1
|
Guerrero NA, Camacho M, Vila L, Íñiguez MA, Chillón-Marinas C, Cuervo H, Poveda C, Fresno M, Gironès N. Cyclooxygenase-2 and Prostaglandin E2 Signaling through Prostaglandin Receptor EP-2 Favor the Development of Myocarditis during Acute Trypanosoma cruzi Infection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015; 9:e0004025. [PMID: 26305786 PMCID: PMC4549243 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays an important role in the pathophysiology of Chagas disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. Prostanoids are regulators of homeostasis and inflammation and are produced mainly by myeloid cells, being cyclooxygenases, COX-1 and COX-2, the key enzymes in their biosynthesis from arachidonic acid (AA). Here, we have investigated the expression of enzymes involved in AA metabolism during T. cruzi infection. Our results show an increase in the expression of several of these enzymes in acute T. cruzi infected heart. Interestingly, COX-2 was expressed by CD68+ myeloid heart-infiltrating cells. In addition, infiltrating myeloid CD11b+Ly6G- cells purified from infected heart tissue express COX-2 and produce prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) ex vivo. T. cruzi infections in COX-2 or PGE2-dependent prostaglandin receptor EP-2 deficient mice indicate that both, COX-2 and EP-2 signaling contribute significantly to the heart leukocyte infiltration and to the release of chemokines and inflammatory cytokines in the heart of T. cruzi infected mice. In conclusion, COX-2 plays a detrimental role in acute Chagas disease myocarditis and points to COX-2 as a potential target for immune intervention. The role of prostanoids, products of the arachidonic acid pathway, during Trypanosoma cruzi infection has been studied by inhibiting key enzymes in prostanoid synthesis as cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2), with opposed results. Here we analyzed the expression of cyclooxygenases, prostanoid synthases and receptors in the heart of mice susceptible and non-susceptible to T. cruzi infection and found that they were highly increased respect to non-infected mice. We previously identified the presence of myeloid-derived suppressor cells expressing arginase-1 (Arg-1). Further analysis showed that COX-2 was expressed in Arg-1- myeloid cells in heart tissue, suggesting the existence of different myeloid populations involved in the leukocyte infiltration (COX-2+Arg-1-) and tissue repair (COX-2-Arg-1+). Mice deficient in the expression of COX-2 and the prostaglandin PGE2 receptor EP-2 infected with T. cruzi showed a marked reduction in the cardiac inflammatory infiltration in comparison with infected wild type mice, indicating an adverse effect of COX-2 and PGE2 signaling through EP-2 receptor in the development of myocarditis during acute T. cruzi infection, suggesting the possibility of immune intervention using COX inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mercedes Camacho
- Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i de Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Vila
- Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i de Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Íñiguez
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Henar Cuervo
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Cristina Poveda
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Fresno
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Núria Gironès
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pereira PAT, Bitencourt CDS, dos Santos DF, Nicolete R, Gelfuso GM, Faccioli LH. Prostaglandin D2-loaded microspheres effectively activate macrophage effector functions. Eur J Pharm Sci 2015; 78:132-9. [PMID: 26143263 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Biodegradable lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) microspheres (MS) improve the stability of biomolecules stability and allow enable their sustained release. Lipid mediators represent a strategy for improving host defense; however, most of these mediators, such as prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), have low water solubility and are unstable. The present study aimed to develop and characterize MS loaded with PGD2 (PGD2-MS) to obtain an innovative tool to activate macrophages. PGD2-MS were prepared using an oil-in-water emulsion solvent extraction-evaporation process, and the size, zeta potential, surface morphology and encapsulation efficiency were determined. It was also evaluated in vitro the phagocytic index, NF-κB activation, as well as nitric oxide and cytokine production by alveolar macrophages (AMs) in response to PGD2-MS. PGD2-MS were spherical with a diameter of 5.0±3.3 μm and regular surface, zeta potential of -13.4±5.6 mV, and 36% of encapsulation efficiency, with 16-26% release of entrapped PGD2 at 4 and 48 h, respectively. PGD2-MS were more efficiently internalized by AMs than unloaded-MS, and activated NF-κB more than free PGD2. Moreover, PGD2-MS stimulated the production of nitric oxide, TNF-α, IL-1β, and TGF-β, more than free PGD2, indicating that microencapsulation increased the activating effect of PGD2 on cells. In LPS-pre-treated AMs, PGD2-MS decreased the release of IL-6 but increased the production of nitric oxide and IL-1β. These results show that the morphological characteristics of PGD2-MS facilitated interaction with, and activation of phagocytic cells; moreover, PGD2-MS retained the biological activities of PGD2 to trigger effector mechanisms in AMs. It is suggested that PGD2-MS represent a strategy for therapeutic intervention in the lungs of immunocompromised subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla Aparecida Tartari Pereira
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Claudia da Silva Bitencourt
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Daiane Fernanda dos Santos
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Roberto Nicolete
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz Rondônia), Rua da Beira, 7671, Porto Velho, RO 76812-245, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Martins Gelfuso
- Laboratório de Tecnologia de Medicamentos, Alimentos e Cosméticos (LTMAC), Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Lúcia Helena Faccioli
