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Zimmer J, Mueller L, Frank-Herrmann P, Rehnitz J, Dietrich JE, Bettendorf M, Strowitzki T, Krivega M. Low androgen signaling rescues genome integrity with innate immune response by reducing fertility in humans. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:30. [PMID: 38212646 PMCID: PMC10784536 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06397-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Development of the gonads under complex androgen regulation is critical for germ cells specification. In this work we addressed the relationship between androgens and genomic integrity determining human fertility. We used different study groups: individuals with Differences of Sex Development (DSD), including Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (CAIS) due to mutated androgen receptor (AR), and men with idiopathic nonobstructive azoospermia. Both showed genome integrity status influenced by androgen signaling via innate immune response activation in blood and gonads. Whole proteome analysis connected low AR to interleukin-specific gene expression, while compromised genome stability and tumorigenesis were also supported by interferons. AR expression was associated with predominant DNA damage phenotype, that eliminated AR-positive Sertoli cells as the degeneration of gonads increased. Low AR contributed to resistance from the inhibition of DNA repair in primary leukocytes. Downregulation of androgen promoted apoptosis and specific innate immune response with higher susceptibility in cells carrying genomic instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zimmer
- Research Group of Gonadal Differentiation and Embryonic Development, Department of Gynecological Endocrinology & Fertility Disorders, Women Hospital, University of Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - L Mueller
- Research Group of Gonadal Differentiation and Embryonic Development, Department of Gynecological Endocrinology & Fertility Disorders, Women Hospital, University of Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Frank-Herrmann
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology & Fertility Disorders, Women Hospital, University of Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Rehnitz
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology & Fertility Disorders, Women Hospital, University of Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J E Dietrich
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology & Fertility Disorders, Women Hospital, University of Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Bettendorf
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Children's Hospital, University of Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Strowitzki
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology & Fertility Disorders, Women Hospital, University of Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Krivega
- Research Group of Gonadal Differentiation and Embryonic Development, Department of Gynecological Endocrinology & Fertility Disorders, Women Hospital, University of Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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2
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Hardy J, Pollock N, Gingrich T, Sweet P, Ramesh A, Kuong J, Basar A, Jiang H, Hwang K, Vukina J, Jaffe T, Olszewska M, Kurpisz M, Yatsenko AN. Genomic testing for copy number and single nucleotide variants in spermatogenic failure. J Assist Reprod Genet 2022; 39:2103-2114. [PMID: 35849255 PMCID: PMC9474750 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-022-02538-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify clinically significant genomic copy number (CNV) and single nucleotide variants (SNV) in males with unexplained spermatogenic failure (SPGF). MATERIALS AND METHODS Peripheral blood DNA from 97/102 study participants diagnosed with oligozoospermia, severe oligozoospermia, or non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) was analyzed for CNVs via array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) and SNVs using whole-exome sequencing (WES). RESULTS Of the 2544 CNVs identified in individuals with SPGF, > 90% were small, ranging from 0.6 to 75 kb. Thirty, clinically relevant genomic aberrations, were detected in 28 patients (~ 29%). These included likely diagnostic CNVs in 3/41 NOA patients (~ 7%): 1 hemizygous, intragenic TEX11 deletion, 1 hemizygous DDX53 full gene deletion, and 1 homozygous, intragenic STK11 deletion. High-level mosaicism for X chromosome disomy (~ 10% 46,XY and ~ 90% 47,XXY) was also identified in 3 of 41 NOA patients who previously tested normal with conventional karyotyping. The remaining 24 CNVs detected were heterozygous, autosomal recessive carrier variants. Follow-up WES analysis confirmed 8 of 27 (30%) CNVs (X chromosome disomy excluded). WES analysis additionally identified 13 significant SNVs and/or indels in 9 patients (~ 9%) including X-linked AR, KAL1, and NR0B1 variants. CONCLUSION Using a combined genome-wide aCGH/WES approach, we identified pathogenic and likely pathogenic SNVs and CNVs in 15 patients (15%) with unexplained SPGF. This value equals the detection rate of conventional testing for aneuploidies and is considerably higher than the prevalence of Y chromosome microdeletions. Our results underscore the importance of comprehensive genomic analysis in emerging diagnostic testing of complex conditions like male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hardy
- Department of OBGYN and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 204 Craft Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - N Pollock
- Department of OBGYN and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 204 Craft Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - T Gingrich
- Department of OBGYN and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 204 Craft Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - P Sweet
- Department of OBGYN and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 204 Craft Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - A Ramesh
- Department of OBGYN and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 204 Craft Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - J Kuong
- Department of OBGYN and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 204 Craft Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - A Basar
- Department of OBGYN and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 204 Craft Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - H Jiang
- Department of OBGYN and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 204 Craft Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - K Hwang
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - J Vukina
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - T Jaffe
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - M Olszewska
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - M Kurpisz
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - A N Yatsenko
- Department of OBGYN and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 204 Craft Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
- Department of Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
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Tunç E, Ilgaz S. Robertsonian translocation (13;14) and its clinical manifestations: A literature review. Reprod Biomed Online 2022; 45:563-573. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2022.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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El-Dahtory F, Yahia S, Rasheed RA, Wahba Y. Prevalence and patterns of chromosomal abnormalities among Egyptian patients with infertility: a single institution’s 5-year experience. MIDDLE EAST FERTILITY SOCIETY JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43043-022-00101-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Chromosomal abnormalities represent an important cause of human infertility. Little is known about the prevalence of chromosomal abnormalities among Egyptian couples with infertility. We estimated the cytogenetic profiles and semen analysis patterns among infertile couples. We analyzed data from medical archives of 2150 patients with infertility in Mansoura University Children’s Hospital, Egypt from 2015 to 2019. The data included karyotypes and semen analysis reports.
Results
Chromosomal abnormalities were reported in 13.5% of infertile patients (290/2150); 150 out of 1290 (11.62%) males and 140 out of 860 (16.28%) females. Within the infertile males, the numerical chromosomal abnormalities were detected in 134/1290 (10.38%) males, and structural abnormalities were found in 16/1290 (1.24%) males. Within the infertile females, numerical sex chromosome abnormalities were detected in 75/860 (8.72%) females, structural sex chromosome abnormalities were found in 31/860 (3.6%) females, mosaicism of the sex chromosome was found in 22/860 (2.56%) females, and male pseudohermaphrodites were detected in 12/860 (1.39%) females.
Conclusions
Numerical chromosomal aberrations are the most frequent patterns among infertile couples. Attention should be paid to the traditional chromosomal analysis as an important diagnostic step in the infertility work-up.
