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Ohno M, Takano N, Hidaka K, Sasaki F, Yamauchi K, Aoki Y, Nohmi T, Nakabeppu Y, Nakatsu Y, Tsuzuki T. Oxidative stress accelerates intestinal tumorigenesis by enhancing 8-oxoguanine-mediated mutagenesis in MUTYH-deficient mice. Genome Res 2024; 34:47-56. [PMID: 38290979 PMCID: PMC10904009 DOI: 10.1101/gr.278326.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Oxidative stress-induced DNA damage and its repair systems are related to cancer etiology; however, the molecular basis triggering tumorigenesis is not well understood. Here, we aimed to explore the causal relationship between oxidative stress, somatic mutations in pre-tumor-initiated normal tissues, and tumor incidence in the small intestines of MUTYH-proficient and MUTYH-deficient mice. MUTYH is a base excision repair enzyme associated with human colorectal cancer. Mice were administered different concentrations of potassium bromate (KBrO3; an oxidizing agent)-containing water for 4 wk for mutagenesis studies or 16 wk for tumorigenesis studies. All Mutyh -/- mice treated with >0.1% KBrO3 developed multiple tumors, and the average tumor number increased dose dependently. Somatic mutation analysis of Mutyh -/-/rpsL transgenic mice revealed that G:C > T:A transversion was the only mutation type correlated positively with KBrO3 dose and tumor incidence. These mutations preferentially occurred at 5'G in GG and GAA sequences in rpsL This characteristic mutation pattern was also observed in the genomic region of Mutyh -/- tumors using whole-exome sequencing. It closely corresponded to signature 18 and SBS36, typically caused by 8-oxo-guanine (8-oxoG). 8-oxoG-induced mutations were sequence context dependent, yielding a biased amino acid change leading to missense and stop-gain mutations. These mutations frequently occurred in critical amino acid codons of known cancer drivers, Apc or Ctnnb1, known for activating Wnt signal pathway. Our results indicate that oxidative stress contributes to increased tumor incidence by elevating the likelihood of gaining driver mutations by increasing 8-oxoG-mediated mutagenesis, particularly under MUTYH-deficient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Ohno
- Department of Medical Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan;
| | - Noriko Takano
- Department of Medical Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kyoko Hidaka
- Department of Medical Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
- Center for Fundamental Education, The University of Kitakyushu, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 802-8577, Japan
| | - Fumiko Sasaki
- Department of Medical Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kazumi Yamauchi
- Department of Medical Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
- Department of Radiobiology, Institute for Environmental Sciences, Kamikita, Aomori 039-3212, Japan
| | - Yasunobu Aoki
- Health and Environmental Risk Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Takehiko Nohmi
- Division of Genetics and Mutagenesis, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Yusaku Nakabeppu
- Division of Neurofunctional Genomics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, San Francisco Office, Berkeley, California 94704, USA
| | - Yoshimichi Nakatsu
- Department of Medical Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Teruhisa Tsuzuki
- Department of Medical Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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Fukushima HS, Takeda H, Nakamura R. Incomplete erasure of histone marks during epigenetic reprogramming in medaka early development. Genome Res 2023; 33:572-586. [PMID: 37117034 PMCID: PMC10234297 DOI: 10.1101/gr.277577.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications undergo drastic erasure and reestablishment after fertilization. This reprogramming is required for proper embryonic development and cell differentiation. In mammals, some histone modifications are not completely reprogrammed and play critical roles in later development. In contrast, in nonmammalian vertebrates, most histone modifications are thought to be more intensively erased and reestablished by the stage of zygotic genome activation (ZGA). However, histone modifications that escape reprogramming in nonmammalian vertebrates and their potential functional roles remain unknown. Here, we quantitatively and comprehensively analyzed histone modification dynamics during epigenetic reprogramming in Japanese killifish, medaka (Oryzias latipes) embryos. Our data revealed that H3K27ac, H3K27me3, and H3K9me3 escape complete reprogramming, whereas H3K4 methylation is completely erased during cleavage stage. Furthermore, we experimentally showed the functional roles of such retained modifications at early stages: (i) H3K27ac premarks promoters during the cleavage stage, and inhibition of histone acetyltransferases disrupts proper patterning of H3K4 and H3K27 methylation at CpG-dense promoters, but does not affect chromatin accessibility after ZGA; (ii) H3K9me3 is globally erased but specifically retained at telomeric regions, which is required for maintenance of genomic stability during the cleavage stage. These results expand the understanding of diversity and conservation of reprogramming in vertebrates, and unveil previously uncharacterized functions of histone modifications retained during epigenetic reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto S Fukushima
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takeda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ryohei Nakamura
