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Barany A, Fuentes J, Valderrama V, Broz-Ruiz A, Martínez-Rodríguez G, Mancera JM. Oral cortisol and dexamethasone intake: Differential physiology and transcriptional responses in the marine juvenile Sparus aurata. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2023; 344:114371. [PMID: 37640145 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2023.114371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
This study approached the long-term oral administration of cortisol (F) and dexamethasone (DEX), two synthetic glucocorticoids, compared to a control group (CT) in the juveniles of a marine teleost, the gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). Physiologically, DEX treatment impaired growth, which appears to be linked to carbohydrate allocation in muscle and liver, hepatic triglycerides depletion, and reduced hematocrit. Hypophyseal gh mRNA expression was 2-fold higher in DEX than in CT or F groups. Similarly, hypothalamic trh and hypophyseal pomcb followed this pattern. Plasma cortisol levels were significantly lower in DEX than in CT, while F presented intermediate levels. In the posterior intestine, measured short circuit-current (Isc) was more anion absorptive in CT and F compared to the DEX group, whereas Isc remained unaffected in the anterior intestine. The derived transepithelial electric resistance (TEER) significantly differed between intestinal regions in the DEX group. These results provide new insights to understand better potential targeted biomarkers indicative of the differential glucocorticoid or mineralocorticoid-receptors activation in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Barany
- Department of Biology, Morrill Science Center, University of Massachusetts, 01003 Amherst, MA, USA; Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI·MAR), Universidad de Cádiz, E-11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - J Fuentes
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - V Valderrama
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI·MAR), Universidad de Cádiz, E-11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - A Broz-Ruiz
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI·MAR), Universidad de Cádiz, E-11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - G Martínez-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía, Spanish National Research Council (ICMAN-CSIC), E-11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - J M Mancera
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI·MAR), Universidad de Cádiz, E-11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
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Katsu Y, Lin X, Ji R, Chen Z, Kamisaka Y, Bamba K, Baker ME. N-terminal domain influences steroid activation of the Atlantic sea lamprey corticoid receptor. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 228:106249. [PMID: 36646152 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2023.106249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Lampreys are jawless fish that evolved about 550 million years ago at the base of the vertebrate line. Modern lampreys contain a corticoid receptor (CR), the common ancestor of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), which first appear in cartilaginous fish, such as sharks. Until recently, 344 amino acids at the amino terminus of adult lamprey CR were not present in the lamprey CR sequence in GenBank. A search of the recently sequenced lamprey germline genome identified two CR sequences, CR1 and CR2, containing the 344 previously un-identified amino acids. CR1 also contains a novel four amino acid insertion in the DNA-binding domain (DBD). We studied corticosteroid and progesterone activation of CR1 and CR2 and found their strongest response was to 11-deoxycorticosterone and 11-deoxycortisol, the two circulating corticosteroids in lamprey. Based on steroid specificity, both CRs are close to elephant shark MR and distant from elephant shark GR. HEK293 cells that were transfected with full-length CR1 or CR2 and the MMTV promoter have about 3-fold higher steroid-mediated activation compared to HEK293 cells transfected with these CRs and the TAT3 promoter. Deletion of the amino-terminal domain (NTD) of lamprey CR1 and CR2 to form truncated CRs decreased transcriptional activation by about 70% in HEK293 cells that were transfected with MMTV, but increased transcription by about 6-fold in cells transfected with TAT3. This indicated that the promoter has an important effect on NTD regulation of transcriptional activation of the CR by steroids. Our results also indicate that the entire lamprey CR sequence is needed for an accurate determination of steroid-mediated transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaozhi Lin
- Graduate School of Life Science Hokkaido University Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ruigeng Ji
- Graduate School of Life Science Hokkaido University Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ze Chen
- Graduate School of Life Science Hokkaido University Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yui Kamisaka
- Graduate School of Life Science Hokkaido University Sapporo, Japan
