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Manful EE, Dofuor AK, Gwira TM. The role of tryptophan derivatives as anti-kinetoplastid agents. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23895. [PMID: 38187297 PMCID: PMC10770616 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Kinetoplastids are the causative agents for a spectrum of vector-borne diseases including Leishmaniasis, Chagas disease and Trypanosomiasis that affect millions of people worldwide. In the absence of safe and effective vaccines, chemotherapy, in conjunction with vector control, remain the most significant control approach for kinetoplastid diseases. However, commercially available treatment for these neglected tropical diseases frequently ends up with toxic side effects and increasing resistance. To meet the rising need for innovative medications, alternative chemotherapeutic agents are required. Moreover, insights into target-based mode of action of chemotherapeutic agents are required if novel drugs that may outwit resistance to commercially available drugs are to be developed. Tryptophan has been implicated in a variety of diseases and disorders due to its fundamental role as a precursor to several bioactive metabolites, as well as its importance in the improvement of health and nutrition, diagnostics, and therapeutics. The regulation of tryptophan metabolism plays a fundamental role in the growth of kinetoplastids. Moreover, the levels of tryptophan may serve as a biomarker to distinguish between the stages of kinetoplastids making it an important amino acid to explore for drug targets. The main aim of this review is thus to provide a comprehensive literature synthesis of tryptophan derivatives to explore as potential anti-kinetoplastids. Here we highlight the role of tryptophan derivatives as chemotherapeutic agents against kinetoplastids. The reviewed compounds provide insights into potential new drug interventions that may combat the increasing problem of anti-kinetoplastid resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewura-Esi Manful
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - Aboagye Kwarteng Dofuor
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Environment and Sustainable Development, Somanya, Ghana
| | - Theresa Manful Gwira
- West African Center for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
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Reyes-Ardila WL, Rugeles-Silva PA, Duque-Zapata JD, Vélez-Martínez GA, Tarazona Pulido L, Cardona Tobar KM, Díaz Gallo SA, Muñoz Flórez JE, Díaz-Ariza LA, López-Alvarez D. Exploring Genomics and Microbial Ecology: Analysis of Bidens pilosa L. Genetic Structure and Soil Microbiome Diversity by RAD-Seq and Metabarcoding. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:221. [PMID: 38256774 PMCID: PMC10818919 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Bidens pilosa L., native to South America and commonly used for medicinal purposes, has been understudied at molecular and genomic levels and in its relationship with soil microorganisms. In this study, restriction site-associated DNA markers (RADseq) techniques were implemented to analyze genetic diversity and population structure, and metabarcoding to examine microbial composition in soils from Palmira, Sibundoy, and Bogotá, Colombia. A total of 2,984,123 loci and 3485 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified, revealing a genetic variation of 12% between populations and 88% within individuals, and distributing the population into three main genetic groups, FST = 0.115 (p < 0.001) and FIT = 0.013 (p > 0.05). In the soil analysis, significant correlations were found between effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC) and apparent density, soil texture, and levels of Mg and Fe, as well as negative correlations between ECEC and Mg, and Mg, Fe, and Ca. Proteobacteria and Ascomycota emerged as the predominant bacterial and fungal phyla, respectively. Analyses of alpha, beta, and multifactorial diversity highlight the influence of ecological and environmental factors on these microbial communities, revealing specific patterns of clustering and association between bacteria and fungi in the studied locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Lorena Reyes-Ardila
- Grupo de Investigación en Diversidad Biológica, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Palmira, Palmira 763533, Colombia; (P.A.R.-S.); (J.D.D.-Z.); (G.A.V.-M.)
- Grupo de Investigación en Agricultura Biológica, Departamento de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Sede Bogotá, Bogotá D.C. 110231, Colombia;
| | - Paula Andrea Rugeles-Silva
- Grupo de Investigación en Diversidad Biológica, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Palmira, Palmira 763533, Colombia; (P.A.R.-S.); (J.D.D.-Z.); (G.A.V.-M.)
- Grupo de Investigación en Agricultura Biológica, Departamento de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Sede Bogotá, Bogotá D.C. 110231, Colombia;
| | - Juan Diego Duque-Zapata
- Grupo de Investigación en Diversidad Biológica, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Palmira, Palmira 763533, Colombia; (P.A.R.-S.); (J.D.D.-Z.); (G.A.V.-M.)
- Grupo de Investigación en Agricultura Biológica, Departamento de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Sede Bogotá, Bogotá D.C. 110231, Colombia;
| | - Glever Alexander Vélez-Martínez
- Grupo de Investigación en Diversidad Biológica, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Palmira, Palmira 763533, Colombia; (P.A.R.-S.); (J.D.D.-Z.); (G.A.V.-M.)
- Grupo de Investigación en Agricultura Biológica, Departamento de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Sede Bogotá, Bogotá D.C. 110231, Colombia;
| | - Lina Tarazona Pulido
- Grupo de Investigación en Diversidad Biológica, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Palmira, Palmira 763533, Colombia; (P.A.R.-S.); (J.D.D.-Z.); (G.A.V.-M.)
- Grupo de Investigación en Agricultura Biológica, Departamento de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Sede Bogotá, Bogotá D.C. 110231, Colombia;
| | - Karen Melissa Cardona Tobar
- Grupo de Investigación en Diversidad Biológica, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Palmira, Palmira 763533, Colombia; (P.A.R.-S.); (J.D.D.-Z.); (G.A.V.-M.)
- Grupo de Investigación en Agricultura Biológica, Departamento de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Sede Bogotá, Bogotá D.C. 110231, Colombia;
| | - Sergio Alberto Díaz Gallo
- Grupo de Investigación en Agricultura Biológica, Departamento de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Sede Bogotá, Bogotá D.C. 110231, Colombia;
| | - Jaime Eduardo Muñoz Flórez
- Grupo de Investigación en Diversidad Biológica, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Palmira, Palmira 763533, Colombia; (P.A.R.-S.); (J.D.D.-Z.); (G.A.V.-M.)
| | - Lucia Ana Díaz-Ariza
- Grupo de Investigación en Agricultura Biológica, Departamento de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Sede Bogotá, Bogotá D.C. 110231, Colombia;
| | - Diana López-Alvarez
- Grupo de Investigación en Diversidad Biológica, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Palmira, Palmira 763533, Colombia; (P.A.R.-S.); (J.D.D.-Z.); (G.A.V.-M.)
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