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Ikeda S, Yakushiji Y, Tanaka J, Nishihara M, Ogata A, Eriguchi M, Ono S, Kosugi M, Suzuyama K, Mizoguchi M, Shichijo C, Ide T, Nagaishi Y, Mori H, Ono N, Yoshikawa M, Ide K, Minagawa H, Iida K, Kawamoto K, Katsuki Y, Irie H, Abe T, Hara H. Hypertension, cerebral Amyloid, aGe Associated Known neuroimaging markers of cerebral small vessel disease Undertaken with stroke REgistry (HAGAKURE) prospective cohort study: Baseline characteristics and association of cerebral small vessel disease with prognosis in an ischemic stroke cohort. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1117851. [PMID: 36936499 PMCID: PMC10018806 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1117851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is one of the leading causes of stroke; each neuroimaging marker of SVD is correlated with vascular risk factors and associated with poor prognosis after stroke. However, longitudinal studies investigating the association between comprehensive SVD burden scoring system, "total SVD score" - which encompasses the established neuroimaging markers of lacunae, cerebral microbleeds (CMBs), white matter hyperintensities (WMH) including periventricular hyperintensities, and perivascular spaces in basal ganglia- and clinical outcomes are limited. The aim of this study is to determine the association between SVD burden and long-term prognosis in patients with ischemic stroke. Methods and design This prospective, single-center, observational study enrolled patients with acute ischemic stroke, including cerebral infarction and transient ischemic attack. Magnetic resonance imaging scans were performed, and then total SVD score (range, 0-4) was calculated. We recorded baseline characteristics and evaluated the relationships of long-term outcomes to SVD neuroimaging markers and total SVD score. Stroke recurrence was thought as primary outcome. Hazard ratios (HRs) of events during follow-up were calculated using Cox proportional hazards modeling with adjustments for age, sex, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, atrial fibrillation, and smoking. Cumulative event rates were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results Consecutive 564 acute ischemic stroke patients were enrolled according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total of 467 participants with first-ever ischemic stroke were analyzed (median age 75.0 [interquartile range, 64.0-83.0] years, 59.3% male). Total SVD score was 0 point in 47 individuals (12.0%), 1 point in 83 (21.2%), 2 points in 103 (26.3%), 3 points in 85 (21.7%), and 4 points in 73 (18.7%). Twenty-eight recurrent stroke events were identified during follow-up. Total SVD score ≥ 2, presence of CMBs, and moderate-to-severe WMH were associated with increased risk of recurrent stroke events (HR 9.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.33-64.23; HR 2.81, 95% CI 1.08-7.30; HR 2.90, 95% CI 1.22-6.88, respectively). Conclusion The accumulation of SVD biomarkers as determined by total SVD score offered a reliable predictor of stroke recurrence. This study established a firm understanding of SVD prognosis in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Ikeda
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yakushiji
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
- *Correspondence: Yusuke Yakushiji,
| | - Jun Tanaka
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Masashi Nishihara
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ogata
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Makoto Eriguchi
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Shohei Ono
- Department of Neurology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Masafumi Kosugi
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Kohei Suzuyama
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Megumi Mizoguchi
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Chika Shichijo
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Ide
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Yukiko Nagaishi
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Hodo Mori
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Natsuki Ono
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Masaaki Yoshikawa
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Kiku Ide
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Hiromu Minagawa
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Kotaro Iida
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kawamoto
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Katsuki
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Irie
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Abe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Hideo Hara
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
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Polyakova Z, Iwase M, Hashimoto R, Yoshida M. The effect of ketamine on eye movement characteristics during free-viewing of natural images in common marmosets. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1012300. [PMID: 36203813 PMCID: PMC9530575 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1012300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Various eye movement abnormalities and impairments in visual information processing have been reported in patients with schizophrenia. Therefore, dysfunction of saccadic eye movements is a potential biological marker for schizophrenia. In the present study, we used a pharmacological model of schizophrenia symptoms in marmosets and compared the eye movement characteristics of marmosets during free-viewing, using an image set identical to those used for human studies. It contains natural and complex images that were randomly presented for 8 s. As a pharmacological model of schizophrenia symptoms, a subanesthetic dose of ketamine was injected intramuscularly for transient and reversible manipulation. Eye movements were recorded and compared under a ketamine condition and a saline condition as a control. The results showed that ketamine affected eye movement characteristics during free-viewing. Saccades amplitude and scanpath length were significantly reduced in the ketamine condition. In addition, the duration of saccades was longer under the ketamine condition than under the saline condition. A similar tendency was observed for the duration of fixations. The number of saccades and fixations tended to decrease in the ketamine condition. The peak saccades velocity also decreased after ketamine injection whereas there was no difference in the main sequence relationship between saccades amplitude and peak velocity. These results suggest that ketamine affected visual exploration but did not affect the oculomotor aspect of saccades in marmosets, consistent with studies in patients with schizophrenia. Therefore, we conclude that the subanesthetic dose of ketamine is a promising pharmacological model of schizophrenia symptoms in common marmosets and can be used in combination with free-viewing paradigms to establish “translatable markers” for schizophrenia in primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zlata Polyakova
- Center for Human Nature, Artificial Intelligence, and Neuroscience, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masao Iwase
