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Graves BD, Fendrich M. Community-based substance use treatment programs for reentering justice-involved adults: A scoping review. DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE REPORTS 2024; 10:100221. [PMID: 38425420 PMCID: PMC10901914 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Introduction For adults involved with the criminal justice system who are reentering their communities post-incarceration, there is a large need for community-based substance use treatment. Little is known, however, about the types, availability, and benefits of programs targeting the reentry population in community settings that operate independently from the criminal justice system. Methods We conducted a scoping review of community-based treatment programs for substance use among reentering justice-involved adults to examine the contemporary state of literature and identify research gaps. We searched four databases for peer-reviewed articles conducted in the United States and published between 2017 and 2021. Results The final sample included 58 articles. Interventions varied, but the two most prominent were medications for opioid use disorder (35%) and peer support or social support interventions (22.4%). Studies were more likely to show positive impact on substance use outcomes than criminal justice outcomes. Themes were identified around participant characteristics, treatment delivery, and treatment benefits. Conclusions Findings from this scoping review suggest that the range of evidence-based strategies for substance use treatment targeting the reentry population is growing, but there is a need for additional research that examines implementation, cost effectiveness, and racial/ethnic disparities.
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Tadpatrikar A, Sharma S, Sharma MK, Bhargav H, Anand N, Mishra P. An Integrated Yoga and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Intervention for Managing Excessive Use of Internet among the Youth: A Case Series. Int J Yoga 2023; 16:56-60. [PMID: 37583538 PMCID: PMC10424269 DOI: 10.4103/ijoy.ijoy_47_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Internet addiction is a behavioral problem that is managed by pharmacological and nonpharmacological methods. The nonpharmacological methods focus on enhancing skills for healthy use of technology and promoting mindfulness and mental relaxation. Yoga therapy is an effective tool to reduce psychological stress and promote self-regulation and mindfulness. Thus, present work focused on developing an integrated yoga and cognitive behavioral therapy intervention (Y-CBT) for the management of excessive use of technology amongst adolescents and young adult students. Methods Feasibility of the Y-CBT program was tested by implementing 10 sessions of yoga and 6 sessions of CBT program for 2 weeks by certified Yoga therapist and psychologist, respectively. This was followed by online booster sessions once a week, and post assessments were conducted at 12 weeks. A total of 4 college-going students with the excessive use of technology were recruited from tertiary specialty service for promotion of healthy use of technology. Each participant was assessed using short-version of internet addiction test (s-IAT), Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version, Kessler's Psychological distress scale for baseline, and follow-up assessment after completion of the program. Results The Y-CBT program was found feasible and useful in reducing internet use, smart phone use, and psychological distress. There were no reported side-effects. A trend was observed for increase compliance toward treatment at follow-up. Future studies should explore this further with robust methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini Tadpatrikar
- Service for Healthy Use of Technology Clinic, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Shubham Sharma
- Service for Healthy Use of Technology Clinic, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Sharma
- Department of Clinical Psychology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Hemant Bhargav
- Department of Integrative Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Nitin Anand
- Department of Clinical Psychology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Prashant Mishra
- Sankalp Mental Health Care Center, Base Hospital, Indo Tibetan Border Police Force, New Delhi, India
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Tibbitts DC, Aicher SA, Sugg J, Handloser K, Eisman L, Booth LD, Bradley RD. Program evaluation of trauma-informed yoga for vulnerable populations. EVALUATION AND PROGRAM PLANNING 2021; 88:101946. [PMID: 33901773 PMCID: PMC8325936 DOI: 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2021.101946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trauma is highly prevalent among vulnerable populations, including those who are incarcerated, in treatment for substance use, or seeking mental health services. Trauma-informed yoga seeks to create a safer yoga practice for individuals with a trauma history and may improve emotional and physical wellbeing. Thus, we conducted an evaluation of a trauma-informed yoga program to gain insight into participant experiences. METHODS Trauma-informed yoga classes were led by trained volunteers and held in three sectors that work with vulnerable populations: corrections and reentry, substance use treatment and recovery, and community and mental health. Data were collected via anonymous survey using a retrospective pre-post design. The survey instrument captured reasons for student participation and perceived effects of yoga on emotional and physical wellbeing. RESULTS Students were motivated to participate in yoga classes by expectations of physical, mental, and spiritual benefit. Students reported perceived improvements in emotional and physical wellbeing and greater use of self-regulation skills after starting yoga. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest trauma-informed yoga is perceived as beneficial by vulnerable individuals, especially those in the correctional system or recovering from substance use. Our results support the value of offering trauma-informed yoga in institutionalized and community settings. Improvements in emotional and physical wellbeing warrant formal study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanne C Tibbitts
- Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, 049 SW Porter Street, Portland, OR, 97201, USA.
