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Peel JS, McNarry MA, Heffernan SM, Nevola VR, Kilduff LP, Coates K, Dudley E, Waldron M. The effect of 8-day oral taurine supplementation on thermoregulation during low-intensity exercise at fixed heat production in hot conditions of incremental humidity. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024:10.1007/s00421-024-05478-3. [PMID: 38582816 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-024-05478-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the effect of taurine supplementation on sweating and core temperature responses, including the transition from compensable to uncompensable heat stress, during prolonged low-intensity exercise of a fixed-heat production (~ 200W/m2) in hot conditions (37.5 °C), at both fixed and incremental vapour-pressure. METHODS Fifteen females (n = 3) and males (n = 12; 27 ± 5 years, 78 ± 9 kg, V ˙ O2max 50.3 ± 7.8 mL/kg/min), completed a treadmill walking protocol (~ 200W/m2 heat production [Ḣprod]) in the heat (37.5 ± 0.1 °C) at fixed-(16-mmHg) and ramped-humidity (∆1.5-mmHg/5-min) following 1 week of oral taurine supplementation (50 mg/kg/bm) or placebo, in a double-blind, randomised, cross-over design. Participants were assessed for whole-body sweat loss (WBSL), local sweat rate (LSR), sweat gland activation (SGA), core temperature (Tcore), breakpoint of compensability (Pcrit) and calorimetric heat transfer components. Plasma volume and plasma taurine concentrations were established through pre- and post-trial blood samples. RESULTS Taurine supplementation increased WBSL by 26.6% and 5.1% (p = 0.035), LSR by 15.5% and 7.8% (p = 0.013), SGA (1 × 1 cm) by 32.2% and 29.9% (p < 0.001) and SGA (3 × 3 cm) by 22.1% and 17.1% (p = 0.015) during the fixed- and ramped-humidity exercise periods, respectively. Evaporative heat loss was enhanced by 27% (p = 0.010), heat-storage reduced by 72% (p = 0.024) and Pcrit was greater in taurine vs placebo (25.0-mmHg vs 21.7-mmHg; p = 0.002). CONCLUSION Taurine supplementation increased sweating responses during fixed Ḣprod in hot conditions, prior to substantial heat strain and before the breakpoint of compensability, demonstrating improved thermoregulatory capacity. The enhanced evaporative cooling and reduced heat-storage delayed the subsequent upward inflection in Tcore-represented by a greater Pcrit-and offers a potential dietary supplementation strategy to support thermoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S Peel
- A-STEM Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK.
| | - Melitta A McNarry
- A-STEM Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Shane M Heffernan
- A-STEM Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Venturino R Nevola
- A-STEM Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
- Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (Dstl), Fareham, Hampshire, UK
| | - Liam P Kilduff
- A-STEM Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
- Welsh Institute of Performance Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Kathryn Coates
- Swansea University Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Ed Dudley
- Swansea University Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Mark Waldron
- A-STEM Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
- Welsh Institute of Performance Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
- School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
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Park KT, Oh M, Joo Y, Han JK. Effects of gamma aminobutyric acid on performance, blood cell of broiler subjected to multi-stress environments. Anim Biosci 2023; 36:248-255. [PMID: 36108701 PMCID: PMC9834722 DOI: 10.5713/ab.22.0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Stress factors such as high temperatures, overcrowding, and diurnal temperature range exert profound negative effects on weight gain and productivity of broiler chickens. The potential of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) as an excitatory neurotransmitter was evaluated under various stress conditions in this study. METHODS The experiment was conducted under four different environmental conditions: normal, high temperature, overcrowded, and in an overcrowded-diurnal temperature range. The experimental groups were divided into (-) control group without stress, (+) control group with stress, and G50 group (GABA 50 mg/kg) with stress. Weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio were measured, and stress reduction was evaluated through hematologic analysis. RESULTS The effects of GABA on broilers in four experimental treatments were evaluated. GABA treated responded to environmental stress and improved productivity in all the experimental treatments. The magnitude of stress observed was highest at high temperature, followed by the overcrowded environment, and was least for the overcrowded-diurnal temperature range. CONCLUSION Various stress factors in livestock rearing environment can reduce productivity and increase disease incidence and mortality rate. To address these challenges, GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter, was shown to reduce stress caused due to various environmental conditions and improve productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keun-tae Park
- Research and Development Center, Milae Bioresources Co., Ltd., Seoul 05836,