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zoccal KF, Bitencourt CDS, Secatto A, Sorgi CA, Bordon KDCF, Sampaio SV, Arantes EC, Faccioli LH. Tityus serrulatus venom and toxins Ts1, Ts2 and Ts6 induce macrophage activation and production of immune mediators. Toxicon 2011; 57:1101-8. [PMID: 21549737 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2011.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2011] [Revised: 04/14/2011] [Accepted: 04/19/2011] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Scorpion envenomation induces a systemic immune response, and neurotoxins of venom act on specific ion channels, modulating neurotransmitter release or activity. However, little is known about the immunomodulatory effects of crude venom from scorpion Tityus serrulatus (TsV) or its toxins (Ts1, Ts2 and Ts6) in combination with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). To investigate the immunomodulatory effects of TsV and its toxins (Ts1, Ts2 and Ts6), J774.1 cells were stimulated with different concentrations (25, 50 and 100 μg/mL) of venom or toxins pre-stimulated or not with LPS (0.5 μg/mL). Macrophage cytotoxicity was assessed, and nitric oxide (NO) and cytokine production were analyzed utilizing the culture supernatants. TsV and its toxins did not produce cytotoxic effects. Depending on the concentrations used, TsV, Ts1 and Ts6 stimulated the production of NO, interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in J774.1 cells, which were enhanced under LPS co-stimulation. However, LPS + Ts2 inhibited NO, IL-6 and TNF-α production, and Ts2 alone stimulated the production of IL-10, suggesting an anti-inflammatory activity for this toxin. Our findings are important for the basic understanding of the mechanisms involved in macrophage activation following envenomation; additionally, these findings may contribute to the discovery of new therapeutic compounds to treat immune-mediated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karina Furlani Zoccal
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n, CEP 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rocha RASS, Silva RAB, Assed S, Medeiros AI, Faccioli LH, Pécora JD, Nelson-Filho P. Nitric oxide detection in cell culture exposed to LPS after Er:YAG laser irradiation. Int Endod J 2009; 42:992-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2009.01608.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
5
|
Abstract
Dyslipidaemias, particularly those characterized by the 'atherogenic profile' of high low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and triglycerides and low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, are the major modifiable risk factor for atherosclerosis. The search for drugs to favourably alter such lipid profiles, reducing the associated morbidity and mortality, remains a major research focus. Niacin (nicotinic acid) is the most effective agent available for increasing high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, but its use is associated with side effects that negatively affect patient compliance: these appear to arise largely as a result of production of prostaglandin D(2) and its subsequent activation of the DP(1) receptor. Desire to reduce the side effects (and improve pharmacokinetic parameters) has led to the development of a number of agonists that have differing effects, both in terms of clinical potency and the severity of adverse effects. The recent discovery of the niacin G-protein-coupled receptor HM74A (GPR109A) has clarified the distinction between the mechanism whereby niacin exerts its therapeutic effects and the mechanisms responsible for the generation of side effects. This has allowed the development of new drugs that show great potential for the treatment of dyslipidaemia. However, recent advances in understanding of the contribution of prostaglandin metabolism to vascular wall health suggest that some of the beneficial effects of niacin may well result from activation of the same pathways responsible for the adverse reactions. The purpose of this review is to emphasize that the search for agonists that show higher tolerability must take into account all aspects of signalling through this receptor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helen Vosper
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, The Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
da Silva RAB, Leonardo MR, da Silva LAB, Faccioli LH, Medeiros AID. Effect of a calcium hydroxide–based paste associated to chlorhexidine on RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line culture. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 106:e44-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2008.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2008] [Revised: 05/09/2008] [Accepted: 06/17/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
7
|
Papaliodis D, Boucher W, Kempuraj D, Michaelian M, Wolfberg A, House M, Theoharides TC. Niacin-induced "flush" involves release of prostaglandin D2 from mast cells and serotonin from platelets: evidence from human cells in vitro and an animal model. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2008; 327:665-72. [PMID: 18784348 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.108.141333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Niacin lowers serum cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and triglycerides, and it raises high-density lipoprotein. However, most patients experience cutaneous warmth and vasodilation (flush). Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) can reduce this flush, presumably by decreasing prostaglandin D(2) (PGD(2)) release from macrophages. Here, we show that methylnicotinate induces significant PGD(2) release from human mast cells and serotonin from human platelets. Intradermal injection of methylnicotinate induces rat skin vasodilation and vascular permeability. Niacin increases plasma PGD(2) and serotonin in a rat model of flush. The phenothiazine prochlorperazine, the H(1), serotonin receptor antagonist cyproheptadine, and the specific serotonin receptor-2A antagonist ketanserin inhibit niacin-induced temperature increase by 90% (n = 5, p < 0.05), 90 and 50% (n = 3, p < 0.05), and 85% (n = 6, p = 0.0008), respectively, in this animal model. These results indicate that niacin-induced flush involves both PGD(2) and serotonin, suggesting that drugs other than ASA are required to effectively inhibit niacin-induced flush.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dean Papaliodis
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Molecular Immunopharmacology and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|