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Yoshida
- Center for Human Nature, Artificial Intelligence, and Neuroscience, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Masatoshi Yoshida,
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5
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Putra HA, Park K, Yamashita F, Nakagawa Y, Murai T. Cerebral gray matter volume correlates with fatigue and varies between desk workers and non-desk workers. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:951754. [PMID: 36187379 PMCID: PMC9520909 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.951754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), a clinical entity of chronic fatigue, has been associated with a decrease in regional gray matter volume (rGMV). In this study targeting a large number of healthy middle-aged individuals without CFS, the relationship between fatigue perception and rGMV was investigated. Considering that the work setting is an environmental factor that influences fatigue perception among healthy individuals, the differences between desk workers and non-desk workers were investigated. Chalder Fatigue Questionnaire (CFQ) scores were used for perceptional evaluation of fatigue, and rGMV of 110 brain regions was adapted with Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) 8 on 1.5 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results for the volumetric calculation of gray matter. The CFQ scores were negatively correlated with the right supplementary motor area (SMC) and positively correlated with the right superior parietal lobule (SPL) and left basal forebrain in all participants (n = 1,618). In desk workers and non-desk workers, the CFQ scores correlated with different regions and yielded different mechanisms of fatigue perception in the brain. Identifying the gray matter regions correlated with fatigue perception in healthy individuals may help understand the early stage of fatigue progression and establish future preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Handityo A. Putra
- Department of Engineering, Keimyung University, Daegu, South Korea
- Traffic-Medicine Laboratory, Kochi University of Technology, Kami, Japan
- *Correspondence: Handityo A. Putra,
| | - Kaechang Park
- Traffic-Medicine Laboratory, Kochi University of Technology, Kami, Japan
| | - Fumio Yamashita
- Division of Ultrahigh Field MRI, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | | | - Toshiya Murai
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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6
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Funaki T, Miyakoshi A, Kataoka H, Takahashi JC, Takagi Y, Yoshida K, Kikuchi T, Mineharu Y, Okawa M, Yamao Y, Fushimi Y, Miyamoto S. Larger Posterior Revascularization Associated with Reduction of Choroidal Anastomosis in Moyamoya Disease: A Quantitative Angiographic Analysis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2022; 43:1279-1285. [PMID: 36007950 PMCID: PMC9451642 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Choroidal anastomosis, a hemorrhage-prone periventricular collateral manifestation in Moyamoya disease, outflows to the cortex posterior to the central sulcus. The objective of the present study was to test whether the angiographic extent of revascularization posterior to the central sulcus contributes to the postoperative reduction of choroidal anastomosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective cohort study included choroidal anastomosis-positive hemispheres before direct bypass surgery. The postoperative reduction of choroidal anastomosis was determined by a consensus of 2 raters according to the previous research. An imaging software automatically traced the angiographic revascularization area, which was subsequently divided into anterior and posterior parts by an anatomic line corresponding to the central sulcus. Each area was quantitatively measured as a percentage relative to the whole supratentorial area. RESULTS Postoperative reduction of choroidal anastomosis was achieved in 68 (85.0%) of the 80 included hemispheres. The revascularization area posterior to the central sulcus was significantly larger in the hemispheres with reduction than in those with no reduction (mean, 15.2% [SD, 7.1%] versus 4.2% [SD, 3.4%], P < .001), whereas no significant difference was observed in the revascularization area anterior to the central sulcus. Multivariate analysis revealed that the revascularization area posterior to the central sulcus was the only significant factor associated with reduction (OR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.21-2.03, for every 1% increase). CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that a larger revascularization posterior to the central sulcus is associated with postoperative reduction of choroidal anastomosis regardless of the extent of anterior revascularization. It might facilitate optimal selection of the revascularization site for preventing hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Funaki
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery (T.F., A.M., K.Y., T.K., Y.M., M.O., Y.Y., S.M.)
| | - A Miyakoshi
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery (T.F., A.M., K.Y., T.K., Y.M., M.O., Y.Y., S.M.)
| | - H Kataoka
- Department of Neurosurgery (H.K.), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - J C Takahashi
- Department of Neurosurgery (J.C.T.), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Y Takagi
- Department of Neurosurgery (Y.T.), Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - K Yoshida
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery (T.F., A.M., K.Y., T.K., Y.M., M.O., Y.Y., S.M.)
| | - T Kikuchi
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery (T.F., A.M., K.Y., T.K., Y.M., M.O., Y.Y., S.M.)
| | - Y Mineharu
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery (T.F., A.M., K.Y., T.K., Y.M., M.O., Y.Y., S.M.)
| | - M Okawa
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery (T.F., A.M., K.Y., T.K., Y.M., M.O., Y.Y., S.M.)
| | - Y Yamao
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery (T.F., A.M., K.Y., T.K., Y.M., M.O., Y.Y., S.M.)
| | - Y Fushimi
- Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine (Y.F.), Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - S Miyamoto
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery (T.F., A.M., K.Y., T.K., Y.M., M.O., Y.Y., S.M.)