Korea
| | - Mihyang Oh
- Research and Development Center, Milae Bioresources Co., Ltd., Seoul 05836,
Korea
| | - Younghye Joo
- Research and Development Center, Milae Bioresources Co., Ltd., Seoul 05836,
Korea
| | - Jong-Kwon Han
- Research and Development Center, Milae Bioresources Co., Ltd., Seoul 05836,
Korea,Corresponding Author: Jong-Kwon Han, Tel: +82-2-2203-7397, Fax: +82-2-2203-7398, E-mail:
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Intracerebroventricular injection taurine changes free amino acid concentrations in the brain and plasma in chicks. Amino Acids 2023; 55:183-192. [PMID: 36436082 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-022-03216-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Brain amino acid metabolism has been reported to regulate body temperature, feeding behavior and stress response. Central injection of taurine induced hypothermic and anorexigenic effects in chicks. However, it is still unknown how the amino acid metabolism is influenced by the central injection of taurine. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the changes in brain and plasma free amino acids following central injection of taurine. Five-day-old male Julia layer chicks (n = 10) were subjected to intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection with saline or taurine (5 µmol/10 µL). Central taurine increased tryptophan concentrations in the diencephalon, and decreased tyrosine in the diencephalon, brainstem, cerebellum, telencephalon and plasma at 30 min post-injection. Taurine was increased in all the brain parts after ICV taurine. Although histidine and cystathionine concentrations were increased in the diencephalon and brainstem, several amino acids such as isoleucine, arginine, methionine, phenylalanine, glutamic acid, asparagine, proline, and alanine were reduced following central injection of taurine. All amino acid concentrations were decreased in the plasma after ICV taurine. In conclusion, central taurine quickly changes free amino acid concentrations in the brain and plasma, which may have a role in thermoregulation, food intake and stress response in chicks.
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Oladokun S, Adewole DI. Biomarkers of heat stress and mechanism of heat stress response in Avian species: Current insights and future perspectives from poultry science. J Therm Biol 2022; 110:103332. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Nishimura H, Wang Y, Elhussiny MZ, Tran PV, Haraguchi S, Cockrem JF, Bungo T, Furuse M, Chowdhury VS. Central administration of neuropeptide Y reduces the cellular heat stress response and may enhance spleen antioxidative functions in heat-exposed chicks. Neurosci Lett 2022; 784:136749. [PMID: 35728682 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Previously it was found that mRNA expression of neuropeptide Y (NPY) was increased in the chicken brain under heat stress. NPY has also been reported as an anti-stress factor to regulate brain functions in heat-exposed chicks. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no report on the action of central NPY in the immune organs under heat stress. The aim of this study was to examine whether central injection of NPY can regulate heat stress response in the spleen and liver. After intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of NPY, chicks were exposed to control thermoneutral temperature (CT: 30 ± 1 °C) or high ambient temperature (HT: 35 ± 1 °C) chambers for 60 min. Central injection of NPY caused lowering in rectal temperature under CT, but not under HT. Moreover, ICV injection of NPY caused a significant lower mRNA expression of heat-shock protein-70 and higher expression of glutathione synthase in the spleen, but not liver. Furthermore, plasma uric acid concentrations were significantly increased by the ICV injection of NPY in chicks under HT. These results indicate that brain NPY may contribute to attenuate the intracellular heat stress response and enhance antioxidative status in the immune organ, spleen in chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Nishimura
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Ying Wang
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Mohamed Z Elhussiny
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; Department of Animal & Poultry Behavior and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan 81528, Egypt
| | - Phuong V Tran
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Shogo Haraguchi
- Department of Biochemistry, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - John F Cockrem
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Takashi Bungo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Imabari 794-8555, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Furuse
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Vishwajit S Chowdhury
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; Division for Experimental Natural Science, Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
