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Leverett A, Hartzell S, Winter K, Garcia M, Aranda J, Virgo A, Smith A, Focht P, Rasmussen-Arda A, Willats WGT, Cowan-Turner D, Borland AM. Dissecting succulence: Crassulacean acid metabolism and hydraulic capacitance are independent adaptations in Clusia leaves. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:1472-1488. [PMID: 36624682 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Succulence is found across the world as an adaptation to water-limited niches. The fleshy organs of succulent plants develop via enlarged photosynthetic chlorenchyma and/or achlorophyllous water storage hydrenchyma cells. The precise mechanism by which anatomical traits contribute to drought tolerance is unclear, as the effect of succulence is multifaceted. Large cells are believed to provide space for nocturnal storage of malic acid fixed by crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM), whilst also buffering water potentials by elevating hydraulic capacitance (CFT ). The effect of CAM and elevated CFT on growth and water conservation have not been compared, despite the assumption that these adaptations often occur together. We assessed the relationship between succulent anatomical adaptations, CAM, and CFT , across the genus Clusia. We also simulated the effects of CAM and CFT on growth and water conservation during drought using the Photo3 model. Within Clusia leaves, CAM and CFT are independent traits: CAM requires large palisade chlorenchyma cells, whereas hydrenchyma tissue governs interspecific differences in CFT . In addition, our model suggests that CAM supersedes CFT as a means to maximise CO2 assimilation and minimise transpiration during drought. Our study challenges the assumption that CAM and CFT are mutually dependent traits within succulent leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair Leverett
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancón, Republic of Panama
| | - Samantha Hartzell
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Klaus Winter
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancón, Republic of Panama
| | - Milton Garcia
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancón, Republic of Panama
| | - Jorge Aranda
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancón, Republic of Panama
| | - Aurelio Virgo
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancón, Republic of Panama
| | - Abigail Smith
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Paulina Focht
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Adam Rasmussen-Arda
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - William G T Willats
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Daniel Cowan-Turner
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Anne M Borland
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
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Xue Q, Yang J, Yu W, Wang H, Hou Z, Li C, Xue Q, Liu W, Ding X, Niu Z. The climate changes promoted the chloroplast genomic evolution of Dendrobium orchids among multiple photosynthetic pathways. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:189. [PMID: 37038109 PMCID: PMC10084689 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04186-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Dendrobium orchids have multiple photosynthetic pathways, which can be used as a model system for studying the evolution of crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM). In this study, based on the results of the net photosynthetic rates (Pn), we classified Dendrobium species into three photosynthetic pathways, then employed and compared their chloroplast genomes. The Dendrobium chloroplast genomes have typical quartile structures, ranging from 150,841-153,038 bp. The apparent differences in GC content, sequence variability, and IR junctions of SSC/IRB junctions (JSBs) were measured within chloroplast genomes among different photosynthetic pathways. The phylogenetic analysis has revealed multiple independent CAM origins among the selected Dendrobium species. After counting insertions and deletions (InDels), we found that the occurrence rates and distribution densities among different photosynthetic pathways were inconsistent. Moreover, the evolution patterns of chloroplast genes in Dendrobium among three photosynthetic pathways were also diversified. Considering the diversified genome structure variations and the evolution patterns of protein-coding genes among Dendrobium species, we proposed that the evolution of the chloroplast genomes was disproportional among different photosynthetic pathways. Furthermore, climatic correlation revealed that temperature and precipitation have influenced the distribution among different photosynthetic pathways and promoted the foundation of CAM pathway in Dendrobium orchids. Based on our study, we provided not only new insights into the CAM evolution of Dendrobium but also provided beneficial genetic data resources for the further systematical study of Dendrobium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqian Xue
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Technical Industrialization for Dendrobiums, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jiapeng Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Technical Industrialization for Dendrobiums, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wenhui Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Technical Industrialization for Dendrobiums, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hongman Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Technical Industrialization for Dendrobiums, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhenyu Hou
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Technical Industrialization for Dendrobiums, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chao Li
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Technical Industrialization for Dendrobiums, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Qingyun Xue
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Technical Industrialization for Dendrobiums, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Technical Industrialization for Dendrobiums, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ding
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Technical Industrialization for Dendrobiums, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Zhitao Niu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Technical Industrialization for Dendrobiums, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Hartzell S, Bartlett MS, Inglese P, Consoli S, Yin J, Porporato A. Modelling nonlinear dynamics of Crassulacean acid metabolism productivity and water use for global predictions. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:34-48. [PMID: 33073369 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) crops are important agricultural commodities in water-limited environments across the globe, yet modelling of CAM productivity lacks the sophistication of widely used C3 and C4 crop models, in part due to the complex responses of the CAM cycle to environmental conditions. This work builds on recent advances in CAM modelling to provide a framework for estimating CAM biomass yield and water use efficiency from basic principles. These advances, which integrate the CAM circadian rhythm with established models of carbon fixation, stomatal conductance and the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum, are coupled to models of light attenuation, plant respiration and biomass partitioning. Resulting biomass yield and transpiration for Opuntia ficus-indica and Agave tequilana are validated against field data and compared with predictions of CAM productivity obtained using the empirically based environmental productivity index. By representing regulation of the circadian state as a nonlinear oscillator, the modelling approach captures the diurnal dynamics of CAM stomatal conductance, allowing the prediction of CAM transpiration and water use efficiency for the first time at the plot scale. This approach may improve estimates of CAM productivity under light-limiting conditions when compared with previous methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Hartzell
