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Mention B, Pourre F, Andanson J. Humor in autism spectrum disorders: A systematic review. L'ENCEPHALE 2024; 50:200-210. [PMID: 38176977 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Humor is essential to social relationships. Its use and understanding appear to be impaired in people with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The main objective was to review the existing literature on the detection, understanding and use of humor in persons with ASD. The secondary objective involved exploring assessment scales and specific intervention tools. METHODS A systematic review of the literature was carried out on all available French and English scientific papers about humor - including irony - in persons with ASD up to November 2021. We extracted 552 references and included 43 articles from six databases. RESULTS Studies suggest that those with ASD can detect audiovisual and written humor. Understanding humor was impaired in writing and when using pure auditory stimuli and non-verbal cartoons. For irony, the results indicated a lower detection of quality and less understanding in speaking but not in writing. Regarding its use, in terms of expression, people with ASD use benevolent humor less often and do not consider humor as a key source of satisfaction with life, as opposed to the control group. CONCLUSIONS It appears that it would be worthwhile to develop standardized humor detection and assessment tools specific to persons with ASD. Practical strategies that focus on humor ability could be worth developing, either individually or in groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Mention
- Service universitaire de psychiatrie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent, CHU de Toulouse, place du Docteur Baylac, TSA 40031, 31059 Toulouse cedex 9, France.
| | - Frederic Pourre
- Service universitaire de psychiatrie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent, CHU de Toulouse, place du Docteur Baylac, TSA 40031, 31059 Toulouse cedex 9, France
| | - Julie Andanson
- CERPOP, Inserm, UPS, University of Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France
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2
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Workplace humour, compassion, and professional quality of life among medical staff. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2023; 14:2158533. [PMID: 37052083 PMCID: PMC9793908 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2022.2158533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Professional quality of life pertains to the balance between compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction. In recent years, there was an increase in compassion fatigue among medical staff due to the pandemic, all over the world, while compassion satisfaction was reported at a moderate level.Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify the relationship between workplace humour and professional quality of life among medical staff, as well as the moderating role of compassion in this relationship.Method: The sample consisted of 189 participants (Mage = 41.01; SD = 9.58). Of the total sample, 57.1% are physicians, 32.3% are nurses and 6.9% are clinical psychologists. The participants completed scales measuring compassion, workplace humour, and professional quality of life.Results: The results showed that self-enhancing and affiliative humour were positively related, while self-defeating humour was negatively related to compassion satisfaction. Burnout and secondary traumatic stress were negatively related to self-enhancing humour and positively related to self-defeating humour. Compassion moderated the relationship between affiliative humour and secondary traumatic stress.Conclusions: Encouraging coping strategies based on adaptive humour (i.e. affiliative humour, self-enhancing) and raising awareness about negative humour strategies (i.e. self-defeating) could contribute to an increase of quality of life among healthcare providers. Another conclusion derived from the present study sustains that compassion is a valuable personal resource positively related to compassion satisfaction. Compassion also facilitates the relationship between affiliative humour and low secondary traumatic stress. Thus, encouraging compassionate skills could be beneficial for the optimal professional quality of life.
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Hu L, Ye L, Guo M, Liu Y. The Impact of Leader Humor on Employee Creativity during the COVID-19 Period: The Roles of Perceived Workload and Occupational Coping Self-Efficacy. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:bs13040303. [PMID: 37102817 PMCID: PMC10136144 DOI: 10.3390/bs13040303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on the relief theory and similarity attraction theory, this study investigates the influence of leader humor on employee creativity through the mediate impact of employees’ perceived workload, occupational coping self-efficacy, and employee similarity perception with a leader as a potential moderator. The data were collected through an online survey that included matched questionnaire data from 351 employees and their direct leaders in China. This study used SPSS 26 software and Mplus 7.0 software to analyze the data and found that (1) leader humor has a significant positive impact on employees’ creativity; (2) employees’ perceived workload and occupational coping self-efficacy mediated the positive relationship between leader humor and employee creativity; (3) similarity perception negatively moderated the influence of leader humor on perceived workload, and it also positively moderated the influence of leader humor on occupational coping self-efficacy. In addition to corroborating and expanding on previous findings regarding the relationship between leader humor and employee creativity during the COVID-19 period, the aforementioned conclusions also derive management implications for fostering employee creativity and reducing employee workload from the perspective of leader humor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Hu
- School of Economics and Management, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Long Ye
- School of Economics and Management, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Ming Guo
- School of Economics and Management, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Yunshuo Liu
- School of Economics and Management, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
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4
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Maftei A. The indirect effect of compassion on katagelasticism: the mediatiang role of moral disengagement and the moderating effect of intolerance of uncertainty. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:26. [PMID: 36703187 PMCID: PMC9877495 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01063-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The junction between moral psychology, humor, and some specific personality variables (i.e., uncertainty intolerance and compassion toward others) has been a neglected field of study. The present research explored the role of moral disengagement and intolerance of uncertainty in the relationship between compassion and katagelasticism. The sample was formed by 763 adults aged 18 to 70 (M = 24.62, SD = 8.29, 73.9% women). The findings suggested significant negative associations between compassion and moral disengagement and positive correlations between katagelasticism, moral disengagement, and intolerance of uncertainty. Furthermore, moral disengagement mediated the link between compassion and katagelasticism, while intolerance of uncertainty moderated the link between compassion and moral disengagement. Significant gender differences were also suggested concerning all our study's primary variables, with women scoring higher in the compassion and intolerance of uncertainty and significantly lower than men in the moral disengagement and katagelasticism dimensions. The results are discussed regarding their theoretical and practical implications related to moral disengagement and the underlying personal factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Maftei
