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Stolper H, van Doesum K, Steketee M. An integrated family approach in the practice of adult and child mental health care. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1298268. [PMID: 38686126 PMCID: PMC11056573 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1298268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper describes the practice of an integrated family approach to treatment in mental health care in which the focus is on the whole family and treatment is carried out by professionals of adult and child mental health services together. It is presented as an example of a best practice in finding a way to overcome barriers in implementing an integrated family approach in treatment for the benefit of families with a variety of interrelated problems. Even though there is a lot of knowledge about the importance of a family approach in mental health care with specific attention to the patients' parental role, the children, family relationships, and the social economic context, this is worldwide rarely implemented in the practice of mental health care. Barriers to keep the whole family in mind are identified on different levels: organizational policy, interagency collaboration, professionals, and patients themselves. As a solution, a model of an integrated family approach in mental health care is presented: how it is defined; which domains in the family are targeted; which key elements it contains; what the treatment consists of; and which procedures are followed in practice. A case illustrates how this approach might work in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Stolper
- Departement of Psychology Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam (EUR), Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Jeugd ggz Dimence Groep, Zwolle, Netherlands
| | - Karin van Doesum
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Impluz Dimence Groep, Deventer, Netherlands
| | - Majone Steketee
- Departement of Psychology Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam (EUR), Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Verwey-Jonker Instituut, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Pistella J, Entilli L, Baiocco R. A Long Parents' Journey After Children's Coming Out: Obstacles, Relationships, Generativity, and Life Balance. J Homosex 2024:1-24. [PMID: 38573799 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2024.2337730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Parents' perspective on their child's coming out (CO) remains an under-researched area, especially the investigation of parents adapting to their role post-CO years. The study qualitatively explored parents' recollections of their children's CO, spanning over 15 years. The study involved 15 parents (9 mothers, 6 fathers) of 4 lesbian daughters (Mage = 20.7; SDage = 7.8) and 11 gay sons (Mage = 23.0; SDage = 6.2). A semi-structured interview was employed to probe parents' responses to their child's CO and the long-term evolution of their CO experiences (M = 20.1; SD = 4.8). A thematic analysis was conducted through the software ATLAS.ti. Four themes were observed: (1) risk and protective factors; (2) effects of CO on relationships; (3) parents' generativity; (4) life balance. Acceptance challenges included a lack of LGBQ+ awareness and difficulties in sharing the disclosure with extended family, particularly grandparents. Parents reported numerous strategies, some involving parental generativity, like LGBQ+ activism. Milestones like marriage and the arrival of grandchildren reinforced parents' protective role as they aged, with the child's LGBQ+ disclosure marking a transformative moment leading to a more authentic relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Pistella
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenza Entilli
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Roberto Baiocco
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Wang X, Wang S, Song T, Feng K, Li Y. Intergenerational Transmission of Mental Health Literacy and Its Mechanism: The Mediating Effect of Parent-Child Relationship and the Moderating Effect of School Mental Health Service. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2024; 17:1177-1189. [PMID: 38505347 PMCID: PMC10948329 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s453122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Adolescents' mental health literacy is a topic of growing interest and studies have begun to explore the factors that influence adolescents' mental health literacy. This study investigated the relationship between parents' mental health literacy and adolescents' mental health literacy, as well as the mediating roles of parent-child relationship, and the moderating roles of school mental health service. Methods Questionnaires were distributed to adolescents and their parents at two time points with an interval of one month. In the first survey, 835 parents completed a mental health literacy scale and a parent-child relationship scale. In the second, 841 adolescents completed a school mental health service questionnaire and an adolescent mental health literacy assessment questionnaire. A total of 617 paired data points were matched (parents' age: M = 40.47, SD = 5.10; adolescents' age: M = 13.34, SD = 0.99). Results Bootstrapping results showed that parents' mental health literacy was positively associated with adolescents' mental health literacy. In addition, parent-child intimacy mediated the relationship between parents' mental health literacy and adolescents' mental health literacy. School mental health service moderated the relationship between parents' mental health literacy and parent-child intimacy and adolescents' mental health literacy. Conclusion Intergenerational transmission of mental health literacy from parents to adolescents and its conditions were revealed. These findings provide new insights for the intervention of adolescents' mental health literacy, and may lead future research to investigate the role of parents within the family context, as well as the influence of home-school cooperation on adolescents' mental health literacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Wang
- Institute of Psychology and Behaviour, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shengnan Wang
- Institute of Psychology and Behaviour, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, People’s Republic of China
- Mental Health Service Center, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingting Song
- Institute of Psychology and Behaviour, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, People’s Republic of China
- School of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai Feng
- Institute of Psychology and Behaviour, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, People’s Republic of China
- Academic Affairs Office, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongxin Li
- Institute of Psychology and Behaviour, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, People’s Republic of China
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De Coen J, Goossens L, Bosmans G, Debra G, Verbeken S. Body dissatisfaction and disordered eating symptoms in children's daily life: Can parents protect against appearance comparison on social media? Body Image 2024; 48:101647. [PMID: 38006679 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2023.101647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Research suggests that body dissatisfaction is common among children. However, it remains largely unknown how body dissatisfaction occurs on a daily basis and which environmental factors are linked to this. The purpose of this study was to examine (1) state body dissatisfaction, dietary restraint, compensatory exercise and loss of control eating among children and its association with upward comparisons via social media and (2) whether trust in parents may attenuate this association. Children from 10 to 12 years old (N = 50) were assessed three times a day during a two-week period. Trust was examined via a baseline questionnaire. State body dissatisfaction, dietary restraint, compensatory exercise, loss of control eating and upward comparisons were examined via Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA). Multilevel analyses indicated that an a higher level of upward comparison is associated with a higher level of state body dissatisfaction, compensatory exercise and loss of control eating. Trust in father significantly moderated the association between appearance comparison and body dissatisfaction. No evidence was found for the protective role of trust in mother. Future research is necessary to enhance our understanding of state body dissatisfaction among children and of environmental factors that may protect children from the adverse effects of social media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolien De Coen
- Ghent University, Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Henri Dunantlaan 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Lien Goossens
- Ghent University, Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Henri Dunantlaan 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guy Bosmans
- University of Leuven, Research Unit Clinical Psychology, Tiensestraat 102 - box 3720, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gillian Debra
- Ghent University, Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Henri Dunantlaan 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sandra Verbeken
- Ghent University, Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Henri Dunantlaan 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Jiang L, Wang X, Cui S, Vasilenko SA. Time-varying associations between parental closeness, self-esteem, and sexual behavior across adolescence and emerging adulthood. J Res Adolesc 2024; 34:192-204. [PMID: 38287685 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
This study applied the time-varying effect model (TVEM) to data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health to explore how self-esteem mediated age-varying associations of closeness to mother and father and their child's sexual behavior through adolescence and emerging adulthood. Paternal closeness is associated with lesser odds of sexual behaviors for both female and male adolescents until age 20, whereas maternal closeness only predicts for female adolescents between ages 13 and 15. Self-esteem mediated the association between mother closeness and multiple partners in male adolescents between ages 14.5 and 16.5. Fathers have an impact on adolescent sexual behavior across adolescence and emerging adulthood, while mothers' roles are more important for female adolescents in early adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghua Jiang
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, David B. Falk College of Sport and Human Dynamics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Xiafei Wang
- School of Social Work, David B. Falk College of Sport and Human Dynamics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Shuangyue Cui
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, College of Family and Consumer Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Sara A Vasilenko
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, David B. Falk College of Sport and Human Dynamics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
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Forrer ML, Oosterman M, Tharner A, Schuengel C. Testing reliability and validity of practitioner-rated parental sensitivity: A novel tool for practice. Infant Ment Health J 2024; 45:234-246. [PMID: 38267094 DOI: 10.1002/imhj.22102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Improving parental sensitivity is an important objective of interventions to support families. This study examined reliability and validity of parental sensitivity ratings using a novel package of an e-learning tool and an interactive decision tree provided through a mobile application, called the OK! package. Independent raters assessed parental sensitivity using the OK! package (N = 11 raters) and the NICHD Parental Sensitivity rating scales (N = 22 raters) on the basis of videotaped mother-child interactions at 10- or 12-months-old (N = 294) and at 24-months-old (N = 204) from the Dutch longitudinal cohort study Generation2 . Mothers reported on children's externalizing and internalizing problems and social competence when children were 4 and 7 years old. Results showed excellent single interrater reliability for raters using the OK! package (mean ICC = .79), and strong evidence for convergent validity at 10- or 12-month-old (r = .57) and 24-month-old (r = .65). Prospective associations of neither parental sensitivity rated using the OK! package or the NICHD Parental Sensitivity rating scales with child developmental outcomes were statistically significant (p > .05), with overlapping 95% confidence intervals for both measures. The OK! package provides a promising direction for testing alternatives to current training and instruction modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirte L Forrer
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Section of Clinical Child and Family Studies, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Jeugdbescherming Regio Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam Oosterman
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Section of Clinical Child and Family Studies, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Tharner
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Section of Clinical Child and Family Studies, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carlo Schuengel
