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Burton TC, Lv N, Tsai P, Peñalver Bernabé B, Tussing-Humphreys L, Xiao L, Pandey GN, Wu Y, Ajilore OA, Ma J. Associations between fecal short-chain fatty acids, plasma inflammatory cytokines, and dietary markers with depression and anxiety: Post hoc analysis of the ENGAGE-2 pilot trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 117:717-730. [PMID: 36796440 PMCID: PMC10273083 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The microbiome-gut-brain-axis (MGBA) is emerging as an important mechanistic link between diet and mental health. The role of significant modifiers of the MGBA, including gut microbial metabolites and systemic inflammation, in individuals comorbid with obesity and mental disorders, is under-investigated. OBJECTIVES This exploratory analysis examined associations among microbial metabolites-fecal SCFAs, plasma inflammatory cytokines, and diet with depression and anxiety scores in adults comorbid with obesity and depression. METHODS Stool and blood were obtained from a subsample (n = 34) of participants enrolled in an integrated behavioral intervention for weight loss and depression. Pearson partial correlation and multivariate analyses determined associations among changes in fecal SCFAs (propionic, butyric, acetic, and isovaleric acids), plasma cytokines [C-reactive protein, interleukin 1 beta, interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), interleukin 6, and TNF-α], and 35 dietary markers over 2 mo, and changes in SCL-20 (Depression Symptom Checklist 20-item) and GAD-7 (Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item) scores over 6 mo. RESULTS Changes in the SCFAs and TNF-α at 2 mo were positively associated (standardized coefficients: 0.06-0.40; 0.03-0.34) with changes in depression and anxiety scores at 6 mo, whereas changes in IL-1RA at 2 mo were inversely associated (standardized coefficients: -0.24; -0.05). After 2 mo, changes in 12 dietary markers, including animal protein, were associated with changes in SCFAs, TNF-α, or IL-1RA at 2 mo (standardized coefficients: -0.27 to 0.20). Changes in 11 dietary markers, including animal protein, at 2 mo were associated with changes in depression or anxiety symptom scores at 6 mo (standardized coefficients: -0.24 to 0.20; -0.16 to 0.15). CONCLUSIONS Gut microbial metabolites and systemic inflammation may be biomarkers of importance within the MGBA, linking dietary markers, such as animal protein intake, to depression and anxiety for individuals with comorbid obesity. These findings are exploratory and warrant replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristesse Cj Burton
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Nan Lv
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Perry Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Beatriz Peñalver Bernabé
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Lisa Tussing-Humphreys
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Lan Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Ghanshyam N Pandey
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Yichao Wu
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of Illinois Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Olusola A Ajilore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.
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Finlay S, Rudd D, McDermott B, Sarnyai Z. Allostatic load and systemic comorbidities in psychiatric disorders. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2022; 140:105726. [PMID: 35339811 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders are complex, disabling, and chronic conditions that are often accompanied by one or more systemic medical comorbidities. In this narrative review, we provide an overview of the allostatic load concept, which represents a multi-system dysregulation in response to chronic stress and link it to systemic comorbidities associated with psychiatric disorders. We synthesized published literature gathered using Medline (Ovid), Scopus, and PsychInfo and identified a high frequency of systemic comorbidities for both mood and psychotic disorders. The identified cardiovascular, metabolic, and immune comorbidities may represent the result of chronic wear and tear caused by a complex interaction between chronic psychosocial stress, health risk behaviors, pharmacological stressors, and the biological systems involved in the development of allostatic load. These findings support the notion that psychiatric disorders should be re-conceptualized as systemic disorders, affecting the brain and systemic biological pathways in an interconnected fashion to result in systemic comorbidities. We suggest that the multi-systemic and multi-dimensional approach that drives the allostatic load concept should be considered for understanding comorbidities in vulnerable psychiatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Finlay
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia; Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia; College of Public Health, Medical & Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Queensland, Australia
| | - Donna Rudd
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia; Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia; College of Public Health, Medical & Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Queensland, Australia
| | - Brett McDermott
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Zoltán Sarnyai
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia; Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia; College of Public Health, Medical & Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Queensland, Australia.
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3
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Yama K, Shinbo H, Fujikane Y, Mikami C, Machida M, Miura J. The Concentration of 8-Hydroxy-2′-Deoxyguanosine in Plasma During the Menstrual Cycle in Young Japanese Women. WOMEN'S HEALTH REPORTS 2022; 3:267-273. [PMID: 35262065 PMCID: PMC8896225 DOI: 10.1089/whr.2021.0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Yama
- Department of Pharmacy, Hokkaido University of Science, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Honoka Shinbo
- Department of Pharmacy, Hokkaido University of Science, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuka Fujikane
- Department of Pharmacy, Hokkaido University of Science, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Chiaki Mikami
- Department of Pharmacy, Hokkaido University of Science, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Maiko Machida
- Department of Pharmacy, Hokkaido University of Science, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jun Miura
- Department of Pharmacy, Hokkaido University of Science, Sapporo, Japan
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Monteiro S, Nejad YS, Aucoin M. Perinatal diet and offspring anxiety: A scoping review. Transl Neurosci 2022; 13:275-290. [PMID: 36128579 PMCID: PMC9449687 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2022-0242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Health behaviors during pregnancy have an impact on the developing offspring. Dietary factors play a role in the development of mental illness: however, less is known about the impact of diet factors during pre-conception, gestation, and lactation on anxiety levels in offspring. This scoping review sought to systematically map the available research involving human and animal subjects to identify nutritional interventions which may have a harmful or protective effect, as well as identify gaps. Studies investigating an association between any perinatal diet pattern or diet constituent and offspring anxiety were included. The number of studies reporting an association with increased or decreased levels of anxiety were counted and presented in figures. A total of 55,914 results were identified as part of a larger scoping review, and 120 articles met the criteria for inclusion. A greater intake of phytochemicals and vitamins were associated with decreased offspring anxiety whereas maternal caloric restriction, protein restriction, reduced omega-3 consumption, and exposure to a high fat diet were associated with higher levels of offspring anxiety. Results were limited by a very large proportion of animal studies. High quality intervention studies involving human subjects are warranted to elucidate the precise dietary factors or constituents that modulate the risk of anxiety in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasha Monteiro
- Department of Research and Clinical Epidemiology, Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine, 1255 Sheppard Ave E, Toronto, ON, M2K 1E2, Canada
| | - Yousef Sadat Nejad
- Department of Research and Clinical Epidemiology, Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine, 1255 Sheppard Ave E, Toronto, ON, M2K 1E2, Canada
| | - Monique Aucoin
- Department of Research and Clinical Epidemiology, Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine, 1255 Sheppard Ave E, Toronto, ON, M2K 1E2, Canada
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Martínez de Toda I, Ceprián N, Díaz-Del Cerro E, De la Fuente M. The Role of Immune Cells in Oxi-Inflamm-Aging. Cells 2021; 10:2974. [PMID: 34831197 PMCID: PMC8616159 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is the result of the deterioration of the homeostatic systems (nervous, endocrine, and immune systems), which preserve the organism's health. We propose that the age-related impairment of these systems is due to the establishment of a chronic oxidative stress situation that leads to low-grade chronic inflammation throughout the immune system's activity. It is known that the immune system weakens with age, which increases morbidity and mortality. In this context, we describe how the function of immune cells can be used as an indicator of the rate of aging of an individual. In addition to this passive role as a marker, we describe how the immune system can work as a driver of aging by amplifying the oxidative-inflammatory stress associated with aging (oxi-inflamm-aging) and inducing senescence in far tissue cells. Further supporting our theory, we discuss how certain lifestyle conditions (such as social environment, nutrition, or exercise) can have an impact on longevity by affecting the oxidative and inflammatory state of immune cells, regulating immunosenescence and its contribution to oxi-inflamm-aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Martínez de Toda
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (N.C.); (E.D.-D.C.); (M.D.l.F.)
- Institute of Investigation 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Noemi Ceprián
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (N.C.); (E.D.-D.C.); (M.D.l.F.)
- Institute of Investigation 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Estefanía Díaz-Del Cerro
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (N.C.); (E.D.-D.C.); (M.D.l.F.)
- Institute of Investigation 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica De la Fuente
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (N.C.); (E.D.-D.C.); (M.D.l.F.)
