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Reyes-Ardila WL, Rugeles-Silva PA, Duque-Zapata JD, Vélez-Martínez GA, Tarazona Pulido L, Cardona Tobar KM, Díaz Gallo SA, Muñoz Flórez JE, Díaz-Ariza LA, López-Alvarez D. Exploring Genomics and Microbial Ecology: Analysis of Bidens pilosa L. Genetic Structure and Soil Microbiome Diversity by RAD-Seq and Metabarcoding. Plants (Basel) 2024; 13:221. [PMID: 38256774 PMCID: PMC10818919 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Bidens pilosa L., native to South America and commonly used for medicinal purposes, has been understudied at molecular and genomic levels and in its relationship with soil microorganisms. In this study, restriction site-associated DNA markers (RADseq) techniques were implemented to analyze genetic diversity and population structure, and metabarcoding to examine microbial composition in soils from Palmira, Sibundoy, and Bogotá, Colombia. A total of 2,984,123 loci and 3485 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified, revealing a genetic variation of 12% between populations and 88% within individuals, and distributing the population into three main genetic groups, FST = 0.115 (p < 0.001) and FIT = 0.013 (p > 0.05). In the soil analysis, significant correlations were found between effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC) and apparent density, soil texture, and levels of Mg and Fe, as well as negative correlations between ECEC and Mg, and Mg, Fe, and Ca. Proteobacteria and Ascomycota emerged as the predominant bacterial and fungal phyla, respectively. Analyses of alpha, beta, and multifactorial diversity highlight the influence of ecological and environmental factors on these microbial communities, revealing specific patterns of clustering and association between bacteria and fungi in the studied locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Lorena Reyes-Ardila
- Grupo de Investigación en Diversidad Biológica, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Palmira, Palmira 763533, Colombia; (P.A.R.-S.); (J.D.D.-Z.); (G.A.V.-M.)
- Grupo de Investigación en Agricultura Biológica, Departamento de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Sede Bogotá, Bogotá D.C. 110231, Colombia;
| | - Paula Andrea Rugeles-Silva
- Grupo de Investigación en Diversidad Biológica, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Palmira, Palmira 763533, Colombia; (P.A.R.-S.); (J.D.D.-Z.); (G.A.V.-M.)
- Grupo de Investigación en Agricultura Biológica, Departamento de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Sede Bogotá, Bogotá D.C. 110231, Colombia;
| | - Juan Diego Duque-Zapata
- Grupo de Investigación en Diversidad Biológica, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Palmira, Palmira 763533, Colombia; (P.A.R.-S.); (J.D.D.-Z.); (G.A.V.-M.)
- Grupo de Investigación en Agricultura Biológica, Departamento de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Sede Bogotá, Bogotá D.C. 110231, Colombia;
| | - Glever Alexander Vélez-Martínez
- Grupo de Investigación en Diversidad Biológica, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Palmira, Palmira 763533, Colombia; (P.A.R.-S.); (J.D.D.-Z.); (G.A.V.-M.)
- Grupo de Investigación en Agricultura Biológica, Departamento de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Sede Bogotá, Bogotá D.C. 110231, Colombia;
| | - Lina Tarazona Pulido
- Grupo de Investigación en Diversidad Biológica, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Palmira, Palmira 763533, Colombia; (P.A.R.-S.); (J.D.D.-Z.); (G.A.V.-M.)
- Grupo de Investigación en Agricultura Biológica, Departamento de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Sede Bogotá, Bogotá D.C. 110231, Colombia;
| | - Karen Melissa Cardona Tobar
- Grupo de Investigación en Diversidad Biológica, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Palmira, Palmira 763533, Colombia; (P.A.R.-S.); (J.D.D.-Z.); (G.A.V.-M.)
- Grupo de Investigación en Agricultura Biológica, Departamento de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Sede Bogotá, Bogotá D.C. 110231, Colombia;
| | - Sergio Alberto Díaz Gallo
- Grupo de Investigación en Agricultura Biológica, Departamento de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Sede Bogotá, Bogotá D.C. 110231, Colombia;
| | - Jaime Eduardo Muñoz Flórez
- Grupo de Investigación en Diversidad Biológica, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Palmira, Palmira 763533, Colombia; (P.A.R.-S.); (J.D.D.-Z.); (G.A.V.-M.)
| | - Lucia Ana Díaz-Ariza
- Grupo de Investigación en Agricultura Biológica, Departamento de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Sede Bogotá, Bogotá D.C. 110231, Colombia;
| | - Diana López-Alvarez
- Grupo de Investigación en Diversidad Biológica, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Palmira, Palmira 763533, Colombia; (P.A.R.-S.); (J.D.D.-Z.); (G.A.V.-M.)