| | - Sue A Aicher
- Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA; Living Yoga (Board of Directors: SAA, JS, Staff: LE, LDB, Volunteer: KH), 5100 SW Macadam Ave., Suite 360, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
| | - Judith Sugg
- Living Yoga (Board of Directors: SAA, JS, Staff: LE, LDB, Volunteer: KH), 5100 SW Macadam Ave., Suite 360, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
| | - Kimberlee Handloser
- Living Yoga (Board of Directors: SAA, JS, Staff: LE, LDB, Volunteer: KH), 5100 SW Macadam Ave., Suite 360, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
| | - Liz Eisman
- Living Yoga (Board of Directors: SAA, JS, Staff: LE, LDB, Volunteer: KH), 5100 SW Macadam Ave., Suite 360, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
| | - Lauren D Booth
- Living Yoga (Board of Directors: SAA, JS, Staff: LE, LDB, Volunteer: KH), 5100 SW Macadam Ave., Suite 360, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
| | - Ryan D Bradley
- Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, 049 SW Porter Street, Portland, OR, 97201, USA.
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Moonaz S, Nault D, Cramer H, Ward L. CLARIFY 2021: explanation and elaboration of the Delphi-based guidelines for the reporting of yoga research. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e045812. [PMID: 34353794 PMCID: PMC8344321 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reporting of yoga research often lacks the detail required for clinical application, study replication, summary research and comparative effectiveness studies. METHODS To improve the transparency of reporting yoga interventions, and building on the development of previous reporting guidelines, a group of international yoga research stakeholders developed the consensus-based CheckList stAndardising the Reporting of Interventions For Yoga (CLARIFY) guidelines. RESULTS The 21-item CLARIFY checklist outlines the minimum details considered necessary for high-quality reporting of yoga research. This paper provides a detailed explanation of each of the 21 items of the CLARIFY checklist, together with model examples of how to integrate each item into publications of yoga research. The CLARIFY guideline serves as an extension for existing research reporting guidelines, and is flexible for use across all study designs. CONCLUSION We strongly encourage the uptake of these reporting guidelines by researchers and journals, to facilitate improvements in the transparency and utility of yoga research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffany Moonaz
- Department of Integrative Health Research, Maryland University of Integrative Health, Laurel, Maryland, USA
| | - Daryl Nault
- Department of Integrative Health Research, Maryland University of Integrative Health, Laurel, Maryland, USA
| | - Holger Cramer
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Evang, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lesley Ward
- Department of Sport, Exercise & Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Northumberland, UK
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Wimberly AS, Ware OD, Bazell A, Sibinga EMS. Stress Among a Sample of Returning Citizens Living with HIV and Substance Use Disorder: A Mixed Methods Analysis. Community Ment Health J 2021; 57:884-897. [PMID: 32642816 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-020-00667-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This mixed-methods study asks: among a sample of returning citizens living with HIV and substance use disorder, how is stress experienced; and what are the leading stressors and stress-coping strategies? Data is from a parent study that randomized 36 people to a yoga intervention and 36 people to treatment as usual. Qualitative analysis found that securing basic life needs was more acute in early reentry, and challenges with HIV acceptance were greater among those with a more recent HIV diagnosis. Social support was the most widely employed coping strategy but many lacked social networks. Post-program, multiple regression found older age(β = - 0.38, p < .05), greater income(β = - 0.002, p < .01), shorter incarceration(β = .03, p < .01) and randomization to yoga(β = 6.92, p < .01) predicted lower levels of stress. Results indicate that reentry needs for people living with HIV and substance use disorder include basic life needs, social supports, and stress-coping interventions that address physical and mental stress symptoms (such as yoga).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Orrin D Ware
- School of Social Work, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alicia Bazell