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Section of Clinical Child and Family Studies, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Coe JL, Daniels T, Huffhines L, Seifer R, Marsit CJ, Kao HT, Porton B, Parade SH, Tyrka AR. Examining the Biological Impacts of Parent-Child Relationship Dynamics on Preschool-Aged Children who have Experienced Adversity. Dev Psychobiol 2024; 66:e22463. [PMID: 38601953 PMCID: PMC11003752 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Parent-child relationship dynamics have been shown to predict socioemotional and behavioral outcomes for children, but little is known about how they may affect biological development. The aim of this study was to test if observational assessments of parent-child relationship dynamics (cohesion, enmeshment, and disengagement) were associated with three biological indices of early life adversity and downstream health risk: (1) methylation of the glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1), (2) telomere attrition, and (3) mitochondrial biogenesis, indexed by mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn), all of which were measured in children's saliva. We tested hypotheses using a sample of 254 preschool-aged children (M age = 51.04 months) with and without child welfare-substantiated maltreatment (52% with documented case of moderate-severe maltreatment) who were racially and ethnically diverse (17% Black, 40% White, 23% biracial, and 20% other races; 45% Hispanic) and from primarily low-income backgrounds (91% qualified for public assistance). Results of path analyses revealed that: (1) higher parent-child cohesion was associated with lower levels of methylation of NR3C1 exon 1D and longer telomeres, and (2) higher parent-child disengagement was associated with higher levels of methylation of NR3C1 exon 1D and shorter telomeres. Results suggest that parent-child relationship dynamics may have distinct biological effects on children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse L. Coe
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Bradley/Hasbro Children’s Research Center, E.P. Bradley Hospital, East Providence, RI, USA
- Initiative on Stress, Trauma, and Resilience (STAR Initiative), Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Teresa Daniels
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Initiative on Stress, Trauma, and Resilience (STAR Initiative), Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Mood Disorders Research Program and Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Lindsay Huffhines
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Bradley/Hasbro Children’s Research Center, E.P. Bradley Hospital, East Providence, RI, USA
- Initiative on Stress, Trauma, and Resilience (STAR Initiative), Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ronald Seifer
- Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Carmen J. Marsit
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Emory Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hung-Teh Kao
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Barbara Porton
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Stephanie H. Parade
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Bradley/Hasbro Children’s Research Center, E.P. Bradley Hospital, East Providence, RI, USA
- Initiative on Stress, Trauma, and Resilience (STAR Initiative), Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Audrey R. Tyrka
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Initiative on Stress, Trauma, and Resilience (STAR Initiative), Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Mood Disorders Research Program and Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
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Pishdar S, Kalantari S, Kalantari S, Sheikhi HR, Kuchaki Z. Impact of the Integrated Program of Transdiagnostic Treatment and Parent Education on the Social Anxiety of Female Students. Cureus 2024; 16:e55299. [PMID: 38562264 PMCID: PMC10982126 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of the combined program of transdiagnostic treatment and parent education in reducing social anxiety among female students. METHODOLOGY This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among all female elementary school students in Bandar Abbas, Iran, during the academic year 2022-2023. The social phobia questionnaire was given to all female students in grades three to six to assess individuals in terms of the social anxiety disorder (SAD) variable. We used the social anxiety scale developed by Leibovitz as the questionnaire in this investigation. This self-assessment questionnaire was designed for individuals aged 18 and above. It consists of 24 statements, divided into two subscales: performance anxiety (13 statements) and social settings (11 statements). Each item is individually assessed for fear intensity on a scale of 0 to 3, ranging from no to extreme. Similarly, avoidance behavior is evaluated on a scale of 0 to 3, representing the frequency ranging from never to always. RESULTS The mean general anxiety levels among both groups (students vs. parents) during the pre-test were similar (48.06 ± 4.39 vs. 48.06± 4.1). However, in the post-test, the mean of the experimental groups was lower than that of the pre-test (32.13 ± 3.77 vs. 47.2 ± 3.6). The normality assumption for the pre-test and post-test variables of generalized anxiety was verified with a significance level over 0.05 (p ≥ 0.05). CONCLUSION The findings demonstrated that the integrated meta-diagnostic treatment program for parents had a more pronounced effect on alleviating their social anxiety in comparison to students. These findings imply that if parents possess a comprehensive understanding of the factors contributing to their children's anxiety, it will significantly enhance their ability to mitigate their child's social anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedigheh Pishdar
- Clinical Psychology, Islamic Azad University of Bandar Abbas, Bandar Abbas, IRN
| | - Solaleh Kalantari
- Personality Psychology, Islamic Azad University Sari Branch Campus, Mazandaran, IRN
| | - Sara Kalantari
- Family Therapy, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, IRN
| | - Hamid Reza Sheikhi
- Department of Nursing, Islamic Azad University, Qaenat Branch, Qaenat, IRN
| | - Zeinab Kuchaki
- Department of Nursing, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, IRN
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Porreca A, De Carli P, Filippi B, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, van IJzendoorn MH, Simonelli A. Maternal cognitive functioning and psychopathology predict quality of parent-child relationship in the context of substance use disorder: A 15-month longitudinal study. Dev Psychopathol 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38282537 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579424000026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
This longitudinal study aimed to investigate the role of maternal cognitive functioning and psychopathology in parent-child relationship quality during residential treatment for mothers with Substance Use Disorder (SUD), in order to identify factors that may enhance or limit intervention effects.We assessed cognitive functioning (Esame Neuropsicologico Breve-2 [ENB-2]) and psychopathology (Symptom Checklist-90 Revised [SCL-90-R]) in 60 mothers diagnosed with SUD (Mage = 30.13 yrs; SD = 6.79) at treatment admission. Parent-child relationship quality was measured during free-play interactions using the Emotional Availability Scales every three months from admission (Child Mage = 17.17m; SD = 23.60) to the 15th month of the residential treatment.A main effect of maternal psychopathology and an interaction effect of time and cognitive functioning were found. More maternal psychopathology predicted lower mother-child relationship quality. Mothers with higher cognitive functioning presented a better treatment trajectory, with an increase in mother-child relationship quality, whereas mothers with lower cognitive functioning showed a decrease in relationship quality after initial improvement.These findings suggest that maternal psychopathology and cognitive functioning may influence the treatment of parent-child relationships in the context of SUD, although causality is not yet established. Implications for assessment and intervention are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Porreca
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padua, Via Venezia, PD, Italy
| | - Pietro De Carli
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padua, Via Venezia, PD, Italy
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, MI, Italy
| | - Bianca Filippi
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padua, Via Venezia, PD, Italy
| | | | - Marinus H van IJzendoorn
- Research Department of Clinical, Education and Health Psychology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, UCL, London, UK
| | - Alessandra Simonelli
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padua, Via Venezia, PD, Italy
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Furnham A, Cheng H. Correlates of Conscientiousness: Findings from the Millennium Cohort Study. J Genet Psychol 2024; 185:114-123. [PMID: 37942725 DOI: 10.1080/00221325.2023.2279143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
This study explored correlates of the trait Conscientiousness drawing on longitudinal data from the Millennium Cohort Study (MCS), with a sample of 7,436 mothers. Data were collected when participants' children were born and again at ages nine months, 3, 11, and 14 years. Structural equation modeling showed that the family poverty indicator, self-esteem, parent-child relationship, children's behavioral problems, and education all had significant and direct effects on maternal trait Conscientiousness. The strongest predictor was self-esteem (measured over 13 years previously), followed by children's behavioral problems and parent-child relationship quality. The implications for helping mothers and their children are considered and limitations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Furnham
- BI: Department of Leadership and Organisational Behaviour, Norwegian Business School, Oslo, Norway
| | - Helen Cheng
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
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Zhao X, Adams G, Li D, Esiaka D. Reverence and Reciprocity in Prioritization of Care to a Parent: The Role of Cultural Ecologies and Implications for Decolonizing Relationality. Pers Soc Psychol Bull 2023:1461672231218341. [PMID: 38156630 DOI: 10.1177/01461672231218341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Relationship research in the dominant psychological science portrays the prioritization of conjugal over consanguine relationships as a healthy standard. We argue that this "standard" pattern is only evident in cultural ecologies of independence. Drawing on the Confucian concept of filial piety, we conducted five studies and two mini meta-analyses to normalize the prioritization of mother over spouse. Cultural ecologies were operationalized by a variety of indexes, including histories of residential mobility, country, manipulated relational/residential mobility, and race. While participants situated in cultural ecologies of independence prioritized care to spouse over mother, participants inhabited in interdependence prioritized care to mother over spouse. Both American and Chinese participants showed greater prioritization of care for mother over spouse when they imagined a relational ecology of interdependence versus independence. Authoritarian filial piety mediated cultural-ecological variation on relational prioritization. Results illuminate cultural-ecological foundations of care and naturalize love as dutiful fulfillment of obligation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Zhao
- Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | | | - Dongyu Li
- The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
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Abstract
Fathers have been an important source of child endurance and prosperity since the dawn of civilization, promoting adaptation to social rules, defining cultural meaning systems, teaching daily living skills, and providing the material background against which children developed; still, the recent reformulation in the role of the father requires theory-building. Paternal caregiving is rare in mammals, occurring in 3-5% of species, expresses in multiple formats, and involves flexible neurobiological accommodations to ecological conditions and active caregiving. Here, we discuss father contribution to resilience across development. Our model proposes three tenets of resilience - plasticity, sociality, and meaning - and discussion focuses on father-specific contributions to each tenet at different developmental stages; newborn, infant, preschooler, child, and adolescent. Father's style of high arousal, energetic physicality, guided participation in daily skills, joint adventure, and conflict resolution promotes children's flexible approach and social competence within intimate bonds and social groups. By expanding children's interests, sharpening cognitions, tuning affect regulation, encouraging exploration, and accompanying the search for identity, fathers support the sense of meaning, enhancing the human-specific dimension of resilience. We end by highlighting pitfalls to paternal contribution, including absence, abuse, rigidity, expectations, and gender typing, and the need to formulate novel theories to accommodate the "involved dad."