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Elhussiny MZ, Nishimura H, Tran PV, Haraguchi S, Gilbert ER, Cline MA, Bungo T, Furuse M, Chowdhury VS. Intracerebroventricular injection of taurine induces hypothermia through modifying monoaminergic pathways in chicks. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 928:175092. [PMID: 35697149 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Brain monoamines are reported to regulate body temperature and food intake. The objective of this study was to investigate the mechanism of brain monoamine metabolism in taurine-induced hypothermia and appetite suppression. In Experiment 1, 5-day-old male Julia layer chicks (n = 10) were subjected to intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection with saline or taurine (5 μmol/10 μL). In Experiment 2, the chicks were ICV injected with saline, taurine, fusaric acid (dopamine-β-hydroxylase inhibitor: 558 nmol), or taurine with fusaric acid. In Experiment 3, the chicks were ICV injected with saline, taurine, para-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA, tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitor: 400 nmol), or taurine with PCPA. In Experiment 4, the chicks were ICV injected with saline, taurine, clorgyline (monoamine oxidase inhibitor: 81 nmol), or taurine with clorgyline. Central taurine lowered rectal temperature at 30 min post-injection and increased norepinephrine in the brainstem and its metabolite 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol in both the diencephalon and brainstem. Similarly, taurine treatment induced increases in serotonin (5-HT) and its metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in the diencephalon. Fusaric acid completely and PCPA partially, but not clorgyline, attenuated taurine-induced hypothermia. The anorexigenic effect of taurine was partially attenuated by PCPA, but not fusaric acid nor clorgyline. In conclusion, central taurine activates dopamine-β-hydroxylase and tryptophan hydroxylase to produce norepinephrine and 5-HT, and then induces hypothermia, but 5-HT alone may be linked with taurine-induced anorexia in chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Z Elhussiny
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan; Department of Animal & Poultry Behavior and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, 81528, Egypt
| | - Haruka Nishimura
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Phuong V Tran
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Shogo Haraguchi
- Department of Biochemistry, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Elizabeth R Gilbert
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061-0306, USA
| | - Mark A Cline
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061-0306, USA
| | - Takashi Bungo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Imabari, 794-8555, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Furuse
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Vishwajit S Chowdhury
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan; Division for Experimental Natural Science, Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
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Chowdhury VS, Han G, Elhussiny MZ, Ouchi Y, Tran PV, Nishimura H, Haraguchi S, Cockrem JF, Bungo T, Furuse M. Oral Administration of L-Citrulline Changes Brain Free Amino Acid and Monoamine Metabolism in Heat-Exposed Broiler Chickens. FRONTIERS IN ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2022.875572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
High ambient temperatures (HT) in summer are becoming more severe due to global warming, leading to severe adverse effects on poultry production. Recently, we have reported that oral administration of L-citrulline (L-Cit) can minimize hyperthermia in chickens under HT. However, whether oral L-Cit can enter the brain, the center for thermoregulation, has not been studied. We investigated the effects of oral administration of L-Cit on free amino acids and monoamines in the diencephalon region of the brain of heat-exposed broilers. Broilers were treated with L-Cit (40 mmol/20 ml/bird), then moved to a chamber at HT (30 ± 1°C) or to a thermoneutral temperature (CT: 22 ± 1°C) chamber for 2 h. Control groups were given methyl cellulose solution and placed in the CT or HT chambers. After 2 h of exposure to HT, there were increased brain concentrations of Cit in comparison with concentrations in broilers exposed to CT, whereas brain ornithine (Orn) concentrations were decreased, and arginine (Arg) concentrations were not changed. Interestingly, oral administration of L-Cit increased brain concentration of Cit, Arg, and Orn under both CT and HT. Tryptophan and its metabolite, serotonin (5-HT) concentrations were lower in the brain under HT than under CT. HT did not change brain concentrations of tyrosine, but dopamine (DA, a metabolite of tyrosine) concentrations decreased, and methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG, a metabolite of DA) concentrations increased in comparison with CT. Oral administration of L-Cit decreased brain concentrations of both tryptophan and tyrosine under CT and HT without changing 5-HT; however, DA levels declined under HT. Moreover, MHPG concentrations increased. In conclusion, these results suggest that metabolism of amino acids and metabolism of DA can be enhanced in the brain by oral administration of L-Cit. Metabolic changes in the brain in response to oral administration of L-Cit may influence the thermoregulatory center in the brain, leading to a reduction in body temperature and conferring thermotolerance in heat-exposed broiler chickens.