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Fukami M, Miyado M. Mosaic loss of the Y chromosome and men's health. Reprod Med Biol 2022; 21:e12445. [PMID: 35386373 PMCID: PMC8967293 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maki Fukami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology National Research Institute for Child Health and Development Tokyo Japan
| | - Mami Miyado
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology National Research Institute for Child Health and Development Tokyo Japan
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Reproductive outcomes in individuals with chromosomal reciprocal translocations. Genet Med 2021; 23:1753-1760. [PMID: 33972719 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-021-01195-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with reciprocal balanced translocations (RBT) have a risk for recurrent pregnancy losses (RPL), affected child, and infertility. Currently, genetic counseling is based on karyotypes found among the products of conception (POC), although factors influencing the success of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) in RBT couples are not established. METHODS Cytogenetic results from 261 POC and offspring of the parents (113 women and 90 men) with RBT were evaluated. Chromosome segregation modes and number of euploid embryos were assessed in couples undergoing in vitro fertilization. RESULTS Patients with translocations involving an acrocentric chromosome have a higher risk of unbalanced gametes caused by a 3:1 segregation. Female RBT patients have a statistically higher risk of aneuploidy due to an interchromosomal effect. The rate of euploid embryos is low due to meiosis I malsegregation of RBT, meiosis II nondisjunction, additional whole chromosome or segmental aneusomies. RBT patients with RPL have a higher rate of miscarriage of euploid fetuses with RBT. CONCLUSION Chromosome-specific factors, female gender, age, and history of RPL are the risk elements influencing pregnancy and in vitro fertilization success in RBT patients. Chromosomal microarray analysis of POC is necessary to provide an accurate and timely diagnosis for patients with adverse reproductive outcomes.
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Lower total motile count is associated with smaller historic intergenerational family size: a pedigree analysis from the Utah Population Database. J Assist Reprod Genet 2021; 38:1207-1213. [PMID: 33629176 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-021-02115-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the association between contemporary total motile count (TMC), a measure of male factor infertility, and historic intergenerational family size. METHODS This is a retrospective, population-based, cohort study of men who underwent semen analysis for infertility workup at University of Utah, with at least a single measure of TMC, who were linked to extensive genealogical data. Two thousand one hundred eighty-two pedigree branches of men with a measure of TMC within the UPDB were identified. We identified the average number of generations and offspring within each generation. Conditional logistic regression models were used to assess the association between the risk of having a TMC in the 5th or 25th percentile and intergenerational family size. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to assess the association between interval-level TMC and the number of ancestral offspring. RESULTS We found no association between intergenerational size and TMC within the 5th percentile (TMC < 4 million; RR = 0.97, 95% CI 0.93-1.01) or the 25th percentile (TMC < 62 million; RR = 1.00, 95% CI 0.97-1.03). When TMC was analyzed as a continuous variable, we found that lower TMC is associated with smaller intergenerational family size. For every additional child in their ancestral pedigree, we observed an increase in TMC of 1.88 million (p = 0.03). Men in the top quartile for intergenerational family size had a TMC that was 48 million higher than men in the bottom quartile (p = 0.047). CONCLUSIONS We found an association between TMC and ancestral family size, suggesting that lower TMC is associated with smaller intergenerational family size.
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Suzuki E, Kobori Y, Katsumi M, Ushijima K, Uchiyama T, Okada H, Miyado M, Fukami M. Copy-number analysis of Y-linked loci in young men with non-obstructive azoospermia: Implications for the rarity of early onset mosaic loss of chromosome Y. Reprod Med Biol 2020; 19:178-181. [PMID: 32273824 PMCID: PMC7138941 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Mosaic loss of chromosome Y (mLOY) is a common feature in elderly men. If mLOY can also occur in young men, it may lead to spermatogenic failure due to loss of spermatogenic genes. Indeed, previous studies detected the 45,X/46,XY karyotype in a few young men with spermatogenic failure. The present study aimed to clarify the frequency of cryptic mLOY in reproductive-aged men with spermatogenic failure. METHODS We studied 198 men at ages 24-55 years who presented with etiology-unknown non-obstructive azoospermia. Prior this study, these patients underwent G-banding analysis for 20 leukocytes and were found to have 46,XY karyotype. We analyzed copy numbers of chromosome Y in blood cells by using semi-quantitative multiplex PCR for AMELY/AMELX, array-based comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) for the AMELY locus, and droplet digital PCR for SRY, USP9Y, and UTY. RESULTS Multiplex PCR showed borderline low AMELY/AMELX ratios in three patients. However, for the three patients, CGH excluded deletion of the AMELY locus, and droplet digital PCR suggested preserved copy numbers of all tested loci. CONCLUSION This study highlights the rarity of leukocyte mLOY in reproductive-aged men with spermatogenic failure. In addition, our data imply that standard karyotyping is sufficient to screen early onset mLOY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erina Suzuki
- Department of Molecular EndocrinologyNational Research Institute for Child Health and DevelopmentTokyoJapan
| | - Yoshitomo Kobori
- Department of UrologyDokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical CenterKoshigayaJapan
| | - Momori Katsumi
- Department of Molecular EndocrinologyNational Research Institute for Child Health and DevelopmentTokyoJapan
- Department of NCCHD Child Health and DevelopmentGraduate SchoolTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Kikumi Ushijima
- Department of Molecular EndocrinologyNational Research Institute for Child Health and DevelopmentTokyoJapan
| | - Toru Uchiyama
- Department of Human GeneticsNational Research Institute for Child Health and DevelopmentTokyoJapan
| | - Hiroshi Okada
- Department of UrologyDokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical CenterKoshigayaJapan
| | - Mami Miyado
- Department of Molecular EndocrinologyNational Research Institute for Child Health and DevelopmentTokyoJapan
| | - Maki Fukami
- Department of Molecular EndocrinologyNational Research Institute for Child Health and DevelopmentTokyoJapan
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9
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Patel DP, Jenkins TG, Aston KI, Guo J, Pastuszak AW, Hanson HA, Hotaling JM. Harnessing the full potential of reproductive genetics and epigenetics for male infertility in the era of "big data". Fertil Steril 2020; 113:478-488. [PMID: 32089255 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The complexity of male reproductive impairment has hampered characterization of the underlying genetic causes of male infertility. However, in the last 20 years, more powerful and affordable tools to interrogate the genetic and epigenetic determinants of male infertility have accelerated the number of new discoveries in the characterization of male infertility. With this explosion of new data, integration in a systems-based approach-including complete phenotypic information-to male infertility is imperative. We briefly review the current understanding of genetic and epigenetic causes of male infertility and how findings may be translated into a practical component for the diagnosis and treatment of male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darshan P Patel
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Tim G Jenkins
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Kenneth I Aston
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Jingtao Guo
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Oncological Sciences and Huntsman Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Alexander W Pastuszak
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Heidi A Hanson
- Department of Surgery and Population Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - James M Hotaling
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.