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Feldman
- Center for Developmental Social Neuroscience, Reichman University,Israel
- Yale Child Study Center, New Haven, USA
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Meijer L, Franz MR, Deković M, van Ee E, Finkenauer C, Kleber RJ, van de Putte EM, Thomaes K. Towards a more comprehensive understanding of PTSD and parenting. Compr Psychiatry 2023; 127:152423. [PMID: 37722204 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2023.152423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) on parenting and the parent-child relationship has been well-documented in the scientific literature. However, some conceptual and methodological challenges within this research field remain. PROCEDURE We reflect on a number of challenges that we identified while examining the literature in preparation of an individual participant data meta-analysis on the relationships between PTSD and parenting. FINDINGS We address 1) the presence of 'trauma-islands'; 2) the need for transdiagnostic theoretical frameworks for mechanisms between PTSD and parenting; 3) the lack of developmental perspectives; 4) the overuse of self-reported retrospective measures; 5) the need to study more diverse samples and cultural contexts; and 6) the lack of research on resilience and post-traumatic growth in parenting. Based on these reflections, we offer suggestions on strategies for responding to these challenges through: 1) welcoming open science; 2) working towards shared theoretical frameworks; 3) doing more longitudinal research 4) expanding the methodological palette; 5) centering lived experience; and 6) taking systemic inequality into account. CONCLUSION With this commentary, we aim to open a discussion on next steps towards a more comprehensive understanding of the association between PTSD and parenting, and inspire collaborative research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurien Meijer
- Sinai Centrum Arkin Mental Health Care, Amstelveen, Laan van de Helende Meesters 2, 1186 AM Amstelveen, the Netherlands; Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 14, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Molly R Franz
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, United States
| | - Maja Deković
- Department of Clinical Child and Family Studies, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 1, 3584 CS Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Elisa van Ee
- Psychotraumacentrum Zuid Nederland, Den Bosch, Bethaniestraat 10, 5211 LJ 's Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands; Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Thomas Van Aquinostraat 4, 6525 GD Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Catrin Finkenauer
- Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 14, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Rolf J Kleber
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 1, 3584 CS Utrecht, the Netherlands; ARQ National Psychotrauma Centre, Diemen, Heidelberglaan 1, 3584 CS Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Elise M van de Putte
- Wilhelmina Children's Hospital / University Medical Center Utrecht, Lundlaan 6, 3584 EA Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Kathleen Thomaes
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centre/VUmc, Laan van de Helende Meesters 2, 1186 AM Amstelveen, the Netherlands
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14
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Chen L. Smartphone dependency and mental health among Chinese rural adolescents: the mediating role of cognitive failure and parent-child relationship. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1194939. [PMID: 37868610 PMCID: PMC10585030 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1194939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background With the widespread use of smartphones in daily life, smartphone dependency has become a global problem, especially among adolescents. Existing research studies have supported the association between smartphone dependency and the mental health of Chinese rural adolescents, but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Objective The present study used a survey to test whether smartphone dependency may be associated with mental health in Chinese rural adolescents. The mediating role of cognitive failure and parent-child relationship was also examined. Materials and methods In total, 941 adolescents (45.91% male; mean age = 14.05, SD = 1.04) in rural areas of mainland China were recruited to complete four scales, including the Mobile Phone Dependence Scale (MPDS), Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ), Family Adaption and Cohesion Evaluation Scales (FACES), and Mental Health of Middle School Students Scale. Results The results showed that both cognitive failure and parent-child relationship acted as mediators in the effect of smartphone dependency on mental health among Chinese rural adolescents, and smartphone dependency also affected parent-child relationship by influencing cognitive failure, thus affecting mental health among Chinese rural adolescents indirectly. Conclusion The present study suggests that improving parent-child relationships and reducing cognitive failure can reduce the impact of smartphone dependency on the mental health of Chinese rural adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilan Chen
- School of Psychology, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, China
- Adolescent Psychological Development and Education Center of Hainan, Haikou, China
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15
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Neoh MJY, Lieu AA, Perinelli E, Balagtas JPM, Nah H, Ho MHR, Esposito G. An intergenerational study of parental bonding on perceptions of parental and spousal criticism and marital relationship quality in Singapore. Fam Process 2023. [PMID: 37712326 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Criticism is a form of interpersonal social rejection and destructive conflict behavior which has been associated with poor relationship outcomes in both parent-child and marital relationships. However, the role of the individual's perceptions of parental and spousal criticism in influencing the perceptions of criticism of other members in the family unit has not been examined. This study investigated the associations between parental bonding and perceptions of parental and spousal criticism across generations in Singapore. In all, 134 Singaporean married parent dyads (G2) and one child (G3) of each dyad were recruited. G2 parent participants completed the Perceived Criticism measure for their parents (G1) and spouses, the Parental Bonding Instrument and the Quality of Marriage Index. G3 children participants completed the Perceived Criticism measure for their parents (G2). Path analysis found that G2 perceptions of parental bonding were significant predictors of G2's perceptions of G1 parental criticism, which significantly predicted both G2's perceptions of spousal criticism and G3's perceptions of G2 parental criticism. Perceptions of spousal criticism were also found to predict marital relationship quality in G2 participants. Findings highlight the intergenerational transmission of perceptions of criticism across relationships in the family unit, providing support that parenting practices and communication patterns in one generation can predict those in the next generation in the Singaporean context. Future studies can look to replicate the findings in other cultures and include further investigations into sibling relationships as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Jin Yee Neoh
- Psychology Program, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - An An Lieu
- Psychology Program, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Enrico Perinelli
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Rovereto (TN), Italy
| | | | - Hilda Nah
- Psychology Program, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Moon-Ho Ringo Ho
- Psychology Program, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gianluca Esposito
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Rovereto (TN), Italy
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16
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Leggett-James MP, Eckstein K, Richmond A, Noack P, Laursen B. The spread of political alienation from parents to adolescent children. J Fam Psychol 2023; 37:947-953. [PMID: 37141010 PMCID: PMC10523884 DOI: 10.1037/fam0001098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The present study examines the interpersonal circumstances that facilitate the spread of political alienation between parents and adolescent children. A total of 571 German adolescents (314 girls, 257 boys) and their mothers and fathers each completed questionnaires describing their own political alienation at two time points, approximately 1 year apart. In addition, adolescents completed questionnaires describing their perceptions of warmth in relationships with parents. Adolescents were in the sixth (M = 12.24 years old), eighth (M = 13.48 years old), and 10th (M = 15.51 years old) grades at the outset. Dyadic analyses revealed that initial parent political alienation predicted subsequent increases in adolescent political alienation for youth who described relationships with parents as high in warmth but not for those describing relationships as low in warmth. Mothers and fathers did not differ in terms of the magnitude of their influence. Adolescents did not influence the political alienation of their parents. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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17
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Yin Y, Jiang T, Thomaes S, Wildschut T, Sedikides C. Nostalgia Promotes Parents' Tradition Transfer to Children by Strengthening Parent-Child Relationship Closeness. Pers Soc Psychol Bull 2023:1461672231187337. [PMID: 37526170 DOI: 10.1177/01461672231187337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Parental tradition transfer to children is pivotal for their socialization, identity formation, and culture perpetuation. But what motivates parents to transfer traditions to their children? We hypothesized that nostalgia, an emotion strengthening interpersonal bonds, would promote tradition transfer through parent-child relationship closeness. We tested these hypotheses using cross-sectional (Studies 1 and 4), cross-lagged (Study 2 and preregistered Study 5), and experimental (Studies 3 and 6) designs. In Studies 1 to 3, nostalgia was associated with, had lagged effect on, and promoted tradition transfer. In Studies 4-6, parent-child relationship closeness mediated the link between nostalgia and tradition transfer. The findings enrich our understanding of the vertical transmission of knowledge, customs, and values, offering insight into how intergenerational bonds are reinforced and cultural heritage is maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yige Yin
- Peking University, Beijing, China
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18
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Valenti GD, Lo Coco A, Iannello NM, Inguglia C, Pluess M, Lionetti F, Ingoglia S. Individual Differences in Adolescents' Civic Engagement: The Role of Civic Discussions with Parents and Environmental Sensitivity. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:6315. [PMID: 37444162 PMCID: PMC10341440 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20136315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The main goal of the current study was to examine the direct and moderating effects of civic discussions with parents and environmental sensitivity using both the total score and its specific dimensions (i.e., Aesthetic Sensitivity, AES; Ease of Excitation, EOE; Low Sensitivity Threshold, LST) on youth civic engagement (attitudes and behaviours). The empirical analysis relied on a questionnaire-based survey conducted on a sample of 438 adolescents (30% males), aged between 14 and 18 years (M = 16.50, SD = 1.36). We used a structural equation model (SEM) with latent variables and the latent moderated structural equation (LMS) method to test our hypotheses. Our results showed that civic discussions with parents were positively and significantly associated with general environmental sensitivity and with AES and predicted both civic attitudes and civic behaviours; EOE was negatively and significantly related to civic behaviours; AES was positively and significantly related to civic attitudes; and LST was not significantly related to either civic attitudes or behaviours. Contrary to our expectations, environmental sensitivity did not moderate the relationship between civic discussions with parents and civic engagement. Our study further highlights the relevance that parents have in shaping their children's civic engagement and makes a novel contribution regarding how differences in perceiving and processing environmental stimuli can affect beliefs and behaviours toward community issues among young individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giusy Danila Valenti
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (G.D.V.); (A.L.C.); (S.I.)
| | - Alida Lo Coco
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (G.D.V.); (A.L.C.); (S.I.)
| | | | - Cristiano Inguglia
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (G.D.V.); (A.L.C.); (S.I.)
| | - Michael Pluess
- Department of Biological and Experimental Psychology, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK;
| | - Francesca Lionetti
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G. D’Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Sonia Ingoglia
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (G.D.V.); (A.L.C.); (S.I.)
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19
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Kamionka A, Lipowska M, Lizińczyk S, Lipowski M. The impact of parents' physical activity goals and parental attitudes on physical activity during leisure time among children in middle childhood. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1170413. [PMID: 37465176 PMCID: PMC10350508 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1170413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Parents' supportiveness and health-promoting habits significantly affect the intensity of children's physical activity (PA) and the involvement of parents in their engagement in PA; in this domain, both the hours devoted to PA and PA goals can be assessed. The family plays an important role in shaping the physical and social organization of the environment for children aged 4-6 years. Methods A total of 680 families with 5-year-old children (330 girls, 350 boys) took part in the study. Data were collected from these participants, who were recruited from preschools and primary schools in the Pomeranian region of Poland. The aim of this study was to determine whether the involvement of parents in PA mediates the influence of parental attitudes on the ways in which their children spend their leisure time. Results The results showed that not all parental attitudes had direct impact on children's leisure time in PA and outside PA. Other aspects parental attitude had no significant impact on offspring's free time. Among fathers, only four aspects of parental attitude (namely, acceptance-rejection, inconsistency, autonomy, and overprotectiveness) had an impact on PA goals. Mothers' goals were influenced by the strength of a larger number of aspects of attitude (namely, acceptance-rejection, autonomy, inconsistency, over-demandingness, and overprotectiveness). Similarly, the strength of mothers' and fathers' acceptance-rejection attitudes, attitudes of autonomy, and overprotectiveness had an impact on their PA goals but were not directly linked to their children's leisure-time engagement in PA. Discussion Not all parental attitudes have a direct impact on children's PA or non-PA leisure time. However, the goals of PA parents have been recognized influence the leisure time of children in PA and outside PA. The most statistically significant relationship for both mothers and fathers was between parental attitudes and PA goals. Parental attitudes do not play a significant role in explaining involvement in PA or lack of it in leisure time among 5-year-old children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Kamionka
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | | | - Mariusz Lipowski
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland
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20
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Badovinac SD, Chow C, Di Lorenzo-Klas MG, Edgell H, Flora DB, Riddell RRP. Parents' Physiological Reactivity to Child Distress and Associations with Parenting Behaviour: A Systematic Review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023:105229. [PMID: 37196925 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review and narrative synthesis characterized parents' physiological stress responses to child distress and how parents' physiological and behavioural responses relate. The review was pre-registered with PROSPERO (#CRD42021252852). In total, 3,607 unique records were identified through Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, and CINAHL. Fifty-five studies reported on parents' physiological stress responses during their young child's (0-3 years) distress and were included in the review. Results were synthesized based on the biological outcome and distress context used and risk of bias was evaluated. Most studies examined cortisol or heart rate variability (HRV). Small to moderate decreases in parents' cortisol levels from baseline to post-stressor were reported across studies. Studies of salivary alpha amylase, electrodermal activity, HRV, and other cardiac outcomes reflected weak or inconsistent physiological responses or a paucity of relevant studies. Among the studies that examined associations between parents' physiological and behavioural responses, stronger associations emerged for insensitive parenting behaviours and during dyadic frustration tasks. Risk of bias was a significant limitation across studies and recommendations for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cheryl Chow
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Heather Edgell
- School of Kinesiology & Health Science, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - David B Flora
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Rebecca R Pillai Riddell
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.
