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Fan ZY, Wu YY, Nie DP, Zhang Y, Zhou L. Occurrence state of fluoride in barite ore and the complexation leaching process. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 344:140437. [PMID: 37838034 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Barite ore is typically associated with difficult-to-remove vein minerals, but commercial barite products require a high BaSO4 content. We investigated the occurrence state of fluoride in barite ore using various analytical techniques, which indicated that elemental fluorine in barite predominantly exists as fluorite. Fluoride was then leached from barite ore via complexation. The effects of HCl and AlCl3 concentrations, temperature, time, and liquid-solid ratio on the leaching rate were examined, and the leaching conditions were optimized using an orthogonal array method. The fluorine leaching rate approached 93.11% after stirring for 30 min at 90 °C and 300 rpm with 3 mol/L HCl, 0.4 mol/L AlCl3, a liquid-solid ratio of 10:1 mL/g, and an ore sample size of -75 μm + 48 μm. According to the leaching kinetics, the process conformed to the solid membrane diffusion control model at a high temperature and the joint chemical reaction-diffusion control model at a low temperature. The apparent activation energy was 56.88 kJ/mol. Furthermore, aluminum and fluorine coordination numbers increased with increasing Al3+/F- molar concentration ratios. Competing complexation reactions of Al3+, H+, and F- occurred at three levels. This complexation approach effectively leaches fluoride from barite, improves barite product quality, and reduces environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yu Fan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, 550025, China; School of Materials and Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan, 114051, China
| | - Yi-Yi Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Deng-Pan Nie
- School of Chemical Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Lan Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, 550025, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
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Fan ZY, Zhao JM, Liu XY, Luo B, Zhou L, Nie DP, Wu YY, Kang ZH, Tao WL. Determination of barium sulfate in barite ore by phase conversion–partial pressure-corrected headspace gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1683:463547. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Dynamic fingerprint of fractionalized excitations in single-crystalline Cu 3Zn(OH) 6FBr. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3048. [PMID: 34031422 PMCID: PMC8144382 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23381-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Beyond the absence of long-range magnetic orders, the most prominent feature of the elusive quantum spin liquid (QSL) state is the existence of fractionalized spin excitations, i.e., spinons. When the system orders, the spin-wave excitation appears as the bound state of the spinon-antispinon pair. Although scarcely reported, a direct comparison between similar compounds illustrates the evolution from spinon to magnon. Here, we perform the Raman scattering on single crystals of two quantum kagome antiferromagnets, of which one is the kagome QSL candidate Cu3Zn(OH)6FBr, and another is an antiferromagnetically ordered compound EuCu3(OH)6Cl3. In Cu3Zn(OH)6FBr, we identify a unique one spinon-antispinon pair component in the E2g magnetic Raman continuum, providing strong evidence for deconfined spinon excitations. In contrast, a sharp magnon peak emerges from the one-pair spinon continuum in the Eg magnetic Raman response once EuCu3(OH)6Cl3 undergoes the antiferromagnetic order transition. From the comparative Raman studies, we can regard the magnon mode as the spinon-antispinon bound state, and the spinon confinement drives the magnetic ordering.