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10
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Cerván-Martín M, Castilla JA, Palomino-Morales RJ, Carmona FD. Genetic Landscape of Nonobstructive Azoospermia and New Perspectives for the Clinic. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9020300. [PMID: 31973052 PMCID: PMC7074441 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) represents the most severe expression of male infertility, involving around 1% of the male population and 10% of infertile men. This condition is characterised by the inability of the testis to produce sperm cells, and it is considered to have an important genetic component. During the last two decades, different genetic anomalies, including microdeletions of the Y chromosome, karyotype defects, and missense mutations in genes involved in the reproductive function, have been described as the primary cause of NOA in many infertile men. However, these alterations only explain around 25% of azoospermic cases, with the remaining patients showing an idiopathic origin. Recent studies clearly suggest that the so-called idiopathic NOA has a complex aetiology with a polygenic inheritance, which may alter the spermatogenic process. Although we are far from a complete understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying NOA, the use of the new technologies for genetic analysis has enabled a considerable increase in knowledge during the last years. In this review, we will provide a comprehensive and updated overview of the genetic basis of NOA, with a special focus on the possible application of the recent insights in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Cerván-Martín
- Departamento de Genética e Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, Centro de Investigación Biomédica (CIBM), Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud, Av. del Conocimiento, s/n, 18016 Granada, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Av. de Madrid, 15, Pabellón de Consultas Externas 2, 2ª Planta, 18012 Granada, Spain; (J.A.C.); (R.J.P.-M.)
| | - José A. Castilla
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Av. de Madrid, 15, Pabellón de Consultas Externas 2, 2ª Planta, 18012 Granada, Spain; (J.A.C.); (R.J.P.-M.)
- Unidad de Reproducción, UGC Obstetricia y Ginecología, HU Virgen de las Nieves, Av. de las Fuerzas Armadas 2, 18014 Granada, Spain
- CEIFER Biobanco—NextClinics, Calle Maestro Bretón 1, 18004 Granada, Spain
| | - Rogelio J. Palomino-Morales
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Av. de Madrid, 15, Pabellón de Consultas Externas 2, 2ª Planta, 18012 Granada, Spain; (J.A.C.); (R.J.P.-M.)
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Universidad de Granada, Facultad de Ciencias, Av. de Fuente Nueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - F. David Carmona
- Departamento de Genética e Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, Centro de Investigación Biomédica (CIBM), Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud, Av. del Conocimiento, s/n, 18016 Granada, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Av. de Madrid, 15, Pabellón de Consultas Externas 2, 2ª Planta, 18012 Granada, Spain; (J.A.C.); (R.J.P.-M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-958-241-000 (ext 20170)
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Thirumavalavan N, Gabrielsen JS, Lamb DJ. Where are we going with gene screening for male infertility? Fertil Steril 2019; 111:842-850. [PMID: 31029238 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Male infertility is a heterogenous disease process requiring the proper functioning and interaction of thousands of genes. Given the number of genes involved, it is thought that genetic causes contribute to most cases of infertility. Identifying these causes, however, is challenging. Infertility is associated with negative health outcomes, such as cancer, highlighting the need to further understand the genetic underpinnings of this condition. This paper describes the genetic and genomic tests currently available to identify the etiology of male infertility and then will discuss emerging technologies that may facilitate diagnosis and treatment of in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dolores J Lamb
- Department of Urology, Center for Reproductive Genomics and Caryle and Israel Englander, Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell School of Medicine, New York, New York.
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12
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Kohn TP, Kohn JR, Owen RC, Coward RM. The Prevalence of Y-chromosome Microdeletions in Oligozoospermic Men: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of European and North American Studies. Eur Urol 2019; 76:626-636. [PMID: 31400948 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2019.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT European and North American guidelines recommend Y-chromosome microdeletion (YCM) screening in azoospermic and oligozoospermic men with sperm concentrations of <5 million sperm/ml; however, numerous studies have suggested that YCMs are rare when sperm concentrations are >1 million sperm/ml. OBJECTIVE We systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed European and North American studies to determine the prevalence of a complete YCM in oligozoospermic men with sperm concentrations of >0-1, >1-5, and >5-20 million sperm/ml, and to determine whether 1 or 5 million sperm/ml is the most appropriate sperm concentration threshold for YCM screening. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A systematic review of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov was performed for studies assessing the prevalence of a complete YCM in oligozoospermic men in European and North American studies. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Thirty-seven studies were identified during a systematic review (n = 12 492 oligozoospermic men). All complete YCMs in oligozoospermic men were AZFc microdeletions. Eighteen studies contained data conducive to meta-analysis (n = 10 866 men). Comparing the pooled estimated prevalence by sperm concentration, complete YCMs were significantly more common in men with sperm concentrations of >0-1 million sperm/ml (5.0% [95% confidence interval {CI}: 3.6-6.8%]) versus >1-5 million sperm/ml (0.8% [95% CI: 0.5-1.3%], p < 0.001). YCMs were similar in men with sperm concentrations of >1-5 and >5-20 million sperm/ml (0.8% [95% CI: 0.5-1.3%] vs 0.5% [95% CI: 0.2-0.9%], p = 0.14). CONCLUSIONS In Europe and North America, the majority of YCMs occur in men with sperm concentrations of ≤1 million sperm/ml, with <1% identified in men with >1 million sperm/ml. Male infertility guidelines for North America and Europe should reconsider the sperm concentration screening thresholds to recommend testing for YCMs only for men with sperm concentrations of <1 million sperm/ml. PATIENT SUMMARY Complete Y-chromosome microdeletions (YCMs) are rare in men with >1 million sperm/ml. Routine screening for YCMs should occur only if sperm concentration is ≤1 million sperm/ml.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor P Kohn
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Jaden R Kohn
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ryan C Owen
- Department of Urology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - R Matthew Coward
- Department of Urology, University of North Caroline School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; UNC Fertility LLC, Raleigh, NC, USA
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13
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Miyado M, Fukami M. Losing maleness: Somatic Y chromosome loss at every stage of a man's life. FASEB Bioadv 2019; 1:350-352. [PMID: 32123838 PMCID: PMC6996334 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2019-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mosaic loss of Y chromosome (LOY) is assumed to be among the most common acquired genetic variations in elderly people. Recent studies have linked aging-related mosaic LOY to the risk of Alzheimer's disease, cancer, and early death. Here, we propose that mosaic LOY can present in men at any age. Mosaic LOY appears to be associated with disorders of sex development and Turner syndrome at birth, short stature from childhood, and spermatogenic failure at reproductive age, in addition to shortened survival after 60 years of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mami Miyado
- Department of Molecular EndocrinologyNational Research Institute for Child Health and DevelopmentTokyoJapan
| | - Maki Fukami
- Department of Molecular EndocrinologyNational Research Institute for Child Health and DevelopmentTokyoJapan
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Zhao P, Gu X, Wu H, Deng X. Molecular and cytogenetic analysis of infertile Hakka men with azoospermia and severe oligozoospermia in southern China. J Int Med Res 2019; 47:1114-1123. [PMID: 30614339 PMCID: PMC6421395 DOI: 10.1177/0300060518816253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of chromosome abnormalities and azoospermia factor (AZF) microdeletions in Hakka men with infertility in southern China. METHODS Hakka male patients, who received clinical counselling for infertility between August 2016 and October 2017, and fertile male controls, were enrolled into this retrospective study. Patients diagnosed with infertility and controls underwent cytogenetic analysis by standard G-banding; AZF microdeletions were examined by multiplex polymerase chain reaction and capillary electrophoresis. RESULTS Out of 918 male patients who received fertility counselling, 57 were diagnosed with infertility due to azoospermia or severe oligozoospermia. Of these infertile patients, 22.81% (13/57) carried chromosome abnormalities, with 47, XXY being the most common abnormal karyotype. In addition, 36.84% (21/57) presented with Y chromosome microdeletions, most frequently in the complete AZFc and partial AZFc region. Duplication of the AZFc region was found in three patients. No AZF microdeletions were found in 60 fertile male controls. CONCLUSION The high AZF microdeletion frequency in the current Hakka population suggests that AZF microdeletion analysis is essential in fertility screening, and combined with cytogenetic analysis, may influence the choice of assisted reproductive techniques and reduce the risk of inherited genetic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingsen Zhao