- grid.8168.70000000419371784Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Iasi, Romania
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5
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Zhu H, Ou Y, Zhu Z. Aggressive humor style and cyberbullying perpetration: Normative tolerance and moral disengagement perspective. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1095318. [PMID: 36619045 PMCID: PMC9816482 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1095318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The literature has acknowledged the correlation between aggressive humor style and cyberbullying perpetration; however, little is known about how this occurs. In this study, we sought to gain an understanding of how and when someone with an aggressive humor style may develop into a perpetrator of cyberbullying. We propose that whether an individual's aggressive humor style results in cyberbullying perpetration depends on online social norms of tolerance for aggressive humor. When online normative tolerance for aggressive humor is high, individuals' aggressive humor style is positively correlated with their moral disengagement, which, in turn, increases their intention to commit cyberbullying. When online normative tolerance for aggressive humor is low, the effect of individuals' aggressive humor style on their moral disengagement is attenuated, which, in turn, weakens the relationship between aggressive humor style and cyberbullying perpetration. A total of 305 Chinese university students were recruited to participate in the experiment, and we found support for this hypothesis across the experiment. Several theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
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6
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Chiesi F, Tagliaferro C, Marunic G, Lau C. Prioritize positivity in Italians: a validation and measurement invariance study of an italian version of the prioritizing positivity scale. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-04150-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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7
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Winton BG, Sabol MA. Knock, knock, who’s there? Leader humor, leader–member exchange, and the dimensions of engagement. JOURNAL OF GENERAL MANAGEMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/03063070221107129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The workplace is rife with the use of humor. However, the theoretical ties between the use of leader humor and common employee outcomes remain incomplete. This research extends social exchange theory to investigate the activities through which leader humor enables followers' physical, cognitive, and emotional engagement. The argument is made that leaders can utilize humor as a socioemotional resource to facilitate high-quality relationships with followers. Accordingly, hypotheses are developed to suggest a mediated relationship between leader humor and the three dimensions of engagement through the leader–member exchange (LMX). Data from a two-wave study in the United States support these hypotheses and highlight leader–follower exchange as a necessary linkage to follower engagement. These results suggest that it is not enough for leaders to be amusing. Instead, leaders need to build strong connections with their followers through the exchange of social and emotional support. This research adds to the knowledge of leader humor in the organizational setting by establishing a connection between leader humor and each of the engagement facets. Additionally, this research expands the LMX literature by drawing attention to leader humor as a valuable socioemotional resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley G Winton
- School of Leadership, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
| | - Misty A Sabol
- Department of Marketing & Quantitative Methods, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
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8
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Gheorghe A, Curșeu PL. Leading through affiliation: the effect of humor type and gender on likelihood of being perceived as a leader. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03383-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Mendiburo-Seguel A, Alenda S, Ford TE, Olah AR, Navia PD, Argüello-Gutiérrez C. # funnypoliticians: How Do Political Figures Use Humor on Twitter? FRONTIERS IN SOCIOLOGY 2022; 7:788742. [PMID: 35433924 PMCID: PMC9011155 DOI: 10.3389/fsoc.2022.788742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Social media has increased its popularity among politicians. If they wish to succeed in the political arena, politicians need to present themselves to citizens as attractive individuals through these platforms. This study examined how politicians present themselves using humor on Twitter. We analyzed tweets (n = 6,443) from 27 politicians to determine their use of different types of humor and its relationship with age, gender, or political position. We also present changes in humor use in relation to the publication of a political survey in which politicians who were part of this study were evaluated. Results showed politicians' use of humor is relatively low in frequency and primarily aggressive. Politicians who are male, younger, and in the opposition tend to use more aggressive humor. We discuss the results considering the role of aggressive humor in political messages. Based on the analyses of tweets and the publication of the survey, we propose as a hypothesis for future studies that politicians' use of humor on Twitter could be affected by the publication of these kinds of surveys.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stéphanie Alenda
- Department of Sociology, Andres Bello University, Santiago, Chile
| | - Thomas E. Ford
- Department of Psychology, Western Carolina University, Cullowhee, NC, United States
| | | | - Patricio D. Navia
- Center for Latin American and Caribbean Studies, New York University, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Political Science, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
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Humor as a Multifaceted Resource in Healthcare: An Initial Qualitative Analysis of Perceived Functions and Conditions of Medical Assistants' Use of Humor in their Everyday Work and Education. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 7:397-418. [PMID: 36258700 PMCID: PMC9559119 DOI: 10.1007/s41042-022-00074-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
It has been argued that humor serves as a crucial resource for healthcare professionals (HCPs). For example, they can use it to cope with work stress, to build relationships with patients, and/or to educate medical students and residents—to name but a few functions. However, empirical studies on the importance of humor among HCPs are still scarce. Existing studies primarily focus on nurses and physicians and rarely distinguish between different humor styles (e.g., light and dark). Based on qualitative interviews with 14 German Medical Assistants (MAs), we investigate the potential of humor as a resource for MAs’ work and education. We focus on the perceived functions and conditions of MAs’ successful use of humor as well as the role of humor styles (i.e., comic styles). Results indicate various functions of humor in MAs’ everyday work (e.g., soothing patients, coping with mistakes, fostering team cohesion, or promoting apprentices’ education) as well as different conditions for a successful use of humor (e.g., positive social basis, current well-being, and social sensitivity). Further, the results suggest that the use of a certain humor style depends on the interlocutor as well as the intended goal of the humor. The results not only stress the multifaceted potential as well as the relevance of conditions of successful humor for MAs’ everyday work and education, but also provide valuable real-life insights into MAs’ everyday humor, thus offering several implications for practice to promote humor as a positive resource in MAs.