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21
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Morris SS, Price A, McKenzie V, Kemp L. "You do need to do the interaction": Mothers' perceptions of responsive parenting following a home-based parenting intervention. Infant Ment Health J 2023; 44:422-436. [PMID: 36867442 PMCID: PMC10946981 DOI: 10.1002/imhj.22037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Responsive parenting (also known as responsivity) is a dynamic and bidirectional exchange between the parent-child dyad and associated with a child's social and cognitive development. Optimal interactions require a sensitivity and understanding of a child's cues, responsiveness to the child's need, and a modification of the parent's behavior to meet this need. This qualitative study explored the impact of a home visiting program on mothers' perceptions of their responsivity to their children. This study is part of a larger body of research known as right@home, an Australian nurse home visiting program promoting children's learning and development. Preventative programs such as right@home prioritize population groups experiencing socioeconomic and psychosocial adversity. They provide opportunities to promote children's development through the enhancement of parenting skills and an increase in responsive parenting. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 mothers, providing insight into their perceptions of responsive parenting. Four themes were extracted from the data using inductive thematic analysis. These indicated that: (1) mothers' perceived preparation for parenting, (2) recognition of mother and child needs, (3) response to mother and child needs, and (4) motivation to parent with responsiveness, were considered important. This research highlights the importance of interventions that focus on the parent-child relationship in increasing mother's parenting capabilities and promoting responsive parenting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Stucley Morris
- MelbourneGraduate School of EducationUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Anna Price
- Centre for Community Child HealthThe Royal Children's HospitalParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Population HealthMurdoch Children's Research InstituteParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Department of PaediatricsUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Vicki McKenzie
- MelbourneGraduate School of EducationUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Lynn Kemp
- Ingham InstituteWestern Sydney UniversityPenrith SouthNew South WalesAustralia
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22
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Donohue E, Halgunseth LC, Mauldin L, Donorfio LKM, Bellizzi KM. Parent-Child Grief Interactions: A Qualitative Analysis and Conceptual Framework of the Lived Experiences of Young Widowed Parents. Omega (Westport) 2023:302228231169139. [PMID: 37028444 DOI: 10.1177/00302228231169139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
A young parent's death is an unexpected event that incurs family stress and grief for the surviving parent and young children. However, few studies have examined widowed parents' grief experiences and parent-child interactions following a co-parent's death. Guided by phenomenology, this qualitative study examined the lived experiences of (N = 12) surviving parents grieving the loss of their co-parent. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and analyzed using an inductive analytic procedure. Findings included themes of (1) not showing grief with child; (2) talking through grief/emotions with child; (3) maintaining connection between deceased parent and child; (4) timing of sharing things with children; and (5) utilizing bereavement and group support. These findings suggest that support services for surviving parents include providing information to them about the timing of when to share mementos with children and psychoeducation on emotion sharing and masking as part of the grief process with young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Donohue
- Department of Psychology, College of Saint Benedict and Saint John's University, St Joseph, MN, USA
| | - Linda C Halgunseth
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Laura Mauldin
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Laura K M Donorfio
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Keith M Bellizzi
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
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23
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Ionio C, Bigoni F, Sacchi M, Zecca M, Bergami E, Landoni M, Ciuffo G, Rovati A, Rizzi D. Exploring the Effects of Cancer as a Traumatic Event on Italian Adolescents and Young Adults: Investigating Psychological Well-Being, Identity Construction and Coping Strategies. Pediatr Rep 2023; 15:254-262. [PMID: 36976728 PMCID: PMC10056441 DOI: 10.3390/pediatric15010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer in adolescence is considered a family disease that can have numerous negative psychological consequences for adolescents and the entire household. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of oncological disease in adolescence, with particular reference to the psychological and post-traumatic consequences for the adolescents themselves and the family system. An explorative case-control study was conducted with 31 adolescents (mean age 18.03 ± 2.799) hospitalised for cancer at IRCCS San Matteo Hospital in Pavia and 47 healthy adolescents (mean age 16.17 ± 2.099). The two samples completed a survey that included sociodemographic information and questionnaires assessing psychological well-being, traumatic effects of the disease, and adequacy of the relationship with parents. 56.7% of oncology adolescents scored below average in psychological well-being, and a small proportion of them fell within the range of clinical concern for anger (9.7%), PTS (12.9%), and dissociation (12.9%). Compared with peers, there were no significant differences. However, in contrast to peers, oncology adolescents showed a strong influence of the traumatic event on the construction of their identity and life perspectives. A significantly positive correlation also emerged between adolescents' psychological well-being and the relationship with their parents (mothers: r = 0.796; p < 0.01; fathers: r = 0.692; p < 0.01). Our findings highlight how cancer in adolescence could represent a central traumatic event that can shape the identity and life of teenagers who are in an intrinsically delicate and vulnerable stage of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Ionio
- CRIdee, Unità di Ricerca sul Trauma, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università Cattolica, 20123 Milano, Italy
- Società Italiana di Psicologia Pediatrica (S.I.P.Ped), 90144 Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesca Bigoni
- Fondazione Soleterre, 20125 Milano, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico San Matteo IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maddalena Sacchi
- CRIdee, Unità di Ricerca sul Trauma, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università Cattolica, 20123 Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Zecca
- Fondazione Policlinico San Matteo IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Elena Bergami
- Fondazione Policlinico San Matteo IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Marta Landoni
- CRIdee, Unità di Ricerca sul Trauma, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università Cattolica, 20123 Milano, Italy
| | - Giulia Ciuffo
- CRIdee, Unità di Ricerca sul Trauma, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università Cattolica, 20123 Milano, Italy
- Società Italiana di Psicologia Pediatrica (S.I.P.Ped), 90144 Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Rovati
- Fondazione Soleterre, 20125 Milano, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico San Matteo IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Damiano Rizzi
- Fondazione Soleterre, 20125 Milano, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico San Matteo IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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24
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Darmian D, Jumentier N. [Positions adopted by children and their parents during mediated visits]. Soins Pediatr Pueric 2023; 44:49-51. [PMID: 37024183 DOI: 10.1016/j.spp.2023.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Mediated visitation services welcome minors placed in a context of domestic violence. The parent-child relationship is then supported in an attempt to re-establish an intra-family balance that has been weakened and marked by trauma. When the work begins, the child is gradually put back at the heart of the concerns, in his or her place, and the parent regains confidence in himself or herself as well as in his or her parenting abilities. This is a complex and often long process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Darmian
- Service de visites médiatisées, Diapason, Établissement public départemental Le Charmeyran, 9 chemin Duhamel, BP 76, 38700 La Tronche, France.
| | - Nathalie Jumentier
- Service de visites médiatisées, Diapason, Établissement public départemental Le Charmeyran, 9 chemin Duhamel, BP 76, 38700 La Tronche, France
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25
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Carlone C, Milan S, Decoste C, Borelli JL, McMahon TJ, Suchman NE. Self-report measure of parental reflective functioning: A study of reliability and validity across three samples of varying clinical risk. Infant Ment Health J 2023; 44:240-254. [PMID: 36857469 DOI: 10.1002/imhj.22046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
The Parental Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (PRFQ) provides an efficient way to measure a parent's capacity to recognize their child's mental states and to understand the relationship between underlying mental states and behavior. To date, limited work evaluates its psychometric properties beyond initial validation studies. Here we examined the reliability and validity of the PRFQ in three samples of varying clinical risk (e.g., community sample, previous mental health diagnosis, substance use disorder diagnosis). Across samples, the majority (e.g., 75%-78%) of mothers identified as White; all mothers were from the USA. We compared the PRFQ to task-based measures of mentalization, the Parent Development Interview (PDI), and measures of the parent-child relationship. The PRFQ was a reliable measure across samples, and it was associated in theoretically consistent ways with task-based measures of mentalization. Parental RF across the PDI and PRFQ were not highly correlated in a sample of mothers with substance use disorders. Existing RF measures may be tapping into a different component of the broader construct of parental reflective functioning (PRF). The PRFQ was further validated by demonstrating relationships with parent-report measures of the parent-child relationship. Taken together, these findings provide additional support for the reliability and validity of the PRFQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Carlone
- Department of Psychological Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Stephanie Milan
- Department of Psychological Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Cindy Decoste
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jessica L Borelli
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Thomas J McMahon
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Yale Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Nancy E Suchman
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Yale Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Yasui M, Choi Y, Chin M, Miranda Samuels G, Kim K, Victorson D. Parental socialization of mental health in Chinese American families: What parents say and do, and how youth make meaning. Fam Process 2023; 62:319-335. [PMID: 35322420 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Parental mental health socialization is a process by which parents shape how youth develop and maintain beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors regarding mental health and help-seeking behaviors. Although culture shapes parental mental health socialization, few studies have examined specific parental socialization practices regarding mental health and help-seeking, especially as a culturally anchored process. Using a qualitative approach, this study explores youth-reported parental socialization of mental health within Chinese American families by examining focus group data from 69 Chinese American high school and college students. Findings revealed that youth received parental messages that conveyed culturally anchored conceptualizations of mental health that included stigmatized views of mental illness and perceptions of mental distress as not a legitimate problem. Parents responded to youth distress in culturally consonant ways: by encouraging culturally specific coping methods, dismissing or minimizing distress, or responding with silence. Youth engaged in the active interpretation of parental messages through cultural brokering, bridging the gap between their parents' messages and mainstream notions of mental health and help-seeking. Overall, our findings point to the significant role of culture in parental mental health socialization in Chinese American families and the need to integrate culturally specific understandings of mental health into future interventions for Asian American youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miwa Yasui
- Crown Family School of Social Work, Policy, and Practice, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yoonsun Choi
- Crown Family School of Social Work, Policy, and Practice, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Marshall Chin
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Gina Miranda Samuels