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Mark S Bartlett
- Stantec, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Paolo Inglese
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Simona Consoli
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Jun Yin
- School of Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Italy
| | - Amilcare Porporato
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Princeton Environmental Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
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Chomthong M, Griffiths H. Model approaches to advance crassulacean acid metabolism system integration. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 101:951-963. [PMID: 31943394 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This review summarises recent progress in understanding crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) systems and the integration of internal and external stimuli to maximise water-use efficiency. Complex CAM traits have been reduced to their minimum and captured as computational models, which can now be refined using recently available data from transgenic manipulations and large-scale omics studies. We identify three key areas in which an appropriate choice of modelling tool could help capture relevant comparative molecular data to address the evolutionary drivers and plasticity of CAM. One focus is to identify the environmental and internal signals that drive inverse stomatal opening at night. Secondly, it is important to identify the regulatory processes required to orchestrate the diel pattern of carbon fluxes within mesophyll layers. Finally, the limitations imposed by contrasting succulent systems and associated hydraulic conductance components should be compared in the context of water-use and evolutionary strategies. While network analysis of transcriptomic data can provide insights via co-expression modules and hubs, alternative forms of computational modelling should be used iteratively to define the physiological significance of key components and informing targeted functional gene manipulation studies. We conclude that the resultant improvements of bottom-up, mechanistic modelling systems can enhance progress towards capturing the physiological controls for phylogenetically diverse CAM systems in the face of the recent surge of information in this omics era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Methawi Chomthong
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Howard Griffiths
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
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Hartzell S, Bartlett MS, Porporato A. Unified representation of the C3, C4, and CAM photosynthetic pathways with the Photo3 model. Ecol Modell 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Hartzell S, Bartlett M, Yin J, Porporato A. Similarities in the evolution of plants and cars. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198044. [PMID: 29958287 PMCID: PMC6025855 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
While one system is animate and the other inanimate, both plants and cars are powered by a highly successful process which has evolved in a changing environment. Each process (the photosynthetic pathway and the car engine, respectively) originated from a basic scheme and evolved greater efficiency by adding components to the existing structure, which has remained largely unchanged. Here we present a comparative analysis of two variants on the original C3 photosynthetic pathway (C4 and CAM) and two variants on the internal combustion engine (the turbocharger and the hybrid electric vehicle). We compare the timeline of evolution, the interaction between system components, and the effects of environmental conditions on both systems. This analysis reveals striking similarities in the development of these processes, providing insight as to how complex systems—both natural and built—evolve and adapt to changing environmental conditions in a modular fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Hartzell
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States of America
- Princeton Environmental Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States of America
| | - Mark Bartlett
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States of America
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Jun Yin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States of America
- Princeton Environmental Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States of America
| | - Amilcare Porporato
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States of America
- Princeton Environmental Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Escalante-Martínez JE, Gómez-Aguilar JF, Calderón-Ramón C, Aguilar-Meléndez A, Padilla-Longoria P. A mathematical model of circadian rhythms synchronization using fractional differential equations system of coupled van der Pol oscillators. INT J BIOMATH 2018. [DOI: 10.1142/s1793524518500146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents an alternative representation of a system of differential equations qualitatively showing the behavior of the biological rhythm of a crayfish during their transition from juvenile to adult stages. The model focuses on the interaction of four cellular oscillators coupled by diffusion of a hormone, a parameter [Formula: see text] is used to simulate the quality of communication among the oscillators, in biological terms, it measures developmental maturity of the crayfish. Since some quorum-sensing mechanism is assumed to be responsible for the synchronization of the biological oscillators, it is natural to investigate the possibility that the underlying diffusion process is not standard, i.e. it may be a so-called anomalous diffusion. In this case, it is well understood that diffusion equations with fractional derivatives describe these processes in a more realistic way. The alternative formulation of these equations contains fractional operators of Liouville–Caputo and Caputo–Fabrizio type. The numerical simulations of the equations reflect synchronization of ultradian rhythms leading to a circadian rhythm. The classical behavior is recovered when the order of the fractional derivative is [Formula: see text]. We discuss possible biological implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. E. Escalante-Martínez
- Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Venustiano Carranza S/N, Col. Revolución, C. P. 93390, Poza Rica, Veracruz, México
| | - J. F. Gómez-Aguilar
- CONACyT-Tecnológico Nacional de México/CENIDET, Interior Internado Palmira S/N, Col. Palmira, C. P. 62490, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - C. Calderón-Ramón
- Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Venustiano Carranza S/N, Col. Revolución, C. P. 93390, Poza Rica, Veracruz, México
| | - A. Aguilar-Meléndez
- Facultad de Ingenierá Civil, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Venustiano Carranza S/N, Col. Revolución, C. P. 93390, Poza Rica, Veracruz, México
| | - P. Padilla-Longoria
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Matemáticas Aplicadas y Sistemas (IIMAS), UNAM, Circuito Escolar, Cd. Universitaria, Del. Coyoacan, México D. F. C. P. 04510, México
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Chiangga S, Pornkaveerat W, Frank T. On a Fitzhugh–Nagumo type model for the pulse-like jasmonate defense response in plants. Math Biosci 2016; 273:80-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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