- School of Social Work, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Gupta S, Jhanjee S, Dhawan A. Effectiveness of Interventions Based on Yogic Breathing Practices (IB-YBP) on Substance Use Disorders-A Systematic Review of the Randomized Control Trials and Quasi-Experimental Trials. Subst Use Misuse 2021; 56:1624-1641. [PMID: 34286672 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2021.1942056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Interventions based on Yogic Breathing Practices (IB-YBP) have shown promising results for substance use disorders (SUD). Research in this area is methodologically heterogeneous and only a few, but restricted, systematic reviews are available. The current systematic review aims to assess the effectiveness of IB-YBP for SUD. Materials and Methods: PubMed, Cochrane's Library, EBSCO-Medline, and Google Scholar databases were searched for the randomized- (RCTs) and quasi-randomized trials. Research involving participants with SUD, of either gender or any age, assessing the effectiveness of the IB-YBP either as a standalone intervention or as an adjuvant to standard treatment versus standard pharmacological/non-pharmacological treatment or no-intervention control were included. Studies having participants with co-morbid psychiatric illness and interventions not having IB-YBP as the predominant component were excluded. Results: The initial literature search yielded 396 articles and upon screening, only 14 studies were found eligible for this review. Most studies have researched IB-YBP as an adjunct to the standard treatment for SUD. Evidence for the effectiveness of IB-YBP is mostly available for tobacco and opioid use disorders, though only for short-term outcomes; however, literature is scarce for alcohol- and cocaine-use disorders. This review documented the effectiveness of the IB-YBP for substance use-related outcome parameters such as abstinence, quality of life (QoL), mood, craving, and withdrawal symptoms. Conclusion: IB-YBP may be an effective adjuvant to standard treatment for various SUD. However, more research is required to compare its effectiveness with standard treatment, and assessing its long-term efficacy, for it to be strongly recommended as a treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snehil Gupta
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India
| | - Sonali Jhanjee
- National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre (NDDTC) & Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anju Dhawan
- National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre (NDDTC) & Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Myers PS, Harrison EC, Rawson KS, Horin AP, Sutter EN, McNeely ME, Earhart GM. Yoga Improves Balance and Low-Back Pain, but Not Anxiety, in People with Parkinson's Disease. Int J Yoga Therap 2020; 30:41-48. [PMID: 31584838 DOI: 10.17761/2020-d-18-00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) experience postural instability, low-back pain (LBP), and anxiety. These symptoms increase the risk of falls and decrease quality of life. Research shows yoga improves balance and decreases LBP and anxiety in healthy adults, but its effects in PD are poorly understood. All participants were part of a larger intervention study. Participants received pretest and posttest evaluations, including the Balance Evaluation Systems Test (BESTest), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Revised Oswestry Disability Index (ROSW). Total scores for each measure, as well as individual balance system section scores from the BESTest (biomechanical constraints, stability limits/verticality, transitions/anticipatory, reactive, sensory orientation, and stability in gait) were compared within groups pre- to posttest. Participants in the yoga group (n = 13) completed a twice-weekly 12-week yoga interve n t i o n , whereas controls (n = 13) continued their usual routines for 12 weeks. Both the yoga (Z = -3.20, p = 0.001) and control (Z = -2.10, p = 0.040) groups improved on the BESTest total score. The control group showed no changes in individual balance systems, whereas the yoga group improved in stability limits/verticality (Z = -2.3, p = 0.020), transitions/ anticipatory (Z = -2.50, p = 0.010), reactive (Z = -2.70, p = 0.008), and sensory orientation (Z = -2.30, p = 0.020). ROSW decreased in the yoga group only (Z = -2.10, p = 0.030). BAI did not change in either group. Yoga is a nonpharmacological intervention that can improve balance and LBP in people with PD. This study demonstrated that yoga is feasible for people with PD, and participants reported high levels of enjoyment and intent to practice yoga after the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter S Myers
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine; formerly, Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis
| | - Elinor C Harrison
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine; formerly, Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis
