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Gaynor N, Fitzgerald L. Mind-Wandering and Its Relationship With Psychological Wellbeing and Obsessive-Compulsive Symptomatology in the Context of Covid-19. Psychol Rep 2023:332941231203563. [PMID: 37787173 DOI: 10.1177/00332941231203563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Mind-wandering (MW) as a research topic has received considerable attention over the last several decades. The recent differentiation between spontaneous and deliberate MW has suggested a particular effect of the former on psychopathology; in that increased spontaneous MW may precede mental illness. The present study sought to explore MW as a potential contributing factor to poor mental health in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic. More specifically, we sought to determine firstly, whether the effects of MW frequency, type and content on subjective psychological wellbeing was consistent with previous findings after controlling for the impacts of Covid-related stress. Secondly, previous research has demonstrated an effect of both Covid-stress and spontaneous MW on the experience of obsessive-compulsive symptomatology (OCS), and so the present study explored this relationship further by assessing whether Covid-stress mediated the relationship between spontaneous MW and OCS. Participants completed measures of MW, OCS and psychological wellbeing through an online questionnaire. The results indicated that increased spontaneous MW was indicative of both poorer subjective psychological wellbeing and OCS, with Covid-stress partially mediating the relationship between spontaneous MW and OCS. Our findings provide further support for the adverse effect of unintentional MW on psychological wellbeing, as well as for the differentiation between both forms of the cognitive phenomenon. Additionally, they provide an important insight into one of the factors that may have preceded poor mental health among the Irish population during Covid-19. Future research may build upon the present study by exploring similar relationships among clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh Gaynor
- School of Psychology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lisa Fitzgerald
- School of Psychology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
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Seidler A, Schubert M, Freiberg A, Drössler S, S. Hussenoeder F, Conrad I, Riedel-Heller S, Romero Starke K. Psychosocial Occupational Exposures and Mental Illness. DEUTSCHES ARZTEBLATT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 119:709-715. [PMID: 36345690 PMCID: PMC9835701 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.m2022.0295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study is to investigate the exposure-risk relationship between psychosocial occupational stress and mental illness. METHODS We conducted a systematic review with meta-analyses as an update of a systematic review published in 2014. The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020170032). Literature searches were carried out in the MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Embase databases. All procedural steps were performed independently by two reviewers; discordances were solved by consensus. All of the included full texts were subject to a methodological appraisal. Certainty of evidence was determined with the GRADE procedure. RESULTS The pooled risk of depression was found to be approximately doubled in workers exposed to high job strain, which is defined as high work demands combined with low job control (effect estimate [EE] = 1.99, 95% CI [1.68; 2.35], heterogeneity [I2] = 24.7%, n = 8). In particular, high work demands are associated with incident depression (ES = 13.8 [1.19; 1.61], I2 = 69.0%, n = 9) and with incident anxiety disorder (ES = 1.79 [1.44; 2.23], I2 = 48.1%, n = 5). There were only a small number of methodologically adequate studies available on burnout, somatoform disorders, suicidal ideation, and suicide. Thus, no pooled risk estimates were calculated, although some individual studies showed a considerably increased risk. CONCLUSION Psychosocial occupational stress is clearly associated with depression and anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Seidler
- *All authors are co-first authors.,Institute and Policlinic of Occupational and Social Medicine (IPAS), Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany,*Poliklinik für Arbeits- und Sozialmedizin Medizinische Fakultät der TU Dresden Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden Germany
| | - Melanie Schubert
- *All authors are co-first authors.,Institute and Policlinic of Occupational and Social Medicine (IPAS), Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alice Freiberg
- Institute and Policlinic of Occupational and Social Medicine (IPAS), Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stephanie Drössler
- Institute and Policlinic of Occupational and Social Medicine (IPAS), Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Felix S. Hussenoeder
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ines Conrad
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Steffi Riedel-Heller
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Karla Romero Starke
- Institute and Policlinic of Occupational and Social Medicine (IPAS), Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Jang J, Kim I, Kim Y, Song J. Comparison of Work-Related Stress in Cluster of Workers' Suicides in Korea: Analysis of Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance, 2010-2017. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19053013. [PMID: 35270710 PMCID: PMC8910343 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19053013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background: There is limited research on the heterogeneity of worker suicides. We compared differences in workers’ suicides by clustering suicide deaths. Methods: From 2010 to 2017, 353 suicide deaths were claimed in the Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance; variables were coded using a standardized methodology. A two-step cluster analysis classified the clusters based on demographic and employment conditions. Details of the suicide, clinical variables, personal stresses, and work-related stresses were compared using the chi-square test and one-way analysis of variance. Results: We identified five clusters and they differed particularly in work-related stress. “Responsibility-burdened type” experienced excessive responsibility as managers; “role-changed type” experienced a sudden and unpredictable role change as clerks or sales workers; “risk-exposed type” experienced physical risk factors at work (working alone, outdoors, and in shifts) as machine operating and assembling workers, or craft and related trades workers; “job-insecurity type” experienced unstable employment (irregular, nonpermanent) as elementary or service workers; “workplace-violence type” was mainly unmarried women who lived alone, and experienced interpersonal conflict and violence as professionals and related workers. There were no differences between clusters in clinical variables (except problem drinking) and personal stresses. Conclusion: Interventions to alleviate work-related stress in worker clusters are needed to prevent suicide in workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungwon Jang
