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Xu W, Gong J, Chen Y, Chen Y, Chen S, Wu Y, He Y, Li C, Yu H, Xie L. Effects of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Selenium Deficiency on the Offspring Growth and Blood Glucose Mechanisms of C57BL/6J Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:4519. [PMID: 37960172 PMCID: PMC10647445 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the effects and mechanisms of maternal gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and selenium (Se) deficiency on the growth and glucose metabolism of offspring. Female C57BL/6J mice were divided into four groups as follows: a control group, a GDM group, a Se deficiency group, and a GDM with Se deficiency group. GDM animal models were established via S961. Pregnant mice fed their offspring until weaning. Then, offspring continued to be fed with a basic diet until adulthood. Body weight and fasting blood glucose were measured weekly. Se content, oxidative stress indicators, and the protein expression of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway were detected. GDM increased susceptibility to obesity in lactating offspring, with gender differences observed in adult offspring. The effect of Se deficiency on SOD activity only appeared in female offspring during adulthood but was shown in male offspring during weaning though it disappeared during adulthood. GDM and Se deficiency increased the risk of abnormal glucose metabolism in female offspring from weaning to adulthood but gradually decreased in male offspring. The influence on the expression of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway-related proteins showed the same trend. GDM and Se deficiency affected the growth and glucose metabolism of offspring through oxidative stress and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway-related proteins, and gender differences existed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Xu
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (W.X.); (J.G.); (Y.C.); (S.C.); (Y.W.); (Y.H.); (C.L.)
| | - Jiayu Gong
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (W.X.); (J.G.); (Y.C.); (S.C.); (Y.W.); (Y.H.); (C.L.)
| | - Yifei Chen
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (W.X.); (J.G.); (Y.C.); (S.C.); (Y.W.); (Y.H.); (C.L.)
| | - Yiru Chen
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Third Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130032, China;
| | - Shutong Chen
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (W.X.); (J.G.); (Y.C.); (S.C.); (Y.W.); (Y.H.); (C.L.)
| | - Yanyan Wu
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (W.X.); (J.G.); (Y.C.); (S.C.); (Y.W.); (Y.H.); (C.L.)
| | - Yuan He
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (W.X.); (J.G.); (Y.C.); (S.C.); (Y.W.); (Y.H.); (C.L.)
| | - Chenxu Li
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (W.X.); (J.G.); (Y.C.); (S.C.); (Y.W.); (Y.H.); (C.L.)
| | - Haitao Yu
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (W.X.); (J.G.); (Y.C.); (S.C.); (Y.W.); (Y.H.); (C.L.)
| | - Lin Xie
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (W.X.); (J.G.); (Y.C.); (S.C.); (Y.W.); (Y.H.); (C.L.)
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Sandgruber F, Höger AL, Kunze J, Schenz B, Griehl C, Kiehntopf M, Kipp K, Kühn J, Stangl GI, Lorkowski S, Dawczynski C. Impact of Regular Intake of Microalgae on Nutrient Supply and Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Results from the NovAL Intervention Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071645. [PMID: 37049486 PMCID: PMC10097350 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A 14-day randomized controlled study with a parallel design was conducted with 80 healthy participants. Intervention groups I (IG1) and II (IG2) received a defined background diet and consumed a smoothie enriched with either 15 g of Chlorella dry weight (d.w.) or 15 g of Microchloropsis d.w. daily. Control group II (CG2) received a defined background diet without the smoothie. Control group I (CG1) received neither. Blood samples and 24-h urine were collected at the beginning and the end of the study. Serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, vitamin D3, selenium, iron, ferritin, transferrin saturation, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol and the LDL-cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio decreased in IG1 (p < 0.05), while 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 increased (p < 0.05). In IG2, vitamin D3, 25-hydroxyvitamins D2 and D3 decreased (p < 0.05), while concentrations of fatty acids C20:5n3 and C22:5n3 increased. Serum and urine uric acid increased in IG1 and IG2 (p < 0.05). Microchloropsis is a valuable source of n3 fatty acids, as is Chlorella of vitamin D2. Regular consumption of Chlorella may affect the iron and selenium status negatively but may impact blood lipids positively. An elevated uric acid concentration in blood and urine following the regular consumption of microalgae poses potential risks for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Sandgruber
- Junior Research Group Nutritional Concepts, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Str. 29, 07743 Jena, Germany; (F.S.); (J.K.); (B.S.)