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7
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de Hoon M, Bonetti A, Plessy C, Ando Y, Hon CC, Ishizu Y, Itoh M, Kato S, Lin D, Maekawa S, Murata M, Nishiyori H, Shin JW, Stolte J, Suzuki AM, Tagami M, Takahashi H, Thongjuea S, Forrest ARR, Hayashizaki Y, Kere J, Carninci P. Deep sequencing of short capped RNAs reveals novel families of noncoding RNAs. Genome Res 2022; 32:gr.276647.122. [PMID: 35961773 PMCID: PMC9528987 DOI: 10.1101/gr.276647.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
In eukaryotes, capped RNAs include long transcripts such as messenger RNAs and long noncoding RNAs, as well as shorter transcripts such as spliceosomal RNAs, small nucleolar RNAs, and enhancer RNAs. Long capped transcripts can be profiled using cap analysis gene expression (CAGE) sequencing and other methods. Here, we describe a sequencing library preparation protocol for short capped RNAs, apply it to a differentiation time course of the human cell line THP-1, and systematically compare the landscape of short capped RNAs to that of long capped RNAs. Transcription initiation peaks associated with genes in the sense direction have a strong preference to produce either long or short capped RNAs, with one out of six peaks detected in the short capped RNA libraries only. Gene-associated short capped RNAs have highly specific 3' ends, typically overlapping splice sites. Enhancers also preferentially generate either short or long capped RNAs, with 10% of enhancers observed in the short capped RNA libraries only. Enhancers producing either short or long capped RNAs show enrichment for GWAS-associated disease SNPs. We conclude that deep sequencing of short capped RNAs reveals new families of noncoding RNAs and elucidates the diversity of transcripts generated at known and novel promoters and enhancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel de Hoon
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Alessandro Bonetti
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Charles Plessy
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yoshinari Ando
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Chung-Chau Hon
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yuri Ishizu
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Division of Genomic Technologies, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Itoh
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- RIKEN Preventive Medicine and Diagnosis Innovation Program, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Sachi Kato
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Dongyan Lin
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A1, Canada
- Mila, Montreal, Quebec H2S 3H1, Canada
| | - Sho Maekawa
- RIKEN Omics Science Center (OSC), Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Murata
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Hiromi Nishiyori
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Jay W Shin
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138632, Singapore
| | - Jens Stolte
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Division of Genomic Technologies, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Ana Maria Suzuki
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Michihira Tagami
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Hazuki Takahashi
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Supat Thongjuea
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Division of Genomic Technologies, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Alistair R R Forrest
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Yoshihide Hayashizaki
- RIKEN Preventive Medicine and Diagnosis Innovation Program, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- RIKEN Omics Science Center (OSC), Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Juha Kere
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge 14157, Sweden
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, University of Helsinki and Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Piero Carninci
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- Human Technopole, Milan 20157, Italy
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8
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Inagaki E, Yoshimatsu S, Okano H. Accelerated neuronal aging in vitro ∼melting watch ∼. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:868770. [PMID: 36016855 PMCID: PMC9397486 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.868770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In developed countries, the aging of the population and the associated increase in age-related diseases are causing major unresolved medical, social, and environmental matters. Therefore, research on aging has become one of the most important and urgent issues in life sciences. If the molecular mechanisms of the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases are elucidated, we can expect to develop disease-modifying methods to prevent neurodegeneration itself. Since the discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), there has been an explosion of disease models using disease-specific iPSCs derived from patient-derived somatic cells. By inducing the differentiation of iPSCs into neurons, disease models that reflect the patient-derived pathology can be reproduced in culture dishes, and are playing an active role in elucidating new pathological mechanisms and as a platform for new drug discovery. At the same time, however, we are faced with a new problem: how to recapitulate aging in culture dishes. It has been pointed out that cells differentiated from pluripotent stem cells are juvenile, retain embryonic traits, and may not be fully mature. Therefore, attempts are being made to induce cell maturation, senescence, and stress signals through culture conditions. It has also been reported that direct conversion of fibroblasts into neurons can reproduce human neurons with an aged phenotype. Here, we outline some state-of-the-art insights into models of neuronal aging in vitro. New frontiers in which stem cells and methods for inducing differentiation of tissue regeneration can be applied to aging research are just now approaching, and we need to keep a close eye on them. These models are forefront and intended to advance our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of aging and contribute to the development of novel therapies for human neurodegenerative diseases associated with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Inagaki
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sho Yoshimatsu
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Hideyuki Okano,
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9
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Ito A, Okada T, Minato N, Hattori F. Possible internal viral shedding and interferon production after clinical recovery from COVID-19: Case report. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:959196. [PMID: 35983089 PMCID: PMC9379344 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.959196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A 70-year-old man underwent off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting 28 days after his recovery from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which was confirmed by a negative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test result for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from a nasopharyngeal swab. The PCR test result was also negative for nasopharyngeal sampling 5 days prior to the surgery. However, his redundant saphenous vein and sputum through the endotracheal tube that was taken on the operative day showed the presence of SARS-CoV-2 by PCR. Immunohistochemical analysis of Spike and Nucleoprotein of the saphenous vein showed small clusters of each antigen-positive speckle. Ultrastructural imaging of the saphenous vein showed virus-like particles. The cell-based assay suggested that the patient’s serum contained a higher concentration of type-I interferons than that of healthy control sera. These observations suggest that internal viral shedding and, to some extent, innate immune responses continue after COVID-19 recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asuka Ito
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takayuki Okada
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoki Minato
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fumiyuki Hattori
- Innovative Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
- *Correspondence: Fumiyuki Hattori,
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10