- Institute for Health and Society, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea;
| | - Inah Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-22-220-0665
| | - Yangwoo Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul Hospital, Seoul 04763, Korea;
| | - Jaechul Song
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea;
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Jang J, Kim Y, Song J, Kim I. Occupation, work-related stress, and personal characteristics among suicide deaths with occupation-related compensation claims in Korea. J Occup Health 2021; 63:e12233. [PMID: 33991042 PMCID: PMC8122011 DOI: 10.1002/1348-9585.12233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study compared differences in age‐standardized suicide mortality rates, personal characteristics (demographics, employment conditions, and details of suicide), and work‐related stress by gender and occupation among workers who had committed suicide in Korea. Methods Data comprised 413 suicide death claims lodged with the Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance (IACI) from 2010 to 2018, which were coded. We calculated age‐standardized suicide mortality rates by gender and occupation. The chi‐square test, Fisher's exact test, and t‐test were conducted to examine gender differences. Frequency and percentage distribution by gender and occupation were calculated using descriptive statistics. Results Regardless of gender, age‐standardized suicide mortality rate was highest among “Managers.” Women who died by suicide were significantly younger and more likely to be unmarried, live alone, and have fewer years of continuous employment than men. “Managers,” “Professionals and Related Workers,” and “Clerks” experienced similar work‐related stresses, including “Difficult work to achieve,” “Fail to achieve allocation workload,” and “Change of job contents or workload.” “Skilled Agricultural, Forestry and Fishery Workers,” “Craft and Related Trades Workers,” and “Equipment, Machine Operating and Assembling Workers” had higher work‐related stress related to “Severe disease/injury” or “Causing a serious accident” compared with other workers. Conclusions Work‐related stress related to suicide deaths differed by gender and occupation. The gender gap of labor market participation in Korea may affect gender differences in terms of demographics and employment conditions among workers who died by suicide. Our study suggests that gender‐ and occupation‐specific strategies and policies to reduce work‐related stress can prevent suicide among workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungwon Jang
- Institute for Health and Society, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yangwoo Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaechul Song
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Inah Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Son J, Lee S. Effects of work stress, sleep, and shift work on suicidal ideation among female workers in an electronics company. Am J Ind Med 2021; 64:519-527. [PMID: 33749856 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide is the leading cause of death in young adults in Korea. Stress in the workplace affects the suicide rate; young female workers are particularly vulnerable to adverse work environments. We investigated the relationships of shift work, sleep, and work stress to suicidal ideation. METHODS This study used data from 508 female workers aged 22-40 years in an electronics company. Data on baseline characteristics, work patterns, sleep quality (using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), and work stress levels using the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) were obtained from questionnaires. We examined associations between suicidal ideation and shift work, sleep quality, and KOSS scores. RESULTS Suicidal ideation was significantly higher among shift workers (odds ratio [OR], 2.38; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.31-4.32), those with poor sleep (OR, 2.84; 95% CI, 1.68-4.84), and those with high work stress (OR, 3.30; 95% CI, 1.82-6.00). Both 3 × 12 h shift workers (OR, 2.98; 95% CI, 1.35-6.57) and 4 × 8 h shift workers (OR, 2.14; 95% CI, 1.03-4.45) had increased suicidal ideation. High work stress (OR, 11.55; 95% CI, 2.93-45.48) had stronger associations with suicidal ideation than poor sleep (OR, 3.86; 95% CI, 1.21-12.33) in shift workers. The combined effect of poor sleep and high KOSS on suicidal ideation was stronger in shift workers (OR, 13.39; 95% CI, 3.22-55.62) than day workers (OR, 4.31; 95% CI, 1.03-18.01). CONCLUSIONS Shift workers are more vulnerable than day workers to the combination of work stress and poor sleep quality as well as to work stress alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junseok Son
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine Changwon Republic of Korea
| | - Sangyoon Lee
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine Inha University Hospital Incheon Republic of Korea