- Crown Family School of Social Work, Policy, and Practice, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Karen Kim
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - David Victorson
- Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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27
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Wang J, Chen Y, Chen H, Hua L, Wang J, Jin Y, He L, Chen Y, Yao Y. The mediating role of coping strategies between depression and social support and the moderating effect of the parent-child relationship in college students returning to school: During the period of the regular prevention and control of COVID-19. Front Psychol 2023; 14:991033. [PMID: 36860793 PMCID: PMC9968959 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.991033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective According to the WHO, compared to before the COVID-19 pandemic, young people showed a significant increase in depressive symptoms. In light of the recent coronavirus pneumonia pandemic, this study was conducted to determine how social support, coping style, parent-child relationships, and depression are associated. We investigated how these factors interacted and affected the prevalence of depression during this challenging and unheard-of time. Our research may help both individuals and healthcare professionals better comprehend and assist those who are coping with the pandemic's psychological effects. Design and main outcome measures 3,763 students from a medical college in Anhui Province were investigated with Social Support Rate Scale, Trait Coping Style Questionnaire, and Self-rating Depression Scale. Results When the pandemic situation was normalizing, social support was associated with depression and the coping style of college students (p < 0.01). During the period of pandemic normalization, the parent-child relationship moderated the relationship between social support and positive coping (t = -2.45, p < 0.05); the parent-child relationship moderated the relationship between social support and negative coping (t = -4.29, p < 0.01); and the parent-child relationship moderated the association between negative coping and depression (t = 2.08, p < 0.05). Conclusion Social support has an impact on depression in the period of the regular prevention and control of COVID-19 through the mediating role of coping style and the moderating effect of the parent-child relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Huimin Chen
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Long Hua
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Yuelong Jin
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Lianping He
- School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang, China
| | - Yan Chen
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China,*Correspondence: Yan Chen, ✉
| | - Yingshui Yao
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China,Department of Clinical Medicine, Anhui College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhu, China,Yingshui Yao, ✉
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28
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Li Z, Luo J, Song F, Li J, Shen Y. The Relationship Between Parental Burnout and Children's Learning Burnout: A Moderated Chain Mediation Model. Psychol Rep 2023:332941231156810. [PMID: 36754547 DOI: 10.1177/00332941231156810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Learning burnout is a continuous negative psychological state experienced by students. According to Cultural contextual risk theory and Ecological systems theory, family and school are important factors that affect students' psychological and social development. The study discusses the relationship between and mechanisms of parental burnout and children's learning burnout, and the moderating role of school factors in this process based on previous relevant theories and existing research. This study used the Parental Burnout Assessment, the Parent-Child Relationship Scale, the Positive Psychology Questionnaire, the Adolescent Student Burnout Inventory, and School Connectedness Scale to conduct a cluster sampling survey of 1439 primary school students and one of their parents (the primary caregiver) in China. The results showed that parent-child relationship and children's psychological resilience played a mediating role between parental burnout and students' learning burnout. School connection played a moderating role between parent-child conflict and children's psychological resilience. The study's results indicate that parental burnout is a critical risk factor for children's learning burnout and school connection can be a protective factor. This finding suggests that in education, schools should support and work with parents to promote students' psychological and social development. However, the family remains the primary factor affecting students' development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaocong Li
- School of Psychology, 66523Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Jingyu Luo
- School of Psychology, 66523Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Fang Song
- Educational Science Research and Evaluation Center, Liaoning Institute of Education, Shenyang, China
| | - Jia Li
- School of Psychology, 66523Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Yue Shen
- School of Psychology, 66523Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
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29
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Leung T, Gurdal S, Einarsson I, Werner M, André F, Håkansson A, Claesdotter-Knutsson E. Relapse Prevention Therapy for Problem Gaming or Internet Gaming Disorder in Swedish Child and Youth Psychiatric Clinics: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2023; 12:e44318. [PMID: 36602846 PMCID: PMC9853338 DOI: 10.2196/44318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although gaming is a common arena where children socialize, an increasing number of children are exhibiting signs of problem gaming or internet gaming disorder. An important factor to the development of problem gaming is parent-child relationships. A cognitive behavioral therapy-based form of treatment, labeled relapse prevention, has been developed as a treatment for child and adolescent problem gaming or internet gaming disorder. However, no study has evaluated the effect of this treatment among Swedish children and youth nor the role of the parent-child relationships in this treatment. OBJECTIVE This study aims (1) to evaluate a relapse prevention treatment for patients showing signs of problem gaming or internet gaming disorder recruited from child and youth psychiatric clinics and (2) to test whether the quality of parent-child relationships plays a role in the effect of relapse prevention treatment and vice versa-whether the relapse prevention treatment has a spillover effect on the quality of parent-child relationships. Moreover, we explore the carer's attitudes about parent-child relationships and child gaming, as well as experiences of the treatment among the children, their carers, and the clinicians who carried out the treatment. METHODS This study is a 2-arm, parallel-group, early-stage randomized controlled trial with embedded qualitative components. Children aged 12-18 years who meet the criteria for problem gaming or internet gaming disorder will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to either intervention (relapse prevention treatment) or control (treatment as usual), with a total of 160 (80 + 80) participants. The primary outcomes are measures of gaming and gambling behavior before and after intervention, and the secondary outcomes include child ratings of parent-child communication and family functioning. The study is supplemented with a qualitative component with semistructured interviews to capture participants' and clinicians' experiences of the relapse prevention, as well as attitudes about parent-child relationships and parenting needs in carers whose children completed the treatment. RESULTS The trial started in January 2022 and is expected to end in December 2023. The first results are expected in March 2023. CONCLUSIONS This study will be the first randomized controlled trial evaluating relapse prevention as a treatment for child and adolescent problem gaming and internet gaming disorder in Sweden. Since problem behaviors in children interact with the family context, investigating parent-child relationships adjacent to the treatment of child problem gaming and internet gaming disorder is an important strength of the study. Further, different parties, ie, children, carers, and clinicians, will be directly or indirectly involved in the evaluation of the treatment, providing more knowledge of the treatment and its effect. Limitations include comorbidity in children with problem gaming and internet gaming disorder and challenges with the recruitment of participants. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05506384 (retrospectively registered); https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05506384. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/44318.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sevtap Gurdal
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, University West, Trollhättan, Sweden
| | - Isak Einarsson
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Outpatient Clinic, Region Skåne, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Marie Werner
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Outpatient Clinic, Region Skåne, Lund, Sweden
| | - Frida André
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anders Håkansson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Malmö Addiction Center and Competence Center Addiction, Region Skåne, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Emma Claesdotter-Knutsson
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Outpatient Clinic, Region Skåne, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Quintigliano M, Fortunato A, Lauriola M, Speranza AM. Parent-Child Relationship Scale (P-CRS): A valid and clinically sensitive tool for assessing the parent-child relationship. Infant Ment Health J 2023; 44:92-99. [PMID: 36495571 DOI: 10.1002/imhj.22031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The present study measured the efficacy of the Parent-Child Relationship Scale (P-CRS) in assessing the relationship between parents and children. The aims of the study were to explore how the scale scores change in relation to age and sex of the children, evaluate its ability to capture relational difficulties, and investigating its usefulness to assess the parent-child relationship in the context of certain psychopathological conditions. A total of 322 clinicians rated 542 mother-child dyads (92% Italian, 8% other nationality). The clinical group was comprised of 267 children with confirmed clinical conditions. The control group was comprised of 275 children with typical development, rated by clinicians in their private offices after four to five evaluative sessions. Descriptive statistics were captured and ANOVAs and linear regression analyses were performed to investigate in both groups the efficacy of the scale in assessing the parent-child relationship. Finally, to test P-CRS accuracy, optimal cutoff scores for each subscale were computed using the ROC method. The findings provide evidence for the P-CRS ability to capture relational difficulties in both groups, showing its utility as screening tool. Thus, the results support that P-CRS can be used for exploring how different relationship patterns can occur in different clinical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Quintigliano
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, "Sapienza", University of Rome, Rome, Lazio, Italy
| | - Alexandro Fortunato
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, "Sapienza", University of Rome, Rome, Lazio, Italy
| | - Marco Lauriola
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Lazio, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Speranza
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, "Sapienza", University of Rome, Rome, Lazio, Italy
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31
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Zhuo R, Shi X, Wu Y. Association between Parent-Child Relationship and Second-Time Mother's Prenatal Depressive Symptoms: The Mediation Role of Parenting Burnout. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 20:491. [PMID: 36612814 PMCID: PMC9819863 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this research was to study the association between the mother-firstborn relationship and second-time mothers' prenatal depressive symptoms before the birth of a second child and the mediation role of parenting burnout on this relationship. METHODS Empirical study was adopted in this research. Using a convenient sampling method, we recruited 110 second-time mothers who were in their third trimester of pregnancy. Child-parent relationship questionnaire, parenting burnout scale, and Beck Depression Instrument were used to measure the relationship between firstborn and second-time mothers, mothers' parenting burnout, and prenatal depressive symptoms, respectively. Regression analysis was conducted to test the relationship between variables, and the mediation effect was tested using PROCESS. RESULTS Regression results showed that the parent-child relationship is negatively associated with second-time mothers' prenatal depressive symptoms. The parent-child relationship is negatively associated with parenting burnout which is positively related to prenatal depressive symptoms. When considering the mediation variable of parenting burnout, the direct effect is not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Parent-child relationship has a significant impact on second-time mothers' prenatal depressive symptoms, and this relationship is mediated by parenting burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ying Wu
- Correspondence: (R.Z.); (Y.W.)