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Aomine Y, Sakurai K, Macpherson T, Ozawa T, Miyamoto Y, Yoneda Y, Oka M, Hikida T. Importin α3 (KPNA3) Deficiency Augments Effortful Reward-Seeking Behavior in Mice. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:905991. [PMID: 35844217 PMCID: PMC9279672 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.905991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Importin α3 (Gene: Kpna3, the ortholog of human Importin α4) is a member of the importin α family and participates in nucleocytoplasmic transport by forming trimeric complexes between cargo proteins and importin β1. Evidence from human studies has indicated that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the KPNA3 gene are associated with the occurrence of several psychiatric disorders accompanied by abnormal reward-related behavior, including schizophrenia, major depression, and substance addiction. However, the precise roles of importin α3 in controlling reward processing and motivation are still unclear. In this study, we evaluated the behavioral effects of Kpna3 knockout (KO) in mice on performance in touchscreen operant chamber-based tasks evaluating simple (fixed-ratio) and effortful (progressive-ratio) reward-seeking behaviors. While Kpna3 KO mice showed no significant differences in operant reward learning on a fixed-ratio schedule, they demonstrated significantly increased motivation (increased break point) to instrumentally respond for sucrose on a progressive-ratio schedule. We additionally measured the number of c-Fos-positive cells, a marker of neural activity, in 20 regions of the brain and identified a network of brain regions based on their interregional correlation coefficients. Network and graph-theoretic analyses suggested that Kpna3 deficiency enhanced overall interregional functional connectivity. These findings suggest the importance of Kpna3 in motivational control and indicate that Kpna3 KO mice may be an attractive line for modeling motivational abnormalities associated with several psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiatsu Aomine
- Laboratory for Advanced Brain Functions, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koki Sakurai
- Laboratory for Advanced Brain Functions, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tom Macpherson
- Laboratory for Advanced Brain Functions, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takaaki Ozawa
- Laboratory for Advanced Brain Functions, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoichi Miyamoto
- Laboratory of Nuclear Transport Dynamics, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Yoneda
- National Institutes for Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Oka
- Laboratory of Nuclear Transport Dynamics, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Hikida
- Laboratory for Advanced Brain Functions, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- *Correspondence: Takatoshi Hikida,
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11
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Kusunose K, Hirata Y, Yamaguchi N, Kosaka Y, Tsuji T, Kotoku J, Sata M. Deep Learning for Detection of Exercise-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension Using Chest X-Ray Images. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:891703. [PMID: 35783826 PMCID: PMC9240342 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.891703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stress echocardiography is an emerging tool used to detect exercise-induced pulmonary hypertension (EIPH). However, facilities that can perform stress echocardiography are limited by issues such as cost and equipment. Objective We evaluated the usefulness of a deep learning (DL) approach based on a chest X-ray (CXR) to predict EIPH in 6-min walk stress echocardiography. Methods The study enrolled 142 patients with scleroderma or mixed connective tissue disease with scleroderma features who performed a 6-min walk stress echocardiographic test. EIPH was defined by abnormal cardiac output (CO) responses that involved an increase in mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP). We used the previously developed AI model to predict PH and calculated PH probability in this cohort. Results EIPH defined as ΔmPAP/ΔCO >3.3 and exercise mPAP >25 mmHg was observed in 52 patients, while non-EIPH was observed in 90 patients. The patients with EIPH had a higher mPAP at rest than those without EIPH. The probability of PH based on the DL model was significantly higher in patients with EIPH than in those without EIPH. Multivariate analysis showed that gender, mean PAP at rest, and the probability of PH based on the DL model were independent predictors of EIPH. A model based on baseline parameters (age, gender, and mPAP at rest) was improved by adding the probability of PH predicted by the DL model (AUC: from 0.65 to 0.74; p = 0.046). Conclusion Applying the DL model based on a CXR may have a potential for detection of EIPH in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenya Kusunose
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
- *Correspondence: Kenya Kusunose,
| | - Yukina Hirata
- Ultrasound Examination Center, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Natsumi Yamaguchi
- Ultrasound Examination Center, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Kosaka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takumasa Tsuji
- Department of Radiological Technology, Graduate School of Medical Care and Technology, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun’ichi Kotoku
- Department of Radiological Technology, Graduate School of Medical Care and Technology, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masataka Sata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
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12
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Shiohama T, Tsujimura K. Quantitative Structural Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Analyses: Methodological Overview and Application to Rett Syndrome. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:835964. [PMID: 35450016 PMCID: PMC9016334 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.835964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital genetic disorders often present with neurological manifestations such as neurodevelopmental disorders, motor developmental retardation, epilepsy, and involuntary movement. Through qualitative morphometric evaluation of neuroimaging studies, remarkable structural abnormalities, such as lissencephaly, polymicrogyria, white matter lesions, and cortical tubers, have been identified in these disorders, while no structural abnormalities were identified in clinical settings in a large population. Recent advances in data analysis programs have led to significant progress in the quantitative analysis of anatomical structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion-weighted MRI tractography, and these approaches have been used to investigate psychological and congenital genetic disorders. Evaluation of morphometric brain characteristics may contribute to the identification of neuroimaging biomarkers for early diagnosis and response evaluation in patients with congenital genetic diseases. This mini-review focuses on the methodologies and attempts employed to study Rett syndrome using quantitative structural brain MRI analyses, including voxel- and surface-based morphometry and diffusion-weighted MRI tractography. The mini-review aims to deepen our understanding of how neuroimaging studies are used to examine congenital genetic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Shiohama
- Department of Pediatrics, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
- *Correspondence: Tadashi Shiohama,
| | - Keita Tsujimura
- Group of Brain Function and Development, Nagoya University Neuroscience Institute of the Graduate School of Science, Nagoya, Japan
- Research Unit for Developmental Disorders, Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
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13
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Oishi W, Sato M, Kubota K, Ishiyama R, Takai-Todaka R, Haga K, Katayama K, Sano D. Experimental Adaptation of Murine Norovirus to Calcium Hydroxide. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:848439. [PMID: 35432235 PMCID: PMC9009222 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.848439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Slaked lime (calcium hydroxide) is a commonly used disinfectant for fecal sludge. Although viruses are inactivated by lime treatment, whether RNA viruses adapt to lime treatment has not yet been determined. Here, we show that murine norovirus developed higher tolerance during serial passages with lime treatment. We compared synonymous and non-synonymous nucleotide diversities of the three open reading frames of viral genome and revealed that virus populations were subjected to enhanced purifying selection over the course of serial passages with lime treatment. Virus adaptation to lime treatment was coincident with amino acid substitution of lysine to arginine at position 345 (K345R) on the major capsid protein VP1, which accounted for more than 90% of the population. The infectious clones with the K345R produced using a plasmid-based reverse genetics system exhibited greater tolerance in a lime solution, which indicated that the specific amino acid substitution was solely involved in the viral tolerance in lime treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wakana Oishi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mikiko Sato