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Maheen H, Dimov S, Spittal MJ, King TL. Suicide in welfare support workers: a retrospective mortality study in Australia 2001-2016. Occup Environ Med 2021; 78:oemed-2020-106757. [PMID: 33574066 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2020-106757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Employees working in the welfare and healthcare industry have poorer mental health than other occupational groups; however, there has been little examination of suicide among this group. In this study, we examined suicide rates among welfare support workers and compared them to other occupations in Australia. METHODS We used data from the National Coroners Information System to obtain suicide deaths between the years 2001 and 2016. Using the Australian standard population from 2001 and Census data from 2006, 2011 and 2016, we calculated age-standardised suicide rates and rate ratios to compare suicide rates across different occupational groups. RESULTS Overall, the age-standardised suicide rate of welfare support workers was 8.6 per 100 000 people. The gender-stratified results show that male welfare support workers have a high suicide rate (23.8 per 100 000 people) which is similar to male social workers and nurses (25.4 per 100 000). After adjusting for age and year of death, both males (rate ratio 1.48, 95% CI 1.23 to 1.78) and female welfare support workers (rate ratio 1.49, 95% CI 1.20 to 1.86) have higher suicide rate ratios compared with the reference group (excluding occupations from the comparison groups). CONCLUSION The age-standardised suicide rates of male welfare support workers are comparable to occupations which have been identified as high-risk occupations for suicide. Both female and male welfare support workers are at elevated risk of suicide compared with other occupations. Further research is required to understand the drivers of the elevated risk in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humaira Maheen
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stefanie Dimov
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew J Spittal
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tania L King
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Shin H, Kim KH, Kim JS, Lee E. Adolescent Employment, Mental Health, and Suicidal Behavior: A Propensity Score Matching Approach. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17186835. [PMID: 32962115 PMCID: PMC7559461 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to confirm the relationships between part-time work experience, mental health, and suicidal behavior in adolescents. The impact of part-time work in this population is a controversial topic, perhaps because of the sociocultural background-related inconsistencies in previous results. In this cross-sectional study, which involved a secondary analysis of data from the 11th–13th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Surveys, conducted among 800 middle and high schools by the Korean government, we used propensity score matching analysis to minimize the impact of individual backgrounds on the findings concerning the relationships in question. Overall, part-time experience was significantly related to mental health problems and suicidal behavior even after eliminating background differences. Adolescents with part-time work experience had higher overall stress levels (odds ratio = 1.148; 95% confidence interval = 1.094, 1.205) than those without such experience, and more suicidal thoughts (odds ratio = 1.355; 95% confidence interval = 1.266, 1.450), suicide planning (odds ratio = 1.717; 95% confidence interval = 1.527, 1.929), and suicide attempts (odds ratio = 1.852; 95% confidence interval = 1.595, 2.151). Thus, it is important to pay increased attention to mental health and suicide-related issues in South Korean adolescents with part-time jobs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyerine Shin
- Department of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 06974, Korea; (H.S.); (J.-s.K.)
| | - Kyung hee Kim
- Department of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 06974, Korea; (H.S.); (J.-s.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-820-5670
| | - Ji-su Kim
- Department of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 06974, Korea; (H.S.); (J.-s.K.)
| | - Eunkyung Lee
- Department of Nursing, Kyung-in Women’s University, 63 Gyeyangsan-ro, Gyesan-dong, Seoul 06974, Korea;
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Amiri S, Behnezhad S. Job strain and mortality ratio: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Public Health 2020; 181:24-33. [PMID: 31927337 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2019.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Schneider A, Hampel R, Ladwig KH, Baumert J, Lukaschek K, Peters A, Breitner S. Impact of meteorological parameters on suicide mortality rates: A case-crossover analysis in Southern Germany (1990-2006). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 707:136053. [PMID: 31863976 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence for a seasonal pattern of suicides with peaks in spring and early summer; however, only a limited number of studies has investigated whether daily changes in meteorological variables may trigger suicides. METHODS Daily fatal suicide (N = 10,595) and meteorological data were available for four Bavarian cities and ten counties (Germany) for 1990-2006. City/county-specific immediate, delayed and cumulative effects of air temperature, sunshine duration, and cloud cover on suicides were analyzed using a time-stratified case-crossover approach; city/county-specific effects were then combined using random effects meta-analysis. Potential effect modifiers were specific weather conditions, personal or regional characteristics, and season. RESULTS A 5 °C increase in air temperature on the day before a suicide compared to the control days was associated with a 5.7% (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.6; 11.0) higher suicide risk. Further, the suicide risk was 6.5% (95% CI: 0.2; 13.3) higher on days with low/medium cloud cover (0-6 oktas) compared to days with high cloud cover (7-8 oktas). While daily changes in temperature were not associated with suicides in spring, we found a higher suicide risk in summer, autumn, and winter in association with temperature increases. The effects of cloud cover were strongest in summer and autumn and on days with temperature above the median (>8.8 °C). Sunshine duration was not associated with suicides. CONCLUSION We found a higher risk for suicides in association with short-term increases in air temperature on the day before the event compared to the control days and on days with low to medium cloud cover. This may highlight times when people are more likely to commit suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Schneider
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Regina Hampel
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Ladwig
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Jens Baumert
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Karoline Lukaschek
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Chair of Epidemiology, Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Susanne Breitner
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Chair of Epidemiology, Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany.