| | - Koto Bamba
- Faculty of Science Hokkaido University Sapporo, Japan
| | - Michael E Baker
- Division of Nephrology-Hypertension Department of Medicine, 0693 University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla, CA 92093-0693, USA; Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny (CARTA) University of California, San Diego La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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Katsu Y, Oana S, Lin X, Hyodo S, Bianchetti L, Baker ME. Cloning of nine glucocorticoid receptor isoforms from the slender African lungfish (Protopterus dolloi). PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272219. [PMID: 35913912 PMCID: PMC9342798 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We wanted to clone the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) from slender African lungfish (Protopterus dolloi) for comparison to the P. dolloi mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), which we had cloned and were characterizing, as well as for comparison to the GRs from humans, elephant shark and zebrafish. However, although sequencing of the genome of the Australian lungfish (Neoceratodus forsteri), as well as, that of the West African lungfish (Protopterus annectens) were reported in the first three months of 2021, we could not retrieve a GR sequence with a BLAST search of GenBank, when we submitted our research for publication in July 2021. Moreover, we were unsuccessful in cloning the GR from slender African lungfish using a cDNA from the ovary of P. dolloi and PCR primers that had successfully cloned a GR from elephant shark, Xenopus and gar GRs. On October 21, 2021 the nucleotide sequence of West African lungfish (P. annectens) GR was deposited in GenBank. We used this GR sequence to construct PCR primers that successfully cloned the GR from the slender spotted lungfish. Here, we report the sequences of nine P. dolloi GR isoforms and explain the basis for the previous failure to clone a GR from slender African lungfish using PCR primers that cloned the GR from elephant shark, Xenopus and gar. Studies are underway to determine corticosteroid activation of these slender African lungfish GRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinao Katsu
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- * E-mail: (YK); (MEB)
| | - Shin Oana
- Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Xiaozhi Lin
- Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Susumu Hyodo
- Laboratory of Physiology, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Laurent Bianchetti
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), CNRS UMR 7104—Inserm U1258, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Michael E. Baker
- Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny (CARTA), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (YK); (MEB)
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Frost CR, Goss GG. Absence of some cytochrome P450 (CYP) and hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) enzymes in hagfishes. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2022; 323-324:114045. [PMID: 35472318 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2022.114045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Corticosteroids are synthesized from cholesterol by steroidogenic enzyme catalysts belonging to two main families: the cytochrome p450s (CYPs) and hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (HSDs). The action of these steroidogenic enzymes allows the genesis of the terminal active corticosteroids 11-deoxycortisol (S), 1ɑ-hydroxycorticosterone (1α-OH-B), or cortisol in different fish species. However, for Cyclostomes like hagfishes, the terminal corticosteroid is still undefined. In this study, we examined the presence or absence of CYPs and HSDs as traits in fishes to gain insight about the primary corticosteroid synthesis pathways of the hagfishes. We used published cytochrome c oxidase I (COXI) amino acid sequences to construct a phylogeny of fishes and then mapped the CYPs and HSDs as morphological traits onto the tree to predict the ancestral character states through ancestral character reconstruction (ACR). There is a clear phylogenetic signal for CYP (i.e., CYP11a1, 17, 21, and 11b) and HSD (i.e., 11-βHSD and 3β-HSD) derivatives of interest throughout the more derived fishes. Using trait-based ACR, we also found that hagfishes possess genes for 3β-HSD, CYP11a1, CYP17, and CYP21. Importantly, the presence of CYP21 implies that hagfish can synthesize 11-deoxycorticosterone (11-DOC) and S. Previous research demonstrated that despite hagfish having CYP21, neither 11-DOC nor S could be detected in hagfish. This discrepancy between the presence of steroidogenic enzymes and products brings into question the expression and/or function of CYP21 in hagfishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiana R Frost
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, CW405, Biological Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada.
| | - Greg G Goss
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, CW405, Biological Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada.