- 1 Clinical Core Laboratory, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University, Meizhou, China.,2 Centre for Precision Medicine, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University, Meizhou, China.,3 Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou, China.,4 Meizhou Municipal Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou, China.,5 Meizhou Municipal Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Molecular Diagnostics of Major Genetic Disorders, Meizhou, China.,6 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translational Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Gu
- 1 Clinical Core Laboratory, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University, Meizhou, China.,2 Centre for Precision Medicine, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University, Meizhou, China.,3 Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou, China.,4 Meizhou Municipal Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou, China.,5 Meizhou Municipal Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Molecular Diagnostics of Major Genetic Disorders, Meizhou, China.,6 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translational Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou, China
| | - Heming Wu
- 1 Clinical Core Laboratory, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University, Meizhou, China.,2 Centre for Precision Medicine, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University, Meizhou, China.,3 Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou, China.,4 Meizhou Municipal Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou, China.,5 Meizhou Municipal Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Molecular Diagnostics of Major Genetic Disorders, Meizhou, China.,6 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translational Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou, China
| | - Xunwei Deng
- 1 Clinical Core Laboratory, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University, Meizhou, China.,2 Centre for Precision Medicine, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University, Meizhou, China.,3 Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou, China.,4 Meizhou Municipal Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou, China.,5 Meizhou Municipal Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Molecular Diagnostics of Major Genetic Disorders, Meizhou, China.,6 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translational Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou, China
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Kovaleva NV. Homologous Robertsonian Translocations: Spectrum, Sex Ratios, and Reproductive Risks. RUSS J GENET+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795419010095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Chromosomal scan of single sperm cells by combining fluorescence-activated cell sorting and next-generation sequencing. J Assist Reprod Genet 2018; 36:91-97. [PMID: 30411275 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-018-1340-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to develop a feasible approach for single sperm isolation and chromosome analysis by next-generation sequencing (NGS). METHODS Single sperm cells were isolated from semen samples of normozoospermic male and an infertile reciprocal translocation (RcT) carrier with the 46,XY,t(7;13)(p12;q12.1) karyotype using the optimized fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) technique. Genome profiling was performed using NGS. RESULTS Following whole-genome amplification, NGS, and quality control, the final chromosome analysis was performed on 31 and 6 single cell samples derived from the RcT carrier and normozoospermic male, respectively. All sperm cells from normozoospermic male showed a normal haploid 23-chromosome profile. For the RcT carrier, the sequencing data revealed that 64.5% of sperm cells harbored different variants of chromosome aberrations, involving deletion of 7p or 7q, duplication of 7p, and duplication of 13q, which is concordant with the expected chromosome segregation patterns observed in balanced translocation carriers. In one sample, a duplication of 9q was also detected. CONCLUSIONS We optimized FACS protocol for simple and efficient isolation of single human sperm cells that subsequently enabled a successful genome-wide chromosome profiling and identification of segmental aneuploidies from these individual cells, following NGS analysis. This approach may be useful for analyzing semen samples of infertile men or chromosomal aberration carriers to facilitate the reproductive risk assessment.
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Barratt CLR, Björndahl L, De Jonge CJ, Lamb DJ, Osorio Martini F, McLachlan R, Oates RD, van der Poel S, St John B, Sigman M, Sokol R, Tournaye H. The diagnosis of male infertility: an analysis of the evidence to support the development of global WHO guidance-challenges and future research opportunities. Hum Reprod Update 2017; 23:660-680. [PMID: 28981651 PMCID: PMC5850791 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmx021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herein, we describe the consensus guideline methodology, summarize the evidence-based recommendations we provided to the World Health Organization (WHO) for their consideration in the development of global guidance and present a narrative review of the diagnosis of male infertility as related to the eight prioritized (problem or population (P), intervention (I), comparison (C) and outcome(s) (O) (PICO)) questions. Additionally, we discuss the challenges and research gaps identified during the synthesis of this evidence. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE The aim of this paper is to present an evidence-based approach for the diagnosis of male infertility as related to the eight prioritized PICO questions. SEARCH METHODS Collating the evidence to support providing recommendations involved a collaborative process as developed by WHO, namely: identification of priority questions and critical outcomes; retrieval of up-to-date evidence and existing guidelines; assessment and synthesis of the evidence; and the formulation of draft recommendations to be used for reaching consensus with a wide range of global stakeholders. For each draft recommendation the quality of the supporting evidence was then graded and assessed for consideration during a WHO consensus. OUTCOMES Evidence was synthesized and recommendations were drafted to address the diagnosis of male infertility specifically encompassing the following: What is the prevalence of male infertility and what proportion of infertility is attributable to the male? Is it necessary for all infertile men to undergo a thorough evaluation? What is the clinical (ART/non ART) value of traditional semen parameters? What key male lifestyle factors impact on fertility (focusing on obesity, heat and tobacco smoking)? Do supplementary oral antioxidants or herbal therapies significantly influence fertility outcomes for infertile men? What are the evidence-based criteria for genetic screening of infertile men? How does a history of neoplasia and related treatments in the male impact on (his and his partner's) reproductive health and fertility options? And lastly, what is the impact of varicocele on male fertility and does correction of varicocele improve semen parameters and/or fertility? WIDER IMPLICATIONS This evidence synthesis analysis has been conducted in a manner to be considered for global applicability for the diagnosis of male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L R Barratt
- Department of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Medical School, Ninewells Hospital, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland
| | - Lars Björndahl
- Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | - Robert D Oates
- Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sheryl van der Poel
- Department of Reproductive Health and Research, Human Reproduction Programme, (HRP, The UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction), WHO, Geneva, Switzerland
- Population Council, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bianca St John
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Australia
| | - Mark Sigman
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, RI, USA
| | - Rebecca Sokol
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, CA, USA
| | - Herman Tournaye
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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Xie C, Chen X, Liu Y, Wu Z, Ping P. Multicenter study of genetic abnormalities associated with severe oligospermia and non-obstructive azoospermia. J Int Med Res 2017; 46:107-114. [PMID: 28730893 PMCID: PMC6011285 DOI: 10.1177/0300060517718771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Chong Xie, Xiangfeng Chen, and Yulin Liu contributed equally to this work. Genetic defects are identified in nearly 20% of infertile males. Determining the frequency and types of major genetic abnormalities in severe male infertility helps inform appropriate genetic counseling before assisted reproductive techniques.