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Clapperton A, Newstead S, Frew C, Bugeja L, Pirkis J. Pathways to Suicide Among People With a Diagnosed Mental Illness in Victoria, Australia. CRISIS 2019; 41:105-113. [PMID: 31310164 DOI: 10.1027/0227-5910/a000611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background: People who have mental illness are at increased risk of suicide. Therefore, identifying "typical" trajectories to suicide in this population has the potential to improve the effectiveness of suicide prevention strategies. Aim: The aim of this study was to explore the pathways to suicide among a sample of Victorians with a diagnosed mental illness. Method: Victorian Suicide Register (VSR) data were used to generate life charts and identify typical life trajectories to suicide among 50 Victorians. Results: Two distinct pathways to suicide were identified: (1) where diagnosis of mental illness appeared to follow life events/stressors; and (2) where diagnosis appeared to precede exposure to life events/stressors. Some events acted as distal factors related to suicide, other events were more common as proximal factors, and still others appeared to act as both distal and proximal factors. Limitations: The data source might be biased because of the potential for incomplete information, or alternatively, the importance of some factors in a person's life may have been overstated. Conclusion: Strategies to reduce suicide need to consider the chronology of exposure to stressors in people's lives and clearly need to be different depending on whether proximal or distal risk factors are the target of a given strategy or intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Clapperton
- Monash University Accident Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stuart Newstead
- Monash University Accident Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Charlotte Frew
- Monash University Accident Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lyndal Bugeja
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jane Pirkis
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Kermott CA, Johnson RE, Sood R, Jenkins SM, Sood A. Is higher resilience predictive of lower stress and better mental health among corporate executives? PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218092. [PMID: 31185049 PMCID: PMC6559706 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To assess the impact of resilience, the ability to withstand and bounce back from adversity, on measures of well-being, self-reported stress, and mental health diagnoses. Methods This study was a cross-sectional survey of participants seen at an executive health practice at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, from January 2012 through September 2016. Participants completed an anonymous survey that included demographic information and 3 validated survey instruments—the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), the 12-item Linear Analogue Self-Assessment Scale (LASA), and the 14-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Self-reported history of mental health diagnoses was also collected. CD-RISC scores were used to stratify participants into lower (<30), medium (30–34), or higher (≥35) resilience categories. Participants’ LASA scores, PSS scores, and self-reported mental health diagnoses were compared among resilience categories. Results Of the 2,027 eligible participants, 1,954 met the study inclusion criteria as currently employed corporate-sponsored executive or business professionals (self-designated) who completed the CD-RISC survey. Most participants (62.5%) were aged 40 to 59 years. The majority were male (78.3%), white (95.3%), educated (86.2%), and in a committed relationship (89.7%). Among participants, 41.7% reported higher resilience, 34.3% had medium resilience, and 24.0% had lower resilience. The quality of life and overall LASA scores were positively associated with higher resilience (P < .001). PSS scores and self-reported mental health diagnoses were negatively associated with higher resilience (P < .001). These associations remained significant after adjusting for patient characteristics. Conclusions In this cross-sectional survey of a large cohort of corporative executives, the lower-resilience cohort had a 4-fold higher prevalence of depression and an almost 3-fold higher prevalence of anxiety compared with the higher-resilience cohort. High resilience was positively associated with well-being and negatively associated with perceived stress. Our findings suggest that higher resilience in the executive workplace environment is associated with better mental health, reduced stress, and greater well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy A. Kermott
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Ruth E. Johnson
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Richa Sood
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Sarah M. Jenkins
- Division of Biostatistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Amit Sood
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
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Carrasco-Farfan CA, Alvarez-Cutipa D, Vilchez-Cornejo J, Lizana-Medrano M, Durand-Anahua PA, Rengifo-Sanchez JA, Rebatta-Acuña A, Cubas WS, Arroyo-Hernandez H, Toro-Huamanchumo CJ. Alcohol consumption and suicide risk in medical internship: A Peruvian multicentric study. Drug Alcohol Rev 2019; 38:201-208. [PMID: 30681212 DOI: 10.1111/dar.12897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIM Suicide and harmful alcohol consumption are major health problems, especially in medical students. This study aimed to evaluate the association between risk for alcohol abuse and suicide risk in medical interns of Peruvian hospitals. DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted a multicentre cross-sectional study in medical interns from 18 Peruvian hospitals. We measured suicide risk, risk for alcohol abuse, depression and self-esteem using the Plutchik Suicide Risk Scale, CAGE, Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, respectively. We used χ2 and Student t-tests for descriptive analysis. To evaluate the association between risk for alcohol abuse and suicide risk we generated crude and adjusted Poisson regression models with robust variance and estimated prevalence ratios with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS We surveyed 433 medical interns. The prevalence of suicide risk and risk for alcohol abuse was 19.6% and 27.5%, respectively. We found significant differences in suicide risk according to age (P < 0.001), region of origin (P = 0.002), with whom the participant lived (P < 0.001), university of origin (P = 0.040), type of hospital (P = 0.042), family history of attempted suicide (P = 0.043), self-esteem level (P < 0.001) and alcohol consumption (P < 0.001). In the adjusted model, age (PRa: 1.11, 95% confidence interval 1.05-1.17) and risk for alcohol abuse (PRa: 7.60, 95% confidence interval 4.46-12, 96) were associated with suicide risk. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Two out of 10 medical interns had a positive screening for suicide risk. Age and especially risk for alcohol abuse were the associated variables.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Wildor S Cubas
- School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de San Martin, Tarapoto, Peru
| | | | - Carlos J Toro-Huamanchumo
- Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Unidad de Investigación para la Generación y Síntesis de Evidencias en Salud, Lima, Peru
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Younès N, Rivière M, Plancke L, Leroyer A, Blanchon T, Azevedo Da Silva M, Melchior M. Work intensity in men and work-related emotional demands in women are associated with increased suicidality among persons attending primary care. J Affect Disord 2018; 235:565-573. [PMID: 29698918 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.04.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A large proportion of persons died by suicide are employed at the time of death and work-related factors partly contribute to suicide risk. Our aim was to examine the association between multiple aspects of work organization and suicidal ideation in a study conducted in primary care. METHODS Data came from a study of 2027 working patients attending a GP representative of patients in the Nord Pas-de-Calais region in France (April-August 2014). Suicidality was assessed using the MINI (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview). Six emergent worked-related factors were explored (work intensity, emotional demands, autonomy, social relationships at work, conflict of values, insecurity of work). Several covariates were considered: patient's and GP's characteristics, and area-level data (material and social deprivation, psychiatrist and GPs' density, suicide attempts and suicide rates). RESULTS 8.0% of participants reported suicidal ideation in the preceding month (7.5% of men and 8.6% of women, p = .03). In multivariate analyses adjusted for covariates, suicidality was significantly associated with work intensity (OR = 1.65; 95%CI [1.18-2.31]) in men and with work-related emotional demands (OR = 1.35; 95%CI [1.01-1.80]) in women. Area-level data were not associated. LIMITATIONS Our cross-sectional study cannot assess the direction of the relationships under study. CONCLUSION Our results emphasise a central role for GPs in suicide prevention among workers and highlight the importance of work-related factors with regard to suicidality in primary care.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Younès
- EA 40-47 University of Versailles Saint-Quentin, Versailles, France; Academic Unit of Psychiatry for Adults, Versailles Hospital, Versailles, France.