- Department of Frontier Sciences for Advanced Environment, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kengo Kubota
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Frontier Sciences for Advanced Environment, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryoka Ishiyama
- Laboratory of Viral Infection I, Department of Infection Control and Immunology, Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute & Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reiko Takai-Todaka
- Laboratory of Viral Infection I, Department of Infection Control and Immunology, Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute & Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Haga
- Laboratory of Viral Infection I, Department of Infection Control and Immunology, Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute & Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Katayama
- Laboratory of Viral Infection I, Department of Infection Control and Immunology, Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute & Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sano
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Frontier Sciences for Advanced Environment, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, Kyoto, Japan
- *Correspondence: Daisuke Sano,
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14
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Igarashi T, Okuda S, Sasahara K. Development of the Japanese Version of the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count Dictionary 2015. Front Psychol 2022; 13:841534. [PMID: 35330723 PMCID: PMC8940168 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.841534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count Dictionary 2015 (LIWC2015) is a standard text analysis dictionary that quantifies the linguistic and psychometric properties of English words. A Japanese version of the LIWC2015 dictionary (J-LIWC2015) has been expected in the fields of natural language processing and cross-cultural research. This study aims to create the J-LIWC2015 through systematic investigations of the original dictionary and Japanese corpora. The entire LIWC2015 dictionary was initially subjected to human and machine translation into Japanese. After verifying the frequency of use of the words in large corpora, frequent words and phrases that are unique to Japanese were added to the dictionary, followed by recategorization by psychologists. The updated dictionary indicated good internal consistency, semantic equivalence with the original LIWC2015 dictionary, and good construct validity in each category. The evidence suggests that the J-LIWC2015 dictionary is a powerful research tool in computational social science to scrutinize the psychological processes behind Japanese texts and promote standardized cross-cultural investigations in combination with LIWC dictionaries in different languages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasuku Igarashi
- Graduate School of Education and Human Development, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shimpei Okuda
- Graduate School of Informatics, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Sasahara
- School of Environment and Society, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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15
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Tamura K, Kobayashi Y, Ohira H. Interoceptive Accuracy Did Not Affect Moral Decision-Making, but Affect Regret Rating for One’s Moral Choices. Front Psychol 2022; 12:746897. [PMID: 35222138 PMCID: PMC8873090 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.746897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have revealed the effect of interoceptive accuracy (IAcc), a behavioral measure of the ability to feel physiological states and regulation for that, which origin emotion on decision-making such as gambling. Given that decision-making in moral dilemma situations is affected by emotion, it seems that IAcc also affects moral decision-making. The present study preliminarily investigates whether IAcc affects decision-making and emotional ratings such as regret for one’s own choices in moral dilemma situations. IAcc did not affect moral choice (deontological or utilitarian option), but affected regret ratings for one’s moral choice in portions of dilemma scenarios. Moreover, people with higher IAcc make deontological choices more rapidly than those with lower IAcc in self-related dilemma scenarios. These results suggest that people with higher IAcc feel stronger emotional conflicts about utilitarian choices but weaker conflicts about deontological choices than people with lower IAcc depending on the moral dilemma scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaho Tamura
- Department of Cognitive and Psychological Sciences, Graduate School of Informatics, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Human Sciences, Toyo Eiwa University, Yokohama, Japan
- *Correspondence: Kaho Tamura,
| | | | - Hideki Ohira
- Department of Cognitive and Psychological Sciences, Graduate School of Informatics, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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16
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Tsuji Y, Kanazawa S, Yamaguchi MK. Face-Specific Pupil Contagion in Infants. Front Psychol 2022; 12:789618. [PMID: 35069373 PMCID: PMC8767059 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.789618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pupil contagion is the phenomenon in which an observer's pupil-diameter changes in response to another person's pupil. Even chimpanzees and infants in early development stages show pupil contagion. This study investigated whether dynamic changes in pupil diameter would induce changes in infants' pupil diameter. We also investigated pupil contagion in the context of different faces. We measured the pupil-diameter of 50 five- to six-month-old infants in response to changes in the pupil diameter (dilating/constricting) of upright and inverted faces. The results showed that (1) in the upright presentation condition, dilating the pupil diameter induced a change in the infants' pupil diameter while constricting the pupil diameter did not induce a change, and (2) pupil contagion occurred only in the upright face presentation, and not in the inverted face presentation. These results indicate the face-inversion effect in infants' pupil contagion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Tsuji
- Research and Development Initiative, Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - So Kanazawa
- Department of Psychology, Japan Women’s University, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Tanaka M, Koeduka T, Matsui K. Green Leaf Volatile-Burst in Selaginella moellendorffii. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:731694. [PMID: 34777416 PMCID: PMC8578206 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.731694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Green leaf volatiles (GLVs) consist of six-carbon volatile aldehydes, alcohols, and their esters. They are formed from polyunsaturated fatty acids and are involved in the defense of plants against herbivores and pathogens. GLVs generally have low concentrations in intact healthy plant tissues, but the biosynthetic pathway to form GLVs is quickly activated by mechanical damage to tissues, an event called the GLV-burst. Most seed plants have the ability to implement GLV-burst; however, this potential in non-seed plants has not been extensively researched. In this study, we examined the GLV-burst capacity of monilophytes, lycophytes, and bryophytes, and confirmed that monilophytes and lycophytes showed substantial GLV-burst ability, while bryophytes did not, with a few exceptions. When the genome sequence of a model lycophyte, Selaginella moellendorffii was reviewed, 10 genes were found that showed high similarity with the non-canonical cytochrome P450 enzymes, CYP74s, specialized in oxylipin formation. Recombinant proteins expressed with Escherichia coli showed that one of them had the ability to encode allene oxide synthase, and another encoded hydroperoxide lyase (HPL), preferring linolenic acid 13-hydroperoxide, and it was inferred that this gene was responsible for GLV-burst in S. moellendorffii. Based on the phylogenetic tree constructed with CYP74s of non-seed and seed plants, we hypothesized that HPL was acquired independently in the lycophyte and seed plants through diversification of CYP74 genes.