Methods Cytogenetic results of 912 patients with non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) and severe oligozoospermia (SOS) in Eastern China were reviewed in this multicenter study from January 2011 to December 2015. Controls were 215 normozoospermic men with offspring. Results Among all patients, 22.6% (206/912) had genetic abnormalities, including 27.3% (146/534) of NOA patients and 15.9% (60/378) of SOS patients. Chromosomal abnormalities (all autosomal) were detected in only 1.9% (4 /215) of controls. In NOA patients, sex chromosomal abnormalities were identified in 25.8% (138/534), of which 8% (43/534) had a 47,XXY karyotype or its mosaic; higher than the SOS group prevalence (1.1%; 4/378). The incidence of Y chromosome microdeletions was lower in the SOS group (13.2%; 50/378) than in the NOA group (17.8%; 95/534). Conclusions The high prevalence of genetic abnormalities in our study indicates the importance of routine genetic testing in severe male infertility diagnosis. This may help determine the choice of assisted reproductive technique and allow specific pre-implantation genetic testing to minimize the risk of transmitting genetic defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Xie
- 1 Assisted Reproductive Center, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangfeng Chen
- 2 Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Human Sperm Bank, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulin Liu
- 3 Shanghai Ji Ai Genetic and IVF Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengmu Wu
- 1 Assisted Reproductive Center, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Ping
- 1 Assisted Reproductive Center, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Takeda T, Iwatsuki S, Hamakawa T, Mizuno K, Kamiya H, Umemoto Y, Kubota H, Kubota Y, Sasaki S, Yasui T. Chromosomal anomalies and sperm retrieval outcomes of patients with non-obstructive azoospermia: a case series. Andrology 2017; 5:473-476. [DOI: 10.1111/andr.12338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Takeda
- Department of Nephro-urology; Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Nagoya Japan
| | - S. Iwatsuki
- Department of Nephro-urology; Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Nagoya Japan
| | - T. Hamakawa
- Department of Nephro-urology; Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Nagoya Japan
| | - K. Mizuno
- Department of Nephro-urology; Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Nagoya Japan
| | - H. Kamiya
- Department of Nephro-urology; Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Nagoya Japan
| | - Y. Umemoto
- Department of Nephro-urology; Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Nagoya Japan
| | - H. Kubota
- Department of Nephro-urology; Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Nagoya Japan
| | - Y. Kubota
- Department of Nephro-urology; Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Nagoya Japan
| | - S. Sasaki
- Department of Nephro-urology; Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Nagoya Japan
| | - T. Yasui
- Department of Nephro-urology; Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Nagoya Japan
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Pérez-González E, Domínguez-Castro M, Castro-Llamas J, Quintana-Palma M, Zavaleta-Abreu M, Grether-González P, Echavarría-Sánchez M, Rodríguez-Suárez P, Aguinaga-Ríos M. Alteraciones cromosómicas y decisiones reproductivas en pacientes con infertilidad masculina de causa genética. PERINATOLOGÍA Y REPRODUCCIÓN HUMANA 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rprh.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Mierla D, Malageanu M, Tulin R, Albu D. Prevalence of chromosomal abnormalities in infertile couples in romania. Balkan J Med Genet 2015; 18:23-30. [PMID: 26929902 PMCID: PMC4768822 DOI: 10.1515/bjmg-2015-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to establish a correlation between the presence of chromosomal abnormalities in one of the partners and infertility. This retrospective study was performed at the Department of Reproductive Medicine, Life Memorial Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, between August 2007 to December 2011. Two thousand, one hundred and ninety-five patients with reproductive problems were investigated, and the frequency of chromosomal abnormalities was calculated. The control group consisting of 87 fertile persons who had two or more children, was investigated in this retrospective study. All the patients of this study were investigated by cytogenetic techniques and the results of the two groups were compared by a two-tailed Fisher's exact test. In this study, 94.99% patients had a normal karyotype and 5.01% had chromosomal abnormalities (numerical and structural chromosomal abnormalities). In the study group, numerical chromosomal abnormalities were detected in 1.14% of infertile men and 0.62% of infertile women, and structural chromosomal abnormalities were detected in 1.38% of infertile men and 1.87% of infertile women, respectively. The correlation between the incidence of chromosomal anomalies in the two sexes in couple with reproductive problems was not statistically significant. Recently, a possible association between infertility and chromosomal abnormalities with a significant statistical association has been reported. Our study shows that there is no association between chromosomal abnormalities and infertility, but this study needs to be confirmed with further investigations and a larger control group to establish the role of chromosomal abnormalities in the etiology of infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Mierla
- Department of Genetics, Life Memorial Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - M Malageanu
- Department of Genetics, Life Memorial Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - R Tulin
- Department of Genetics, Life Memorial Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Gynecology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - D Albu
- Department of Genetics, Life Memorial Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Gynecology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
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Niederberger C. Re: successful testicular sperm retrieval in adolescents with Klinefelter syndrome treated with at least 1 year of topical testosterone and aromatase inhibitor. J Urol 2015; 192:180-1. [PMID: 25629113 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2014.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Re: Phenotypic Differences in Mosaic Klinefelter Patients as Compared with Non-Mosaic Klinefelter Patients. J Urol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2014.09.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Li L, Chen H, Yin C, Yang C, Wang B, Zheng S, Zhang J, Fan W. Mapping breakpoints of a familial chromosome insertion (18,7) (q22.1; q36.2q21.11) to DPP6 and CACNA2D1 genes in an azoospermic male. Gene 2014; 547:43-9. [PMID: 24937803 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