| | - Kerri S Rawson
- Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis
| | - Adam P Horin
- Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis
| | - Ellen N Sutter
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; formerly, Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis
| | - Marie E McNeely
- Unfold Productions, LLC, St. Louis; formerly, Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, and Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis
| | - Gammon M Earhart
- Program in Physical Therapy; Department of Neurology; and Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis
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Wimberly AS, Gross R, Layde M. Effect of Yoga on Antiretroviral Adherence Postincarceration in HIV+ Individuals. JOURNAL OF CORRECTIONAL HEALTH CARE 2020; 26:83-94. [PMID: 32089078 PMCID: PMC7733694 DOI: 10.1177/1078345819897924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The negative impacts of stress on antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence and the many stressors faced by people returning from incarceration support the need for stress reduction interventions for this population. We hypothesized that 37 returning citizens living with HIV and substance use problems randomized to a 12-session weekly yoga intervention would experience improved ART adherence, lower viral loads, and lower heart rate and blood pressure as compared to 36 people randomized to treatment as usual (TAU). We found that ART adherence increased for yoga participants and decreased for TAU participants. There were no significant changes for viral load, heart rate, or blood pressure. The lack of statistically significant effects may be due to a small sample size and enrollment of people largely in HIV treatment. Studies with larger sample sizes and participants exhibiting low ART adherence are warranted to better understand yoga's impact.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Gross
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Perry AE, Martyn‐St James M, Burns L, Hewitt C, Glanville JM, Aboaja A, Thakkar P, Santosh Kumar KM, Pearson C, Wright K. Interventions for female drug-using offenders. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2019; 12:CD010910. [PMID: 31834635 PMCID: PMC6910124 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd010910.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This review represents one in a family of three reviews focusing on the effectiveness of interventions in reducing drug use and criminal activity for offenders. OBJECTIVES To assess the effectiveness of interventions for female drug-using offenders in reducing criminal activity, or drug use, or both. SEARCH METHODS We searched 12 electronic bibliographic databases up to February 2019. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs). DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We used standard methodological procedures expected by Cochrane. MAIN RESULTS We included 13 trials with 2560 participants. Interventions were delivered in prison (7/13 studies, 53%) and community (6/13 studies, 47%) settings. The rating of bias was affected by the lack of clear reporting by authors, and we rated many items as 'unclear'. In two studies (190 participants) collaborative case management in comparison to treatment as usual did not reduce drug use (risk ratio (RR) 0.65, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.20 to 2.12; 1 study, 77 participants; low-certainty evidence), reincarceration at nine months (RR 0.71, 95% CI 0.32 to 1.57; 1 study, 77 participants; low-certainty evidence), and number of subsequent arrests at 12 months (RR 1.11, 95% CI 0.83 to 1.49; 1 study, 113 participants; low-certainty evidence). One study (36 participants) comparing buprenorphine to placebo showed no significant reduction in self-reported drug use at end of treatment (RR 0.57, 95% CI 0.27 to 1.20) and three months (RR 0.58, 95% CI 0.25 to 1.35); very low-certainty evidence. No adverse events were reported. One study (38 participants) comparing interpersonal psychotherapy to a psychoeducational intervention did not find reduction in drug use at three months (RR 0.67, 95% CI 0.30 to 1.50; low-certainty evidence). One study (31 participants) comparing acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) to a waiting list showed no significant reduction in self-reported drug use using the Addiction Severity Index (mean difference (MD) -0.04, 95% CI -0.37 to 0.29) and abstinence from drug use at six months (RR 2.89, 95% CI 0.73 to 11.43); low-certainty evidence. One study (314 participants) comparing cognitive behavioural skills to a therapeutic community programme and aftercare showed no significant reduction in self-reported drug use (RR 0.86, 