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11
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Tsai PH, Chen HC, Hung YC, Chang JH, Huang SY. What type of humor style do older adults tend to prefer? A comparative study of humor style tendencies among individuals of different ages and genders. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02381-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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12
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Anlı G. Reliability and validity studies of the Turkish version of Humor Styles Questionnaire for Children. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-019-00387-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Bechter BE, Whipp PR, Dimmock JA, Jackson B. Emotional intelligence and interpersonal relationship quality as predictors of high school physical education teachers’ intrinsic motivation. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02096-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Yuan Y. Leader-Employee Congruence in Humor and Innovative Behavior: The Moderating Role of Dynamic Tenure. Front Psychol 2021; 12:579551. [PMID: 33746818 PMCID: PMC7973860 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.579551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Drawing upon the literature on complementary fit theory, the purpose of this study is to examine how the dynamic tenure moderates the relationship between leader–employee congruence/incongruence in humor and employee innovative behavior. Data were collected from 108 leader–employee dyads from information technology companies in China. Polynomial regression combined with the response surface methodology was used to test the hypotheses. Four conclusions were drawn. First, employee innovative behavior was maximized when leaders and employees were incongruent in humor. Second, in the case of incongruence, employees had higher innovative behavior when employees were more humorous than their leaders. Third, in the case of congruence, employees had higher innovative behavior when a leader’s and an employee’s humor matched at high levels. Fourth, dynamic tenure moderated the leader–employee congruence/incongruence effect of humor on employee innovative behavior. This study enhanced theoretical developments by considering the importance of leaders’ congruence with employees in humor for the first time. Additionally, the research results provided better practical guidance for effectively promoting employee innovative behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yuan
- School of Economics and Management, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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15
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Predictive Validity of Thin Slices of Verbal and Nonverbal Behaviors: Comparison of Slice Lengths and Rating Methodologies. JOURNAL OF NONVERBAL BEHAVIOR 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10919-020-00343-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Jiang F, Lu S, Jiang T, Jia H. Does the Relation Between Humor Styles and Subjective Well-Being Vary Across Culture and Age? A Meta-Analysis. Front Psychol 2020; 11:2213. [PMID: 33071846 PMCID: PMC7536505 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An earlier review (Schneider et al., 2018) examined the connection between humor styles and mental health. The present article supplements and extends Schneider et al.'s review by surveying a broader concept, subjective well-being (SWB), and investigating the moderating effects of culture and age. To this end, we collected data from 85 studies, with 27,562 participants of varying ages and cultures. Meta-analysis results indicate that affiliative and self-enhancing humor enhances SWB, whereas aggressive and self-defeating humor damages SWB. Culture and age do not moderate the relation between humor styles and SWB. We discuss implications for better understanding of the relationships among culture, age, humor, and SWB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Jiang
- Department of Organization and Human Resources Management, Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing, China
| | - Su Lu
- Division of Psychology, De Montfort University, Leicester, United Kingdom.,Department of Human Resource and Organizational Behavior, University of International Business and Economics, Beijing, China
| | - Tonglin Jiang
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Heqi Jia
- Department of Organization and Human Resources Management, Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing, China
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17
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Love ZM, Bowler JL, Bowler MC. The influence of humor on workplace mentoring and employee attitudes. SOCIAL BEHAVIOR AND PERSONALITY 2020. [DOI: 10.2224/sbp.8459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Organizations are under continual pressure to cultivate an environment in which employees feel valued and committed, and mentoring provides one channel through which this may be achieved. In particular, the dynamics characterizing the mentoring relationship are of paramount importance.