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Dornburger Str. 25, 07743 Jena, Germany; (J.K.); (G.I.S.); (S.L.)
| | - Anna-Lena Höger
- Competence Center Algal Biotechnology, Anhalt University of Applied Science, Bernburger Str. 55, 06366 Köthen, Germany; (A.-L.H.); (C.G.)
| | - Julia Kunze
- Junior Research Group Nutritional Concepts, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Str. 29, 07743 Jena, Germany; (F.S.); (J.K.); (B.S.)
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Dornburger Str. 25, 07743 Jena, Germany; (J.K.); (G.I.S.); (S.L.)
| | - Benjamin Schenz
- Junior Research Group Nutritional Concepts, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Str. 29, 07743 Jena, Germany; (F.S.); (J.K.); (B.S.)
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Dornburger Str. 25, 07743 Jena, Germany; (J.K.); (G.I.S.); (S.L.)
| | - Carola Griehl
- Competence Center Algal Biotechnology, Anhalt University of Applied Science, Bernburger Str. 55, 06366 Köthen, Germany; (A.-L.H.); (C.G.)
| | - Michael Kiehntopf
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany;
| | - Kristin Kipp
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Sophien- and Hufeland Hospital, Henry-Van-De-Velde-Str. 1, 99425 Weimar, Germany;
| | - Julia Kühn
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Dornburger Str. 25, 07743 Jena, Germany; (J.K.); (G.I.S.); (S.L.)
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 2, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Gabriele I. Stangl
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Dornburger Str. 25, 07743 Jena, Germany; (J.K.); (G.I.S.); (S.L.)
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 2, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Stefan Lorkowski
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Dornburger Str. 25, 07743 Jena, Germany; (J.K.); (G.I.S.); (S.L.)
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Str. 25, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Christine Dawczynski
- Junior Research Group Nutritional Concepts, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Str. 29, 07743 Jena, Germany; (F.S.); (J.K.); (B.S.)
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Dornburger Str. 25, 07743 Jena, Germany; (J.K.); (G.I.S.); (S.L.)
- Correspondence:
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Uribe-Wandurraga ZN, Igual M, García-Segovia P, Martínez-Monzó J. In vitro bioaccessibility of minerals from microalgae-enriched cookies. Food Funct 2020; 11:2186-2194. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02603g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae can be used as an ingredient to enrich cookies with minerals. Cookies enriched with microalgae presented a higher content in minerals compared to control samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marta Igual
- Universitat Politècnica de València
- Food Technology Department
- Food Investigation and Innovation Group
- 46022 Valencia
- Spain
| | - Purificación García-Segovia
- Universitat Politècnica de València
- Food Technology Department
- Food Investigation and Innovation Group
- 46022 Valencia
- Spain
| | - Javier Martínez-Monzó
- Universitat Politècnica de València
- Food Technology Department
- Food Investigation and Innovation Group
- 46022 Valencia
- Spain
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Production and chemical composition of two dehydrated fermented dairy products based on cow or goat milk. J DAIRY RES 2016; 83:81-8. [PMID: 26869113 DOI: 10.1017/s0022029915000722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify the differences between the main macro and micronutrients including proteins, fat, minerals and vitamins in cow and goat dehydrated fermented milks. Fermented goat milk had higher protein and lower ash content. All amino acids (except for Ala), were higher in fermented goat milk than in fermented cow milk. Except for the values of C11:0, C13:0, C16:0, C18:0, C20:5, C22:5 and the total quantity of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, all the other fatty acid studied were significantly different in both fermented milks. Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe, Cu and Se were higher in fermented goat milk. Fermented goat milk had lower amounts of folic acid, vitamin E and C, and higher values of vitamin A, D3, B6 and B12. The current study demonstrates the better nutritional characteristics of fermented goat milk, suggesting a potential role of this dairy product as a high nutritional value food.
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