- Institute of Investigation 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
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Pinna A, Colasanti A. The Neurometabolic Basis of Mood Instability: The Parvalbumin Interneuron Link-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:689473. [PMID: 34616292 PMCID: PMC8488267 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.689473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurobiological bases of mood instability are poorly understood. Neuronal network alterations and neurometabolic abnormalities have been implicated in the pathophysiology of mood and anxiety conditions associated with mood instability and hence are candidate mechanisms underlying its neurobiology. Fast-spiking parvalbumin GABAergic interneurons modulate the activity of principal excitatory neurons through their inhibitory action determining precise neuronal excitation balance. These interneurons are directly involved in generating neuronal networks activities responsible for sustaining higher cerebral functions and are especially vulnerable to metabolic stress associated with deficiency of energy substrates or mitochondrial dysfunction. Parvalbumin interneurons are therefore candidate key players involved in mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of brain disorders associated with both neuronal networks' dysfunction and brain metabolism dysregulation. To provide empirical support to this hypothesis, we hereby report meta-analytical evidence of parvalbumin interneurons loss or dysfunction in the brain of patients with Bipolar Affective Disorder (BPAD), a condition primarily characterized by mood instability for which the pathophysiological role of mitochondrial dysfunction has recently emerged as critically important. We then present a comprehensive review of evidence from the literature illustrating the bidirectional relationship between deficiency in mitochondrial-dependent energy production and parvalbumin interneuron abnormalities. We propose a mechanistic explanation of how alterations in neuronal excitability, resulting from parvalbumin interneurons loss or dysfunction, might manifest clinically as mood instability, a poorly understood clinical phenotype typical of the most severe forms of affective disorders. The evidence we report provides insights on the broader therapeutic potential of pharmacologically targeting parvalbumin interneurons in psychiatric and neurological conditions characterized by both neurometabolic and neuroexcitability abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonello Pinna
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom.,Department of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandro Colasanti
- Department of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
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7
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MacKinnon MJ, Berkowitz BA, Shih YYI. Superoxide free radical spin-lattice relaxivity: A quench-assisted MR study. Magn Reson Med 2021; 86:1058-1066. [PMID: 33755248 PMCID: PMC8113059 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE QuEnch-assiSTed (QUEST) MRI provides a unique biomarker of excessive production of paramagnetic free radicals (oxidative stress) in vivo. The contribution from superoxide, a common upstream species found in oxidative stress-based disease, to the QUEST metric is unclear. Here, we begin to address this question by measuring superoxide spin-lattice relaxivity (r1) in phantoms. METHODS Stable superoxide free radicals were generated in water phantoms of potassium superoxide ( KO 2 ) . To measure r1, 1/T1 of different concentration solutions of KO2 in the presence and absence of the antioxidant superoxide dismutase were measured. The 1/T1 confounding factors including acquisition sequence, pH, and water source were also evaluated. RESULTS The T1 -weighted signal intensity increased with KO2 concentration. No contribution from pH, or reaction products other than superoxide, noted on 1/T1 . Superoxide r1 was measured to be 0.29 mM-1 s-1 , in agreement with that reported for paramagnetic molecular oxygen and nitroxide free radicals. CONCLUSION Our first-in-kind measurement of superoxide free radical r1 suggests a detection sensitivity of QUEST MRI on the order of tens of μM, within the reported level of free radical production during oxidative stress in vivo. Similar studies for other common free radicals are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J MacKinnon
- Center for Animal MRI, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Bruce A Berkowitz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Yen-Yu Ian Shih
- Center for Animal MRI, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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8
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Chataigner M, Mortessagne P, Lucas C, Pallet V, Layé S, Mehaignerie A, Bouvret E, Dinel AL, Joffre C. Dietary fish hydrolysate supplementation containing n-3 LC-PUFAs and peptides prevents short-term memory and stress response deficits in aged mice. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 91:716-730. [PMID: 32976934 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain aging is characterized by a decline in cognitive functions, which can lead to the development of neurodegenerative pathologies. Age-related spatial learning and memory deficits are associated with a chronic low-grade inflammation. Anxiety disorders and stress response alterations, occurring for a part of the elderly, have also been linked to an increased neuroinflammation and thus, an accelerated cognitive decline. Nutrition is an innovative strategy to prevent age-related cognitive impairments. Among the nutrients, n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) and low molecular weight peptides from proteins, especially those from marine resources, are good candidates for their immunomodulatory, anxiolytic and neuroprotective properties. The aim of this study is to determine the combined effect of n-3 LC-PUFAs and low molecular weight peptides on cognitive functions, and their mechanism of action. We are the first to show that a dietary supplementation with a fish hydrolysate containing n-3 LC-PUFAs and low molecular weight peptides prevented the age-related spatial short-term memory deficits and modulated navigation strategies adopted during spatial learning. In addition, the fish hydrolysate displayed anxiolytic activities with the reduction of anxiety-like behaviour in aged mice, restored the plasmatic corticosterone levels similar to adult animals following an acute stress and modulated the hypothalamic stress response. These effects on behaviour can be explained by the immunomodulatory and neuroprotective properties of the fish hydrolysate that limited microgliosis in vivo, decreased LPS-induced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and increased the expression of growth factors such as BDNF and NGF in vitro. Thus, n-3 LC-PUFAs and low molecular weight peptides contained in the fish hydrolysate can play an important role in the limitation of neuroinflammation and stress response alterations during aging and represent a potential strategy for the prevention of age-related cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chataigner
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Abyss Ingredients, 56850 Caudan, France
| | - P Mortessagne
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - C Lucas
- NutriBrain Research and Technology Transfer, NutriNeuro, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - V Pallet
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - S Layé
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | | | - E Bouvret
- Abyss Ingredients, 56850 Caudan, France
| | - A L Dinel
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France; NutriBrain Research and Technology Transfer, NutriNeuro, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - C Joffre
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France.
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da Silva MG, Daros GC, de Bitencourt RM. Anti-inflammatory activity of ayahuasca: therapeutical implications in neurological and psychiatric diseases. Behav Brain Res 2020; 400:113003. [PMID: 33166569 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.113003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Ayahuasca is a decoction with psychoactive properties, used for millennia for therapeutic and religious purposes by indigenous groups and the population of amazonian countries. As described in this narrative review, it is essentially constituted by β-carbolines and tryptamines, and it has therapeutic effects on behavioral disorders due to the inhibition of the monoamine oxidase enzyme and the activation of 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors, demonstrated through preclinical and clinical studies. It was recently observed that the pharmacological response presented by ayahuasca is linked to its anti-inflammatory action, attributed mainly to dimethyltryptamines (N, N-dimethyltryptamine and 5-methoxy-N, N-dimethyltryptamine), which act as endogenous systemic regulators of inflammation and immune homeostasis, also through sigma-1 receptors. Therefore, since neuroinflammation is among the main pathophysiological mechanisms related to the development of neurological and psychiatric diseases, we suggest, based on the available evidence, that ayahuasca is a promising and very safe therapeutic strategy since extremely high doses are required to reach toxicity. However, even so, additional studies are needed to confirm such evidence, as well as the complete elucidation of the mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Goulart da Silva
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina, Av. José Acácio Moreira, 787, Dehon, 88704-900, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Guilherme Cabreira Daros
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina, Av. José Acácio Moreira, 787, Dehon, 88704-900, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Rafael Mariano de Bitencourt
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina, Av. José Acácio Moreira, 787, Dehon, 88704-900, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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Duarte-Silva E, Filho AJMC, Barichello T, Quevedo J, Macedo D, Peixoto C. Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors: Shedding new light on the darkness of depression? J Affect Disord 2020; 264:138-149. [PMID: 32056743 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.11.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (PDE5Is) are used to treat erectile dysfunction (ED). Recently, the antidepressant-like effect of PDE5Is was demonstrated in animal models of depression. In clinical settings, PDE5Is were studied only for ED associated depression. Hence, there are no studies evaluating the effects of PDE5Is for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) without ED. In this review article, we aimed to discuss the use of PDE5Is in the context of MDD, highlighting the roles of PDE genes in the development of MDD, the potential mechanisms by which PDE5Is can be beneficial for MDD and the potentials and limitations of PDE5Is repurposing to treat MDD. METHODS We used PubMed (MEDLINE) database to collect the studies cited in this review. Papers written in English language regardless the year of publication were selected. RESULTS A few preclinical studies support the antidepressant-like activity of PDE5Is. Clinical studies in men with ED and depression suggest that PDE5Is improve depressive symptoms. No clinical studies were conducted in subjects suffering from depression without ED. Antidepressant effect of PDE5Is may be explained by multiple mechanisms including inhibition of brain inflammation and modulation of neuroplasticity. LIMITATIONS The low number of preclinical and absence of clinical studies to support the antidepressant effect of PDE5Is. CONCLUSIONS No clinical trial was conducted to date evaluating PDE5Is in depressed patients without ED. PDE5Is' anti-inflammatory and neuroplasticity mechanisms may justify the potential antidepressant effect of these drugs. Despite this, clinical trials evaluating their efficacy in depressed patients need to be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Duarte-Silva
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ-PE), Recife, PE, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biosciences and Biotechnology for Health (PPGBBS), Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - Adriano José Maia Chaves Filho
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Barichello
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1941 East Road, Houston, TX 77054, United States; Laboratory of Neurosciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina-UNESC, Criciúma, SC, Brazil; Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States.
| | - João Quevedo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1941 East Road, Houston, TX 77054, United States; Laboratory of Neurosciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina-UNESC, Criciúma, SC, Brazil; Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States.
| | - Danielle Macedo
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM, CNPq), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Christina Peixoto
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ-PE), Recife, PE, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Psychobiotics Regulate the Anxiety Symptoms in Carriers of Allele A of IL-1 β Gene: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:2346126. [PMID: 32377159 PMCID: PMC7199572 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2346126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Probiotic oral intake, via modulation of the microbiota-gut-brain axis, can impact brain activity, mood, and behavior; therefore, it may be beneficial against psychological distress and anxiety disorders. Inflammatory cytokines can influence the onset and progression of several neurodegenerative mood disorders, and the IL-1β rs16944 SNP is related to high cytokine levels and potentially affects mood disorders. The aim of this study was to examine the combined effect of IL-1β polymorphism and probiotic administration in mood disorder phenotypes in the Italian population. Methods 150 subjects were randomized into two different groups, probiotic oral suspension group (POSG) and placebo control group (PCG), and received the relative treatment for 12 weeks. Psychological profile assessment by Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), Body Uneasiness Test (BUT), and Symptom Checklist 90-Revised (SCL90R) was administered to all volunteers. Genotyping was performed on DNA extracted from salivary samples. Results After 12 weeks of intervention, a significant reduction of HAM-A total score was detected in the POSG (p < 0.01), compared to the PCG. Furthermore, IL-1β carriers have moderate risk to develop anxiety (OR = 5.90), and in POSG IL-1β carriers, we observed a reduction of HAM-A score (p = 0.02). Conclusions Consumption of probiotics mitigates anxiety symptoms, especially in healthy adults with the minor A allele of rs16944 as a risk factor. Our results encourage the use of probiotics in anxiety disorders and suggest genetic association studies for psychobiotic-personalized therapy.
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Vitamin D Supplementation for Premenstrual Syndrome-Related inflammation and antioxidant markers in students with vitamin D deficient: a randomized clinical trial. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14939. [PMID: 31624297 PMCID: PMC6797739 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51498-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a common disorder in the reproductive age that negatively significant impacts on women’s quality of life. This randomized clinical trial study was undertaken to investigate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on inflammatory and antioxidant markers in 44 vitamin D deficient (25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL) students with PMS. Participants received either 50,000 IU vitamin D3 or a placebo pearl fortnightly for 4 months. At the baseline and in the last 2 months of intervention, participants were asked to complete the PMS Daily Symptoms Rating form along with taking the pearls and their blood samples were collected to assess serum levels of 25(OH)D3, Interleukin10 and 12 (IL-10, IL-12) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). In vitamin D group, serum levels of IL-10 and IL-12 significantly decreased while TAC significantly increased post-intervention. There were significant differences regarding serum IL-12 and TAC levels between the two groups. Mean score of the total PMS symptoms showed significant improvement in 25(OH)D. Vitamin D supplementation seems to be an effective strategy to improve inflammation and antioxidant markers in vitamin D deficient women with PMS. This clinical trial was registered at Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials on 20/06/2018 (IRCT20180525039822N1).