95% CI 0.58 to 1.27), re-arrest for any type of crime (RR 0.73, 95% CI 0.52 to 1.03); criminal activity (RR 0.80, 95% CI 0.63 to 1.03), or drug-related crime (RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.68 to 1.32). A significant reduction for arrested (not for parole) violations at six months follow-up was significantly in favour of cognitive behavioural skills (RR 0.43, 95% CI 0.25 to 0.77; very low-certainty evidence). A second study with 115 participants comparing cognitive behavioural skills to an alternative substance abuse treatment showed no significant reduction in reincarceration at 12 months (RR 0.70, 95% CI 0.43 to 1.12; low certainty-evidence. One study (44 participants) comparing cognitive behavioural skills and standard therapy versus treatment as usual showed no significant reduction in Addiction Severity Index (ASI) drug score at three months (MD 0.02, 95% CI -0.05 to 0.09) and six months (MD -0.02, 95% CI -0.09 to 0.05), and incarceration at three months (RR 0.46, 95% CI 0.04 to 4.68) and six months (RR 0.51, 95% CI 0.20 to 1.27); very low-certainty evidence. One study (171 participants) comparing a single computerised intervention versus case management showed no significant reduction in the number of days not using drugs at three months (MD -0.89, 95% CI -4.83 to 3.05; low certainty-evidence). One study (116 participants) comparing dialectic behavioural therapy and case management (DBT-CM) versus a health promotion intervention showed no significant reduction at six months follow-up in positive drug testing (RR 0.67, 95% CI 0.43 to 1.03), number of people not using marijuana (RR 1.23, 95% CI 0.95 to 1.59), crack (RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.87 to 1.14), cocaine (RR 1.02, 95% CI 0.93 to 1.12), heroin (RR 1.05, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.13), methamphetamine (RR 1.02, 95% CI 0.87 to 1.20), and self-reported drug use for any drug (RR 1.20, 95% CI 0.92 to 1.56); very low-certainty evidence. One study (211 participants) comparing a therapeutic community programme versus work release showed no significant reduction in marijuana use at six months (RR 1.03, 95% CI 0.19 to 5.65), nor 18 months (RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.07 to 14.45), heroin use at six months (RR 1.59, 95% CI 0.49 to 5.14), nor 18 months (RR 1.92, 95% CI 0.24 to 15.37), crack use at six months (RR 2.07, 95% CI 0.41 to 10.41), nor 18 months (RR 1.64, 95% CI 0.19 to 14.06), cocaine use at six months (RR 1.09, 95% CI 0.79 to 1.50), nor 18 months (RR 0.93, 95% CI 0.64 to 1.35). It also showed no significant reduction in incarceration for drug offences at 18 months (RR 1.45, 95% CI 0.87 to 2.42); with overall very low- to low-certainty evidence. One study (511 participants) comparing intensive discharge planning and case management versus prison only showed no significant reduction in use of marijuana (RR 0.79, 95% CI 0.53 to 1.16), hard drugs (RR 1.12, 95% CI 0.88 to 1.43), crack cocaine (RR 1.08, 95% CI 0.75 to 1.54), nor positive hair testing for marijuana (RR 0.75, 95% CI 0.55 to 1.03); it found a significant reduction in arrests (RR 0.19, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.87), but no significant reduction in drug charges (RR 1.07, 95% CI 0.75 to 1.53) nor incarceration (RR 1.09, 95% CI 0.86 to 1.39); moderate-certainty evidence. One narrative study summary (211 participants) comparing buprenorphine pre- and post-release from prison showed no significant reduction in drug use at 12 months post-release; low certainty-evidence. No adverse effects were reported. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS The studies showed a high degree of heterogeneity for types of comparisons, outcome measures and small samples. Descriptions of treatment modalities are required. On one outcome of arrest (no parole violations), we identified a significant reduction when cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) was compared to a therapeutic community programme. But for all other outcomes, none of the interventions were effective. Larger trials are required to increase the precision of confidence about the certainty of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda E Perry
- University of YorkDepartment of Health SciencesHeslingtonYorkUKYO105DD
| | - Marrissa Martyn‐St James
- University of SheffieldSchool of Health and Related Research (ScHARR)Regent Court, 30 Regent StreetSheffieldSouth YorkshireUKS1 4DA
| | - Lucy Burns
- University of YorkDepartment of Health SciencesHeslingtonYorkUKYO105DD
| | - Catherine Hewitt
- University of YorkDepartment of Health SciencesHeslingtonYorkUKYO105DD
| | - Julie M Glanville
- York Health Economics ConsortiumMarket SquareUniversity of York, HeslingtonYorkUKYO10 5NH
| | - Anne Aboaja
- Tees, Esk and Wear Valleys NHS Foundation TrustMiddlesbroughUKTS4 3AF