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32
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Temmen CD, Lu R, Gee BT, Chen Z, Nansel TR. Latent classifications of parental involvement in diabetes management for youth with type 1 diabetes: A randomized clinical trial. Pediatr Diabetes 2022; 23:1133-1142. [PMID: 36250647 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.13397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Understanding how parent-child relationships influence diabetes management in youth with type 1 diabetes is critical for minimizing the risk of short- and long-term complications. We examined how classes of diabetes-specific parenting behaviors are associated with disease management and well-being for youth with type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The Family Management of Diabetes clinical trial tested the efficacy of a 2-year behavioral intervention for families of youth with type 1 diabetes. Three hundred and ninety youth diagnosed with type 1 diabetes and their primary caregiver were recruited from four pediatric endocrinology centers in the US Classifications of parental involvement utilized baseline parent and youth reports of task involvement, collaborative involvement, and parent-youth conflict. Class differences in baseline glycemic control (HbA1c), regimen adherence, general and diabetes quality of life, and depressive symptoms, and 2-year change in HbA1c were examined. RESULTS Latent profile analysis identified three classes: (1) high in task and collaborative involvement, low in conflict (Harmonious), (2) low in task involvement, collaborative involvement, and conflict (Indifferent), (3) high in task involvement and conflict, low in collaborative involvement (Inharmonious). The Harmonious group demonstrated the best adherence, glycemic control, and psychosocial well-being. The Inharmonious and Indifferent groups had similar diabetes management, but youth from Inharmonious families showed poorer psychosocial well-being. The intervention effect on glycemic control did not differ across the classes. CONCLUSIONS The interplay of parental involvement and conflict resulted in distinct parenting classes that differed in disease management and well-being. However, the classes benefitted similarly from the behavioral intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsie D Temmen
- Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Department of Counseling and Human Development, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Ruijin Lu
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Benjamin T Gee
- Kaiser Permanente, SCPMG Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Zhen Chen
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Tonja R Nansel
- Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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33
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Horita H, Seki Y, Shimizu E. Parents' Perspectives on Their Relationship With Their Adolescent Children With Internet Addiction: Survey Study. JMIR Pediatr Parent 2022; 5:e35466. [PMID: 36197716 PMCID: PMC9582918 DOI: 10.2196/35466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parents of adolescents with internet addiction are confronted with their children's internet problems on a daily basis. Parents may notice that adolescents with addiction may also have emotional and behavioral problems, including impulsivity and violence. Parenting styles have been found to be related to internet addiction. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to investigate parents' perspectives on their parenting style, relationship with their child, and the degree of internet addiction and emotional and behavioral problems of their child. METHODS A web survey was conducted with 600 parents of children between the ages of 12 and 17 years, from October 14 to 18, 2021, across Japan. Respondents were recruited by an internet research company and were asked to complete an anonymous online questionnaire. The survey was divided into two groups: 300 parents who answered "yes" to the question "Do you think your child is dependent on the internet?" and 300 parents who answered "no" to that question. Questionnaires were collected until each group had 300 participants. The questionnaire included (1) the Parent-Child Internet Addiction Test (PCIAT), (2) the daily time spent using the internet, (3) the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), (4) the Parenting Style and Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ), and (5) the Relationship Questionnaire (RQ) measuring self-report attachment style prototypes. RESULTS Mean scores of the PCIAT and the daily time spent using the internet for the group with probable internet addiction were significantly higher than those of the group without probable internet addiction (50%; P<.001). The total difficulties score from the SDQ for the group with probable internet addiction (mean 10.87, SD 5.9) was significantly higher than that for the group without probable internet addiction (mean 8.23, SD 5.64; P<.001). The mean score for authoritarian parenting from the PSDQ for the group with probable internet addiction (mean 2.1, SD 0.58) was significantly higher than that for the group without probable internet addiction (mean 2.1, SD 0.58; P<.001). Regarding the RQ, there were no significant differences between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that parents who think their child is addicted to the internet may recognize emotional and behavioral problems of the child and have an authoritarian parenting style.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Horita
- Department of Cognitive Behavioral Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Japan
| | - Yoichi Seki
- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Center, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Eiji Shimizu
- Department of Cognitive Behavioral Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Center, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan.,Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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Villanueva van den Hurk AW, McKinney C. Emerging Adult Antisocial Problems and Psychological and Physical Maltreatment: Moderation by Other Parent-Child Relationship Quality. J Interpers Violence 2022; 37:NP19084-NP19105. [PMID: 34503346 DOI: 10.1177/08862605211043580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Current research supports that both psychological/physical maltreatment by parents and parent-child relationship quality strongly correlate with children's psychopathology. Less research has examined the interaction effects among these variables, especially in emerging adults. The current study analyzed the association between psychological/physical maltreatment experienced from one parent and antisocial behaviors displayed by emerging adults, as well as the moderating effect of the other parent's parent-child relationship quality. This sample included 1,364 emerging adults (953 females, 411 males) who reported on past year psychological and physical maltreatment and parent-child relationship quality. Results indicated that, when considered together, parent-child relationship quality was a stronger predictor of emerging antisocial problems than maltreatment, with the exception of the father-son dyad. Additionally, overall findings suggested that having a high-quality relationship with one caregiver was associated with lower antisocial problems in the context of high maltreatment from the other caregiver. Nevertheless, there were deviations from this norm. Unexpectedly, the lowest antisocial problems in females were associated with higher levels of paternal physical maltreatment combined with higher levels of maternal parent-child relationship quality. Moreover, the combination of low paternal psychological maltreatment and low maternal relationship quality was associated with particularly high antisocial problems in males. It is important to note the findings in the context of this sample of college students, who could be considered an advantaged group relative to some others. Since our sample might not represent our entire population of interest, which is emerging adults, it is important for future studies to examine these relationships across more diverse emerging adults. Practical implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cliff McKinney
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
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35
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Mordeno IG, Gallemit IMJS, Bangcola BFB, Busaco JJJL, Tuto RT, Hall BJ. Parental migration status moderates the link between parent-child relationship and children's well-being through psychological distress. Psych J 2022; 11:922-935. [PMID: 35842842 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The effects of parental migration on the well-being of left-behind children (LBC) are varied. Several studies demonstrated that parental migration reduces children's psychological health but other research showed contradictory results. This study sought to clarify this issue by examining the mediating role of psychological distress and the moderating role of parental migration status in the association between the parent-child relationship and children's psychological distress. A total of 743 LBC and 688 non-LBC self-reported their parent-child relationship, psychological distress, and well-being. Findings showed that psychological distress mediated the association between parent-child relationship and children's well-being. This denotes that greater parent-child relationship results into lowered levels of psychological distress, and in turn, increases children's emotional, psychological, and social well-being. Moreover, the link between parent-child relationship and psychological distress was found to be contingent to parental migration status. Specifically, the negative association between parent-child relationship and psychological distress was especially strong among LBC in contrast to non- LBC. This implies that children with higher quality relationships with their parents tend to exhibit decreased severity of psychological distress symptoms, especially in children whose parents are working overseas. These results underscore the dynamic role of parent-child relationship in the well-being of LBC, and suggest ways to develop intervention programs that include cultivating skills in managing psychological distress and improving the emotional, psychological, and social well-being of LBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imelu G Mordeno
- Department of Professional Education, Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City, Philippines
| | - I Marie Joy S Gallemit
- School of Graduate Studies, College of Education, Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City, Philippines
| | - Bea Fatima B Bangcola
- Department of Psychology, Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City, Philippines
| | - Jinky Joy Jessica L Busaco
- Department of Psychology, Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City, Philippines
| | - Reignajean T Tuto
- Department of Psychology, Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City, Philippines
| | - Brian J Hall
- Center for Global Health Equity, New York University Shanghai, Pudong New District, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA
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Liao Y, Cheng X, Chen W, Peng X. The Influence of Physical Exercise on Adolescent Personality Traits: The Mediating Role of Peer Relationship and the Moderating Role of Parent-Child Relationship. Front Psychol 2022; 13:889758. [PMID: 35756276 PMCID: PMC9226900 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.889758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is the critical period of the formation for individual personality traits, which would be influenced by numerous factors such as the internal and external environment. In view of physical exercise as an important factor affecting the healthy development of adolescents, whether it would play an important role in the formation of adolescents' personality traits and how it would work deserve further investigation. Based on the Ecological Systems Theory, this study has explored the relationship between physical exercise and adolescents' personality traits, as well as the mediating effect of peer relationship and the moderating effect of parent-child relationship using 9,284 data samples. The regression results show that physical exercise has a significant positive impact on the development of personality traits such as neuroticism, conscientiousness, and agreeableness. Peer relationships exert the mediating effect between physical exercise and adolescents' personality traits. However, parent-child relationship only moderates the effect of physical exercise on conscientiousness and agreeableness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wei Chen
- College of Physical Education, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to gain a clearer understanding of the relation between parental relationship qualities and overall emerging adulthood (EA) marijuana use processes. The present study drew from an ethnically and socioeconomially diverse sample of EAs (ages 19-22) and their parents (n = 470) from the Pacific Northwest region. This study used parent-report and child-report data to capture measures of parenting and EA marijuana use outcomes. Latent Class Growth Analysis (LCGA) was used to model trajectories of marijuana use and risk factor analyses were used to examine how marijuana group membership varied by covariates and parental relationship qualities. Results revealed that lower levels of family cohesion and quality of parent-child communication were more likely to predict membership in the high-using groups and moderate-decreasing user groups in comparison to low-to-non users. Results also indicated that lower levels of frequency of parent-child communication were more likely to predict membership in the high-users group compared to the low-to-non users. Regarding parent knowledge of marijuana use, trends toward congruence and underestimation of EA marijuana use predicted membership in the high-using and moderate-decreasing groups compared to the low-to-non users. Study results indicate EAs in their early 20s may be more likely to engage in healthy decision-making regarding marijuana use in an environment that includes warm, supportive parent-child relationships where parents are aware of their EAs use without focusing on their EA's perceptions of risk. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Sher-Censor E, Shahar-Lahav R. Parents' resolution of their child's diagnosis: A scoping review. Attach Hum Dev 2022; 24:580-604. [PMID: 35156548 DOI: 10.1080/14616734.2022.2034899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
This scoping review focused on parents' resolution of their reactions to receiving a diagnosis for their child, based on Marvin and Pianta's model and Reaction to Diagnosis Interview (RDI). We aimed to map the populations examined, the prevalence of parents' narrated resolution, and what is known about its outcomes and determinants. A structured search identified 47 peer-reviewed papers published between 1992-2021. All employed the RDI and most had a cross-sectional design. Studies focused on a wide range of children's health and mental health diagnoses. Days to years after receiving the diagnosis, RDI narratives of 18.43% to 72.49% of the parents (44% on average) indicated lack of resolution. Studies reported associations between unresolved narratives and children's insecure attachment, higher parenting stress, and poorer parental health. However, findings on the associations of narrated resolution with parents' representations of their child, sensitivity, and psychological symptoms were equivocal, and findings on factors that may shape narrated resolution were limited. To advance the understanding of parents' narrated resolution and its effects, we recommend researchers employ prospective and longitudinal designs, evaluate narrated resolution as a continuous phenomenon, focus on outcomes derived from attachment theory, and systematically sample families from heterogenous cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efrat Sher-Censor
- The Interdisciplinarity MA and PhD programs in Child Development, School of Psychological Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ravit Shahar-Lahav
- The Interdisciplinarity MA and PhD programs in Child Development, School of Psychological Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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Naicker VV, Bury SM, Hedley D. Factors associated with parental resolution of a child's autism diagnosis: A systematic review. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1079371. [PMID: 36683975 PMCID: PMC9849876 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1079371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Receiving a child's autism diagnosis can be stressful; as such, parent resolution contributes to the wellbeing and development of healthy parent-child relationships. In other significant childhood diagnoses (e.g., cerebral palsy, diabetes), the degree to which parents adjust to (a) their child's diagnosis and (b) their changes in expectations concerning their child's development and capacity (referred to as resolution to diagnosis), has been associated with improved outcomes including facilitating parent-child relationships and improved parental wellbeing. Given potential benefits to parent and child, and the heterogenous nature of autism, examining the unique factors associated with resolution to diagnosis is important. In this systematic review we identified factors that support or inhibit parental resolution to their child receiving a diagnosis of autism. METHODS We completed a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines of peer-reviewed studies from 2017 to 2022, that investigated parental resolution or acceptance of an autism diagnosis. Papers including "acceptance" needed to encompass both accepting the diagnosis and the implications regarding the child's abilities. We searched six databases (Scopus, Web of Science, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, ProQuest), with additional papers located following review of reference lists. RESULTS Fourteen papers with 592 participants that investigated parental resolution or acceptance of an autism diagnosis, were included. We identified six common factors that facilitate or inhibit parental resolution and acceptance of an autism diagnosis including: symptom severity; religion, belief, and culture; knowledge and uncertainty; negative emotions (i.e., denial, shame, guilt); positive emotions; and support. Greater resolution was associated with improved "attunement and insightfulness" in the parent-child relationship. LIMITATION The review was limited by the small number of studies meeting inclusion criteria. Second, the quality of included studies was mixed, with over half of the studies being qualitative and only one randomized control trial (RCT) identified. CONCLUSION Parental resolution can have an impact on parent's perception of their child's capabilities and impact the parent-child relationship. We identified six categories that aid in inhibiting or promoting resolution to diagnosis. Despite taking a broad approach on the definition of resolution, the low number of studies identified in the review indicates a need for more research in this area. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, PROSPERO [ID: CRD42022336283].