In the current study of 108 direct-care staff at a psychiatric hospital, we investigated the influence of 2 aspects of these dynamics—mentor humor style and the frequency with which humor is used—on protégé satisfaction with the mentoring relationship and on several
key work-related outcomes (i. e., organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and turnover intentions). Overall, mentor humor style and frequency were both positively associated with protégés' mentoring satisfaction. Furthermore, mentoring satisfaction favorably influenced protégés'
affective organizational commitment and job satisfaction, both of which were inversely related to their turnover intentions. Theoretical and practical implications of these results, along with the role of indirect effects, are discussed.
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18
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Salavera C, Usán P, Teruel P. The Mediating Role of Positive and Negative Affects in the Relationship Between Self-Esteem and Happiness. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2020; 13:355-361. [PMID: 32425623 PMCID: PMC7196210 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s240917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Affects, both positive and negative, can act as mediators between self-esteem and happiness. The present study is undertaken among 812 university students in order to examine the relationship between these variables. Methods The sample included 812 university students – 361 men (44.46%) and 451 women (55.54%) – who participated voluntarily. The Positive and Negative Affect Scale, Subjective Happiness Scale and Self-Esteem Scale were the instruments used in this study. Results The results revealed that men have greater self-esteem and positive affects, while women scored higher in terms of subjective happiness. The analysis revealed a significant correlation between the variables under analysis. Positive affects show a strong positive correlation between self-esteem and happiness, while negative affects show a negative correlation. Mediation analysis suggests that affects, both positive and negative, mediate the relationship between self-esteem and subjective happiness. The results of this study may present us with new perspectives concerning the role that affects play between self-esteem and happiness. Conclusion The data present evidence of the mediating role-played by affects, both positive and negative, in the relationship between self-esteem and happiness. More research is needed to examine to what extent these results can be extrapolated, and how to design measures to improve psychological health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Salavera
- Research Group OPIICS, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Faculty of Education, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pablo Usán
- Research Group OPIICS, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Faculty of Education, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pilar Teruel
- Research Group OPIICS, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Faculty of Education, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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Gori A, Topino E. Predisposition to Change Is Linked to Job Satisfaction: Assessing the Mediation Roles of Workplace Relation Civility and Insight. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17062141. [PMID: 32210195 PMCID: PMC7143367 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17062141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The globalization processes typical of liquid modern society require organizations to have high levels of flexibility, dynamism, and rapidity of change, testing the adaptability of workers with possible repercussions on well-being and productivity. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the role of several psychological factors in favoring job satisfaction in a group of organizational workers (mean age = 46.24; SD = 9.99; 40.9% males and 59.1% females). Firstly, the impact of predisposition to change on job satisfaction through workplace relational civility (others with me) or insight orientation as independent mediating variables was analyzed. After that, this relationship was also studied by testing the effect that the simultaneous interaction of both mediators could have. Results show that workplace relational civility (others with me) significantly mediated the relationship between predisposition to change and job satisfaction, while no significance was found in the effect of insight when considered individually. However, the latter acquires greater relevance if placed in interaction with the other mediator, that is found to be the most proximal factor linking job satisfaction to the other more distal variables. Such findings might have a relevant role in strengthening preventive intervening, favoring positive results for greater well-being of both subjects and organizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Gori
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, via di San Salvi 12, pad. 26, 50135 Firenze, Italy
- Department of Human Sciences, LUMSA University of Rome, Via della Traspontina 21, 00193 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-3479693103
| | - Eleonora Topino
- Department of Human Sciences, LUMSA University of Rome, Via della Traspontina 21, 00193 Rome, Italy;
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20
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Fritz HL. Why are humor styles associated with well-being, and does social competence matter? Examining relations to psychological and physical well-being, reappraisal, and social support. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2019.109641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Trait cheerfulness, seriousness, and bad mood outperform personality traits of the five-factor model in explaining variance in humor behaviors and well-being among adolescents. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-020-00629-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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22
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The combinative role of traits cheerfulness and seriousness relating to resiliency and well-being: A moderated mediation model. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2019.109515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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23
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Shank DB, Graves C, Gott A, Gamez P, Rodriguez S. Feeling our way to machine minds: People's emotions when perceiving mind in artificial intelligence. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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24
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Karakowsky L, Podolsky M, Elangovan AR. Signaling trustworthiness: The effect of leader humor on feedback-seeking behavior. The Journal of Social Psychology 2019; 160:170-189. [PMID: 31156058 DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2019.1620161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Given its capacity to cultivate a range of positive outcomes in the workplace, humor has been recognized as a valuable tool for leadership purposes. However, the theoretical understanding of leader humor remains relatively limited and the mechanism through which it influences follower outcomes has not been clearly identified. Drawing on signaling theory, we developed and empirically tested a model which delineates the relationship between leader humor and a specific follower behavior - proactive feedback seeking. We collected data from 304 employees and their respective leaders working in a large Canadian retail organization. Results of our analyses indicate that leader humor can impact subordinate feedback-seeking behavior via its influence on subordinates' affect-based and cognition-based trust in the leader.