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Wang L, Li Z, Wan R, Pan X, Li B, Zhao H, Yang J, Zhao W, Wang S, Wang Q, Yan P, Ma C, Yuan H, Zhao M, Rosas I, Ding C, Sun B, Yu G. Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Provides New Insights into Therapeutic Roles of Thyroid Hormone in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2023; 69:456-469. [PMID: 37402274 PMCID: PMC10557923 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2023-0080oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive fatal interstitial lung disease without an effective cure. Herein, we explore the role of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) administration on lung alveolar regeneration and fibrosis at the single-cell level. T3 supplementation significantly altered the gene expression in fibrotic lung tissues. Immune cells were rapidly recruited into the lung after the injury; there were much more M2 macrophages than M1 macrophages in the lungs of bleomycin-treated mice; and M1 macrophages increased slightly, whereas M2 macrophages were significantly reduced after T3 treatment. T3 enhanced the resolution of pulmonary fibrosis by promoting the differentiation of Krt8+ transitional alveolar type II epithelial cells into alveolar type I epithelial cells and inhibiting fibroblast activation and extracellular matrix production potentially by regulation of Nr2f2. In addition, T3 regulated the crosstalk of macrophages with fibroblasts, and the Pros1-Axl signaling axis significantly facilitated the attenuation of fibrosis. The findings demonstrate that administration of a thyroid hormone promotes alveolar regeneration and resolves fibrosis mainly by regulation of the cellular state and cell-cell communication of alveolar epithelial cells, macrophages, and fibroblasts in mouse lungs in comprehensive ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, and
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Zhongzheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, and
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Ruyan Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, and
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Xin Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, and
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, and
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Huabin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, and
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Juntang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, and
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Weiming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, and
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Shenghui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, and
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Qiwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, and
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Peishuo Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, and
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Chi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, and
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Hongmei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, and
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Mengxia Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, and
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Ivan Rosas
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Chen Ding
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Baofa Sun
- College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Guoying Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, and
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
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Cayci AB, Rathbone AP, Lindsey L. Practices and Perceptions of Community Pharmacists in the Management of Atopic Dermatitis: A Systematic Review and Thematic Synthesis. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2159. [PMID: 37570399 PMCID: PMC10418591 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11152159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the contributions of community pharmacists as first-line health providers is important to the management of atopic dermatitis, though little is known about their contribution. A systematic review was carried out to examine practices and perceptions of the role of community pharmacists. A literature search was conducted in five different databases. Full-text primary research studies, which involved practices and perceptions of the role of community pharmacists in the management of atopic dermatitis, previously published in peer reviewed journals were used. Critical appraisal of included studies was performed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Data were extracted and thematically synthesized to generate descriptive and analytical themes. The confidence of the findings of the included studies was assessed via either GRADE or CERQual. Twenty-three studies were included. Findings showed that community pharmacists lacked knowledge of the uses of topical corticosteroids. The recommendations of other treatments were limited. Pharmacists generally undertook dermatology training after graduation. Analytical themes indicated that the practices of community pharmacists were poor and misled patients. Inappropriate education in initial training was identified as a potential reason for their poor practices. This systematic review reveals a gap between patients' needs in practice and dermatological education provided to community pharmacists. Novel approaches regarding education and training should be explored to improve pharmacists' dermatological knowledge and skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdi Berk Cayci
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; (A.P.R.); (L.L.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Türkiye
| | - Adam Pattison Rathbone
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; (A.P.R.); (L.L.)
| | - Laura Lindsey
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; (A.P.R.); (L.L.)
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Yılmaz TM, Mungan MD, Berasategui A, Ziemert N. FunARTS, the Fungal bioActive compound Resistant Target Seeker, an exploration engine for target-directed genome mining in fungi. Nucleic Acids Res 2023:7173779. [PMID: 37207330 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need to diversify the pipeline for discovering novel natural products due to the increase in multi-drug resistant infections. Like bacteria, fungi also produce secondary metabolites that have potent bioactivity and rich chemical diversity. To avoid self-toxicity, fungi encode resistance genes which are often present within the biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) of the corresponding bioactive compounds. Recent advances in genome mining tools have enabled the detection and prediction of BGCs responsible for the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. The main challenge now is to prioritize the most promising BGCs that produce bioactive compounds with novel modes of action. With target-directed genome mining methods, it is possible to predict the mode of action of a compound encoded in an uncharacterized BGC based on the presence of resistant target genes. Here, we introduce the 'fungal bioactive compound resistant target seeker' (FunARTS) available at https://funarts.ziemertlab.com. This is a specific and efficient mining tool for the identification of fungal bioactive compounds with interesting and novel targets. FunARTS rapidly links housekeeping and known resistance genes to BGC proximity and duplication events, allowing for automated, target-directed mining of fungal genomes. Additionally, FunARTS generates gene cluster networking by comparing the similarity of BGCs from multi-genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Turgut Mesut Yılmaz
