1
|
Almukainzi M, AlQahtani R, Alanazi R, Alamri R, Alayed H. Insight of the Biopharmaceutical Implication of Sleeve Gastrectomy on Levothyroxine Absorption in Hypothyroidism Patients. Obes Surg 2024; 34:192-197. [PMID: 38091193 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-023-06970-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The growing rate of obesity led to an increased number of bariatric surgeries (BS) as a treatment option for obesity. The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) changes following BS can impact many drugs' absorption. Levothyroxine (LT4) is a synthetic thyroxine (T4) replacement used commonly as tablets to manage hypothyroidism disorder, which is more prevalent among patients with obesity. This study aims to examine the LT4 oral tablet form therapy after sleeve gastrectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted in multi-center. The LT4 doses and TSH and T4 levels were compared before and after BS. The post-surgery readings were categorized into three periods: (one to three months), (four to six months), and (> six ) months after surgery. ANOVA test was used for analysis. RESULTS A total of 14374 patients who underwent BS from (1/2019 to 3/2022) were screened for eligibility, and n = 101 participants matched the inclusion criteria. The TSH and T4 were not statistically significant differences before and after surgery (P-values of 0.4864 and 0.5970, respectively). However, the doses significantly differed before and after surgery in all the follow-up time point periods (P < 0.002). CONCLUSION The LT4 required doses significantly reduced after sleeve gastrectomy, which can be related to the improved endogenous thyroid production in patients with obesity. However, the abnormality of the GIT induced by the sleeve gastrectomy may affect the exogenous LT4 absorption. Using liquid forms of LT4 while monitoring the thyroid function parameters can optimize the treatment after the procedure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- May Almukainzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, 11671, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Reem AlQahtani
- College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, 11671, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rimah Alanazi
- College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, 11671, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rawan Alamri
- College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, 11671, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hajar Alayed
- Pharmaceutical Care, Dr. Suliman AlHabib Medical Group, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li Z, Peng W, Zhu L, Liu W, Yang L, Chen L, Naeem A, Zhu W, Feng Y, Ming L. Study on Improving the Performance of Traditional Medicine Extracts with High Drug Loading Based on Co-spray Drying Technology. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:247. [PMID: 38030948 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02703-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to develop modified particles with different structures to improve the flowability and compactibility of Liuwei Dihuang (LWDH) powder using co-spray drying technology, and to investigate the preparation mechanism of modified particles and their modified direct compaction (DC) properties. Moreover, tablets with high drug loading contents were also prepared. Particles were designed using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K30) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC E3) as shell materials, and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) and ammonium bicarbonate (NH4HCO3) as pore-forming agents. The porous particles (Ps), core-shell particles (CPs), and porous core-shell particles (PCPs) were prepared by co-spray drying technology. The key DC properties and texture properties of all the particles were measured and compared. The properties of co-spray drying liquid were also determined and analyzed. According to the results, Ps showed the least improvement in DC properties, followed by CPs, and PCPs showed a significant improvement. The modifier, because of its low surface tension, was wrapped in the outer layer to form a shell, and the pore-forming agent was thermally decomposed to produce pores, forming core-shell, porous, and porous core-shell composite structures. The smooth surface of the shell structure enhances fluidity, while the porous structure allows for greater compaction space, thereby improving DC properties during the compaction process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Li
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Institute for Advanced Study, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanghai Peng
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Institute for Advanced Study, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- Jiangzhong Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Nanchang, 330049, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingyu Yang
- Jiangzhong Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Nanchang, 330049, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Institute for Advanced Study, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, People's Republic of China
| | - Abid Naeem
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Institute for Advanced Study, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, People's Republic of China
| | - Weifeng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Institute for Advanced Study, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Feng
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Institute for Advanced Study, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangshan Ming
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Institute for Advanced Study, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zheng AY, Heng PWS, Chan LW. Tablet Disintegratability: Sensitivity of Superdisintegrants to Temperature and Compaction Pressure. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2725. [PMID: 36559221 PMCID: PMC9781198 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tablet disintegration is an important pre-requisite for drug dissolution and absorption. The disintegration test is typically conducted at 37 °C, but the intragastric temperature may vary due to meals or fever. This study investigated the effects of temperature and compaction pressure on tablet disintegratability to gain deeper insights into superdisintegrant sensitivity and function. Tablets with either sodium starch glycolate or crospovidone as disintegrant were prepared at various compaction pressures and subjected to the disintegration test using different medium temperatures. Preheating of tablets was also employed to establish instant temperature equilibrium between the tablet and the disintegration medium. Liquid penetration and disintegration were faster as the medium temperature increased or compaction pressure decreased. Swelling or strain recovery disintegrants exhibited similar sensitivity to variations in the medium temperature. Preheating of the tablets resulted in slower disintegration, but this effect was reversible upon cooling, hence the slower disintegration was unlikely to be attributed to changes in the disintegrant physical state. The temperature difference between the tablet and the disintegration medium likely affected the rate of fluid flow into tablets and influenced disintegration. Understanding disintegrant temperature sensitivity would help to avoid unacceptable fluctuations in disintegration due to temperature variations. The temperature difference effect could also be harnessed to boost disintegrant performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Yi Zheng
- GEA-NUS Pharmaceutical Processing Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Paul Wan Sia Heng
- GEA-NUS Pharmaceutical Processing Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Lai Wah Chan
- GEA-NUS Pharmaceutical Processing Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Quality and safety investigation of commonly used topical cosmetic preparations. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18299. [PMID: 36316522 PMCID: PMC9622732 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21771-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Cosmetic and personal care products are considered an essential part of our daily care routine; hence, these products must be stable and safe for human use. This study aimed to assess the quality and safety of the most common cosmetic preparations. To select the products to be tested, a cross-sectional survey was distributed featuring the most used types and brands of products. Based on 447 responses from both males and females with different ages and education levels, 21 products from different brands were selected and tested in terms of microbial load, heavy metal content, and organoleptic properties. Microbial contamination was investigated using the aerobic plate count method. Lead (Pb), aluminum (Al), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), and arsenic (As) impurities were analyzed using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. The products included sunblock, lip balm, hand cream, hair cream, shampoo, cleanser, baby oil, baby powder, bar soap, hair dye, makeup, deodorant, hair serum, shaving gel, and toothpaste. Microbial contamination was found in 14 of the products, ranging between 1467.5 and 299.5 cfu/ml. The most commonly isolated microorganisms were Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus species. Most of the tested products showed metal impurities, with toothpaste having the highest concentrations of Pb, Cr, As, Cu and Ni. The samples did not show lumps or discoloration, did not have characteristic odors, and had pH values ranging from 6.90 to 8.10. The continuous usage of such products could lead to serious negative consequences. As a result, ensuring the quality of cosmetic products is critical. Regulatory authorities are required to enforce strict legislation on cosmetic manufacturing to assess and ensure the quality and safety of the products before they reach consumers.
Collapse
|