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Divergent Evolution of Progesterone and Mineralocorticoid Receptors in Terrestrial Vertebrates and Fish Influences Endocrine Disruption. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 198:114951. [PMID: 35149051 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.114951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
There is much concern about disruption of endocrine physiology regulated by steroid hormones in humans, other terrestrial vertebrates and fish by industrial chemicals, such as bisphenol A, and pesticides, such as DDT. These endocrine-disrupting chemicals influence steroid-mediated physiology in humans and other vertebrates by competing with steroids for receptor binding sites, disrupting diverse responses involved in reproduction, development and differentiation. Here I discuss that due to evolution of the progesterone receptor (PR) and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) after ray-finned fish and terrestrial vertebrates diverged from a common ancestor, each receptor evolved to respond to different steroids in ray-finned fish and terrestrial vertebrates. In elephant shark, a cartilaginous fish that diverged before the separation between ray-finned fish and terrestrial vertebrates, both progesterone and 17,20β-dihydroxy-progesterone activate the PR. During the evolution of ray-finned fish and terrestrial vertebrates, the PR in terrestrial vertebrates continued responding to progesterone and evolved to weakly respond to 17,20β-dihydroxy-progesterone. In contrast, the physiological progestin for the PR in zebrafish and other ray-finned fish is 17,20β-dihydroxy-progesterone, and ray-finned fish PR responds weakly to progesterone. The MR in fish and terrestrial vertebrates also diverged to have different responses to progesterone. Progesterone is a potent agonist for elephant shark MR, zebrafish MR and other fish MRs, in contrast to progesterone's opposite activity as an antagonist for aldosterone, the physiological mineralocorticoid for human MR. These different physiological ligands for fish and terrestrial vertebrate PR and MR need to be considered in applying data for their disruption by chemicals in fish and terrestrial vertebrates to each other.
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Cabrera-Busto J, Mancera JM, Ruiz-Jarabo I. Cortisol and Dexamethasone Mediate Glucocorticoid Actions in the Lesser Spotted Catshark (Scyliorhinus canicula). BIOLOGY 2021; 11:biology11010056. [PMID: 35053054 PMCID: PMC8772811 DOI: 10.3390/biology11010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary For the first time, glucocorticoid actions of corticosteroids are evidenced in vivo and ex vivo in sharks, highlighting the importance of carbohydrate metabolism in situations of high-energy expenditure in this taxonomical group. Long-term (7 days) in vivo administration of dexamethasone (DEX, a synthetic glucocorticoid) decreased 1α-hydroxycorticosterone (1α-OHB, the main corticosteroid hormone in sharks), while also modified carbohydrates metabolism in liver and white muscle. Short-term (1 to 5 h) ex vivo incubation of liver and muscle explants with cortisol (corticosteroid not present in sharks) and DEX revealed glucose secretion mediated by glucocorticoid receptors (GR), as seen by the employment of mifepristone (a GR inhibitor). Abstract Corticosteroids are hormones produced in vertebrates exerting gluco- and mineralocorticoid actions (GC and MC) mediated by specific receptors (GR and MR, respectively). In elasmobranchs, the major circulating corticosteroid is the 1α-hydroxycorticosterone (1α-OHB). This hormone acts as a MC, but to date its role as a GC has not been established. As there is no 1α-OHB standard available, here we employed a set of in vivo and ex vivo approaches to test GC actions of other corticosteroids in the lesser spotted catshark (Scyliorhinus canicula). Dexamethasone (DEX, a synthetic corticosteroid) slow-release implants decreased plasma 1α-OHB levels after 7 days, and modified carbohydrates metabolism in liver and white muscle (energy stores and metabolic enzymes). In addition, ex vivo culture of liver and white muscle explants confirmed GC actions of corticosteroids not naturally present in sharks (cortisol and DEX) by increasing glucose secretion from these tissues. Dose–response curves induced by cortisol and DEX, altogether with the use of specific GR inhibitor mifepristone, confirmed the involvement of GR mediating glucose secretion. This study highlights the influence of corticosteroids in the glucose balance of S. canicula, though the role of 1α-OHB as a GC hormone in sharks should be further confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juncal Cabrera-Busto
- Departament of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI-MAR), Universidad de Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain; (J.C.-B.); (J.M.M.)
| | - Juan M. Mancera
- Departament of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI-MAR), Universidad de Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain; (J.C.-B.); (J.M.M.)
| | - Ignacio Ruiz-Jarabo
- Departament of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI-MAR), Universidad de Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain; (J.C.-B.); (J.M.M.)
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University Complutense Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-913944984
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