It is widely accepted that the incidence of chromosomal aberration is 10-15.2% in the azoospermic male; however, the exact genetic damages are currently unknown for more than 40% of azoospermia. To elucidate the causative gene defects, we used the next generation sequencing (NGS) to map the breakpoints of a chromosome insertion from an azoospermic male who carries a balanced, maternally inherited karyotype 46, XY, inv ins (18,7) (q22.1; q36.2q21.11). The analysis revealed that the breakage in chromosome 7 disrupts two genes, dipeptidyl aminopeptidase-like protein 6 (DPP6) and contactin-associated protein-like 2 (CACNA2D1), the former participates in regulation of voltage-gated potassium channels, and the latter is one of the components in voltage-gated calcium channels. The deletion and duplication were not identified equal or beyond 100 kb, but 4 homologous DNA elements were verified proximal to the breakpoints. One of the proband's sisters inherited the same aberrant karyotype and experienced recurrent miscarriages and consecutive fetus death, while in contrast, another sister with a normal karyotype experienced normal labor and gave birth to healthy babies. The insertional translocation is confirmed with FISH and the Y-chromosome microdeletions were excluded by genetic testing. This is the first report describing chromosome insertion inv ins (18,7) and attributes DPP6 and CACNA2D1 to azoospermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong 276003, China
| | - Haixiao Chen
- BGI, 11-2 Building, Northern Industry District, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Chenxing Yin
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Hebei University School of Life Sciences, Baoding, Hebei 071002, China
| | - Chuanchun Yang
- BGI, 11-2 Building, Northern Industry District, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Bei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Hebei University School of Life Sciences, Baoding, Hebei 071002, China
| | - Shuqi Zheng
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong 276003, China
| | - Jixia Zhang
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong 276003, China
| | - Wufang Fan
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Hebei University School of Life Sciences, Baoding, Hebei 071002, China
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Hotaling J, Carrell DT. Clinical genetic testing for male factor infertility: current applications and future directions. Andrology 2014; 2:339-50. [PMID: 24711280 DOI: 10.1111/j.2047-2927.2014.00200.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2014] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Spermatogenesis involves the aggregated action of up to 2300 genes, any of which, could, potentially, provide targets for diagnostic tests of male factor infertility. Contrary to the previously proposed common variant hypothesis for common diseases such as male infertility, genome-wide association studies and targeted gene sequencing in cohorts of infertile men have identified only a few gene polymorphisms that are associated with male infertility. Unfortunately, the search for genetic variants associated with male infertility is further hampered by the lack of viable animal models of human spermatogenesis, difficulty in robustly phenotyping infertile men and the complexity of pedigree studies in male factor infertility. In this review, we describe basic genetic principles involved in understanding the genetic basis of male infertility and examine the utility and proper clinical use of the proven genetic assays of male factor infertility, specifically Y chromosome microdeletions, chromosomal translocations, karyotype, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator mutation analysis and sperm genetic tests. Unfortunately, these tests are only able to diagnose the cause of about 20% of male factor infertility. The remainder of the review will be devoted to examining novel tests and diagnostic tools that have the potential to explain the other 80% of male factor infertility that is currently classified as idiopathic. Those tests include epigenetic analysis of the spermatozoa and the evaluation of rare genetic variants and copy number variations in patients. Success in advancing to the implementation of such areas is not only dependent on technological advances in the laboratory, but also improved phenotyping in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hotaling
- Department of Surgery (Urology), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Benkhalifa M, Montjean D, Belloc S, Dalleac A, Ducasse M, Boyer P, Merviel P, Copin H. Emerging molecular methods for male infertility investigation. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2013; 14:37-45. [PMID: 24308377 DOI: 10.1586/14737159.2014.864558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Male factors account for approximately 50% of reproductive pathology. Different disorders, including urogenital and endocrine system development abnormalities, lead to testicular and gametogenesis defects. Parallely, studies have reported that somatic and germ cell genome decay are a major cause of male infertility. It has been shown that in somatic karyotype, there is a higher incidence of chromosomal aberrations in infertile men than neonatal population and significant chromosome Y microdeletion or specific gene alterations in affected spermatogenesis. Karyotyping and FISH application at somatic and germ cell levels are no longer sufficient to investigate the potential contribution of genome disorders on male infertility. A wide range of molecular methods are required for better understanding of male infertility causes. Molecular omes and omics techniques have become a great tool to investigate male infertility from chromosome to protein. This review reports different molecular tests and methods that can be offered for male infertility investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moncef Benkhalifa
- Reproductive Medicine and Medical Cytogenetics Department, Regional University Hospital and School of Medicine, Picardie University Jules Verne, Amiens, France
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Pylyp LY, Spinenko LO, Verhoglyad NV, Zukin VD. Chromosomal abnormalities in patients with oligozoospermia and non-obstructive azoospermia. J Assist Reprod Genet 2013; 30:729-32. [PMID: 23575767 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-013-9990-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the frequency and types of chromosomal abnormalities in 204 Ukrainian patients with non-obstructive azoospermia and oligozoospermia and 87 men with normozoospermia. METHODS Cytogenetic studies were performed on peripheral blood lymphocyte samples of 164 men with oligozoospermia, 40 men with non-obstructive azoospermia and 87 men with normozoospermia attending infertility clinic. RESULTS Chromosomal abnormalities were detected in 17% of patients with sperm disorders: in 35% of men with azoospermia and in 12.7% of men with oligozoospermia. The frequency of chromosomal abnormalities in patients with sperm disorders was significantly higher, than in patients with normozoospermia (P = 0.0001). An increase in the incidence of chromosomal abnormalities with the decrease of sperm count was observed. Chromosomal abnormalities were detected in 1.1% of patients with normozoospermia, 6.5% of patients with mild oligozoospermia (sperm count 5-15 × 10(6)/ml), 18.4% of patients with severe oligozoospermia (sperm count <5 × 10(6)/ml) and 35% of patients with azoospermia. A significant increase in the frequency of chromosomal abnormalities in patients with severe oligozoospermia was observed when compared to mild oligozoospermia (P = 0.01). A statistically significant association (P = 0.02) of chromosomal abnormalities and sex chromosome abnormalities (P = 0.0001) with azoospermia when compared to oligozoospermia was observed. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight the importance of cytogenetic studies in patients with oligozoospermia (both mild and severe) and non-obstructive azoospermia. The presence of chromosomal abnormalities influences significantly the fertility treatment protocols, as well as provides a definite diagnosis to couples suffering from infertility.