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18
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Abstract
Introduction: The effect of promoting a physical reaction by the described action is called the action-sentence compatibility effect (ACE). It has been verified that physical motion changes depending on the time phase and grammatical expression. However, it is unclear how adverbs and onomatopoeia change motion simulations and subsequent movements. Methods: The subjects were 35 healthy adults (11 females; mean age 21.3). We prepared 20 sentences each, expressing actions related to hands and feet. These were converted into 80 sentences (stimulus set A), with the words "Slow" or "Quick" added to the words related to the speed of movement, and 80 sentences (stimulus set B) with the words "Fast" and onomatopoeia "Satto" added. Additionally, 20 unnatural sentences were prepared for each stimulus set as pseudo sentences. Choice reaction time was adopted; subjects pressed the button with their right hand only when the presented text was correctly understood (Go no-go task). The reaction time (RTs) and the number of errors (NoE) were recorded and compared. Results: As a result of a two-way repeated ANOVA, an interaction effect (body parts × words) was observed in RTs and NoE in set A. "Hand and Fast" had significantly faster RTs than "Hand and Slow" and "Foot and Fast." Furthermore, "Hand and Fast" had a significantly higher NoE than others. In set B, the main effects were observed in both RTs and NoE. "Hand" and "Satto" had significantly faster RTs than "Foot" and "Quick," respectively. Additionally, an interaction effect was observed in NoE, wherein "Foot and Satto" was significantly higher than "Hand and Satto" and "Foot and Quick." Conclusion: In this study, the word "Fast" promoted hand response, reaffirming ACE. The onomatopoeia "Satto" was a word that conveys the speed of movement, but it was suggested that the degree of understanding may be influenced by the body part and the attributes of the subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Irie
- Cognitive Motor Neuroscience, Department of Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shuo Zhao
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kazuhiro Okamoto
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Science, Fukui Health Science University, Fukui, Japan
| | - Nan Liang
- Cognitive Motor Neuroscience, Department of Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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19
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Okasho K, Mizuno K, Fukui T, Lin Y, Kamiyama Y, Sunada T, Li X, Kimura H, Sumiyoshi T, Goto T, Kobayashi T, Lin D, Wang Y, Collins CC, Inoue T, Ogawa O, Akamatsu S. Establishment and characterization of a novel treatment-related neuroendocrine prostate cancer cell line KUCaP13. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:2781-2791. [PMID: 33960594 PMCID: PMC8253279 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) arising from adenocarcinoma (AC) upon potent androgen receptor (AR) pathway inhibition is increasing. Deeper understanding of NEPC biology and development of novel therapeutic agents are needed. However, research is hindered by the paucity of research models, especially cell lines developed from NEPC patients. We established a novel NEPC cell line, KUCaP13, from tissue of a patient initially diagnosed with AC which later recurred as NEPC. The cell line has been maintained permanently in vitro under regular cell culture conditions and is amenable to gene engineering with lentivirus. KUCaP13 cells lack the expression of AR and overexpress NEPC-associated genes, including SOX2, EZH2, AURKA, PEG10, POU3F2, ENO2, and FOXA2. Importantly, the cell line maintains the homozygous deletion of CHD1, which was confirmed in the primary AC of the index patient. Loss of heterozygosity of TP53 and PTEN, and an allelic loss of RB1 with a transcriptomic signature compatible with Rb pathway aberration were revealed. Knockdown of PEG10 using shRNA significantly suppressed growth in vivo. Introduction of luciferase allowed serial monitoring of cells implanted orthotopically or in the renal subcapsule. Although H3K27me was reduced by EZH2 inhibition, reversion to AC was not observed. KUCaP13 is the first patient-derived, treatment-related NEPC cell line with triple loss of tumor suppressors critical for NEPC development through lineage plasticity. It could be valuable in research to deepen the understanding of NEPC.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/pathology
- Animals
- Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/genetics
- Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/genetics
- Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/pathology
- Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/secondary
- Cell Line, Tumor/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor/pathology
- DNA Helicases/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
- Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 Protein/antagonists & inhibitors
- Gene Deletion
- Gene Expression
- Genes, Neoplasm
- Genes, Retinoblastoma
- Genes, Tumor Suppressor
- Genes, p53
- Genetic Engineering
- Heterografts
- Homozygote
- Humans
- Karyotyping
- Loss of Heterozygosity
- Male
- Mice, SCID
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- PTEN Phosphohydrolase/genetics
- Penile Neoplasms/genetics
- Penile Neoplasms/secondary
- Prostatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology
- RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Receptors, Androgen
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Okasho
- Department of UrologyKyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | - Kei Mizuno
- Department of UrologyKyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | - Tomohiro Fukui
- Department of UrologyKyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | - Yen‐Yi Lin
- Vancouver Prostate CentreUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Yuki Kamiyama
- Department of UrologyKyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | - Takuro Sunada
- Department of UrologyKyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | - Xin Li
- Department of UrologyKyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | - Hiroko Kimura
- Department of UrologyKyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | - Takayuki Sumiyoshi
- Department of UrologyKyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | - Takayuki Goto