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Martínez de Toda I, Miguélez L, Siboni L, Vida C, De la Fuente M. High perceived stress in women is linked to oxidation, inflammation and immunosenescence. Biogerontology 2019; 20:823-835. [PMID: 31396798 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-019-09829-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Chronic stress situations lead to an impairment of immune response and higher oxidative and inflammatory stress, which are important underlying mechanisms of the ageing process. However, given that the physiological stress response depends on the subjective appraisal of a given stressor, the aim of the study was to investigate the effect that different degrees of perceived stress have, regardless of their type, on immune functions, oxidative and inflammatory stress and ageing rate of women (30-50 years old). For that purpose, a group of 49 women was classified, according to their scores obtained in the perceived stress scale (PSS), into low (n = 23), moderate (n = 14) and high (n = 12) degree of perceived stress. The immune functions studied were: neutrophil and lymphocyte chemotaxis, neutrophil phagocytic capacity, natural killer activity, lymphoproliferation and LPS-stimulated cytokine release. Basal cytokine release was studied as an inflammatory stress marker. Antioxidant (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and reductase activities, and reduced glutathione) and oxidant compounds (oxidized glutathione and malondialdehyde) were also investigated in whole blood as markers of oxidative stress. The results show that, in general, women with a moderate or high degree of perceived stress have a worse immune functionality and higher oxidative and inflammatory stress compared to women with low stress perception. In addition, a positive correlation was found between PSS scores and the biological age of each woman (P ≤ 0.001). In conclusion, high levels of perceived stress in women are associated with a higher oxidative and inflammatory stress and immunosenescence, which seem to accelerate their ageing rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Martínez de Toda
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, José Antonio Nováis 12, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research Hospital 12 Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lara Miguélez
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, José Antonio Nováis 12, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - León Siboni
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, José Antonio Nováis 12, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Vida
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, José Antonio Nováis 12, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research Hospital 12 Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica De la Fuente
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, José Antonio Nováis 12, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
- Institute of Biomedical Research Hospital 12 Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain.
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14
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Psychological Disorders and Quality of Life Among Patients With Chronic Viral Hepatitis: A Single-Center Cross-Sectional Study With Pair-Matched Healthy Controls. Gastroenterol Nurs 2018; 41:206-218. [PMID: 29847395 DOI: 10.1097/sga.0000000000000339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research evidence has shown that patients with chronic viral hepatitis develop symptoms of anxiety and/or depression, which has a strong impact on their health-related quality of life. This study aimed to assess the levels of anxiety, depression, and health-related quality of life among patients with chronic hepatitis B or C in Greece. It was a cross-sectional study among 111 patients with chronic viral hepatitis, evaluated at a tertiary General Hospital of Athens from March to September of 2014. Anxiety, depression, and health-related quality of life were assessed by the use of specially designed questionnaires. For the comparison between patients' population and general population, a pair-matched population of 111 healthy participants was recruited. Mean age of patients was 44.85 years (SD = 14.4). Fifty-nine patients were infected by hepatitis B virus and 52 by hepatitis C virus. Levels of anxiety and depression were higher among patients than among controls and the overall health-related quality of life was poorer (p < .001). Female gender and liver parenchyma damage were associated with higher levels of anxiety (p < .05). Certain demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical-serological factors were related with higher levels of depression. Poorer health-related quality of life was reported by patients with liver cirrhosis and alanine aminotransferase of 40 IU/L or more. Patients with chronic viral hepatitis demonstrate psychological and physical impairment, especially those with advance liver disease and/or active viral activity.
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15
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Santos P, Herrmann AP, Elisabetsky E, Piato A. Anxiolytic properties of compounds that counteract oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and glutamatergic dysfunction: a review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 41:168-178. [PMID: 30328963 PMCID: PMC6781690 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2018-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Anxiety disorders are highly prevalent and the efficacy of the available anxiolytic drugs is less than desired. Adverse effects also compromise patient quality of life and adherence to treatment. Accumulating evidence shows that the pathophysiology of anxiety and related disorders is multifactorial, involving oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and glutamatergic dysfunction. The aim of this review was to evaluate data from animal studies and clinical trials showing the anxiolytic effects of agents whose mechanisms of action target these multiple domains. Methods: The PubMed database was searched for multitarget agents that had been evaluated in animal models of anxiety, as well as randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trials of anxiety and/or anxiety related disorders. Results: The main multitarget agents that have shown consistent anxiolytic effects in various animal models of anxiety, as well in clinical trials, are agomelatine, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), and omega-3 fatty acids. Data from clinical trials are preliminary at best, but reveal good safety profiles and tolerance to adverse effects. Conclusion: Agomelatine, NAC and omega-3 fatty acids show beneficial effects in clinical conditions where mainstream treatments are ineffective. These three multitarget agents are considered promising candidates for innovative, effective, and better-tolerated anxiolytics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana P Herrmann
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Elaine Elisabetsky
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Angelo Piato
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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16
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Fan F, Zou Y, Zhang Y, Ma X, Zhang J, Liu C, Li J, Pei M, Jiang Y, Dart AM. The relationship between maternal anxiety and cortisol during pregnancy and birth weight of chinese neonates. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2018; 18:265. [PMID: 29945557 PMCID: PMC6020336 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-018-1798-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To determine the relationship between maternal anxiety and cortisol values and birth weight at various stages of pregnancy. METHODS Two hundred sixteen pregnant Chinese women were assessed for anxiety and depression and had measurement of morning fasting serum cortisol. Women were assessed either in the first (71), second (72) or third (73) trimester. Birth weights of all children were recorded. RESULTS There were significant negative correlations between anxiety level and birth weight of - 0.507 (p < 0.01) and - 0.275 (p < 0.05) in trimesters 1and 2. In trimester 3 the negative relation between anxiety and birth weight of -.209 failed to reach significance (p = 0.070). There was no relation between depression and birth weight in any trimester (p > 0.5 for all). Maternal cortisol was significantly inversely related to birth weight in trimester 1 (r = - 0.322) and with borderline significance in trimester 2 (r = - 0.229). Anxiety score and maternal cortisol were significantly correlated in each trimester (r = 0.551, 0.650, 0.537). When both anxiety score and maternal cortisol were simultaneously included in multiple regression analyses only anxiety score remained significant. CONCLUSION Whilst both maternal anxiety score and maternal cortisol are inversely related to birth weight the associations with anxiety score were more robust perhaps indicating the importance of mechanisms other than, or in addition to, maternal cortisol in mediating the effects of anxiety. The findings indicate the importance of measures to reduce maternal anxiety, particularly of a severe degree, at all stages of pregnancy. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the 1st Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenling Fan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710061 China
| | - Yuliang Zou
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710061 China
| | - Yushun Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710061 China
| | - Xiancang Ma
- Department of Psychology and Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710061 China
| | - Junbo Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710061 China
| | - Cai Liu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710061 China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710061 China
| | - Meili Pei
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710061 China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710061 China
| | - Anthony M. Dart
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Alfred, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Vic 3004 Australia
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The effect of mindfulness meditation training on biological acute stress responses in generalized anxiety disorder. Psychiatry Res 2018; 262:328-332. [PMID: 28131433 PMCID: PMC5526744 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Mindfulness-Based interventions have increased in popularity in psychiatry, but the impact of these treatments on disorder-relevant biomarkers would greatly enhance efficacy and mechanistic evidence. If Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is successfully treated, relevant biomarkers should change, supporting the impact of treatment and suggesting improved resilience to stress. Seventy adults with GAD were randomized to receive either Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) or an attention control class; before and after, they underwent the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST). Area-Under-the-Curve (AUC) concentrations were calculated for adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and pro-inflammatory cytokines. MBSR participants had a significantly greater reduction in ACTH AUC compared to control participants. Similarly, the MBSR group had a greater reduction in inflammatory cytokines' AUC concentrations. We found larger reductions in stress markers for patients with GAD in the MBSR class compared to control; this provides the first combined hormonal and immunological evidence that MBSR may enhance resilience to stress.
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18
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Neurotrophins and neuroinflammation in fetuses exposed to maternal depression and anxiety disorders during pregnancy: a comparative study on cord blood. Arch Womens Ment Health 2018; 21:105-111. [PMID: 28884439 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-017-0774-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, there have been changes in the approach to maternal psychiatric disorders and their effects on the fetus, with the focus redirected to the search for biological markers. Neurotrophic factors and inflammatory processes have received particular attention in the past few years. According to the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV), the study sample (n = 136) consisted of three groups: mothers with major depressive disorder (MDD group, n = 25), mothers with anxiety disorder (AD group, n = 18), and mothers without any psychiatric disorders (not diagnosed (ND) group, n = 93). During the delivery/cesarean section, a blood sample was obtained from the umbilical cord. Serum concentrations of BDNF, NT-3, FGF2, TNF-α, and neopterin were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), according to the manufacturer's procedure. Clinical and biochemical characteristics were assessed. We did not find a significant difference among the three study groups with regard to BDNF, NT-3, and TNF-α levels. The ANOVA test indicated statistically significant differences in FGF2 levels and neopterin between the study groups. The newborns of mothers with AD had significantly higher FGF2 levels and significantly higher neopterin levels when compared with those of mothers with MDD and healthy mothers. The present study sheds light on the effects of higher FGF2 and neopterin levels in fetuses exposed to AD. Our results should be replicated through further prospective studies with a larger sample size.