| | - M Rivière
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'épidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP UMRS 1136), F75013 Paris, France; Department of Infectious Diseases, Centre Hospitalier Régional, Orléans, France
| | - L Plancke
- Fédération régionale de recherche en psychiatrie et santé mentale Hauts-de-France, Lille, France
| | - A Leroyer
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, EA 4483 - IMPECS - IMPact de l'Environnement Chimique sur la Santé humaine, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - T Blanchon
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'épidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP UMRS 1136), F75013 Paris, France
| | - M Azevedo Da Silva
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'épidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP UMRS 1136), F75013 Paris, France; EA 40-47 University of Versailles Saint-Quentin, Versailles, France
| | - M Melchior
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'épidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP UMRS 1136), F75013 Paris, France
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Job strain, long work hours, and suicidal ideation in US workers: a longitudinal study. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2018; 91:865-875. [DOI: 10.1007/s00420-018-1330-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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15
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Batty GD, Kivimäki M, Bell S, Gale CR, Shipley M, Whitley E, Gunnell D. Psychosocial characteristics as potential predictors of suicide in adults: an overview of the evidence with new results from prospective cohort studies. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:22. [PMID: 29353878 PMCID: PMC5802587 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-017-0072-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In this narrative overview of the evidence linking psychosocial factors with future suicide risk, we collected results from published reports of prospective studies with verified suicide events (mortality or, less commonly, hospitalisation) alongside analyses of new data. There is abundant evidence indicating that low socioeconomic position, irrespective of the economic status of the country in question, is associated with an increased risk of suicide, including the suggestion that the recent global economic recession has been responsible for an increase in suicide deaths and, by proxy, attempts. Social isolation, low scores on tests of intelligence, serious mental illness (both particularly strongly), chronic psychological distress, and lower physical stature (a marker of childhood exposures) were also consistently related to elevated suicide rates. Although there is some circumstantial evidence for psychosocial stress, personality disposition, and early-life characteristics such as bullying being risk indices for suicide, the general paucity of studies means it is not currently possible to draw clear conclusions about their role. Most suicide intervention strategies have traditionally not explored the modification of psychosocial factors, partly because evidence linking psychosocial factors with suicide risk is, as shown herein, largely in its infancy, or, where is does exist, for instance for intelligence and personality disposition, the characteristics in question do not appear to be easily malleable.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. David Batty
- 0000000121901201grid.83440.3bDepartment of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mika Kivimäki
- 0000000121901201grid.83440.3bDepartment of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Steven Bell
- 0000000121885934grid.5335.0Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Catharine R. Gale
- 0000 0004 1936 7988grid.4305.2Centre for Cognitive Ageing & Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK ,0000 0004 1936 9297grid.5491.9MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Martin Shipley
- 0000000121901201grid.83440.3bDepartment of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Elise Whitley
- 0000 0001 2193 314Xgrid.8756.cMRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - David Gunnell
- 0000 0004 1936 7603grid.5337.2School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK ,0000 0004 0380 7336grid.410421.2National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at the University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
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16
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Ortiz-Prado E, Simbaña K, Gómez L, Henriquez-Trujillo AR, Cornejo-Leon F, Vasconez E, Castillo D, Viscor G. The disease burden of suicide in Ecuador, a 15 years' geodemographic cross-sectional study (2001-2015). BMC Psychiatry 2017; 17:342. [PMID: 29017474 PMCID: PMC5634887 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-017-1502-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide affects people from different backgrounds, ethnical groups, socio-economic status and geographical locations. In Latin America, suicide reports arescarce, specially in Andean countries. In Ecuador, very few reports have partially described this phenomenon, nonetheless, estimation of the burden of disease (BoD) hasnever been reported in the country. METHODS A country-wide comparison was performed using the Ministry of Public Health's national databases of overall mortality, Hospital Discharges Database, and the Population Census of the National Institute of Census and Statistics (INEC). The study variables analyzed were age, geographical distribution to provincial level, sex, means of suicide, educational attainment, marital status and mortality. Linear Regression and relative Risk analysis were used to predict outcome and the likelihood that suicide occur among study variables. RESULTS In the last 15 years, 13,024 suicides were officially reported. Men were 3 times more likely than women to die by suicide. The overall age-adjusted suicide ratio in Ecuador corresponds to 7.1 per 100,000 per year. The sex-specific rates were 5.3 in women and 13.2 in men. The primary mean of suicide was hanging X70 (51.1%), followed by self-poisoning X68-X69 (35.2%) and firearms X72-X74 (7.6%). Provinces located at higher altitude reported higher rates than those located at sea level (9 per 100,000 vs 4.5 per 100.000). The total economic loss due to suicide was estimated to be $852.6 million during the 15 years' analysis. CONCLUSIONS This is the first geodemographic study exploring the complete burden of suicide in Ecuador and one of the very few in Latin-America. In the last 15 years of available data, Ecuador ranks above the regional average with an adjusted suicide rate of 7.1 per 100,000 inhabitants. An important finding is that Suicide affects rather younger populations, adding more than 10,000 years of premature years of life lost (YYL) between 2001 and 2015, becoming the first and fourth leading cause of death among adolescent women and men respectively. Suicide affects people from different backgrounds, socioeconomic status and educational attainment. The mean of suicide changed over time showing that gun and pesticides related deaths decreased significantly since 2001, while hanging and suffocation increased in more than 50%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Ortiz-Prado