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Affiliation(s)
- Len Karakowsky
- York University, School of Administrative Studies, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mark Podolsky
- York University, School of Human Resource Management, Toronto, Canada
| | - A R Elangovan
- University of Victoria, Peter B. Gustavson School of Business, Canada
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Lee KK. An indirect debiasing method: Priming a target attribute reduces judgmental biases in likelihood estimations. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212609. [PMID: 30845187 PMCID: PMC6405187 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the underlying psychological process that leads to a bias is crucial for developing remedies to correct or reduce the bias. As one of the psychological processes that underlie judgmental biases, attribute substitution provides an explanation as to why people rely on heuristics and commit judgmental biases. Attribute substitution occurs when people make a judgment that requires the use of a target attribute, but make the judgment using a heuristic attribute that comes more readily to mind. This substitution inevitably introduces systematic errors because these two attributes are different. The current work explores an indirect debiasing method-the priming of a target attribute. Across three experiments, we demonstrate that priming a target attribute in prior tasks reduces judgmental biases in likelihood estimations: ratio-bias and base-rate neglect. However, this outcome only occurs when participants have enough cognitive resources. When they experience cognitive load, the priming of the target attribute does not reduce their judgmental biases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Kiyeon Lee
- Department of Marketing, McDonough School of Business, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
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26
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Yip JA, Schweitzer ME. Losing your temper and your perspective: Anger reduces perspective-taking. ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR AND HUMAN DECISION PROCESSES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.obhdp.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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27
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Hofmann J, Carretero-Dios H, Carrell A. Assessing the Temperamental Basis of the Sense of Humor: Adaptation of the English Language Version of the State-Trait Cheerfulness Inventory Long and Standard Form. Front Psychol 2018; 9:2255. [PMID: 30538649 PMCID: PMC6277566 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The State-Trait Model of Cheerfulness assesses the temperamental basis of the sense of humor with the traits and respective states of cheerfulness, seriousness, and bad mood. Cheerfulness is a dominant factor in current measures of the sense of humor and explains both, the disposition to engaging in smiling and laughter, as well as humor behaviors, and trait seriousness and bad mood are antagonistic to the elicitation of amusement (albeit for different reasons). Several studies have shown the validity and reliability of the STCI questionnaire in German and other language versions (i.e., Spanish). In this study, the English language version with 106 items (STCI-T <106>) was translated, checked for its item and scale characteristics, and tested with a confirmatory factor analysis approach (N = 1101) to investigate the factorial validity of the STCI-T <106> scale. Results show good psychometric characteristics, good internal consistencies, and a fit to the postulated underlying structure of the STCI-T. Then, the standard form with 60 items (STCI-T <60>) was developed and the psychometric characteristics initially tested. In an independent sample (N = 169), the characteristics of the standard form were compared to the parent form and German equivalent. It showed good psychometric characteristics, internal consistencies, as well as a good self- and peer-report congruence. To conclude, the STCI-T <106> is the measure of choice for the assessment of the temperamental basis of the sense of humor and the separate facets of the traits, while the standard form (60 items) allows of an economic assessment of cheerfulness, seriousness, and bad mood, free of context-saturated items and humor preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Hofmann
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hugo Carretero-Dios
- Department of Research Methods in Behavioral Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Amy Carrell
- Department of English, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, OK, United States
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Wu CL, Zhong S, Chan YC, Chen HC, He Y. White-Matter Structural Connectivity in Relation to Humor Styles: An Exploratory Study. Front Psychol 2018; 9:1654. [PMID: 30233473 PMCID: PMC6131631 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the potential relationship between white matter (WM) microstructure and humor styles, diffusion tensor images of brain WM and humor style tendencies were obtained from thirty healthy adults. Using connectivity efficiency measures from graph theoretical analysis and controlling for the influence of gender, age, educational level, and the big five personality traits, we preliminarily examined the prediction of humor styles from brain network efficiency. The results showed that the local efficiency within particular brain networks positively predicted a self-enhancing humor style and negatively predicted an aggressive humor style. The node efficiency of the left superior temporal gyrus distinguished the benevolent or hostile way that individuals coped with interpersonal embarrassment. These findings from this exploratory study support the hypothesis that WM structure influences humor styles, and provide the initial evidence and implications regarding the relationship between biological mechanisms and mental health for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Lin Wu
- Program of Learning Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute for Research Excellence in Learning Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Suyu Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.,IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Chen Chan
- Institute for Research Excellence in Learning Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Chinese Language and Technology Center, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Chih Chen
- Institute for Research Excellence in Learning Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Chinese Language and Technology Center, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yong He
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.,IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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Schwartz A, Eyal T, Tamir M. Emotions and the big picture: The effects of construal level on emotional preferences. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Amani M, Shabahang MJ. The relationship of sensation seeking and social desirability with humor styles among Iranian salespersons. INTERPERSONA: AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS 2018. [DOI: 10.5964/ijpr.v12i1.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the different effects of adaptive and maladaptive humor on social interactions especially on workplaces, contradictory findings of sensation seeking for forming new relationships, and salespersons' tendency for being demanded and suitable for more sales, it is important to investigate how sensation seeking and social desirability along with background characteristics predict humor styles. The study sample included 150 Iranian salespersons selected through cluster sampling. The study had a correlation research design which drew on the three instruments of Arnett Inventory of Sensation Seeking (AISS), Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale (MCSDS) and Humor Style Questionnaire (HSQ). The regression analysis findings showed that income level and gender were significant predictors of the humor style of affiliative. Additionally, only sensation seeking was found to be a significant predictor of self-enhancing. The humor style of aggressive was predicted by education level, gender, and social desirability. The humor style of self-defeating was also predicted by job experience, education level, gender and social desirability. It seems that personality traits such as sensation seeking along with social status can predict humor styles.