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19
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The Role of Phosphodiesterase-2 in Psychiatric and Neurodegenerative Disorders. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2018; 17:307-347. [PMID: 28956338 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-58811-7_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic nucleotide PDEs are a super-family of enzymes responsible for regulating intracellular levels of the second messengers cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). Through their catalysis, PDEs are able to exert tight regulation over these important intracellular signaling cascades. Previously, PDEs have been implicated in learning and memory, as well as in mood disorders, such as anxiety and depression. PDE2 is of special interest due to its high level of expression in the forebrain, specifically in the isocortex, entorhinal cortex, striatum, hippocampus, amygdala, and medial habenula. Many of these brain regions are considered participants of the limbic system, which is known as the emotional regulatory center of the brain, and is important for modulating emotion and long-term memory. Therefore, PDE2s coincidental expression in these areas suggests an important role for PDE2 in these behaviors, and researchers are continuing to uncover the complex connections. It was shown that PDE2 inhibitors have pro-cognitive effects in tests of memory, including the object recognition test. PDE2 inhibitors are also protective against cognitive deficits in various models of cognitive impairment. Additionally, PDE2 inhibitors are protective against many different forms of stress-induced anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors. Currently, there is a great need for novel therapeutics for the treatment of mood and cognitive disorders, especially anxiety and depression, and other neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, and PDE2 is emerging as a viable target for future drug development for many of these diseases.
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20
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Mizuno K, Sasaki AT, Ebisu K, Tajima K, Kajimoto O, Nojima J, Kuratsune H, Hori H, Watanabe Y. Hydrogen-rich water for improvements of mood, anxiety, and autonomic nerve function in daily life. Med Gas Res 2018; 7:247-255. [PMID: 29497485 PMCID: PMC5806445 DOI: 10.4103/2045-9912.222448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Health and a vibrant life are sought by everyone. To improve quality of life (QOL), maintain a healthy state, and prevent various diseases, evaluations of the effects of potentially QOL-increasing factors are important. Chronic oxidative stress and inflammation cause deteriorations in central nervous system function, leading to low QOL. In healthy individuals, aging, job stress, and cognitive load over several hours also induce increases in oxidative stress, suggesting that preventing the accumulation of oxidative stress caused by daily stress and daily work contributes to maintaining QOL and ameliorating the effects of aging. Hydrogen has anti-oxidant activity and can prevent inflammation, and may thus contribute to improve QOL. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of drinking hydrogen-rich water (HRW) on the QOL of adult volunteers using psychophysiological tests, including questionnaires and tests of autonomic nerve function and cognitive function. In this double-blinded, placebo-controlled study with a two-way crossover design, 26 volunteers (13 females, 13 males; mean age, 34.4 ± 9.9 years) were randomized to either a group administered oral HRW (600 mL/d) or placebo water (PLW, 600 mL/d) for 4 weeks. Change ratios (post-treatment/pre-treatment) for K6 score and sympathetic nerve activity during the resting state were significantly lower after HRW administration than after PLW administration. These results suggest that HRW may reinforce QOL through effects that increase central nervous system functions involving mood, anxiety, and autonomic nerve function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Mizuno
- Osaka City University Center for Health Science Innovation, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Medical Science on Fatigue, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akihiro T Sasaki
- Osaka City University Center for Health Science Innovation, Osaka, Japan.,Health Evaluation Team, RIKEN Compass to Healthy Life Research Complex Program, Kobe, Japan.,Department of Physiology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kyoko Ebisu
- Osaka City University Center for Health Science Innovation, Osaka, Japan.,Health Evaluation Team, RIKEN Compass to Healthy Life Research Complex Program, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kanako Tajima
- Pathophysiological and Health Science Team, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Kobe, Japan.,Health Evaluation Team, RIKEN Compass to Healthy Life Research Complex Program, Kobe, Japan
| | - Osami Kajimoto
- Osaka City University Center for Health Science Innovation, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Medical Science on Fatigue, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Junzo Nojima
- Department of Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Kuratsune
- Department of Health Science, Faculty of Health Science for Welfare, Kansai University of Welfare Sciences, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hori
- Osaka City University Center for Health Science Innovation, Osaka, Japan.,Health Evaluation Team, RIKEN Compass to Healthy Life Research Complex Program, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yasuyoshi Watanabe
- Osaka City University Center for Health Science Innovation, Osaka, Japan.,Health Metrics Development Team, RIKEN Compass to Healthy Life Research Complex Program, Kobe, Japan.,Department of Physiology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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21
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Nicholls AJ, Wen SW, Hall P, Hickey MJ, Wong CHY. Activation of the sympathetic nervous system modulates neutrophil function. J Leukoc Biol 2017; 103:295-309. [PMID: 29345350 PMCID: PMC6635748 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3ma0517-194rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence has revealed that noradrenaline (NA), the main neurotransmitter of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), regulates a variety of immune functions via binding to adrenergic receptors present on immune cells. In this study, we examined the role of NA in the regulation of neutrophil functions. Neutrophils were isolated from the bone marrow of naïve mice and treated with NA at various concentrations to assess the effect on various neutrophil functions. Additionally, we performed cremaster intravital microscopy to examine neutrophil‐endothelial cell interactions following NA superfusion in vivo. In a separate group of animals, mice were subjected to an experimental model of stroke and at 4 and 24 h neutrophils were isolated for assessment on their ability to migrate toward various chemokines. Treatment of neutrophils with NA for 4 h significantly impaired neutrophil chemotaxis and induced an N2 neutrophil phenotype with reduced expression of the genes critical for cytoskeleton remodeling and inflammation. Prolonged NA administration promoted neutrophils to release myeloperoxidase and IL‐6, but suppressed the production of interferon‐γ and IL‐10, reduced neutrophil activation and phagocytosis. Superfusion of NA over the cremaster muscle almost completely inhibited fMLP‐induced neutrophil adhesion/arrest and transmigration. Furthermore, using a mouse model of stroke, a pathological condition in which SNS activation is evident, neutrophils isolated from poststroke mice showed markedly reduced chemotaxis toward all of the chemokines tested. The findings from our study indicate that neutrophil chemotaxis, activation, and phagocytosis can all be negatively regulated in an NA‐dependent manner. A better understanding of the relationship between sympathetic activation and neutrophil function will be important for the development of effective antibacterial interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyce J Nicholls
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Australia
| | - Shu Wen Wen
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Australia
| | - Pam Hall
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Australia
| | - Michael J Hickey
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Australia
| | - Connie H Y Wong
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Australia
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22
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Ozcan H, Oral E, Gulec M, Turkez H, Gulec TC, Ustundag MF, Aydinoglu U, Yucel A. Total oxidant–antioxidant and paraoxonase-1 levels in premenstrual dysphoric disorder: a follow-up study. PSYCHIAT CLIN PSYCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/24750573.2017.1326735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Halil Ozcan
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Elif Oral
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Gulec
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Hasan Turkez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Science, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Tezay Cakin Gulec
- Department of Neurology, Turkan Ozilhan Bornova State Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - Unsal Aydinoglu
- Department of Psychiatry, Kastamonu Dr. Munif Islamoglu State Hospital, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - Atakan Yucel
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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23
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Şimşek Ş, Yüksel T, Kaplan İ, Uysal C, Aktaş H. The Levels of Cortisol and Oxidative Stress and DNA Damage in Child and Adolescent Victims of Sexual Abuse with or without Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Psychiatry Investig 2016; 13:616-621. [PMID: 27909452 PMCID: PMC5128349 DOI: 10.4306/pi.2016.13.6.616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate whether cortisol and oxidative stress levels and DNA damage differ between individuals who developed PTSD or not following a sexual trauma. METHODS The study included 61 children aged between 5 and 17 years who sustained sexual abuse (M/F: 18/43). The patients were divided into two groups: patients with PTSD and patients without PTSD based, based on the results of a structured psychiatric interview (K-SADS-PL and CAPS-CA). Cortisol, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), coenzyme Q, 8-Hydroxy-2-Deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) were all evaluated by the ELISA method. RESULTS Our evaluation revealed a diagnosis of PTSD in 51% (n=31) of victims. There was no significant difference between the groups with or without PTSD in terms of cortisol, GPx, SOD, coenzyme Q, and 8-OHdG levels. There was no correlation between CAPS scores and GPx, SOD, coenzyme Q, and 8-OHdG levels between patients with or without PTSD. In patients with PTSD, both cortisol and 8-OHdG levels decreased with increasing time after trauma, and there was no significant correlation with cortisol and 8-OHdG levels in patients without PTSD. CONCLUSION Although the present study did not find any difference between the groups in terms of 8-OHdG concentrations, the decreases in both cortisol and 8-OHdG levels with increasing time after trauma is considered to indicate a relationship between cortisol and DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şeref Şimşek
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Dicle University, Medical School, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Tuğba Yüksel
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Dicle University, Medical School, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Kaplan
- Department of Biochemistry, Dicle University, Medical School, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Cem Uysal
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Dicle University, Medical School, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Aktaş
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Dicle University, Medical School, Diyarbakır, Turkey
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The role of oxidative and inflammatory stress and persistent viral infections in immunosenescence. Mech Ageing Dev 2016; 158:27-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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25
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Salehpour F, Rasta SH, Mohaddes G, Sadigh-Eteghad S, Salarirad S. Therapeutic effects of 10-HzPulsed wave lasers in rat depression model: A comparison between near-infrared and red wavelengths. Lasers Surg Med 2016; 48:695-705. [DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Salehpour
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC); Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz 51666 Iran
- Department of Medical Physics; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz 51666 Iran
| | - Seyed Hossein Rasta
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC); Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz 51666 Iran
- Department of Medical Bioengineering; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz 51666 Iran
- Department of Medical Physics; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz 51666 Iran
- School of Medical Sciences; University of Aberdeen; Aberdeen AB24 5DT United Kingdom
| | - Gisou Mohaddes
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC); Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz 51666 Iran
| | - Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC); Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz 51666 Iran
| | - Sima Salarirad
- School of Medical Sciences; University of Aberdeen; Aberdeen AB24 5DT United Kingdom
- Department of Psychiatry; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz 51666 Iran