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Lopes AM, Aston KI, Thompson E, Carvalho F, Gonçalves J, Huang N, Matthiesen R, Noordam MJ, Quintela I, Ramu A, Seabra C, Wilfert AB, Dai J, Downie JM, Fernandes S, Guo X, Sha J, Amorim A, Barros A, Carracedo A, Hu Z, Hurles ME, Moskovtsev S, Ober C, Paduch DA, Schiffman JD, Schlegel PN, Sousa M, Carrell DT, Conrad DF. Human spermatogenic failure purges deleterious mutation load from the autosomes and both sex chromosomes, including the gene DMRT1. PLoS Genet 2013; 9:e1003349. [PMID: 23555275 PMCID: PMC3605256 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Gonadal failure, along with early pregnancy loss and perinatal death, may be an important filter that limits the propagation of harmful mutations in the human population. We hypothesized that men with spermatogenic impairment, a disease with unknown genetic architecture and a common cause of male infertility, are enriched for rare deleterious mutations compared to men with normal spermatogenesis. After assaying genomewide SNPs and CNVs in 323 Caucasian men with idiopathic spermatogenic impairment and more than 1,100 controls, we estimate that each rare autosomal deletion detected in our study multiplicatively changes a man's risk of disease by 10% (OR 1.10 [1.04–1.16], p<2×10−3), rare X-linked CNVs by 29%, (OR 1.29 [1.11–1.50], p<1×10−3), and rare Y-linked duplications by 88% (OR 1.88 [1.13–3.13], p<0.03). By contrasting the properties of our case-specific CNVs with those of CNV callsets from cases of autism, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and intellectual disability, we propose that the CNV burden in spermatogenic impairment is distinct from the burden of large, dominant mutations described for neurodevelopmental disorders. We identified two patients with deletions of DMRT1, a gene on chromosome 9p24.3 orthologous to the putative sex determination locus of the avian ZW chromosome system. In an independent sample of Han Chinese men, we identified 3 more DMRT1 deletions in 979 cases of idiopathic azoospermia and none in 1,734 controls, and found none in an additional 4,519 controls from public databases. The combined results indicate that DMRT1 loss-of-function mutations are a risk factor and potential genetic cause of human spermatogenic failure (frequency of 0.38% in 1306 cases and 0% in 7,754 controls, p = 6.2×10−5). Our study identifies other recurrent CNVs as potential causes of idiopathic azoospermia and generates hypotheses for directing future studies on the genetic basis of male infertility and IVF outcomes. Infertility is a disease that prevents the transmission of DNA from one generation to the next, and consequently it has been difficult to study the genetics of infertility using classical human genetics methods. Now, new technologies for screening entire genomes for rare and patient-specific mutations are revolutionizing our understanding of reproductively lethal diseases. Here, we apply techniques for variation discovery to study a condition called azoospermia, the failure to produce sperm. Large deletions of the Y chromosome are the primary known genetic risk factor for azoospermia, and genetic testing for these deletions is part of the standard treatment for this condition. We have screened over 300 men with azoospermia for rare deletions and duplications, and find an enrichment of these mutations throughout the genome compared to unaffected men. Our results indicate that sperm production is affected by mutations beyond the Y chromosome and will motivate whole-genome analyses of larger numbers of men with impaired spermatogenesis. Our finding of an enrichment of rare deleterious mutations in men with poor sperm production also raises the possibility that the slightly increased rate of birth defects reported in children conceived by in vitro fertilization may have a genetic basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M. Lopes
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
- * E-mail: (AML); (DFC)
| | - Kenneth I. Aston
- Andrology and IVF Laboratories, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Emma Thompson
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Filipa Carvalho
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Gonçalves
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ni Huang
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Rune Matthiesen
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Michiel J. Noordam
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Inés Quintela
- Genomics Medicine Group, National Genotyping Center, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Avinash Ramu
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Catarina Seabra
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Amy B. Wilfert
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Juncheng Dai
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jonathan M. Downie
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Susana Fernandes
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Xuejiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiahao Sha
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - António Amorim
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alberto Barros
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Centre for Reproductive Genetics Alberto Barros, Porto, Portugal
| | - Angel Carracedo
- Genomics Medicine Group, National Genotyping Center, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Galician Foundation of Genomic Medicine and University of Santiago de Compostela, CIBERER, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Zhibin Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Matthew E. Hurles
- Genome Mutation and Genetic Disease Group, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sergey Moskovtsev
- CReATe Fertility Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Carole Ober
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Darius A. Paduch
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Joshua D. Schiffman
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Center for Children's Cancer Research (C3R), Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Peter N. Schlegel
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Mário Sousa
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, UMIB, ICBAS, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Douglas T. Carrell
- Andrology and IVF Laboratories, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Department of Physiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Donald F. Conrad
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AML); (DFC)
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Liu Y, Kong XD, Wu QH, Li G, Song L, Sun YP. Karyotype analysis in large-sample infertile couples living in Central China: a study of 14965 couples. J Assist Reprod Genet 2013; 30:547-53. [PMID: 23474860 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-013-9964-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore that it is necessary to routinely detect chromosomes in fertile couples, we detected peripheral blood lymphocyte karyotype in 14965 infertile couples living in Central China and analyzed the incidence and type of chromosomal anomaly. METHODS G-banding karyotype analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes was performed in 14965 couples who went to the outpatient department of our reproductive medical center for counseling on infertility between January 2004 and December 2011. Semen analysis was performed three times in all the men from the 14965 couples. RESULTS The rate of chromosomal anomaly in the 14965 infertile couples was 3.84 % (1150/29930). The rate of chromosomal anomaly in the men from 14965 couples was 6.84 % (1024/14965) and in the women 0.84 % (126/14965). The rates of chromosomal anomaly were 1.69 % in normal semen group, 11.82 % in light oligo-astheno-spermis group, 6.58 % in moderate to severe olig-astheno-spermia group and 17.26 % in azoospermia group. CONCLUSION Since the rates of chromosomal anomaly are 1.69 % and 11.82 % even in normal semen group and light oligo-astheno-spermia group, respectively, it is necessary to detect peripheral blood lymphocyte karyotype in all infertile couples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Reproductive Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Number one, Constructive East Road, Zhengzhou City, 450052, China
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Ando M, Yamaguchi K, Chiba K, Miyake H, Fujisawa M. Outcome of microdissection testicular sperm extraction in azoospermic patients with Klinefelter syndrome and other sex-chromosomal anomalies. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2013; 59:210-3. [PMID: 23402654 DOI: 10.3109/19396368.2012.733059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
It has been indicated that approximately 20% of azoospermic patients have chromosomal anomalies, 90% of which are sex-chromosome abnormalities. Even azoospermic patients with sex-chromosomal anomalies might be able to father children using an advanced assisted reproductive technique such as microdissection testicular sperm extraction (micro-TESE) with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). To evaluate the effect of micro-TESE in azoospermic patients with various sex-chromosomal anomalies, we reviewed their clinical results. A chromosomal survey using the G-banding technique was performed on males whose semen analysis demonstrated azoospermia at the Division of Male Infertilities at our institution between January 2004 and December 2009. Forty-two of these subjects demonstrated sex-chromosomal anomalies. The mean patient age was 34.4 ± 4.3 years. We classified them into two groups: Klinefelter syndrome (47,XXY) and other sex-chromosome abnormalities. Thirty-five patients showed Klinefelter syndrome and seven patients showed other sex-chromosome abnormalities. Serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone (T) levels were 36.3 ± 14.0 IU/L, 15.8 ± 6.7 IU/L, and 3.2 ± 2.0 ng/ml in Klinefelter syndrome, and 20.8 ± 10.4 IU/L, 8.2 ± 5.2 IU/L and 4.1 ± 1.5 ng/ml in other sex-chromosome abnormalities, respectively. The mean testicular volume was 4.0 ± 2.1 ml in Klinefelter syndrome and 9.9 ± 4.6 ml in other sex-chromosome abnormalities. Serum FSH and LH in Klinefelter syndrome were significantly higher than those in other sex-chromosome abnormalities, and the mean testicular volume in Klinefelter syndrome was significantly smaller than that in other sex-chromosome abnormalities. The sperm retrieval rate (SRR) for micro-TESE showed no significant difference between the two groups (42.4% vs. 42.9%). In this study, the outcome of micro-TESE appeared not to differ between Klinefelter syndrome and other sex-chromosome abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Ando