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31
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James LA, Fox CL. Longitudinal associations between younger children's humour styles and psychosocial adjustment. BRITISH JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2018; 36:589-605. [PMID: 29604106 DOI: 10.1111/bjdp.12244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Whilst a multitude of studies have examined links between different styles of humour and aspects of adjustment, longitudinal research is noticeably lacking. Following a study which identified bidirectional associations between humour styles and psychosocial adjustment in older children, the current research aimed to investigate these associations in younger children. In total, 413 children aged 8-11 years completed the humour styles questionnaire for younger children (HSQ-Y) alongside measures of psychosocial adjustment in both the autumn and the summer over the course of a school year. Findings across the school year suggested that children's adjustment may impact significantly on their use of different styles of humour. Further longitudinal research over a longer time period would now be beneficial to further increase our understanding of the associations between humour styles and adjustment throughout development. Statement of contribution What is already known on this subject? Research has identified associations between children's humour styles and psychosocial adjustment. Research with older children has also identified longitudinal associations. What does this study add? This is the first study to identify longitudinal associations between humour styles and adjustment in younger children. This allows for stronger statements to be made about causal relationships.
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Salavera C, Usán P, Jarie L. Styles of humor and social skills in students. Gender differences. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-017-9770-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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33
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Yip JA, Schweitzer ME, Nurmohamed S. Trash-talking: Competitive incivility motivates rivalry, performance, and unethical behavior. ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR AND HUMAN DECISION PROCESSES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.obhdp.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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34
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Rode JC, Arthaud-Day M, Ramaswami A, Howes S. A time-lagged study of emotional intelligence and salary. JOURNAL OF VOCATIONAL BEHAVIOR 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvb.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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35
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Wang RW, Kuo HC, Chuang SW. Humor drawings evoked temporal and spectral EEG processes. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2017; 12:1359-1376. [PMID: 28402573 PMCID: PMC5597898 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsx054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to explore the humor processing elicited through the manipulation of artistic drawings. Using the Comprehension-Elaboration Theory of humor as the main research background, the experiment manipulated the head portraits of celebrities based on the independent variables of facial deformation (large/small) and addition of affective features (positive/negative). A 64-channel electroencephalography was recorded in 30 participants while viewing the incongruous drawings of celebrities. The electroencephalography temporal and spectral responses were measured during the three stages of humor which included incongruity detection, incongruity comprehension and elaboration of humor. Analysis of event-related potentials indicated that for humorous vs non-humorous drawings, facial deformation and the addition of affective features significantly affected the degree of humor elicited, specifically: large > small deformation; negative > positive affective features. The N170, N270, N400, N600-800 and N900-1200 components showed significant differences, particularly in the right prefrontal and frontal regions. Analysis of event-related spectral perturbation showed significant differences in the theta band evoked in the anterior cingulate cortex, parietal region and posterior cingulate cortex; and in the alpha and beta bands in the motor areas. These regions are involved in emotional processing, memory retrieval, and laughter and feelings of amusement induced by elaboration of the situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina W.Y. Wang
- Design Perceptual Awareness Lab (D:PAL)
- The Department of Industrial and Communication Design
| | - Hsien-Chu Kuo
- Design Perceptual Awareness Lab (D:PAL)
- The Department of Industrial and Communication Design
| | - Shang-Wen Chuang
- Design Perceptual Awareness Lab (D:PAL)
- Taiwan Building Technology Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology (Taiwan Tech), Taipei, Taiwan
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36
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Boily R, Kingston SE, Montgomery JM. Trait and Ability Emotional Intelligence in Adolescents With and Without Autism Spectrum Disorder. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/0829573517717160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Social-emotional impairments are considered core symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Although numerous interventions have been developed to remediate the social deficits in children with ASD, few have been designed to meet the needs of youth. Given research demonstrating relations between emotional intelligence (EI) and social outcomes in adults with Asperger Syndrome (AS), the current study examined both trait and ability EI to elucidate the nature of the EI strengths and impairments in youth with and without ASD. Twenty-five adolescents with ASD and 25 adolescents without ASD aged 13 to 17 years completed measures of ability and trait EI. Findings suggest that aspects of both trait and ability EI were significantly weaker in adolescents with ASD compared with typically developing adolescents. Implications, limitations, and future research are discussed.