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Malan-Müller S, Fairbairn L, Daniels WMU, Dashti MJS, Oakeley EJ, Altorfer M, Kidd M, Seedat S, Gamieldien J, Hemmings SMJ. Molecular mechanisms of D-cycloserine in facilitating fear extinction: insights from RNAseq. Metab Brain Dis 2016; 31:135-56. [PMID: 26400817 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-015-9727-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
D-cycloserine (DCS) has been shown to be effective in facilitating fear extinction in animal and human studies, however the precise mechanisms whereby the co-administration of DCS and behavioural fear extinction reduce fear are still unclear. This study investigated the molecular mechanisms of intrahippocampally administered D-cycloserine in facilitating fear extinction in a contextual fear conditioning animal model. Male Sprague Dawley rats (n = 120) were grouped into four experimental groups (n = 30) based on fear conditioning and intrahippocampal administration of either DCS or saline. The light/dark avoidance test was used to differentiate maladapted (MA) (anxious) from well-adapted (WA) (not anxious) subgroups. RNA extracted from the left dorsal hippocampus was used for RNA sequencing and gene expression data was compared between six fear-conditioned + saline MA (FEAR + SALINE MA) and six fear-conditioned + DCS WA (FEAR + DCS WA) animals. Of the 424 significantly downregulated and 25 significantly upregulated genes identified in the FEAR + DCS WA group compared to the FEAR + SALINE MA group, 121 downregulated and nine upregulated genes were predicted to be relevant to fear conditioning and anxiety and stress-related disorders. The majority of downregulated genes transcribed immune, proinflammatory and oxidative stress systems molecules. These molecules mediate neuroinflammation and cause neuronal damage. DCS also regulated genes involved in learning and memory processes, and genes associated with anxiety, stress-related disorders and co-occurring diseases (e.g., cardiovascular diseases, digestive system diseases and nervous system diseases). Identifying the molecular underpinnings of DCS-mediated fear extinction brings us closer to understanding the process of fear extinction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Malan-Müller
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
- SA MRC Centre for TB Research, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Lorren Fairbairn
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Willie M U Daniels
- Department of Human Physiology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | | | - Edward J Oakeley
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Biomarker Development - Human Genetics and Genomics, Genome Technologies, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marc Altorfer
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Biomarker Development - Human Genetics and Genomics, Genome Technologies, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Kidd
- Centre for Statistical Consultation, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Soraya Seedat
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Junaid Gamieldien
- University of the Western Cape, South African National Bioinformatics Institute, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sîan Megan Joanna Hemmings
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- SA MRC Centre for TB Research, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
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27
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Chen LC, Hsu JW, Huang KL, Bai YM, Su TP, Li CT, Yang AC, Chang WH, Chen TJ, Tsai SJ, Chen MH. Risk of developing major depression and anxiety disorders among women with endometriosis: A longitudinal follow-up study. J Affect Disord 2016; 190:282-285. [PMID: 26544610 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Several cross-sectional studies suggested a link between endometriosis and mood disorders. However, the temporal association between endometriosis and mood disorders (depression and anxiety disorders) is still unclear. METHODS Using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, 10,439 women with endometriosis and 10,439 (1:1) age-/sex-matched controls between 1998 and 2009 were enrolled, and followed up to the end of 2011. Those who developed depression or anxiety disorders during the follow-up were identified. RESULTS Women with endometriosis had an increased risk of developing major depression (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.56, 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.24-1.97), any depressive disorder (HR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.25-1.65), and anxiety disorders (HR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.22-1.70) in later life compared to those without endometriosis. Stratified by age group, women with endometriosis aged <40 years and those aged ≧40 years were both prone to developing major depression (HR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.15-1.99; HR: 1.69, 95% CI: 1.09-2.62), any depressive disorder (HR: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.21-1.69; HR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.13-1.56), and anxiety disorders (HR: 1.39, 95% CI: 1.14-1.71; HR: 1.53, 95% CI: 1.15-2.04). LIMITATION the incidence of depression and anxiety disorders may be underestimated since only those who sought medical consultation and help would be enrolled in our study. CONCLUSION Endometriosis was associated with an elevated likelihood of developing depression and anxiety disorders. Further studies may be required to investigate the underlying pathophysiology between endometriosis and both depression and anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chi Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Wei Hsu
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Lin Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Mei Bai
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Ping Su
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ta Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Albert C Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Han Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzeng-Ji Chen
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Hospital and Health Care Administration, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jen Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Mu-Hong Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Emhan A, Selek S, Bayazıt H, Fatih Karababa İ, Katı M, Aksoy N. Evaluation of oxidative and antioxidative parameters in generalized anxiety disorder. Psychiatry Res 2015; 230:806-10. [PMID: 26564548 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a prevalent psychiatric disorder. The exact causes of GAD still unknown, in addition to neurochemical and neuroanatomic disorders, genetic and environmental factors are discussed in etiology. In our study we aimed to evaluate the oxidative metabolism's status and investigate the role of oxidative metabolites in GAD. Blood samples were taken from enrolled subjects in appropriate way and total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) were studied in Harran University Biochemistry Labs. Results were compared between groups. The patients' TOS and OSI levels were significantly higher than control group. The patients' TAS levels were significantly lower than controls'. According to our findings, oxidative stress mechanism might have a role in GAD pathophysiology. In the future, total antioxidants may be used as a biologic marker in GAD etiology but more research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Emhan
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Ministry of Health, Diyarbakır Education and Research Hospital, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Salih Selek
- Harris County Psychiatric Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Hüseyin Bayazıt
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | | | - Mahmut Katı
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Nurten Aksoy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
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29
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Hagan KA, Wu T, Rimm EB, Eliassen AH, Okereke OI. Phobic Anxiety and Plasma Levels of Global Oxidative Stress in Women. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 2015; 29:7-20. [PMID: 26635425 DOI: 10.4321/s0213-61632015000100001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Psychological distress has been hypothesized to be associated with adverse biologic states such as higher oxidative stress and inflammation. Yet, little is known about associations between a common form of distress - phobic anxiety - and global oxidative stress. Thus, we related phobic anxiety to plasma fluorescent oxidation products (FlOPs), a global oxidative stress marker. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional analysis among 1,325 women (aged 43-70 years) from the Nurses' Health Study. Phobic anxiety was measured using the Crown-Crisp Index (CCI). Adjusted least-squares mean log-transformed FlOPs were calculated across phobic categories. Logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (OR) comparing the highest CCI category (≥6 points) vs. lower scores, across FlOPs quartiles. RESULTS No association was found between phobic anxiety categories and mean FlOP levels in multivariable adjusted linear models. Similarly, in multivariable logistic regression models there were no associations between FlOPs quartiles and likelihood of being in the highest phobic category. Comparing women in the highest vs. lowest FlOPs quartiles: FlOP_360: OR=0.68 (95% CI: 0.40-1.15); FlOP_320: OR=0.99 (95% CI: 0.61-1.61); FlOP_400: OR=0.92 (95% CI: 0.52, 1.63). CONCLUSIONS No cross-sectional association was found between phobic anxiety and a plasma measure of global oxidative stress in this sample of middle-aged and older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin A Hagan
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA ; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tianying Wu
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Eric B Rimm
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA ; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA ; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Heather Eliassen
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA ; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Olivia I Okereke
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA ; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA ; Division of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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30
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Wingo AP, Gibson G. Blood gene expression profiles suggest altered immune function associated with symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. Brain Behav Immun 2015; 43:184-91. [PMID: 25300922 PMCID: PMC4377320 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2014.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Prospective epidemiological studies found that generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) can impair immune function and increase risk for cardiovascular disease or events. Mechanisms underlying the physiological reverberations of anxiety, however, are still elusive. Hence, we aimed to investigate molecular processes mediating effects of anxiety on physical health using blood gene expression profiles of 336 community participants (157 anxious and 179 control). We examined genome-wide differential gene expression in anxiety, as well as associations between nine major modules of co-regulated transcripts in blood gene expression and anxiety. No significant differential expression was observed in women, but 631 genes were differentially expressed between anxious and control men at the false discovery rate of 0.1 after controlling for age, body mass index, race, and batch effect. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed that genes with altered expression levels in anxious men were involved in response of various immune cells to vaccination and to acute viral and bacterial infection, and in a metabolic network affecting traits of metabolic syndrome. Further, we found one set of 260 co-regulated genes to be significantly associated with anxiety in men after controlling for the relevant covariates, and demonstrate its equivalence to a component of the stress-related conserved transcriptional response to adversity profile. Taken together, our results suggest potential molecular pathways that can explain negative effects of GAD observed in epidemiological studies. Remarkably, even mild anxiety, which most of our participants had, was associated with observable changes in immune-related gene expression levels. Our findings generate hypotheses and provide incremental insights into molecular mechanisms mediating negative physiological effects of GAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliza P Wingo
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, 1670 Clairmont Road, Decatur, GA 30033, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Greg Gibson
- Center for Integrative Genomics, School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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31