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Affiliation(s)
- Vrinda V Naicker
- Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Simon M Bury
- Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Darren Hedley
- Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Wu Y, Wu Y, Chong D, Zhang W. The Promotion of Creativity of Vocational College Students: The Role of Parent-Child Relationship, Emotional Intelligence, and Grit. Front Psychol 2021; 12:765444. [PMID: 34867667 PMCID: PMC8635005 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.765444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To examine whether emotional intelligence played a mediation role in the association between parent-child relationship and vocational college student’s creativity, and whether grit moderated this mediating process. Methods: 663 vocational college students participated in this study and completed four questionnaires at three time points, which included measures of parent-child relationship, creativity, emotional intelligence, and grit. Results: (1) Emotional intelligence mediated the relationship between parent-child relationship and vocational college student’s creativity; (2) grit moderated the mediating role of emotional intelligence between parent-child relationship and vocational college student’s creativity. Conclusion: Parent-child relationship had both direct effects on vocational college student’s creativity and indirect effects through emotional intelligence. Grit moderates the effect of emotional intelligence on vocational college student’s creativity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushen Wu
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yubin Wu
- Hakka Studies College of Gannan Normal University, School of History Culture and Tourism, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Daohan Chong
- Shandong Water Conservancy Vocational College, Rizhao, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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Laursen B, Dickson DJ, Boivin M, Bowker JC, Brendgen M, Rubin KH. Revisiting the hypothesis that friends buffer against diminished self-esteem arising from poor quality parent-adolescent relationships: A replication study. Dev Psychol 2021; 57:2067-2081. [PMID: 34928659 PMCID: PMC8694567 DOI: 10.1037/dev0001119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
This replication study revisited conclusions from 2 previous investigations (Gauze, Bukowski, Aquan-Assee, & Sippola, 1996; van Aken & Asendorpf, 1997), which suggested that support from friends buffers against diminished self-esteem arising from poor quality relationships with mothers during the transition into adolescence. The aim of this replication study was to conduct an independent test of these findings with both concurrent and longitudinal data. Concurrent data for replication analyses were drawn from 4 projects, involving a total of 959 boys and 1,119 girls (ages 10 to 14) from Canada and the United States. Three samples reported participant ethnic descent: Africa (12.1%), Asia (5.6%), Europe (65.3%), Latin America (12.1%), and Native North America (0.9%). Child and mother reports of mother-child relationship quality assayed (a) maternal social support (in 3 data sets), and (b) family cohesion and adaptability (in 2 data sets). Main effects were replicated but hypothesized buffering effects were not. Maternal social support and friend social support were independently associated with adolescent self-esteem, concurrently, but not longitudinally. Family cohesion (but not adaptability) was associated with adolescent self-esteem, concurrently and longitudinally. Friend social support did not moderate associations between mother-child relationship quality and adolescent self-esteem, concurrently or longitudinally. The findings are consistent with a cumulative effects model wherein friends uniquely contribute to adolescent self-worth, over and above the contribution of mothers. The findings do not support claims that friends moderate associations between mother-child relationship quality and adolescent self-esteem. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett Laursen
- Department of Psychology, Florida Atlantic University
| | | | | | - Julie C Bowker
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York
| | - Mara Brendgen
- Department of Psychology, University of Quebec in Montreal
| | - Kenneth H Rubin
- Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park
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Armstrong-Carter E, Miller JG, Obradović J. Parent-child physiological synchrony: Concurrent and lagged effects during dyadic laboratory interaction. Dev Psychobiol 2021; 63:e22196. [PMID: 34674249 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated whether parents and kindergarten children show concurrent and time-lagged physiological synchrony during dyadic interaction. Further, we tested whether parent-child behavioral co-regulation was associated with concurrent and time-lagged synchrony, and whether synchrony varied by the type of interaction task. Participants were 94 children (Mage = 5.6 years, 56% female) and their parents. We simultaneously measured parent and child respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) during four dyadic interaction tasks: free play, clean up, problem-solving, and puzzle teaching. We found that synchrony varied by task. Concurrent synchrony occurred only during the puzzle teaching task, such that parent and child RSA were significantly and positively associated with each other simultaneously. Time-lagged synchrony occurred only during the problem-solving task, such that parent RSA was positively associated with child RSA 30 seconds later, and child RSA was negatively associated with parent RSA 30 seconds later. Although behavioral co-regulation and physiological synchrony have been conceptualized as markers of responsive parent-child interactions, our study finds no evidence that physiological synchrony is associated with between-dyad differences in behavioral co-regulation.
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Cuong VM, Assanangkornchai S, Wichaidit W, Minh Hanh VT, My Hanh HT. Associations between gaming disorder, parent-child relationship, parental supervision, and discipline styles: Findings from a school-based survey during the COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam. J Behav Addict 2021; 10:722-730. [PMID: 34564065 PMCID: PMC8997202 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2021.00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Vietnam implemented numerous measures to reduce the transmission of COVID-19 among school students, including study-at-home/self-quarantine. During the study-at-home period, adolescents may engage in more video gaming than usual, potentially contributing to gaming disorder. However, the regionally-representative prevalence of gaming disorder and its association with parenting practice and discipline practice have not been described. We assessed the prevalence of gaming disorder among Vietnamese adolescents during the initial 6 months of the COVID-19 pandemic and the associations between gaming disorder and parenting practice and discipline practice. METHODS We conducted a school-based, self-administered cross-sectional survey of 2,084 students in Hanoi, Vietnam (response rate = 97.1%). The survey included standardized instruments translated from English to Vietnamese. We performed multilevel logistic regressions to assess the associations between parenting practice, discipline practice, and gaming disorder. RESULTS The prevalence of gaming disorder among the respondents was 11.6%. Healthy parent-child relationship was protective against gaming disorder (Adj OR = 0.36; 95% CI = 0.21, 0.62). Non-supervision, non-discipline, violent discipline were positively associated with gaming disorder. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS We found associations between gaming disorder and parent-child relationship, parental supervision, and parental discipline. Future interventional studies should consider assessing the effect of fostering healthy parent-child relationships and appropriate discipline on the occurrence or prognosis of gaming disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vu Manh Cuong
- Health Strategy and Policy Institute, Vietnam Ministry of Health, Hanoi, Vietnam,Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Sawitri Assanangkornchai
- Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand,Corresponding author. E-mail:
| | - Wit Wichaidit
- Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Vu Thi Minh Hanh
- Health Strategy and Policy Institute, Vietnam Ministry of Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hoang Thi My Hanh
- Health Strategy and Policy Institute, Vietnam Ministry of Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Trumello C, Bramanti SM, Lombardi L, Ricciardi P, Morelli M, Candelori C, Crudele M, Cattelino E, Baiocco R, Chirumbolo A, Babore A. COVID-19 and home confinement: A study on fathers, father-child relationships and child adjustment. Child Care Health Dev 2021; 48:917-923. [PMID: 34510515 PMCID: PMC8653319 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to explore fathers' adjustment and father-child relationships during the first peak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak (April 2020). More particularly, the study analysed paternal perceptions of changes concerning familial economic conditions and children's psychological difficulties (viz., emotional problems and hyperactivity) during the lockdown produced by the current pandemic. Furthermore, we investigated the following correlates of fathers' parenting stress: socio-demographic condition, paternal individual stress, anxiety, depression and changes in the father-child relationship during the outbreak. METHODS A total of 102 fathers (mean age = 41.60 years; SD = 11.54) with minor children were recruited through an online survey and reported data about their socio-economic condition, anxiety, and depressive levels, parenting stress, offspring's adjustment, and changes in their relationship with their children. RESULTS As for the economic conditions, participants were equally distributed between those who did not perceive changes and those who perceived a worsening. With regard to changes in the child's psychological difficulties, results showed that levels of children's emotional problems and inattention/hyperactivity had significantly increased during the lockdown period. A multiple linear regression analysis highlighted that the principal predictor of paternal parenting stress was living in the regions most affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, followed by high levels of paternal anxiety symptomatology and high levels of worsening of the relationship with the child during the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our study suggests to consider the effects of COVID-19 on fathers as well, as they have been rather overlooked by previous research that has mainly focused on mothers, and to plan specific interventions able to also take them into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Trumello
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial SciencesD'Annunzio University of Chieti–PescaraChietiItaly
| | - Sonia M. Bramanti
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial SciencesD'Annunzio University of Chieti–PescaraChietiItaly
| | - Lucia Lombardi
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial SciencesD'Annunzio University of Chieti–PescaraChietiItaly
| | - Piera Ricciardi
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial SciencesD'Annunzio University of Chieti–PescaraChietiItaly
| | - Mara Morelli
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health StudiesSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Carla Candelori
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial SciencesD'Annunzio University of Chieti–PescaraChietiItaly
| | - Monia Crudele
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial SciencesD'Annunzio University of Chieti–PescaraChietiItaly
| | - Elena Cattelino
- Deparment of Human and Social SciencesUniversity of Aosta ValleyAostaItaly
| | - Roberto Baiocco
- Department of Developmental and Social PsychologySapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | | | - Alessandra Babore
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial SciencesD'Annunzio University of Chieti–PescaraChietiItaly
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Bendel-Stenzel LC, An D, Kochanska G. Parent-child relationship and child anger proneness in infancy and attachment security at toddler age: a short-term longitudinal study of mother- and father-child dyads. Attach Hum Dev 2021; 24:423-438. [PMID: 34491149 PMCID: PMC8898988 DOI: 10.1080/14616734.2021.1976399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Early parent-child relationship and child negative emotionality have both been studied as contributors to attachment security, but few studies have examined whether negative emotionality can moderate effects of parent-child relationship on security and whether the process is comparable across mother- and father-child dyads and different security measures. In 102 community families, we observed parent-child shared positive affect and infants' anger proneness at 7 months, and attachment security at 15 months, using observer-rated Attachment Q-Set (AQS) and a continuous measure derived from Strange Situation Paradigm (SSP). For mother-child dyads, high shared positive affect and low anger proneness were associated with AQS security. Those effects were qualified by their interaction: Variations in shared positive affect were associated with security only for relatively more anger-prone children. That effect reflected the diathesis-stress model. For father-child dyads, shared positive affect was associated with security. There were no effects for SSP security with either parent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danming An
