration; (c) victims increased in Negative Emotionality and decreased in Effortful Control; and (d) perpetrators increased in Negative Emotionality and Surgency. Thus, temperament serves as both an antecedent to and a consequence of relational aggression.
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Oliver DG, Caldwell CH, Faison N, Sweetman JA, Abelson JM, Jackson JS. Prevalence of DSM-IV intermittent explosive disorder in Black adolescents: Findings from the National Survey of American Life, Adolescent Supplement. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPSYCHIATRY 2016; 86:552-63. [PMID: 27078052 DOI: 10.1037/ort0000170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the epidemiology of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM–IV) intermittent explosive disorder (IED) in adolescents, and no information is currently available regarding the relationship between race/ethnicity and IED among Black youth in the United States. Using the World Health Organization World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview (Adolescent Version), we estimated the prevalence, severity, and disability of IED in a national, probability sample of African American and Caribbean Black youth (ages 13–17) from the National Survey of American Life, Adolescent Supplement. Face-to-face surveys of 810 African American and 360 Caribbean Black youth were conducted between 2001 and 2003. We calculated lifetime and 12-month diagnoses of IED using diagnostic algorithms based on DSM–IV and assessed IED disability using a modified Sheehan Disability Scale. Overall findings indicated lifetime and 12-month IED prevalence rates of 9.2% and 7.0%, respectively. Lifetime prevalence rates of IED were 9.0% for African American and 12.4% for Caribbean Black teens. Within the past 12 months, 6.7% of African American and 11.5% of Caribbean Black adolescents met diagnostic criteria for IED. Lifetime and 12-month IED were associated with anxiety disorders. In addition, few teens with lifetime IED received any treatment. Findings are consistent with recent evidence that intermittent explosive disorder may be more common than previously considered, especially among adolescents. Significant acts of aggression and impairment are associated with IED, and low treatment rates indicate that more research on this disorder and intervention options is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cleopatra H Caldwell
- Program for Research on Black Americans, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan
| | - Nakesha Faison
- Program for Research on Black Americans, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan
| | - Julie A Sweetman
- Program for Research on Black Americans, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan
| | - Jamie M Abelson
- Program for Research on Black Americans, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan
| | - James S Jackson
- Program for Research on Black Americans, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan
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Alami A, Shahghasemi Z, Davarinia Motlagh Ghochan A, Baratpour F. Students' Aggression and Its Relevance to Personal, Family, and Social Factors. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2016; 17:e20017. [PMID: 26756005 PMCID: PMC4706712 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.20017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Revised: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: Aggression is defined as behaviors intended to hurt, harm, or injure another person. Aggression is by no means a new concern in human society, especially in youth. Universities are among the institutions in which most of the members are young people and because of facing with various personal and social stressors, the students usually experience high level of stress. Objectives: This study aimed to determine aggression among university students and its association with their personal, family, and social characteristics. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional, analytic study was conducted on a representative sample (n = 809) of university students (1 state university and 2 private universities) locating in Gonabad, Iran in 2012. Using proportional to size stratified sampling, we selected the respondents and gathered the required data using a valid and reliable questionnaire. The data were entered into SPSS (version 20) and analyzed through t test, ANOVA, and regression model. Results: A total of 381 (47.2%) male and 428 (52.8%) female students participated in the study. Mean (SD) age of the respondents was 21.79 (2.86) years. Overall mean aggression score (SD) in the students was 72.45 (15.49) and this score for in dorm and out of dorm students was 74.31 (15.59) and 70.93 (15.23), respectively. There were significant associations between the mean aggression score of dormitory students and sex (P = 0.004), age (P = 0.044), and type of the university (P = 0.039). On the other hand, there was no significant association between all independent factors and mean aggression score of students living out of dorm. Conclusions: Regarding the control of aggressive behaviors, paying attention to male, young students living in dormitory, especially in non-governmental universities has the highest priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Alami