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A higher anxiety state in old rats after social isolation is associated to an impairment of the immune response. J Neuroimmunol 2014; 277:18-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2014.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Pallanti S, Tofani T, Zanardelli M, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Ghelardini C. BDNF and Artemin are increased in drug-naïve non-depressed GAD patients: preliminary data. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 2014; 18:255-60. [PMID: 24994477 DOI: 10.3109/13651501.2014.940051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE While the role of neuronal and glial plasticity are well established in the pathophysiology of mood disorders, the pattern and measures of neuronal and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factors are unknown in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). The present study evaluates brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and Artemin (ARTN) plasma levels in GAD patients. METHODS Fourteen drug-naïve GAD patients without major depression were enrolled and plasmatic levels of BDNF and ARTN mRNA were measured by RT-PCR, and compared to matched healthy controls. RESULTS The results showed an unexpected increase in mRNA levels of both BDNF and ARTN in patients with GAD, that appeared almost doubled when compared to healthy controls. In comparison, both BDNF and ARTN are reduced in patients with major depressive disorder. Further, the results are intriguing and might involve distinguishing pathophysiological pathways. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report of increased levels of a neurotrophic factor and of a glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor family member in GAD patients. While further studies to confirm these results and the functional meaning in terms of pathophysiology of GAD are needed, the potential conceptual and clinical meanings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Pallanti
- UC Davis Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences , Sacramento, CA , USA
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Tajfard M, Ghayour Mobarhan M, Rahimi HR, Mouhebati M, Esmaeily H, Ferns GA, Latiff LA, Taghipour A, Mokhber N, Abdul-Aziz AF. Anxiety, depression, coronary artery disease and diabetes mellitus; an association study in ghaem hospital, iran. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2014; 16:e14589. [PMID: 25593715 PMCID: PMC4270671 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.14589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an increasing trend in the prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) in Iran. OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to investigate the relationship of anxiety, depression, diabetes and coronary artery disease among patients undergoing angiography in Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad, Iran. PATIENTS AND METHODS This case-control study was conducted between September 2011 and August 2012 among 200 patients undergoing coronary angiography for symptoms of coronary disease at Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad, Iran. The control group consisted of 697 healthy adults recruited from the individuals who attended the clinic for routine medical checkups or pre-employment examinations. The Beck anxiety and depression inventory scores and fasting blood glucose results were assessed in all the subjects. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16. P < 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant. RESULTS The mean age of patients was 57.52 ± 9.33 years old and for the control group it was 55.35 ± 8.45 years; there was no significant difference between the subjects (P = 0.647) regarding age. There was also no significant difference in gender distribution between the patients and control groups (P = 0.205). There was however a significant difference in anxiety and depression scores between the patients and healthy controls (P < 0.001). There was a significant positive correlation between anxiety score and depression score in both groups when data were analyzed by Pearson test. (P < 0.001, r = 0.604 and r = 0.521). Moreover, there was a significant positive linear correlation between the depression/anxiety scores and fasting blood glucose concentrations in the patients group (r = 0.3, P < 0.001) and a weak negative correlation in the healthy controls (r = -0.096, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Depression and anxiety are potentially important factors among patients with angiographically-defined CAD. There appear to be significant associations between glucose tolerance and anxiety and depression in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Tajfard
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Health Sciences Research Center, Department of Health and Management, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran
| | - Majid Ghayour Mobarhan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Avicenna (Bu-Ali) Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Rahimi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran
| | - Mohsen Mouhebati
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran
| | - Habibollah Esmaeily
- Health Sciences Research Center, Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School,University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Latiffah A Latiff
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Corresponding Authors: Latiffah A Latiff, Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University Putra Malaysia, 3rd Floor, Academic Block, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Tel: +60-389472537, Fax: +60-389450151, E-mail: ; Majid Ghayour Mobarhan, Cardiovascular Research Center, Avicenna (Bu-Ali) Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box: 9176699199, Mashhad, IR Iran. Tel: +98-5138002288, Fax: +98-5138002287, E-mail:
| | - Ali Taghipour
- Health Sciences Research Center, Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran
| | - Naghmeh Mokhber
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran
| | - Ahmad Fazli Abdul-Aziz
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
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Witthauer C, Gloster AT, Meyer AH, Goodwin RD, Lieb R. Comorbidity of infectious diseases and anxiety disorders in adults and its association with quality of life: a community study. Front Public Health 2014; 2:80. [PMID: 25072049 PMCID: PMC4095564 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2014.00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Infectious diseases and anxiety disorders are common and both are associated with substantial burden to individual, families, and society. A better understanding of their association may be helpful in explicating possible etiological mechanisms related to both. The goal of the current study was to investigate the relationship between specific infectious diseases and anxiety disorders among adults in the community, and to examine whether the co-occurrence of the two is associated with poorer quality of life compared to subjects with one or neither condition. Methods: We used data from the 1998 German Mental Health survey with 4181 subjects aged 18–65. Various infectious diseases (lifetime) and health-related quality of life were assessed via self-report questionnaires and anxiety disorders (past 12-months) were diagnosed using M-CIDI interviews. Logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the association between infectious diseases and anxiety disorders; a linear model adjusted for sex was used to examine whether comorbidity of infectious diseases and anxiety disorders was associated with quality of life. Results: Whooping cough [odds ratio (OR) = 1.69, 95% confidence intervals (CI) = 1.36–2.09], scarlet fever (OR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.02–1.68), and diphtheria (OR = 1.79, 95% CI = 1.21–2.64) were associated with increased prevalence of any anxiety disorder. Subjects with both infectious diseases and anxiety disorders reported lower levels of both mental and physical quality of life, compared with subjects with only one or neither condition. Conclusion: Extending prior research, this study suggests a relationship between specific infectious diseases and anxiety disorders in an adult community sample. Research targeting etiological mechanisms related to the interplay between infectious diseases and anxiety disorders is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Witthauer
- Department of Psychology, Division of Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology, University of Basel , Basel , Switzerland
| | - Andrew T Gloster
- Department of Psychology, Division of Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology, University of Basel , Basel , Switzerland
| | - Andrea Hans Meyer
- Department of Psychology, Division of Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology, University of Basel , Basel , Switzerland
| | - Renee D Goodwin
- Department of Psychology, Queens College and The Graduate Center, City University of New York , New York, NY , USA ; Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University , New York, NY , USA
| | - Roselind Lieb
- Department of Psychology, Division of Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology, University of Basel , Basel , Switzerland
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Efremidis M, Letsas KP, Lioni L, Giannopoulos G, Korantzopoulos P, Vlachos K, Dimopoulos NP, Karlis D, Bouras G, Sideris A, Deftereos S. Association of quality of life, anxiety, and depression with left atrial ablation outcomes. PACING AND CLINICAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY: PACE 2014; 37:703-11. [PMID: 24809737 DOI: 10.1111/pace.12420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with significant impairment of quality of life (QoL). Anxiety and depression are common in AF patients and might predispose to AF. We sought to investigate associations of preablative QoL and stress parameters with AF ablation outcomes, as well as possible changes in QoL, anxiety, and depression parameters after ablation. METHODS A total of 57 consecutive patients with paroxysmal AF underwent pulmonary vein (PV) antral isolation. The Short-Form Life Survey-36 items (SF-36), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were assessed before and at 6 months after ablation. RESULTS After a mean follow-up of 8.0 ± 2.5 months, 41 patients (71.9%) remained free from arrhythmia. Baseline mental health summary QoL SF-36 score was significantly lower in patients with AF recurrence (53.2 ± 10.3 vs 69.7 ± 17.9; P = 0.001), while the physical health summary score did not differ significantly between patients with and without recurrence. Patients with recurrence had higher baseline STAI-trait (41.9 ± 1.5 vs 34.7 ± 4.9) and BDI (17.3 ± 9.7 vs 5.4 ± 3.0) scores (P < 0.001 for both). In multivariable analysis, SF-36 mental health summary, STAI-trait, and BDI scores remained significant predictors of recurrence after adjustment for age, gender, body mass index, diabetes, and hypertension. Mental and physical domain SF-36 summary scores were significantly improved 6 months after ablation (P = 0.001) and a significant reduction in symptoms of depression (P = 0.001) and anxiety (P = 0.001) was observed. CONCLUSIONS Baseline QoL, anxiety, and depression metrics were associated with AF recurrence following PV antral isolation. Furthermore, there was a significant improvement in QoL, anxiety, and depression after left atrial ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Efremidis
- Second Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology, "Evangelismos" General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Uguz F, Onder Sonmez E, Sahingoz M, Gokmen Z, Basaran M, Gezginc K, Sonmez G, Kaya N, Yilmaz E, Erdem SS, Dulger HH, Cicekler H, Tasyurek E. Neuroinflammation in the fetus exposed to maternal obsessive-compulsive disorder during pregnancy: a comparative study on cord blood tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels. Compr Psychiatry 2014; 55:861-5. [PMID: 24480417 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The relationship between maternal psychiatric disorders and fetal neurodevelopment is unclear. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is relatively frequent during pregnancy. The study aimed to investigate whether maternal OCD during pregnancy affects fetal circulating tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels, an important pro-inflammatory cytokine, by comparing cord blood TNF-α levels in newborn infants of women with and without OCD. METHODS The study sample included 7 women with OCD and 30 healthy women. OCD and other psychiatric diagnoses were screened by means of the Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition. The blood sample for the determination of TNF-α level was obtained from the umbilical cord during delivery. RESULTS Cord blood TNF-α levels in newborn infants exposed to maternal OCD were significantly higher compared to non-exposed infants. Maternal anxiety symptom level was found to positively correlate with cord blood TNF-α levels in newborn infants of women with OCD. CONCLUSION The study results imply that maternal OCD during pregnancy may lead to neuroinflammation in the developing fetal brain through higher levels of circulating TNF-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faruk Uguz
- Department of Psychiatry, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Erdem Onder Sonmez
- Department of Psychiatry, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Mine Sahingoz
- Department of Psychiatry, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Zeynel Gokmen
- Department of Neonatology, Konya Research and Training Hospital, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Mustafa Basaran
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Konya Research and Training Hospital, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Kazim Gezginc
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Gulsum Sonmez
- Department of Neonatology, Konya Research and Training Hospital, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Nazmiye Kaya
- Department of Psychiatry, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Emre Yilmaz
- Department of Psychiatry, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Sami Sait Erdem
- Department of Biochemistry, Konya Research and Training Hospital, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Hasan Haluk Dulger
- Department of Biochemistry, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Humeyra Cicekler
- Department of Biochemistry, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Erkan Tasyurek
- Department of Biochemistry, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey.