- Translational Genome Mining for Natural Products, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen (IMIT), Interfaculty Institute for Biomedical Informatics (IBMI), University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mehmet Direnç Mungan
- Translational Genome Mining for Natural Products, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen (IMIT), Interfaculty Institute for Biomedical Informatics (IBMI), University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Aileen Berasategui
- University of Tübingen, Cluster of Excellence 'Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections', Auf der Morgenstelle 28, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Nadine Ziemert
- Translational Genome Mining for Natural Products, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen (IMIT), Interfaculty Institute for Biomedical Informatics (IBMI), University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Jonguitud-Borrego N, Malcı K, Anand M, Baluku E, Webb C, Liang L, Barba-Ostria C, Guaman LP, Hui L, Rios-Solis L. High—throughput and automated screening for COVID-19. Front Med Technol 2022; 4:969203. [PMID: 36188187 PMCID: PMC9521367 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2022.969203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has become a global challenge for the healthcare systems of many countries with 6 million people having lost their lives and 530 million more having tested positive for the virus. Robust testing and a comprehensive track and trace process for positive patients are essential for effective pandemic control, leading to high demand for diagnostic testing. In order to comply with demand and increase testing capacity worldwide, automated workflows have come into prominence as they enable high-throughput screening, faster processing, exclusion of human error, repeatability, reproducibility and diagnostic precision. The gold standard for COVID-19 testing so far has been RT-qPCR, however, different SARS-CoV-2 testing methods have been developed to be combined with high throughput testing to improve diagnosis. Case studies in China, Spain and the United Kingdom have been reviewed and automation has been proven to be promising for mass testing. Free and Open Source scientific and medical Hardware (FOSH) plays a vital role in this matter but there are some challenges to be overcome before automation can be fully implemented. This review discusses the importance of automated high-throughput testing, the different equipment available, the bottlenecks of its implementation and key selected case studies that due to their high effectiveness are already in use in hospitals and research centres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nestor Jonguitud-Borrego
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology (SynthSys), The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Koray Malcı
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology (SynthSys), The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mihir Anand
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology BHU, Varanasi, India
| | - Erikan Baluku
- School of Bio-Security, Biotechnical and Laboratory Sciences Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Calum Webb
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Lungang Liang
- BGI Clinical Laboratories, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Carlos Barba-Ostria
- Escuela de Medicina, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud Quito, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Linda P. Guaman
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica (CENBIO), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Liu Hui
- BGI Clinical Laboratories, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Leonardo Rios-Solis
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology (SynthSys), The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Correspondence: Leonardo Rios-Solis
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Udriștoiu AL, Cazacu IM, Gruionu LG, Gruionu G, Iacob AV, Burtea DE, Ungureanu BS, Costache MI, Constantin A, Popescu CF, Udriștoiu Ș, Săftoiu A. Real-time computer-aided diagnosis of focal pancreatic masses from endoscopic ultrasound imaging based on a hybrid convolutional and long short-term memory neural network model. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251701. [PMID: 34181680 PMCID: PMC8238220 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Differential diagnosis of focal pancreatic masses is based on endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) guided fine needle aspiration biopsy (EUS-FNA/FNB). Several imaging techniques (i.e. gray-scale, color Doppler, contrast-enhancement and elastography) are used for differential diagnosis. However, diagnosis remains highly operator dependent. To address this problem, machine learning algorithms (MLA) can generate an automatic computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) by analyzing a large number of clinical images in real-time. We aimed to develop a MLA to characterize focal pancreatic masses during the EUS procedure. The study included 65 patients with focal pancreatic masses, with 20 EUS images selected from each patient (grayscale, color Doppler, arterial and venous phase contrast-enhancement and elastography). Images were classified based on cytopathology exam as: chronic pseudotumoral pancreatitis (CPP), neuroendocrine tumor (PNET) and ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The MLA is based on a deep learning method which combines convolutional (CNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM) neural networks. 2688 images were used for training and 672 images for testing the deep learning models. The CNN was developed to identify the discriminative features of images, while a LSTM neural network was used to extract the dependencies between images. The model predicted the clinical diagnosis with an area under curve index of 0.98 and an overall accuracy of 98.26%. The negative (NPV) and positive (PPV) predictive values and the corresponding 95% confidential intervals (CI) are 96.7%, [94.5, 98.9] and 98.1%, [96.81, 99.4] for PDAC, 96.5%, [94.1, 98.8], and 99.7%, [99.3, 100] for CPP, and 98.9%, [97.5, 100] and 98.3%, [97.1, 99.4] for PNET. Following further validation on a independent test cohort, this method could become an efficient CAD tool to differentiate focal pancreatic masses in real-time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Irina Mihaela Cazacu
- Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Craiova, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | | | - Gabriel Gruionu
- Faculty of Mechanics, University of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | | | - Daniela Elena Burtea
- Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Craiova, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Bogdan Silviu Ungureanu
- Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Craiova, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Mădălin Ionuț Costache
- Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Craiova, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Alina Constantin
- Gastroenterology Department, Ponderas Academic Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Ștefan Udriștoiu
- Faculty of Automation, Computers and Electronics, University of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
- INNES Worldwide LLC, Craiova, Romania
| | - Adrian Săftoiu
- Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Craiova, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, Craiova, Romania
- Gastroenterology Department, Ponderas Academic Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
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