- Department of Public Health, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, IR Iran
| | - Zohreh Shahghasemi
- Department of Communication Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Arezoo Davarinia Motlagh Ghochan
- Department of Operating and Anesthesia, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Arezoo Davarinia Motlagh Ghochan, Department of Operating and Anesthesia, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, IR Iran. Tel: +98-9391019058, Fax: +98-5337223814, E-mail:
| | - Fateme Baratpour
- Department of Operating and Anesthesia, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, IR Iran
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Zimmer-Gembeck MJ, Skinner EA. Adolescent vulnerability and the distress of rejection: Associations of adjustment problems and gender with control, emotions, and coping. J Adolesc 2015; 45:149-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Thylstrup B, Schrøder S, Hesse M. Psycho-education for substance use and antisocial personality disorder: a randomized trial. BMC Psychiatry 2015; 15:283. [PMID: 26573140 PMCID: PMC4647713 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-015-0661-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antisocial personality disorder often co-exists with drug and alcohol use disorders. METHODS This trial examined the effectiveness of offering psycho-education for antisocial personality disorder in community substance use disorder treatment centers in Denmark. A total of 176 patients were randomly allocated to treatment as usual (TAU, n = 80) or TAU plus a psycho-educative program, Impulsive Lifestyle Counselling (ILC, n = 96) delivered by site clinicians (n = 39). Using follow-up interviews 3 and 9 months after randomization, we examined changes in drug and alcohol use (Addiction Severity Index Composite Scores), percent days abstinent (PDA) within last month, and aggression as measured with the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire-Short Form and the Self-Report of Aggression and Social Behavior Measure. RESULTS Overall engagement in psychological interventions was modest: 71 (76 %) of participants randomized to psycho-education attended at least one counselling session, and 21 (23 %) attended all six sessions. The Median number of sessions was 2. All patients reduced drug and alcohol problems at 9 months with small within-group effect sizes. Intention-to-treat analyses indicated significant differences between ILC and TAU in mean drugs composite score (p = .018) and in PDA (p = .041) at 3 months. Aggression declined in both groups, but no differences between ILC and TAU were observed in terms of alcohol problems or aggression at any follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Moderate short-term improvements in substance use were associated with randomization to Impulsive Lifestyle Counselling. The findings support the usefulness of providing psycho-education to outpatients with antisocial personality disorder. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN registry, ISRCTN67266318 , 17/7/2012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgitte Thylstrup
- Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research, Aarhus University, Artillerivej 90, 2nd, 2300, Copenhagen S, Denmark.
| | - Sidsel Schrøder
- Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research, Aarhus University, Artillerivej 90, 2nd, 2300, Copenhagen S, Denmark.
| | - Morten Hesse
- Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research, Aarhus University, Artillerivej 90, 2nd, 2300, Copenhagen S, Denmark.
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Types of Relational Aggression in Girls Are Differentiated by Callous-Unemotional Traits, Peers and Parental Overcontrol. Behav Sci (Basel) 2015; 5:518-36. [PMID: 26580659 PMCID: PMC4695776 DOI: 10.3390/bs5040518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescent girls often perpetrate aggression by gossiping and spreading rumours about others, by attempting to ruin relationships and by manipulating and excluding others. Further, males and females engage in reactive and proactive relational aggression differently. In this study, we examined the individual, peer and parental contextual factors that best explained the use of reactive and proactive relational aggression in girls. Female participants (n = 614; ages 11-18 years) completed questionnaires on aggression, callous-unemotional (CU) traits, delinquency, peer delinquency, gender composition of their peer group, resistance to peer influence and perceived parental overcontrol. Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine the effects of individual, peer- and parent-related variables on the likelihood of being classified as a low aggressor, reactive aggressor or proactive/reactive aggressor. Girls in the combined reactive/proactive aggression group were younger, had greater CU traits, a lower proportion of male peers and greater perception of parental control than both the reactive and low aggressive groups. Both highly aggressive groups were more delinquent and had greater peer delinquency than the low aggressive group. This study suggests those girls who show relational aggression for the purpose of gaining status and revenge feel restrained by their parents and may gravitate toward relationships that support their behaviour.
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