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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Yatsenko AN, Georgiadis AP, Murthy LJ, Lamb DJ, Matzuk MM. UBE2B mRNA alterations are associated with severe oligozoospermia in infertile men. Mol Hum Reprod 2013; 19:388-94. [PMID: 23378580 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gat008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligozoospermia (low sperm count) is a common semen deficiency. However, to date, few genetic defects have been identified to cause this condition. Moreover, even fewer molecular genetic diagnostic tests are available for patients with oligozoospermia in the andrology clinic. Based on animal and gene expression studies of oligozoospermia, several molecular pathways may be disrupted in post-meiotic spermatozoa. One of the disrupted pathways is protein ubiquitination and cell apoptosis. A critical protein involved in this pathway is the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 2B, UBE2B. Absence of Ube2b in male mice causes spermatogenic meiotic disruption with increased apoptosis, leading to infertility. To examine the association between messenger RNA defects in UBE2B and severe oligozoospermia (0.1-10 × 10(6) cells/ml), sequencing of sperm cDNA in 326 oligozoospermic patients and 421 normozoospermic men was performed. mRNA alterations in UBE2B were identified in sperm in 4.6% (15 out of 326) of the oligozoospermic patients, but not found in control men, suggesting strong association between mRNA defects and oligozoospermia (χ(2) = 19, P = 0.0001). Identified UBE2B alterations include nine splicing, four missense and two nonsense alterations. The follow-up screen of corresponding DNA regions did not reveal causative DNA mutations, suggesting a post-transcriptional nature of identified defects. None of these variants were reported in the dbSNP database, although other splicing abnormalities with low level of expression were present in 11 out of 421 (2.6%) controls. Our findings suggest that two distinct molecular mechanisms, mRNA editing and splicing processing, are disrupted in oligozoospermia. We speculate that the contribution of post-transcriptional mRNA defects to oligozoospermia could be greater than previously anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N Yatsenko
- Department of OBGYN, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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32
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Sadik DI, Seifeldin NS. Fluorescencein situhybridisation analysis of sex chromosome in non-obstructive azoospermic men. Andrologia 2013; 46:231-9. [DOI: 10.1111/and.12066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D. I. Sadik
- Medical Genetics Center; Ain Shams University; Cairo Egypt
| | - N. S. Seifeldin
- Dermatology and Venereology Department; Ain Shams University; Cairo Egypt
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Smith RP, Lowe GJ, Kavoussi PK, Steers WD, Costabile RA, Herr JC, Shetty J, Lysiak JJ. Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy in a Murine Model of Microdissection Testicular Sperm Extraction to Improve Sperm Retrieval. J Urol 2012; 187:1918-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2011.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P. Smith
- Department of Urology and Cell Biology (JS), University of Virginia (JCH), Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Greg J. Lowe
- Department of Urology and Cell Biology (JS), University of Virginia (JCH), Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Parviz K. Kavoussi
- Department of Urology and Cell Biology (JS), University of Virginia (JCH), Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - William D. Steers
- Department of Urology and Cell Biology (JS), University of Virginia (JCH), Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Raymond A. Costabile
- Department of Urology and Cell Biology (JS), University of Virginia (JCH), Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - John C. Herr
- Department of Urology and Cell Biology (JS), University of Virginia (JCH), Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Jagathpala Shetty
- Department of Urology and Cell Biology (JS), University of Virginia (JCH), Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Jeffrey J. Lysiak
- Department of Urology and Cell Biology (JS), University of Virginia (JCH), Charlottesville, Virginia
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34
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Chromosomal defects in infertile men with poor semen quality. J Assist Reprod Genet 2012; 29:451-6. [PMID: 22406877 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-012-9737-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the incidence and the type of chromosomal aberrations in males with infertility we reviewed cytogenetic results in 76 Tunisian infertile men (54 nonobstructive azoospermia and 22 oligo-asthenospermia). METHODS Karyotyping was performed on peripheral blood lymphocytes according to the standard methods. Molecular diagnosis of classical and partial Y-chromosomal microdeletions was performed by amplifying Y-specific STSs markers. RESULTS Various numerical and structural chromosome abnormalities were identified in 15 patients (19.48%). The occurrence of chromosomal abnormality in the azoospermics and severe oligo-asthnospermic was 21.7% and 13.5%, respectively. The most common was Klinefelter syndrome, accounting for 10 of the 15 cytogenetic defects. The total frequency of Y chromosomal microdeletions was 17.1%, with respective frequencies in azoospermic and severe oligospermic groups, 11.1% and 31.8%. The most frequent of Y chromosomal deletions were the partial ones (11.1% in azoospermic and 27.2% in oligospermic). CONCLUSION The occurrence of chromosomal abnormalities among infertile males strongly suggests the need for routine genetic testing and counseling prior to the employment of assisted reproduction techniques.
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35
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Hofherr SE, Wiktor AE, Kipp BR, Dawson DB, Van Dyke DL. Clinical diagnostic testing for the cytogenetic and molecular causes of male infertility: the Mayo Clinic experience. J Assist Reprod Genet 2011; 28:1091-8. [PMID: 21912980 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-011-9633-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Approximately 8% of couples attempting to conceive are infertile and male infertility accounts for approximately 50% of infertility among couples. Up to 25% of males with non-obstructive infertility have chromosomal abnormalities and/or microdeletions of the long arm of the Y-chromosome. These are detected by conventional chromosome and Y-microdeletion analysis. In this study, we reviewed the results of testing performed in the Mayo Clinic Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics Laboratories and compared our findings with previously published reports. METHODS This study includes 2,242 chromosome studies from males ≥18 years of age referred for infertility between 1989 and 2000 and 2,749 Y-deletion molecular studies performed between 2002 and 2009. RESULTS 14.3% of infertile males tested by karyotyping had abnormalities identified. These include: (258) 47,XXY and variants consistent with Klinefelter syndrome, (3) combined 47,XXY and balanced autosomal rearrangements, (9) 47,XYY, (9) Y-deletions, (7) 46,XX males, (32) balanced rearrangements, and (1) unbalanced rearrangement. 3.6% of males tested for Y-microdeletion analysis had abnormalities identified, 90% of which included a deletion of the AZFc region. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the need of males suffering from non-obstructive infertility to have laboratory genetic testing performed. An abnormal finding can have significant consequences to assisted reproductive techniques and fertility treatment, and provide a firm diagnosis to couples with longstanding infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean E Hofherr
- Clinical Biochemical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55902, USA.
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36
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Carvalho CMB, Zhang F, Lupski JR. Structural variation of the human genome: mechanisms, assays, and role in male infertility. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2011; 57:3-16. [PMID: 21210740 DOI: 10.3109/19396368.2010.527427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Genomic disorders are defined as diseases caused by rearrangements of the genome incited by a genomic architecture that conveys instability. Y-chromosome related dysfunctions such as male infertility are frequently associated with gross DNA rearrangements resulting from its peculiar genomic architecture. The Y-chromosome has evolved into a highly specialized chromosome to perform male functions, mainly spermatogenesis. Direct and inverted repeats, some of them palindromes with highly identical nucleotide sequences that can form DNA cruciform structures, characterize the genomic structure of the Y-chromosome long arm. Some particular Y chromosome genomic deletions can cause spermatogenic failure likely because of removal of one or more transcriptional units with a potential role in spermatogenesis. We describe mechanisms underlying the formation of human genomic rearrangements on autosomes and review Y-chromosome deletions associated with male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia M B Carvalho
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030-3498, USA
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