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Abstract
Quantum spin liquids are an exciting playground for exotic physical phenomena and emergent many-body quantum states. The realization and discovery of quantum spin liquid candidate materials and associated phenomena lie at the intersection of solid-state chemistry, condensed matter physics, and materials science and engineering. In this review, we provide the current status of the crystal chemistry, synthetic techniques, physical properties, and research methods in the field of quantum spin liquids. We highlight a number of specific quantum spin liquid candidate materials and their structure-property relationships, elucidating their fascinating behavior and connecting it to the intricacies of their structures. Furthermore, we share our thoughts on defects and their inevitable presence in materials, of which quantum spin liquids are no exception, which can complicate the interpretation of characterization of these materials, and urge the community to extend their attention to materials preparation and data analysis, cognizant of the impact of defects. This review was written with the intention of providing guidance on improving the materials design and growth of quantum spin liquids, and to paint a picture of the beauty of the underlying chemistry of this exciting class of materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan R Chamorro
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States.,Institute for Quantum Matter, Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Tyrel M McQueen
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States.,Institute for Quantum Matter, Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Thao T Tran
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
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Smaha RW, Boukahil I, Titus CJ, Jiang JM, Sheckelton JP, He W, Wen J, Vinson J, Wang SG, Chen YS, Teat SJ, Devereaux TP, Pemmaraju CD, Lee YS. Site-Specific Structure at Multiple Length Scales in Kagome Quantum Spin Liquid Candidates. PHYSICAL REVIEW MATERIALS 2020; 4:10.1103/physrevmaterials.4.124406. [PMID: 34095744 PMCID: PMC8174140 DOI: 10.1103/physrevmaterials.4.124406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Realizing a quantum spin liquid (QSL) ground state in a real material is a leading issue in condensed matter physics research. In this pursuit, it is crucial to fully characterize the structure and influence of defects, as these can significantly affect the fragile QSL physics. Here, we perform a variety of cutting-edge synchrotron X-ray scattering and spectroscopy techniques, and we advance new methodologies for site-specific diffraction and L-edge Zn absorption spectroscopy. The experimental results along with our first-principles calculations address outstanding questions about the local and long-range structures of the two leading kagome QSL candidates, Zn-substituted barlowite (Cu3Zn x Cu1-x (OH)6FBr) and herbertsmithite (Cu3Zn(OH)6Cl2). On all length scales probed, there is no evidence that Zn substitutes onto the kagome layers, thereby preserving the QSL physics of the kagome lattice. Our calculations show that antisite disorder is not energetically favorable and is even less favorable in Zn-barlowite compared to herbertsmithite. Site-specific X-ray diffraction measurements of Zn-barlowite reveal that Cu2+ and Zn2+ selectively occupy distinct interlayer sites, in contrast to herbertsmithite. Using the first measured Zn L-edge inelastic X-ray absorption spectra combined with calculations, we discover a systematic correlation between the loss of inversion symmetry from pseudo-octahedral (herbertsmithite) to trigonal prismatic coordination (Zn-barlowite) with the emergence of a new peak. Overall, our measurements suggest that Zn-barlowite has structural advantages over herbertsmithite that make its magnetic properties closer to an ideal QSL candidate: its kagome layers are highly resistant to nonmagnetic defects while the interlayers can accommodate a higher amount of Zn substitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca W. Smaha
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Idris Boukahil
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Theory Institute for Materials and Energy Spectroscopies, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Charles J. Titus
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Jack Mingde Jiang
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - John P. Sheckelton
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Wei He
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Jiajia Wen
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - John Vinson
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899
| | - Suyin Grass Wang
- NSF’s ChemMatCARS, Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, c/o Advanced Photon Source/ANL, The University of Chicago, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Yu-Sheng Chen
- NSF’s ChemMatCARS, Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, c/o Advanced Photon Source/ANL, The University of Chicago, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Simon J. Teat
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Thomas P. Devereaux
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - C. Das Pemmaraju
- Theory Institute for Materials and Energy Spectroscopies, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Young S. Lee
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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Henderson A, Dong L, Biswas S, Revell HI, Xin Y, Valenti R, Schlueter JA, Siegrist T. Order-disorder transition in the S = ½ kagome antiferromagnets claringbullite and barlowite. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:11587-11590. [PMID: 31495840 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc04930d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The transition in the quantum magnets barlowite, Cu4(OH)6FBr, and claringbullite, Cu4(OH)6FCl is of an order-disorder type, where at ambient temperature interlayer Cu2+ ions are dynamically disordered over three equivalent positions. The disorder becomes static as the temperature is decreased, resulting in a lowering of symmetry. Ab initio density functional theory calculations explain this structural phase transition and provide insights regarding the differences between these two materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Henderson
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Lianyang Dong
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA. and National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1800 E Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Sananda Biswas
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Hannah I Revell
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1800 E Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Yan Xin
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1800 E Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Roser Valenti
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - John A Schlueter
- Division of Materials Research, National Science Foundation, Alexandria, VA 22314, USA.
| | - Theo Siegrist
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA. and National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1800 E Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
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