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Grazyna Kochanska
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
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Dubois-Comtois K, Suffren S, St-Laurent D, Milot T, Lemelin JP. Child Psychological Functioning During the COVID-19 Lockdown: An Ecological, Family-Centered Approach. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2021; 42:532-539. [PMID: 34518496 PMCID: PMC8432605 DOI: 10.1097/dbp.0000000000000935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate how sociodemographic characteristics and various aspects of parent well-being, family functioning, parent-child relationship, and child characteristics are related to psychological functioning in children aged 9 to 12 years during the COVID-19 lockdown. METHOD Participants included 144 children aged 9 to 12 years and their parents who lived in the province of Quebec, Canada, during the COVID-19 mandatory lockdown. Parents and children were administered a phone-based survey in which various child, parent, parent-child, and family characteristics were assessed. RESULTS Results showed that higher internalizing problems in children were related to greater depressive symptoms in parents, lower attachment security to parents, and greater aversion to aloneness in children. Results on externalizing behavior problems showed that more problems were associated with more family dysfunction and chaos and lower attachment security to parents. Finally, results on children's anxiety toward COVID-19 showed that more anxiety was associated with greater parental anxiety toward COVID-19 and more child aversion to aloneness. CONCLUSION Our findings showed that even during an unusual and stressful context such as a pandemic, proximal variables such as the attachment relationship that have been known to be closely associated with adaptation are significantly related to child psychological functioning. Such observations are important because they highlight factors that may accentuate child vulnerability in times of a pandemic and shed light on potential intervention targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Dubois-Comtois
- Département de Psychologie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux du Nord-de-I'lle-de-Montréal (CIUSSS-NIM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sabrina Suffren
- Département de Psychologie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux du Nord-de-I'lle-de-Montréal (CIUSSS-NIM), Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche Universitaire sur les Jeunes et les Familles (CRUJeF), Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Diane St-Laurent
- Département de Psychologie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche Universitaire sur les Jeunes et les Familles (CRUJeF), Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Tristan Milot
- Centre de Recherche Universitaire sur les Jeunes et les Familles (CRUJeF), Québec, QC, Canada
- Département de Psychoéducation, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Pascal Lemelin
- Centre de Recherche Universitaire sur les Jeunes et les Familles (CRUJeF), Québec, QC, Canada
- Département de Psychoéducation, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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Tagliabue S, Zambelli M, Sorgente A, Sommer S, Hoellger C, Buhl HM, Lanz M. Latent Congruence Model to Investigate Similarity and Accuracy in Family Members' Perception: The Challenge of Cross-National and Cross-Informant Measurement (Non)Invariance. Front Psychol 2021; 12:672383. [PMID: 34456789 PMCID: PMC8385144 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.672383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Several methods are available to answer questions regarding similarity and accuracy, each of which has specific properties and limitations. This study focuses on the Latent Congruence Model (LCM; Cheung, 2009), because of its capacity to deal with cross-informant measurement invariance issues. Until now, no cross-national applications of LCM are present in the literature, perhaps because of the difficulty to deal with both cross-national and cross-informant measurement issues implied by those models. This study presents a step-by-step procedure to apply LCM to dyadic cross-national research designs controlling for both cross-national and cross-informant measurement invariance. An illustrative example on parent–child support exchanges in Italy and Germany is provided. Findings help to show the different possible scenarios of partial invariance, and a discussion related to how to deal with those scenarios is provided. Future perspectives in the study of parent–child similarity and accuracy in cross-national research will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semira Tagliabue
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Brescia, Italy
| | - Michela Zambelli
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Sorgente
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Sabrina Sommer
- Department of Psychology, Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany
| | | | - Heike M Buhl
- Department of Psychology, Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Margherita Lanz
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
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Li Z, Yu C, Nie Y. The Association between School Climate and Aggression: A Moderated Mediation Model. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18168709. [PMID: 34444470 PMCID: PMC8394214 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
While previous studies have shown evidence of an association between school climate and aggression, few have explored the mechanisms behind this association. As such, this cross-sectional study focused on both the mediating effects of self-control and the moderating effects of the parent-child relationship on the association between school climate and aggression. Data were obtained through an anonymous survey conducted among 1030 Chinese elementary and middle school students (52.72% male, average age = 11.53 years), who responded to items on school climate, aggression, self-control, and the parent-child relationship. First, the results showed that school climate was negatively associated with aggression. Second, a mediation analysis showed that self-control significantly mediated the association between school climate and aggression. Third, a moderated mediation analysis showed that the parent-child relationship significantly moderated the first stage of the indirect path (school climate → self-control). Specifically, this association was notably stronger among children and adolescents with better parent-child relationships. In sum, these findings constitute a valuable reference for both improving self-control and in the context of targeted interventions aimed at preventing aggression in children and adolescents in China.
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Nap-van der Vlist MM, van der Wal RC, Grosfeld E, van de Putte EM, Dalmeijer GW, Grootenhuis MA, van der Ent CK, van den Heuvel-Eibrink MM, Swart JF, Bodenmann G, Finkenauer C, Nijhof SL. Parent-Child Dyadic Coping and Quality of Life in Chronically Diseased Children. Front Psychol 2021; 12:701540. [PMID: 34393938 PMCID: PMC8355494 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.701540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Different forms of dyadic coping are associated with positive outcomes in partner relationships, yet little is known about dyadic coping in parent-child relationships. The current research explored the association between parent-child dyadic coping and children’s quality of life in 12–18-year old children with a chronic disease (i.e., cystic fibrosis, autoimmune diseases, and children post-cancer treatment). In a sample of 105 parent-child dyads, self-reported forms of dyadic coping (i.e., stress communication, problem-oriented, emotion-oriented, and negative dyadic coping) and children’s quality of life were assessed. Children reported more stress communication and negative dyadic coping than their parents, while parents reported more problem-oriented dyadic coping and emotion-oriented dyadic coping than their children. More stress communication of the child was associated with more emotion-oriented dyadic coping and less negative dyadic coping of the parent. More negative dyadic coping of the child was associated with less stress communication, problem-oriented dyadic coping and emotion-oriented dyadic coping of the parent. Additionally, both children’s and parents’ negative dyadic coping were associated with lower self-reported pediatric quality of life and parents’ emotion-oriented dyadic coping was associated with higher pediatric quality of life. These findings emphasize that children and their parents mutually influence each other and that dyadic coping is associated with children’s quality of life. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merel M Nap-van der Vlist
- Department of Pediatrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Reine C van der Wal
- Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Eva Grosfeld
- Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Elise M van de Putte
- Department of Pediatrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Geertje W Dalmeijer
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Cornelis K van der Ent
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Joost F Swart
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology/Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Guy Bodenmann
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Catrin Finkenauer
- Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Sanne L Nijhof
- Department of Pediatrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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50
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Blume M, Rattay P, Hoffmann S, Spallek J, Sander L, Herr R, Richter M, Moor I, Dragano N, Pischke C, Iashchenko I, Hövener C, Wachtler B. Health Inequalities in Children and Adolescents: A Scoping Review of the Mediating and Moderating Effects of Family Characteristics. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:7739. [PMID: 34360031 PMCID: PMC8345625 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18157739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
This scoping review systematically mapped evidence of the mediating and moderating effects of family characteristics on health inequalities in school-aged children and adolescents (6-18 years) in countries with developed economies in Europe and North America. We conducted a systematic scoping review following the PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews recommendations. We searched the PubMed, PsycINFO and Scopus databases. Two reviewers independently screened titles, abstracts and full texts. Evidence was synthesized narratively. Of the 12,403 records initially identified, 50 articles were included in the synthesis. The included studies were conducted in the United States (n = 27), Europe (n = 18), Canada (n = 3), or in multiple countries combined (n = 2). We found that mental health was the most frequently assessed health outcome. The included studies reported that different family characteristics mediated or moderated health inequalities. Parental mental health, parenting practices, and parent-child-relationships were most frequently examined, and were found to be important mediating or moderating factors. In addition, family conflict and distress were relevant family characteristics. Future research should integrate additional health outcomes besides mental health, and attempt to integrate the complexity of families. The family characteristics identified in this review represent potential starting points for reducing health inequalities in childhood and adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Blume
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch-Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (M.B.); (P.R.); (C.H.)
| | - Petra Rattay
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch-Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (M.B.); (P.R.); (C.H.)
| | - Stephanie Hoffmann
- Department of Public Health, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, 01968 Senftenberg, Germany; (S.H.); (J.S.); (L.S.)
| | - Jacob Spallek
- Department of Public Health, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, 01968 Senftenberg, Germany; (S.H.); (J.S.); (L.S.)
| | - Lydia Sander
- Department of Public Health, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, 01968 Senftenberg, Germany; (S.H.); (J.S.); (L.S.)
| | - Raphael Herr
- Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany;
| | - Matthias Richter
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06112 Halle, Germany; (M.R.); (I.M.)
| | - Irene Moor
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06112 Halle, Germany; (M.R.); (I.M.)
| | - Nico Dragano
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (N.D.); (C.P.)
| | - Claudia Pischke
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (N.D.); (C.P.)
| | - Iryna Iashchenko
- Health Economics, Technical University of Munich, 80992 München, Germany;
| | - Claudia Hövener
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch-Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (M.B.); (P.R.); (C.H.)
| | - Benjamin Wachtler
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch-Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (M.B.); (P.R.); (C.H.)
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