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Individual Variability Is More Important Than Analytical Methods When Calculating Relative Speed of Beverage Bioavailability. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2023; 33:102-111. [PMID: 36634306 DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2022-0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Deuterium oxide (D2O) appearance in blood is a marker of fluid bioavailability. However, whether biomarker robustness (e.g., relative fluid delivery speed) is consistent across analytical methods (e.g., cavity ring-down spectroscopy) remains unclear. Fourteen men ingested fluid (6 ml/kg body mass) containing 0.15 g/kg D2O followed by 45 min blood sampling. Plasma (D2O) was detected (n = 8) by the following: isotope-ratio mass spectrometry after vapor equilibration (IRMS-equilibrated water) or distillation (IRMS-plasma) and cavity ring-down spectroscopy. Two models calculated D2O halftime to peak (t1/2max): sigmoid curve fit versus asymmetric triangle (TRI). Background (D2O) differed (p < .001, η2 = .98) among IRMS-equilibrated water, IRMS-plasma, and cavity ring-down spectroscopy (152.2 ± 0.8, 147.2 ± 1.5, and 137.7 ± 2.2 ppm), but did not influence (p > .05) D2O appearance (Δppm), time to peak, or t1/2max. Stratifying participants based on mean t1/2max (12 min) into "slow" versus "fast" subgroups resulted in a 5.8 min difference (p < .001, η2 = .73). Significant t1/2max model (p = .01, η2 = .44) and Model × Speed Subgroup interaction (p = .005, η2 = .50) effects were observed. Bias between TRI and sigmoid curve fit increased with t1/2max speed: no difference (p = .75) for fast (9.0 min vs. 9.2 min, respectively) but greater t1/2max (p = .001) with TRI for the slow subgroup (16.1 min vs. 13.7 min). Fluid bioavailability markers are less influenced by which laboratory method is used to measure D2O as compared with the individual variability effects that influence models for calculating t1/2max. Thus, TRI model may not be appropriate for individuals with slow fluid delivery speeds.
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Yang Y, Wei X, Zhang N, Zheng J, Chen X, Wen Q, Luo X, Lee CY, Liu X, Zhang X, Chen J, Tao C, Zhang W, Fan X. A non-printed integrated-circuit textile for wireless theranostics. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4876. [PMID: 34385436 PMCID: PMC8361012 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25075-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
While the printed circuit board (PCB) has been widely considered as the building block of integrated electronics, the world is switching to pursue new ways of merging integrated electronic circuits with textiles to create flexible and wearable devices. Herein, as an alternative for PCB, we described a non-printed integrated-circuit textile (NIT) for biomedical and theranostic application via a weaving method. All the devices are built as fibers or interlaced nodes and woven into a deformable textile integrated circuit. Built on an electrochemical gating principle, the fiber-woven-type transistors exhibit superior bending or stretching robustness, and were woven as a textile logical computing module to distinguish different emergencies. A fiber-type sweat sensor was woven with strain and light sensors fibers for simultaneously monitoring body health and the environment. With a photo-rechargeable energy textile based on a detailed power consumption analysis, the woven circuit textile is completely self-powered and capable of both wireless biomedical monitoring and early warning. The NIT could be used as a 24/7 private AI "nurse" for routine healthcare, diabetes monitoring, or emergencies such as hypoglycemia, metabolic alkalosis, and even COVID-19 patient care, a potential future on-body AI hardware and possibly a forerunner to fabric-like computers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Industrial Technology Research Institute of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaofei Wei
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Nannan Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Juanjuan Zheng
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Xing Chen
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Qian Wen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Industrial Technology Research Institute of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinxin Luo
- Industrial Technology Research Institute of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chong-Yew Lee
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Xingcai Zhang
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- School of Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Changyuan Tao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China.
| | - Xing Fan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
- Industrial Technology Research Institute of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
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Zech M, Benesch M, Hepp J, Polifka S, Glaser B. Sauna, sweat and science II - do we sweat what we drink? ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES 2019; 55:394-403. [PMID: 31257926 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2019.1635125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by a previous 'Sauna, sweat and science' study [Zech et al. Isot Environ Health Stud. 2015;51(3):439-447] and out of curiosity and enthusiasm for stable isotope and sauna research we aimed at answering the question 'do we sweat (isotopically) what we drink'? We, therefore, pulse-labelled five test persons in a sauna experiment with beverages that were 2H-enriched at about +25,600 ‰. Sweat samples were collected during six sauna rounds and the hydrogen isotope composition δ2Hsweat was determined using an isotope ratio mass spectrometer. Before pulse labelling, δ2Hsweat - reflecting by approximation body water - ranged from -32 to -22 ‰. This is ∼35 ‰ enriched compared to usual mid-European drinking water and can be explained with hydrogen-bearing food as well as with the respiratory loss of 2H-depleted vapour. The absence of a clearly detectable 2H pulse in sweat after pulse labelling and δ2Hsweat results of ≤+250 ‰ due to a fast 2H equilibration with body water are moreover a clearly negative answer to our research question also in a short-term consideration. Given that the recovery of the tracer based on an isotope mass balance calculation is clearly below 100 %, we finally answer the question 'where did the rest of the tracer go?'
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Zech
- a Department of Soil Biogeochemistry, Institute of Agronomy and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg , Halle , Germany
- b Institute of Geography, Technical University of Dresden , Dresden , Germany
| | - Marianne Benesch
- a Department of Soil Biogeochemistry, Institute of Agronomy and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg , Halle , Germany
| | - Johannes Hepp
- a Department of Soil Biogeochemistry, Institute of Agronomy and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg , Halle , Germany
| | - Steven Polifka
- a Department of Soil Biogeochemistry, Institute of Agronomy and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg , Halle , Germany
| | - Bruno Glaser
- a Department of Soil Biogeochemistry, Institute of Agronomy and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg , Halle , Germany
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