- OneHealth Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad De Las Americas, Quito, Ecuador
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- One Health Research Group, Universidad de las Américas, Quito, Ecuador Calle de los Colimes y Avenida De los Granados, 170137 Quito, Ecuador
| | - Katherine Simbaña
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Lenin Gómez
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | | | - Eduardo Vasconez
- OneHealth Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad De Las Americas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Diana Castillo
- OneHealth Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad De Las Americas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Ginés Viscor
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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17
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Milner A, Witt K, LaMontagne AD, Niedhammer I. Psychosocial job stressors and suicidality: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Occup Environ Med 2017; 75:245-253. [PMID: 28851757 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2017-104531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Job stressors are known determinants of common mental disorders. Over the past 10 years, there has been evidence that job stressors may also be risk factors for suicidality. The current paper sought to examine this topic through the first comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature to date. METHODS We used a three-tier search strategy of seven electronic databases. Studies were included if they reported on a job stressor or job-related stress as an exposure and suicide ideation, self-harm, suicide attempt or suicide as an outcome. Two researchers independently screened articles. All extracted effect estimates were converted to log-transformed ORs. RESULTS There were 22 studies that were included in meta-analysis. Overall, exposure to job stressors was associated with elevated risk of suicide ideation and behaviours. The OR for suicide ideation (14 studies) ranged from 1.45 (95% CI 1.01 to 2.08) for poor supervisor and colleague support to 1.91 (95% CI 1.22 to 2.99) for job insecurity. For suicide (six studies), exposure to lower supervisor and collegial support produced an OR of 1.16 (95% CI 0.98 to 1.38), while low job control resulted in an OR of 1.23 (95% CI 1.00 to 1.50). There were only two studies that examined suicide attempt, both of which suggested an adverse effect of exposure to job stressors. CONCLUSIONS This study provides some evidence that job stressors may be related to suicidal outcomes. However, as most studies in the area were cross-sectional and observational in design, there is a need for longitudinal research to assess the robustness of observed associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Milner
- Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Work, Health and Wellbeing Unit, Centre for Population Health Research, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katrina Witt
- Turning Point, Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anthony D LaMontagne
- Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Work, Health and Wellbeing Unit, Centre for Population Health Research, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Isabelle Niedhammer
- INSERM, U1085, Research Institute for Environmental and Occupational Health (IRSET), Epidemiology in Occupational Health and Ergonomics (ESTER) Team, Angers, France.,Epidemiology in Occupational Health and Ergonomics (ESTER) Team, University of Angers, Angers, France
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18
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Wichmann HE. Epidemiology in Germany-general development and personal experience. Eur J Epidemiol 2017; 32:635-656. [PMID: 28815360 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-017-0290-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Did you ever hear about epidemiology in Germany? Starting from an epidemiological desert the discipline has grown remarkably, especially during the last 10-15 years: research institutes have been established, research funding has improved, multiple curriculae in Epidemiology and Public Health are offered. This increase has been quite steep, and now the epidemiological infrastructure is much better. Several medium-sized and even big population cohorts are ongoing, and the number and quality of publications from German epidemiologists has reached a respectable level. My own career in epidemiology started in the field of environmental health. After German reunification I concentrated for many years on environmental problems in East Germany and observed the health benefits after improvement of the situation. Later, I concentrated on population-based cohorts in newborns (GINI/LISA) and adults (KORA, German National Cohort), and on biobanking. This Essay describes the development in Germany after worldwar 2, illustrated by examples of research results and build-up of epidemiological infractructures worth mentioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinz-Erich Wichmann
- Institute of Epidemiology, 2, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany. .,Chair of Epidemiology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
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19
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Xiao J, Guan S, Ge H, Tao N, Zhang Y, Jiang Y, Ning L, Liu J, Lian Y. The impact of changes in work stressors and coping resources on the risk of new-onset suicide ideation among Chinese petroleum industry workers. J Psychiatr Res 2017; 88:1-8. [PMID: 28043011 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Little is known about the relationship between changing psychosocial work conditions and suicidality. We examined whether or not changed work stressors and coping resources increase the risk of new-onset suicidal ideation. METHODS A total of 1384 workers from the Occupational Health Study of Petroleum Industry Workers were included in this study. A baseline evaluation of work-related stress and coping resources was followed by a final evaluation after 2 years. The changes in task stressors and coping resources were measured using the Occupation Stress Inventory-Revised Edition, and changes in job control and organizational stressors were evaluated using the Instrument for Stress-Related Job Analysis (v. 6.0). RESULTS Increased task stressors (RR = 2.87, 95% CI = 1.48, 6.15) and decreased coping resources (RR = 2.53, 95% CI = 1.31, 5.34) were associated with an elevated risk of new-onset suicidal ideation incidence. Effect magnitudes were higher than known suicidal risk factors. The main risk factors were increased role overload, increased role insufficiency, increased accident risk, and decreased recreation. Decreased coping resources also increased the negative effect of task stressors on new-onset suicidal ideation. However, increased coping resources did not decrease the effect. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that changes in work stressors and coping resources have a strong influence on new-onset suicidal ideation, highlighting the importance of preventive measures against adverse psychosocial work conditions and reduced coping resources for workplace suicide behavior prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xiao