| | | | | | - Caroline Pearson
- University of YorkDepartment of Health SciencesHeslingtonYorkUKYO105DD
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Wimberly AS. How yoga impacts the substance use of people living with HIV who are in reentry from prison or jail: A qualitative study. Complement Ther Med 2019; 47:102074. [PMID: 31780010 PMCID: PMC6886577 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2019.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Nascent research reflects the promise of yoga as a complementary treatment for substance use. While putative mechanisms behind yoga's impact on substance use have been proposed, the research is limited. This manuscript aims to determine how a hatha yoga intervention impacts the substance use of people who are in reentry from prison or jail (returning citizens), and living with HIV and substance use problems. DESIGN Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 28 returning citizens who participated in a yoga intervention. Guided by a qualitative descriptive methodology, thematic analysis was used to identify themes that answered how yoga impacted participant substance use. SETTING A community organization in Philadelphia, PA, USA that connects people to health services, provides education and supportive services, and advocates for people with criminal justice involvement. INTERVENTION A 90-minute hatha yoga class offered once a week for 12 weeks. RESULTS Fourteen participants reported that yoga either reduced substance use or maintained non-use, via the mechanisms of purposeful distraction, stress coping (by cultivating mindfulness and reducing physical discomfort), social support and confidence. Eleven participants reported that yoga did not impact their substance use. Three participants did not discuss it. CONCLUSIONS By providing purposeful distraction, increased stress coping, social support and confidence; yoga may reduce substance use and maintain engagement in recovery. These mechanistic actions provide guidance for themes to highlight in yoga classes that aim to impact substance use among returning citizens living with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra S Wimberly
- University of Maryland School of Social Work, 525 W. Redwood St., Baltimore, MD 21212, United States.
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Dunne EM, Balletto BL, Donahue ML, Feulner MM, DeCosta J, Cruess DG, Salmoirago-Blotcher E, Wing RR, Carey MP, Scott-Sheldon LAJ. The benefits of yoga for people living with HIV/AIDS: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2018; 34:157-164. [PMID: 30712721 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) often experience psychological stress associated with disease management. This meta-analysis examines the benefits of yoga interventions on psychological distress among PLWHA. METHODS Included were studies that (a) evaluated a yoga intervention in PLWHA; (b) provided between-group or within-group changes; and (c) assessed a psychological, physiological, or biomedical outcome. RESULTS Seven studies sampling 396 PLWHA (M age = 42 years, SD = 5 years; 40% women) met inclusion criteria. PLWHA who received yoga interventions reported significant improvements in perceived stress (d+ = 0.80, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 0.53, 1.07), positive affect (d + = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.49, 0.98), and anxiety (d+ = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.27, 1.14) compared to controls. CONCLUSION Yoga is a promising intervention for stress management. However, the literature is limited by the small number of studies. Randomized controlled trials with objective measures of HIV-related outcomes are needed to further evaluate the benefits of yoga.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene M Dunne
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA; Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Brittany L Balletto
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Marissa L Donahue
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Melissa M Feulner
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Julie DeCosta
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | - Elena Salmoirago-Blotcher
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA; Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Rena R Wing
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA; Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Michael P Carey
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA; Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Lori A J Scott-Sheldon
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA; Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
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