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37
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Sun P, Chen JJ, Jiang H. Coping Humor as a Mediator Between Emotional Intelligence and Job Satisfaction. JOURNAL OF PERSONNEL PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1027/1866-5888/a000185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. This study investigated the mediating role of coping humor in the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and job satisfaction. Participants were 398 primary school teachers in China, who completed the Wong Law Emotional Intelligence Scale, Coping Humor Scale, and Overall Job Satisfaction Scale. Results showed that coping humor was a significant mediator between EI and job satisfaction. A further examination revealed, however, that coping humor only mediated two sub-dimensions of EI (use of emotion and regulation of emotion) and job satisfaction. Implications for future research and limitations of the study are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peizhen Sun
- Department of Psychology, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jennifer J. Chen
- Program of Early Childhood and Family Studies, College of Education, Kean University, Union, NJ, USA
| | - Hongyan Jiang
- School of Management, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
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38
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Yang I, Kitchen PJ, Bacouel-Jentjens S. How to promote relationship-building leadership at work? A comparative exploration of leader humor behavior between North America and China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09585192.2015.1089065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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39
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Meyer NA, Helle AC, Tucker RP, Lengel GJ, DeShong HL, Wingate LR, Mullins-Sweatt SN. Humor styles moderate borderline personality traits and suicide ideation. Psychiatry Res 2017; 249:337-342. [PMID: 28152468 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The way individuals use humor to interact interpersonally has been associated with general personality, depression, and suicidality. Certain humor styles may moderate the risk for suicide ideation (SI) in individuals who are high in specific risk factors (e.g., thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness). Previous research suggests a relationship between humor styles and borderline personality disorder (BPD) and an increased risk of suicidality and suicide completion in individuals with BPD. Participants (n =176) completed measures of BPD traits, SI, and humor styles. It was hypothesized that BPD traits would be positively correlated with negative humor styles and negatively correlated with positive humor styles, and that humor styles would significantly moderate BPD traits and SI. Results showed that BPD traits were negatively correlated with self-enhancing humor styles and positively correlated with self-defeating humor styles, but that they were not significantly correlated with affiliative or aggressive humor styles. Bootstrapping analyses demonstrated that the affiliative, self-enhancing, and self-defeating humor styles significantly moderated BPD traits and SI, while the aggressive humor style did not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil A Meyer
- Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Ashley C Helle
- Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Raymond P Tucker
- Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Gregory J Lengel
- Department of Psychology, Drake University, Des Moines, Iowa, United States
| | - Hilary L DeShong
- Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States
| | - LaRicka R Wingate
- Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States
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The Use of Bright and Dark Types of Humour is Rooted in the Brain. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42967. [PMID: 28211496 PMCID: PMC5314334 DOI: 10.1038/srep42967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The ways in which humour can be used are related to the manifold interpersonal functions humour can serve, some of which are positive, and some negative. In the present study, phasic changes in the functional coupling of prefrontal and posterior cortex (EEG coherence) during other people’s auditory displays of happy and sad mood were recorded to predict people’s typical use of humour in social interactions. Greater use of benevolent humour, the intentions of which are in keeping with the characteristics of “laughing-with” humour, was associated with greater decreases of prefrontal-posterior coupling during the processing of happy laughter. More loose prefrontal-posterior coupling indicates loosening of control of the prefrontal cortex over the incoming perceptual information, thereby opening up the perceptual gate and allowing the brain to become more affected by the social-emotional signals. Greater use of humour styles linked to malicious intentions of “laughing-at” humour was associated with responses indicating a wider opened perceptual gate during the processing of other people’s crying. The findings are consistent with the idea that typical humour styles develop in line with the rewarding values of their outcomes (e.g., interaction partners are happy or hurt), which in turn are defined through the individuals’ latent interpersonal goals.
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García-Sancho E, Salguero JM, Fernández-Berrocal P. Ability emotional intelligence and its relation to aggression across time and age groups. Scand J Psychol 2016; 58:43-51. [DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - José M. Salguero
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment; University of Malaga; Spain
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43
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DiDonato TE, Jakubiak BK. Strategically Funny: Romantic Motives Affect Humor Style in Relationship Initiation. EUROPES JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2016; 12:390-405. [PMID: 27547256 PMCID: PMC4991047 DOI: 10.5964/ejop.v12i3.1105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Not all humor is the same, yet little is known about the appeal of specific humor styles in romantic initiation. The current experimental study addresses this gap by investigating how romantic motives (short-term or long-term) affect individuals' anticipated use of, and response to, positive humor and negative humor. Heterosexual participants (n = 224) imagined the pursuit of either a desired short-term or long-term relationship, indicated the extent to which they would produce positive and negative humor, and reported how their own interest would change in response to the imaginary target's use of positive or negative humor. Results revealed that individuals are strategic in their humor production as a function of relational motives. Individuals produced positive humor in both contexts but limited their use of negative humor when pursuing a long-term relationship. The target's positive humor increased individuals' attraction, especially women's, and although negative humor boosted attraction, it did not boost attraction more for short-term than long-term relationships. Findings extend a trait-indicator model of humor and their implications are discussed in light of other theoretical perspectives.