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Nantong University, 8 Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Suzhen Guan
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, 393 Xinyi Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Hua Ge
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, 393 Xinyi Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Ning Tao
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, 393 Xinyi Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yanxia Zhang
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, 393 Xinyi Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, 393 Xinyi Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Li Ning
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, 393 Xinyi Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jiwen Liu
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, 393 Xinyi Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yulong Lian
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Nantong University, 8 Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu, China; Division of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, 393 Xinyi Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
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20
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Glenn CR, Cha CB, Kleiman EM, Nock MK. Understanding Suicide Risk within the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) Framework: Insights, Challenges, and Future Research Considerations. Clin Psychol Sci 2017; 5:568-592. [PMID: 28670505 PMCID: PMC5487002 DOI: 10.1177/2167702616686854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Suicide is a leading cause of death worldwide. Prior research has focused primarily on sociodemographic and psychiatric risk factors with little improvement in the prediction or prevention of suicidal behavior over time. The Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) may be an especially useful framework for advancing research in this area. This paper provides a brief and broad overview of research on suicidal behavior relating to each of the RDoC domains-highlighting the RDoC construct(s) where research has focused, construct(s) where research is lacking, and suggestions for future research directions. We also discuss major challenges for suicide research within the RDoC framework, including the intersection of RDoC domains, interaction of domains with the environment, incorporation of developmental stage, integration of distal and proximal processes, and inclusion of suicide-specific constructs. We conclude by underscoring important considerations for future research aimed at using the RDoC framework to study suicidal behavior and other forms of psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine R. Glenn
- Department of Clinical and Social Sciences in Psychology, University of Rochester
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21
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Witt K, Milner A, Allisey A, Davenport L, LaMontagne AD. Effectiveness of suicide prevention programs for emergency and protective services employees: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Ind Med 2017; 60:394-407. [PMID: 28262959 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This brief report summarizes the international literature on the effectiveness of suicide prevention programs for protective and emergency services employees. METHODS A systematic search of 11 electronic databases was undertaken until June 30, 2015. Quantitative meta-analysis was undertaken to investigate the effectiveness of these programs on suicide rates at post-intervention. Qualitative analyses were also used to identify program components that may be associated with reductions in suicide rates. RESULTS A total of 13 studies were included. Only six reported sufficient information on suicide rates to enable inclusion in quantitative analyses, however. On average, these programs were associated with an approximate halving in suicide rates over an average follow-up period of 5.25 years (SD = 4.2; range: 1-11) (Incidence Rate Ratio 0.45, 95%CI 0.31-0.65; five studies; I2 14.8%). Few programs integrated activities at the primary prevention level. CONCLUSION A greater focus on the relatively neglected area of workplace primary prevention could further improve suicide prevention effectiveness. Am. J. Ind. Med. 60:394-407, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Witt
- Centre for Population Health Research, School of Health and Social Development; Deakin University; Burwood Victoria Australia
| | - Allison Milner
- Centre for Population Health Research, School of Health and Social Development; Deakin University; Burwood Victoria Australia
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health; University of Melbourne; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Amanda Allisey
- Centre for Population Health Research, School of Health and Social Development; Deakin University; Burwood Victoria Australia
- Faculty of Business and Law; Deakin University; Burwood Victoria Australia
| | - Lauren Davenport
- Centre for Population Health Research, School of Health and Social Development; Deakin University; Burwood Victoria Australia
| | - Anthony D. LaMontagne
- Centre for Population Health Research, School of Health and Social Development; Deakin University; Burwood Victoria Australia
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health; University of Melbourne; Melbourne Victoria Australia
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22
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Response to Risk Factors for Suicide Ideation in the Workplace. J Occup Environ Med 2016; 58:e367. [PMID: 27820774 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000000863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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Loerbroks A, Cho SI, Dollard MF, Zou J, Fischer JE, Jiang Y, Angerer P, Herr RM, Li J. Associations between work stress and suicidal ideation: Individual-participant data from six cross-sectional studies. J Psychosom Res 2016; 90:62-69. [PMID: 27772561 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Epidemiological evidence suggests that work stress is associated with suicidal ideation (SI). However, only few studies in this area have drawn on well-established theoretical work stress models (i.e., the job-demand-control [JDC] model, the effort-reward-imbalance [ERI] model, and the model of organizational injustice [OJ]). Utilization of such models allows though for theory-based assessments and workplace interventions. Since evidence on those models' relationship with suicide-related outcomes is currently inconclusive (with regard to JDC), markedly sparse (OJ) or lacking (ERI), we aimed to provide additional or initial evidence. METHODS We drew on original data from six cross-sectional studies, which were conducted in four countries (i.e., South Korea, China, Australia, and Germany). Work stress was measured by established questionnaires and was categorized into tertiles. In each study, SI was assessed by either one or two items taken from validated scales. Associations of work stress with SI were estimated for each study and were pooled across studies using multivariate random-effects logistic modeling. RESULTS In the pooled analyses (n=12,422) all three work stress models were significantly associated with SI with odds ratios fluctuating around 2. For instance, the pooled odds ratios for highest versus lowest work stress exposure in terms of job strain, OJ, and ERI equalled 1.91 (95% confidence interval [CI]=1.52, 2.41), 1.98 (95% CI=1.48, 2.65), and 2.77 (95% CI=1.57, 4.88), respectively. Patterns of associations were largely consistent across the individual studies. CONCLUSION Our study provides robust evidence of a positive association between work stress and SI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Loerbroks