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Patki G, Solanki N, Atrooz F, Ansari A, Allam F, Jannise B, Maturi J, Salim S. Novel mechanistic insights into treadmill exercise based rescue of social defeat-induced anxiety-like behavior and memory impairment in rats. Physiol Behav 2014; 130:135-44. [PMID: 24732411 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Social defeat (SD) induced stress causes physiological and behavioral deficits in rodents, including depression and anxiety-like behaviors, as well as memory impairment. Anxiolytic and mood elevating effects of physical exercise are also known. However, rescue effect of physical exercise in social defeat-induced anxiety, depression or memory impairment has not been addressed. The role of epigenetic mechanisms that potentially contribute to these rescue or protective effects is also not known. The present study investigated the effect of moderate treadmill exercise on anxiety-like behavior and memory function in rats subjected to SD using a modified version of the resident-intruder model for social stress (defeat). Changes in histone acetylation and histone-modifying enzymes were examined in hippocampus, amygdala and frontal cortex which are considered critical for anxiety, depression and cognition. Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned in four groups; control, exercised, social defeat, social defeat and exercise. At the end of the SD or control exposure lasting 30 min daily for 7 days, one group of SD rats was subjected to treadmill exercise for 2 weeks, whereas the other SD group was handled without exercise. Anxiety-like behavior tests and radial arm water maze test suggested that moderate treadmill exercise rescued social defeat induced anxiety-like behavior and memory impairment. Moreover, exercise normalized SD-induced increase in oxidative stress, most likely by adjusting antioxidant response. Our data suggests involvement of epigenetic mechanisms including histone acetylation of H3 and modulation of methyl-CpG-binding in the hippocampus that might contribute to the rescue effects of exercise in SD-induced behavioral deficits in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Patki
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, TX, USA
| | - Naimesh Solanki
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fatin Atrooz
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, TX, USA
| | - Amber Ansari
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, TX, USA
| | - Farida Allam
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brittany Jannise
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jaganmohan Maturi
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, TX, USA
| | - Samina Salim
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, TX, USA.
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R K, D M A, C N, S N W, C D. Oxidative imbalance and anxiety disorders. Curr Neuropharmacol 2014; 12:193-204. [PMID: 24669212 PMCID: PMC3964749 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x11666131120223530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The oxidative imbalance appears to have an important role in anxiety development. Studies in both humans and animals have shown a strong correlation between anxiety and oxidative stress. In humans, for example, the increased malondialdehyde levels and discrepancies in antioxidant enzymes in erythrocytes have been observed. In animals, several studies also show that anxiety-like behavior is related to the oxidative imbalance. Moreover, anxiety-like behavior can be caused by pharmacological-induced oxidative stress. Studies using knockout or overexpression of antioxidant enzymes have shown a relationship between anxiety-like behavior and oxidative stress. Related factors of oxidative stress that could influence anxious behavior are revised, including impaired function of different mitochondrial proteins, inflammatory cytokines, and neurotrophic factors. It has been suggested that a therapy specifically focus in reducing reactive species production may have a beneficial effect in reducing anxiety. However, the neurobiological pathways underlying the effect of oxidative stress on anxiety symptoms are not fully comprehended. The challenge now is to identify the oxidative stress mechanisms likely to be involved in the induction of anxiety symptoms. Understanding these pathways could help to clarify the neurobiology of the anxiety disorder and provide tools for new discovery in therapies and preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krolow R
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Arcego D M
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Noschang C
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Weis S N
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Dalmaz C
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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MacMurray J, Comings DE, Napolioni V. The gene-immune-behavioral pathway: Gamma-interferon (IFN-γ) simultaneously coordinates susceptibility to infectious disease and harm avoidance behaviors. Brain Behav Immun 2014; 35:169-75. [PMID: 24075848 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2013.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokine gene variants are known to influence both infectious disease susceptibility and harm-avoidant behaviors, suggesting that these risk variants may be pleiotropically linked to instinctual disease-avoidant traits. The gamma-interferon (IFNG) +874 T>A polymorphism (rs2430561) is an ideal candidate gene variant for immune-behavioral studies. It is a functional SNP, regulating IFNG mRNA expression; it is known to modulate serotonergic activity and is therefore capable of modifying behavior; and it has previously been associated with increased susceptibility to malaria, tuberculosis, leprosy and Chagas disease. We hypothesized that the infectious disease-high-risk IFNG +874 A-allele would be associated with four personality traits previously reported as behavioral defenses against infection: Harm Avoidance (HA), Extraversion (E), Exploratory Excitability (Exp E), and Openness to Experience (O). We tested this hypothesis in a sample of 168 healthy university students from Southern California genotyped for IFNG +874 T>A and evaluated by the Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised (TCI-R) and the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). We found that the infectious disease-high-risk IFNG +874 A-allele was associated with increased HA (P=0.001) and decreased E (P=0.030) and Exp E (P=0.030). These findings suggest that the IFNG +874 A gene variant is linked both to infectious disease susceptibility and to proactive behavioral defenses that reduce infection risk in healthy subjects.
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Patki G, Solanki N, Atrooz F, Allam F, Salim S. Depression, anxiety-like behavior and memory impairment are associated with increased oxidative stress and inflammation in a rat model of social stress. Brain Res 2013; 1539:73-86. [PMID: 24096214 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we have examined the behavioral and biochemical effect of induction of psychological stress using a modified version of the resident-intruder model for social stress (social defeat). At the end of the social defeat protocol, body weights, food and water intake were recorded, depression and anxiety-like behaviors as well as memory function was examined. Biochemical analysis including oxidative stress measurement, inflammatory markers and other molecular parameters, critical to behavioral effects were examined. We observed a significant decrease in the body weight in the socially defeated rats as compared to the controls. Furthermore, social defeat increased anxiety-like behavior and caused memory impairment in rats (P<0.05). Socially defeated rats made significantly more errors in long term memory tests (P<0.05) as compared to control rats. Furthermore, brain extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 (ERK1/2), and an inflammatory marker, interleukin (IL)-6 were activated (P<0.05), while the protein levels of glyoxalase (GLO)-1, glutathione reductase (GSR)-1, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type (CAMK)-IV, cAMP-response-element-binding protein (CREB) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were significantly less (P<0.05) in the hippocampus, but not in the prefrontal cortex and amygdala of socially defeated rats, when compared to control rats. We suggest that social defeat stress alters ERK1/2, IL-6, GLO1, GSR1, CAMKIV, CREB, and BDNF levels in specific brain areas, leading to oxidative stress-induced anxiety-depression-like behaviors and as well as memory impairment in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Patki
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
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41
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Kaya MC, Bez Y, Karababa IF, Emhan A, Aksoy N, Bulut M, Guneş M, Atli A, Selek S. Decreased serum sulphydryl levels as a sign of increased oxidative stress in generalized anxiety disorder. Psychiatry Investig 2013; 10:281-5. [PMID: 24302952 PMCID: PMC3843021 DOI: 10.4306/pi.2013.10.3.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Revised: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In recent years, many published studies have focused on the relationship between oxidative stress and psychiatric disorders. However, studies in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) are few despite relatively high prevalence rates. In an attempt to fill this gap in the literature we aimed to measure serum levels of free sulphydryl, an important member of antioxidant defense mechanisms, of the patients with GAD. METHODS A total of 35 (23 female, 12 male) GAD patients without any other co-morbid medical or psychiatric disorder and 35 (23 female, 12 male) healthy controls have been included in the study. Disease severity of the patients were quantified by using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A). Serum free sulphydryl group levels of patients and healthy controls were measured in an appropriate way. RESULTS Mean level of serum sulphydryl groups was significantly lower in the patient group. There was a negative correlation between their level and the disease duration. However, they did not show any significant correlation with the disease severity. CONCLUSION Decreased serum sulphydryl level observed in pure GAD patients suggests an increased oxidative stress in these patients. Well designed future researches are needed to replicate our findings and to test the implications of the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Cemal Kaya
- Department of Psychiatry, Dicle University School of Medicine, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Yasin Bez
- Department of Psychiatry, Dicle University School of Medicine, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | | | - Ali Emhan
- Department of Psychiatry, Harran University School of Medicine, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Nurten Aksoy
- Department of Biochemistry, Harran University School of Medicine, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Bulut
- Department of Psychiatry, Dicle University School of Medicine, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Guneş
- Department of Psychiatry, Dicle University School of Medicine, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Atli
- Department of Psychiatry, Dicle University School of Medicine, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Salih Selek
- Department of Psychiatry, Istanbul Medeniyet University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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Chugh G, Asghar M, Patki G, Bohat R, Jafri F, Allam F, Dao AT, Mowrey C, Alkadhi K, Salim S. A high-salt diet further impairs age-associated declines in cognitive, behavioral, and cardiovascular functions in male Fischer brown Norway rats. J Nutr 2013; 143:1406-13. [PMID: 23864508 PMCID: PMC3743272 DOI: 10.3945/jn.113.177980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging-associated declines in cognitive, emotional, and cardiovascular function are well known. Environmental stress triggers critical changes in the brain, further compromising cardiovascular and behavioral health during aging. Excessive dietary salt intake is one such stressor. Here, we tested the effect of high salt (HS) on anxiety, learning-memory function, and blood pressure (BP) in male Fischer brown Norway (FBN) rats. Adult (A; 2 mo) and old (O; 20 mo) male rats were fed normal-salt (NS; 0.4% NaCl) or HS (8% NaCl) diets for 4 wk after being implanted with telemeter probes for conscious BP measurement. Thereafter, tests to assess anxiety-like behavior and learning-memory were conducted. The rats were then killed, and samples of plasma, urine, and brain tissue were collected. We found that systolic BP was higher in O-NS (117 ± 1.2 mm Hg) than in A-NS (105 ± 0.8 mm Hg) rats (P < 0.05). Furthermore, BP was higher in O-HS (124 ± 1.4 mm Hg) than in O-NS (117 ± 1.2 mm Hg) rats (P < 0.05). Moreover, anxiety-like behavior (light-dark and open-field tests) was not different between A-NS and O-NS rats but was greater in O-HS rats than in A-NS, O-NS, or A-HS rats (P < 0.05). Short-term memory (radial arm water maze test) was similar in A-NS and O-NS rats but was significantly impaired in O-HS rats compared with A-NS, O-NS, or A-HS rats (P < 0.05). Furthermore, oxidative stress variables (in plasma, urine, and brain) as well as corticosterone (plasma) were greater in O-HS rats when compared with A-NS, O-NS, or A-HS rats (P < 0.05). The antioxidant enzyme glyoxalase-1 expression was selectively reduced in the hippocampus and amygdala of O-HS rats compared with A-NS, O-NS, or A-HS rats (P < 0.05), whereas other antioxidant enzymes, glutathione reductase 1, manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD), and Cu/Zn SOD remained unchanged. We suggest that salt-sensitive hypertension and behavioral derangement are associated with a redox imbalance in the brain of aged FBN rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Chugh
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, and
- Heart and Kidney Institute, University of Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Mohammad Asghar
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, and
- Heart and Kidney Institute, University of Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Gaurav Patki
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, and
| | - Ritu Bohat
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, and
| | - Faizan Jafri
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, and
| | - Farida Allam
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, and
| | - An T. Dao
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, and
| | | | - Karim Alkadhi
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, and
| | - Samina Salim
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, and
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Giménez-Llort L, Maté I, Manassra R, Vida C, De la Fuente M. Peripheral immune system and neuroimmune communication impairment in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2012; 1262:74-84. [PMID: 22823438 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06639.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) can be understood in the context of the aging of neuroimmune communication. Although the contribution to AD of the immune cells present in the brain is accepted, the role of the peripheral immune system is less well known. The present review examines the behavior and the function and redox state of peripheral immune cells in a triple-transgenic mouse model (3×Tg-AD). These animals develop both beta-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles with a temporal- and regional-specific profile that closely mimics their development in the human AD brain. We have observed age and sex-related changes in several aspects of behavior and immune cell functions, which demonstrate premature aging. Lifestyle strategies such as physical exercise and environmental enrichment can improve these aspects. We propose that the analysis of the function and redox state of peripheral immune cells can be a useful tool for measuring the progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Giménez-Llort
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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Tsukamoto K, Machida K. Effects of life events and stress on neutrophil functions in elderly men. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2012; 9:13. [PMID: 22682371 PMCID: PMC3411432 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4933-9-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 06/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Background Psychological stress or life events might significantly decrease neutrophil function in elderly individuals and lead to infectious diseases. However, relationships between these factors have not been examined in detail. We investigated the relationships between neutrophil function measured using the nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction test and measurements of psychological stress and life events among 81 men aged over 60 years. Results The numbers and scores for life events were significantly higher (p < 0.01, respectively) in a group with values reflecting phagocytosis below the median than in a control group. Conclusions Chronic psychological stress due to life events decreases neutrophil functions among elderly men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazumasa Tsukamoto
- Nihon Medi-Phisics, Co,, Ltd,, Tokyo, 3-4-10 Shinsuna, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 136-0075, Japan.