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Uysal R. SOCIAL COMPETENCE AND PSYCHOLOGICAL VULNERABILITY: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF FLOURISHING. Psychol Rep 2015; 117:554-65. [PMID: 26340049 DOI: 10.2466/21.pr0.117c18z2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study examined whether flourishing mediated the social competence and psychological vulnerability. Participants were 259 university students (147 women, 112 men; M age = 21.3 yr., SD = 1.7) who completed the Turkish versions of the Perceived Social Competence Scale, the Flourishing Scale, and the Psychological Vulnerability Scale. Mediation models were tested using the bootstrapping method to examine indirect effects. Consistent with the hypotheses, the results indicated a positive relationship between social competence and flourishing, and a negative relationship between social competence and psychological vulnerability. Results of the bootstrapping method revealed that flourishing significantly mediated the relationship between social competence and psychological vulnerability. The significance and limitations of the results were discussed.
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How Other-Oriented Perfectionism Differs from Self-Oriented and Socially Prescribed Perfectionism: Further Findings. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10862-015-9485-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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47
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Esseily R, Rat-Fischer L, Somogyi E, O'Regan KJ, Fagard J. Humour production may enhance observational learning of a new tool-use action in 18-month-old infants. Cogn Emot 2015; 30:817-25. [PMID: 25965997 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2015.1036840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have shown that making children laugh enhances certain cognitive capacities such as attention, motivation, perception and/or memory, which in turn enhance learning. However, no study thus far has investigated whether laughing has an effect on learning earlier in infancy. The goal of this study was to see whether using humour with young infants in a demonstration of a complex tool-use task can enhance their learning. Fifty-three 18-month-old infants participated in this study and were included either in a humorous or a control demonstration group. In both groups infants observed an adult using a tool to retrieve an out-of-reach toy. What differed between groups was that in the humorous demonstration group, instead of playing with the toy, the adult threw it on the floor immediately after retrieval. The results show that infants who laughed at the demonstration in the humorous demonstration group reproduced significantly more frequent target actions than infants who did not laugh and those in the control group. This effect is discussed with regard to individual differences in terms of temperament and social capacities as well as positive emotion and dopamine release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Esseily
- a Laboratoire Ethologie, Cognition, Développement , Université Paris Ouest Nanterre , La Défense , Nanterre , France
| | - Lauriane Rat-Fischer
- b Laboratoire Psychologie de la Perception , Université Paris Descartes , Paris , France
| | - Eszter Somogyi
- b Laboratoire Psychologie de la Perception , Université Paris Descartes , Paris , France
| | - Kevin John O'Regan
- b Laboratoire Psychologie de la Perception , Université Paris Descartes , Paris , France
| | - Jacqueline Fagard
- b Laboratoire Psychologie de la Perception , Université Paris Descartes , Paris , France
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Howell KH, Miller-Graff LE. Protective factors associated with resilient functioning in young adulthood after childhood exposure to violence. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2014; 38:1985-94. [PMID: 25459988 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2014.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Children may be subjected to many forms of violence and a significant number will experience multiple victimizations. These children are at high risk for developing psychological and emotional difficulties that may last into adulthood. Despite the increased risk for psychopathology, a substantial percentage of young adults exhibit resilient functioning following a history of childhood violence. This study examines the role of social support, spirituality, and emotional intelligence in promoting resilience during emerging adulthood. Participants included 321 young adult American college students, age 18-24, who experienced childhood violence, including community violence, interpersonal aggression, child maltreatment, peer/sibling victimization, and/or sexual assault. Findings revealed that this sample was highly victimized, with an average of 9 violent experiences reported during childhood. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicated that after controlling for exposure to childhood victimization, other potentially traumatic events, and current depression and anxiety symptoms, higher resilience during emerging adulthood was associated with greater spirituality, greater emotional intelligence, and support from friends (but not from family). Findings suggest that the potency of protective factors outweighs that of adversity and psychopathology when predicting resilient functioning. By identifying variables that can enhance resilience, this study offers unique insight into how functioning may be improved by both individual and environmental factors.
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49
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Fox CL, Hunter SC, Jones SE. The Relationship Between Peer Victimization and Children's Humor Styles: It's No Laughing Matter! SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/sode.12099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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50
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Carretero-Dios H, Benítez I, Delgado-Rico E, Ruch W, López-Benítez R. Temperamental basis of sense of humor: The Spanish long form of the trait version of the State-Trait-Cheerfulness-Inventory. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2014.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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