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Sung-Il Cho
- Graduate School of Public Health and Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Maureen F Dollard
- Asia Pacific Centre for Work Health and Safety, School of Psychology, Social Work and Social Policy, University of South Australia, Magill Campus, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jianfang Zou
- Shandong Academy for Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Joachim E Fischer
- Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Yueying Jiang
- School of Nursing, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Peter Angerer
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Raphael M Herr
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jian Li
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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24
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Risk Factors for Suicide Ideation in the Workplace. J Occup Environ Med 2016; 58:e366. [DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000000862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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LaMontagne AD, Milner A. Working conditions as modifiable risk factors for suicidal thoughts and behaviours. Occup Environ Med 2016; 74:4-5. [PMID: 27919064 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2016-104036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony D LaMontagne
- Centre for Population Health Research, School of Health & Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Allison Milner
- Centre for Population Health Research, School of Health & Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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26
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Kawada T. Risk of suicidal mortality among multiple attempters. J Formos Med Assoc 2016; 115:589. [PMID: 26712473 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2015.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Kawada
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.
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Brüdern J, Berger T, Caspar F, Maillart AG, Michel K. The Role of Self-Organization in the Suicidal Process. Psychol Rep 2016; 118:668-85. [PMID: 27154385 DOI: 10.1177/0033294116633351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This article describes the application of a dual-regulation model to a case example of a female suicide attempter. The model complements the traditional goal-and-feedback view with self-organizing processes, which may help to better understand the suicidal process. From this view, impulsive suicidal behavior can be interpreted as a dysfunctional pattern by which high-internal tension is reduced through self-organized processes. High tension might result from intrapersonal factors and adverse life conditions, by which self-regulation is depleted. Also concepts from social psychology (i.e., ego depletion, self-regulation failure) are consistent with this view and are discussed in context of a suicidal crisis. Identifying dysfunctional self-organization processes and acquiring strategies to strengthen self-regulation might, therefore, be important for suicide prevention.
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Milner A, Niedhammer I, Chastang JF, Spittal MJ, LaMontagne AD. Validity of a Job-Exposure Matrix for Psychosocial Job Stressors: Results from the Household Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152980. [PMID: 27049527 PMCID: PMC4822951 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction A Job Exposure Matrix (JEM) for psychosocial job stressors allows assessment of these exposures at a population level. JEMs are particularly useful in situations when information on psychosocial job stressors were not collected individually and can help eliminate the biases that may be present in individual self-report accounts. This research paper describes the development of a JEM in the Australian context. Methods The Household Income Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey was used to construct a JEM for job control, job demands and complexity, job insecurity, and fairness of pay. Population median values of these variables for all employed people (n = 20,428) were used to define individual exposures across the period 2001 to 2012. The JEM was calculated for the Australian and New Zealand Standard Classification of Occupations (ANZSCO) at the four-digit level, which represents 358 occupations. Both continuous and binary exposures to job stressors were calculated at the 4-digit level. We assessed concordance between the JEM-assigned and individually-reported exposures using the Kappa statistic, sensitivity and specificity assessments. We conducted regression analysis using mental health as an outcome measure. Results Kappa statistics indicate good agreement between individually-reported and JEM-assigned dichotomous measures for job demands and control, and moderate agreement for job insecurity and fairness of pay. Job control, job demands and security had the highest sensitivity, while specificity was relatively high for the four exposures. Regression analysis shows that most individually reported and JEM measures were significantly associated with mental health, and individually-reported exposures produced much stronger effects on mental health than the JEM-assigned exposures. Discussion These JEM-based estimates of stressors exposure provide a conservative proxy for individual-level data, and can be applied to a range of health and organisational outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Milner
- Work, Health, & Wellbeing Unit, Population Health Strategic Research Centre, School of Health & Social Development, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - I. Niedhammer
- INSERM, UMR_S 1136, Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of social epidemiology, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1136, Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of social epidemiology, Paris, France
| | - J.-F. Chastang
- INSERM, UMR_S 1136, Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of social epidemiology, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1136, Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of social epidemiology, Paris, France
| | - M. J. Spittal
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - A. D. LaMontagne
- Work, Health, & Wellbeing Unit, Population Health Strategic Research Centre, School of Health & Social Development, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- * E-mail:
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