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Pedata P, Garzillo EM, Miranda R, Antonucci A, Feola D, Miraglia N, Sannolo N, Lamberti M. Functional changes in human peripheral neutrophils in workers with different exposure to noxious agents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2012; 22:458-467. [PMID: 22369506 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2011.654329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral neutrophils (PMN) are a useful model to study cell activation and to evaluate the multiple stressors' interference with signalling pathways. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different exposure to noxious agents on PMN activity by chemiluminescence assays. Two groups of office workers were recruited: peripheral whole blood cells and isolated PMNs were analyzed, performing intra- and extra-cellular chemiluminescence evaluation to study compartmental release of radical species. The exposed group shows a higher emission in resting whole blood chemiluminescence than in controls; the intracellular chemiluminescence emission in urban employees was increased, whereas the extracellular was not affected. After stimulation, the extracellular chemiluminescence was decreased in urban employees, whereas the intracellular emission did not show differences. We hypothesize that once stimulated, exposed subjects' PMNs respond to stimuli less than unexposed: PMNs could be considered indicators of chronic exposure to noxious agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Pedata
- Occupational Medicine, Hygiene and Industrial Toxicology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine, Second University of Naples, Via L. De Crecchio, 7, Naples, 80138, Italy
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Sullivan EL, Nousen EK, Chamlou KA, Grove KL. The Impact of Maternal High-Fat Diet Consumption on Neural Development and Behavior of Offspring. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY SUPPLEMENTS 2012; 2:S7-S13. [PMID: 26069734 PMCID: PMC4460829 DOI: 10.1038/ijosup.2012.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Maternal diet and metabolic state are important factors in determining the environment experienced during perinatal development. Epidemiological studies and evidence from animal models provide evidence that a mother's diet and metabolic condition are important in programming the neural circuitry that regulates behavior, resulting in a persistent impact on the offspring's behavior. Potential mechanisms by which maternal diet and metabolic profile influence the perinatal environment include placental dysfunction and increases in circulating factors such as inflammatory cytokines, nutrients (glucose and fatty acids) and hormones (insulin and leptin). Maternal obesity and high-fat diet (HFD) consumption exposure during development have been observed to increase the risk of developing serious mental health and behavioral disorders including anxiety, depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder. The increased risk of developing these behavioral disorders is postulated to be due to perturbations in the development of neural pathways that regulate behavior, including the serotonergic, dopaminergic and melanocortinergic systems. It is critical to examine the influence that a mother's nutrition and metabolic profile have on the developing offspring considering the current and alarmingly high prevalence of obesity and HFD consumption in pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Sullivan
- Department of Biology, University of Portland, Portland, OR, USA
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - E K Nousen
- Department of Biology, University of Portland, Portland, OR, USA
| | - K A Chamlou
- Department of Biology, University of Portland, Portland, OR, USA
| | - K L Grove
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, USA
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Salim S, Chugh G, Asghar M. Inflammation in Anxiety. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY VOLUME 88 2012; 88:1-25. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-398314-5.00001-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Pehlivanoglu B, Bayrak S, Gurel EI, Balkanci ZD. Effect of gender and menstrual cycle on immune system response to acute mental stress: apoptosis as a mediator. Neuroimmunomodulation 2012; 19:25-32. [PMID: 22067619 DOI: 10.1159/000327993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2010] [Accepted: 04/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS We aimed to explore the immunological outcomes of short-term mental stress in apoptosis in peripheral lymphocytes and variations by gender and hormonal status of the individuals together with possible mediators of this interaction. METHODS Acute mental stress (computerized Stroop color-word interference and cold pressor tests) was applied to men (n = 17) and women (n = 16, in both follicular and luteal phases). Heart rate and blood pressure were monitored throughout the test and after the test until baseline values were recorded. Blood samples were drawn for measuring cortisol and nitric oxide (NO) levels and flow-cytometric cell counting before and after the test. RESULTS Activation of the stress system was ascertained by increased heart rate, blood pressure and serum cortisol levels after the test. Relative to baseline values, acute mental stress altered the distribution of T and natural killer cells. There was a significant decrease in T helper/T cytotoxic-suppressor cell ratio and an increase in apoptotic T helper cell percentage irrespective of gender or menstrual cycle phase. An increased number of natural killer cells was detected in women, whereas it was decreased in men. After stress induction, serum NO levels remained the same in women and increased in men. Although a correlation was not found between immune system changes and NO levels, glucocorticoids seem to have a role in the observed differences. CONCLUSION Acute mental stress triggers apoptotic T helper cell loss which was associated with stress system activation, and sex steroids affect the pattern of stress-related immune cell distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilge Pehlivanoglu
- Department of Physiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey. pbilge @ hacettepe.edu.tr
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Hou R, Baldwin DS. A neuroimmunological perspective on anxiety disorders. Hum Psychopharmacol 2012; 27:6-14. [PMID: 22213434 DOI: 10.1002/hup.1259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 11/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Research into psychoneuroimmunology has led to substantial advances in our understanding of the reciprocal interactions between the central nervous system and the immune system in neuropsychiatric disorders. To date, the presence of inflammatory responses and the crucial role of cytokines in major depression have been addressed in numerous studies. However, neuroinflammatory hypotheses in anxiety disorders have been studied less extensively than in major depression. There is a high research need for better understanding of both the heterogeneous role of specific cytokines in the control of anxious states and in different anxiety disorders and of the immunomodulating effects of antidepressants on anxiety. METHODS Relevant literature was identified through a search of MEDLINE via PubMed. We discuss recent research on neuroimmunology in anxiety and make methodological recommendations for future investigation of neuroinflammatory hypotheses in anxiety disorders. RESULTS Some accumulating evidence has indicated modulatory effects of cytokines on neuronal communication and anxiety; however, research has not revealed consistent reproducible findings. CONCLUSIONS The availability of inflammatory biomarkers may provide an opportunity to identify patients via specific pathophysiological processes and to monitor therapeutic responses within relevant pathways. Further understanding of the neuroimmunological mechanisms to untangle the reciprocal associations between inflammation and anxiety is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihua Hou
- University Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
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Bruenahl CA, Linden M. Common laboratory measures of global health may not be suited to assess, discriminate or predict chronic stress effects on biological systems. Nord J Psychiatry 2011; 65:266-8. [PMID: 21142646 DOI: 10.3109/08039488.2010.542589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a longstanding discussion that prolonged psychological stress can have negative somatic effects, especially in respect to endocrinological and immunological changes. Yet, the clinical significance of these findings is still unclear. Patients with prolonged stress should show more signs and symptoms of related illnesses. AIM The question we like to answer in this study is: are laboratory measures of global health suited to assess, discriminate or predict chronic psychological stress effects on biological systems? METHODS Included were 50 inpatients who were suffering from post-traumatic embitterment disorder (PTED), a condition that causes persistent and intense psychological distress. They were compared with a group of 50 matched control patients with unselected psychosomatic disorders but no immediate stress and strain. Gender distribution and age were the same in both samples because of the matching (60% women; mean age: 49 years). PTED patients had an average duration of illness of 31.7 (±35.5) months. In the SCL-90 they showed an average GSI score of 1.13 (±0.55) compared with 0.74 (±0.50) in the controls, as indicator of their increased psychological strain. Between groups, we compared the results of 24 laboratory tests, which can be seen as indicators of functioning of all important body systems. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the results of laboratory tests between groups and especially no indicators for different rates of immunological or inflammatory illnesses. CONCLUSION Laboratory measures of global health may not be suited to assess, discriminate or predict psychological chronic stress effects on important biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Andreas Bruenahl
- Research Group Psychosomatic Rehabilitation at the Charité University Medicine Berlin and the Rehabilitation Centre Seehof, Teltow/Berlin, Germany
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