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Uyanga VA, Oke EO, Amevor FK, Zhao J, Wang X, Jiao H, Onagbesan OM, Lin H. Functional roles of taurine, L-theanine, L-citrulline, and betaine during heat stress in poultry. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:23. [PMID: 35264238 PMCID: PMC8908636 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00675-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) is an important environmental stress factor affecting poultry production on a global scale. With the rise in ambient temperature and increasing effects of global warming, it becomes pertinent to understand the effects of HS on poultry production and the strategies that can be adopted to mitigate its detrimental impacts on the performance, health, welfare, immunity, and survival of birds. Amino acids (AAs) have been increasingly adopted as nutritional modifiers in animals to ameliorate the adverse effects of HS. They are essential for protein synthesis, growth, maintenance, reproduction, immunity, stress response, and whole-body homeostasis. However, HS tends to adversely affect the availability, transport, absorption, and utilization of these AAs. Studies have investigated the provision of these AAs to poultry during HS conditions, and variable findings have been reported. Taurine, L-theanine, and L-citrulline are non-essential amino acids that are increasingly gaining attention as nutritional supplements in HS animals. Similarly, betaine is an amino acid derivative that possesses favorable biological properties which contributes to its role as a functional additive during HS. Of particular note, taurine is negligible in plants, while betaine, L-theanine, and L-citrulline can be found in selected plants. These nutrients are barely found in feed ingredients, but their supply has been shown to elicit important physiological roles including anti-stress effects, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, gut promoting, and immunomodulatory functions. The present review provides information on the use of these nutritionally and physiologically beneficial nutrients as functional additives to poultry diets during HS conditions. Presently, although several studies have reported on the positive effects of these additives in human and murine studies, however, there is limited information regarding their utilization during heat stress in poultry nutrition. Therefore, this review aims to expound on the functional properties of these nutrients, their potentials for HS alleviation, and to stimulate further researches on their biological roles in poultry nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Anthony Uyanga
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Emmanuel O Oke
- Department of Animal Physiology, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B, Abeokuta, Ogun State, 2240, Nigeria
| | - Felix Kwame Amevor
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jingpeng Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hongchao Jiao
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Okanlawon M Onagbesan
- Department of Animal Physiology, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B, Abeokuta, Ogun State, 2240, Nigeria
| | - Hai Lin
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong Province, China.
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Elhussiny MZ, Tran PV, Tsuru Y, Haraguchi S, Gilbert ER, Cline MA, Bungo T, Furuse M, Chowdhury VS. Central Taurine Attenuates Hyperthermia and Isolation Stress Behaviors Augmented by Corticotropin-Releasing Factor with Modifying Brain Amino Acid Metabolism in Neonatal Chicks. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12010083. [PMID: 35050205 PMCID: PMC8781603 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of centrally administered taurine on rectal temperature, behavioral responses and brain amino acid metabolism under isolation stress and the presence of co-injected corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF). Neonatal chicks were centrally injected with saline, 2.1 pmol of CRF, 2.5 μmol of taurine or both taurine and CRF. The results showed that CRF-induced hyperthermia was attenuated by co-injection with taurine. Taurine, alone or with CRF, significantly decreased the number of distress vocalizations and the time spent in active wakefulness, as well as increased the time spent in the sleeping posture, compared with the saline- and CRF-injected chicks. An amino acid chromatographic analysis revealed that diencephalic leucine, isoleucine, tyrosine, glutamate, asparagine, alanine, β-alanine, cystathionine and 3-methylhistidine were decreased in response to taurine alone or in combination with CRF. Central taurine, alone and when co-administered with CRF, decreased isoleucine, phenylalanine, tyrosine and cysteine, but increased glycine concentrations in the brainstem, compared with saline and CRF groups. The results collectively indicate that central taurine attenuated CRF-induced hyperthermia and stress behaviors in neonatal chicks, and the mechanism likely involves the repartitioning of amino acids to different metabolic pathways. In particular, brain leucine, isoleucine, cysteine, glutamate and glycine may be mobilized to cope with acute stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Z. Elhussiny
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; (M.Z.E.); (P.V.T.); (Y.T.); (M.F.)
- Department of Animal & Poultry Behavior and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan 81528, Egypt
| | - Phuong V. Tran
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; (M.Z.E.); (P.V.T.); (Y.T.); (M.F.)
| | - Yuriko Tsuru
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; (M.Z.E.); (P.V.T.); (Y.T.); (M.F.)
| | - Shogo Haraguchi
- Department of Biochemistry, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan;
| | - Elizabeth R. Gilbert
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0306, USA; (E.R.G.); (M.A.C.)
| | - Mark A. Cline
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0306, USA; (E.R.G.); (M.A.C.)
| | - Takashi Bungo
- Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan;
| | - Mitsuhiro Furuse
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; (M.Z.E.); (P.V.T.); (Y.T.); (M.F.)
| | - Vishwajit S. Chowdhury
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; (M.Z.E.); (P.V.T.); (Y.T.); (M.F.)
- Division of Experimental Natural Science, Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Correspondence:
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