- Department of UrologyKyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | - Takashi Kobayashi
- Department of UrologyKyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | - Dong Lin
- Department of Experimental TherapeuticsBC Cancer AgencyVancouverBCCanada
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Department of Experimental TherapeuticsBC Cancer AgencyVancouverBCCanada
| | - Colin C. Collins
- Vancouver Prostate CentreUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Takahiro Inoue
- Department of Nephro‐Urologic SurgeryMie University Graduate School of MedicineTsuJapan
| | - Osamu Ogawa
- Department of UrologyKyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | - Shusuke Akamatsu
- Department of UrologyKyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyotoJapan
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Tamura I, Kawamoto‐Jozaki M, Fujimura T, Doi‐Tanaka Y, Takagi H, Shirafuta Y, Mihara Y, Taketani T, Tamura H, Sugino N. Relationship between follicular size and developmental capacity of oocytes under controlled ovarian hyperstimulation in assisted reproductive technologies. Reprod Med Biol 2021; 20:299-304. [PMID: 34262397 PMCID: PMC8254166 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigate the relationships between oocyte developmental capacity and follicular size of its origin in Japanese women: those undergoing conventional IVF (cIVF) and ICSI, respectively. METHODS A total of 3377 follicles were punctured separately and were classified into three groups (large, medium, and small) by their diameters. A total of 1482 retrieved oocytes were individually cultured and received cIVF or ICSI. The oocytes receiving ICSI were denuded and the number of mature (MII) oocytes was counted. RESULTS The oocyte retrieval rates and the proportion of MII oocytes were significantly lower in small follicles than in large follicles. Under cIVF, the fertilization rate was significantly lower in oocytes from small follicles than large follicles. Under ICSI, the fertilization rate for MII oocytes was not significantly related to follicular size. Follicular size was not significantly related to the development potential to blastocyst and pregnancy rate for either the cIVF oocytes or the ICSI oocytes. CONCLUSIONS Although the fertilization rate by cIVF is low in oocytes from small follicles due to the lower proportion of mature oocytes, their development potential is comparable to that of oocytes from larger follicles if they could be fertilized. Under ICSI using mature oocytes, their development potential is not related to follicular size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isao Tamura
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyYamaguchi University Graduate School of MedicineUbeJapan
| | - Mai Kawamoto‐Jozaki
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyYamaguchi University Graduate School of MedicineUbeJapan
| | - Taishi Fujimura
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyYamaguchi University Graduate School of MedicineUbeJapan
| | - Yumiko Doi‐Tanaka
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyYamaguchi University Graduate School of MedicineUbeJapan
| | - Haruka Takagi
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyYamaguchi University Graduate School of MedicineUbeJapan
| | - Yuichiro Shirafuta
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyYamaguchi University Graduate School of MedicineUbeJapan
| | - Yumiko Mihara
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyYamaguchi University Graduate School of MedicineUbeJapan
| | - Toshiaki Taketani
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyYamaguchi University Graduate School of MedicineUbeJapan
| | - Hiroshi Tamura
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyYamaguchi University Graduate School of MedicineUbeJapan
| | - Norihiro Sugino
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyYamaguchi University Graduate School of MedicineUbeJapan
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Ichiyama T, Kuroda K, Nagai Y, Urushiyama D, Ohno M, Yamaguchi T, Nagayoshi M, Sakuraba Y, Yamasaki F, Hata K, Miyamoto S, Itakura A, Takeda S, Tanaka A. Analysis of vaginal and endometrial microbiota communities in infertile women with a history of repeated implantation failure. Reprod Med Biol 2021; 20:334-344. [PMID: 34262402 PMCID: PMC8254176 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify specific bacterial communities in vaginal and endometrial microbiotas as biomarkers of implantation failure by comprehensively analyzing their microbiotas using next-generation sequencing. METHODS We investigated α- and β-diversities of vaginal and endometrial microbiotas using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and compared their profiles between 145 women with repeated implantation failure (RIF) and 21 controls who lacked the factors responsible for implantation failure with a high probability of being healthy and fertile to identify specific bacteria that induce implantation failure. RESULTS The endometrial microbiotas had higher α-diversities than did the vaginal microbiotas (P < .001). The microbiota profiles showed that vaginal and endometrial samples in RIF patients had significantly higher levels of 5 and 14 bacterial genera, respectively, than those in controls. Vaginal Lactobacillus rates in RIF patients were significantly lower at 76.4 ± 38.9% compared with those of the controls at 91.8 ± 22.7% (P = .018), but endometrial Lactobacillus rates did not significantly differ between the RIF patients and controls (56.2 ± 36.4% and 58.8 ± 37.0%, respectively, P = .79). CONCLUSIONS Impaired microbiota communities containing specific bacteria in both the endometrium and vagina were associated with implantation failure. The vaginal Lactobacillus rates, but not the endometrial, may be a biomarker for RIF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuhiko Ichiyama
- Saint Mother Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic and Institute for Assisted Reproductive TechnologiesFukuokaJapan
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyJuntendo University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Keiji Kuroda
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyJuntendo University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Implantation ResearchSugiyama Clinic ShinjukuTokyoJapan
| | - Yoko Nagai
- Varinos Inc.TokyoJapan
- Department of Maternal‐Fetal BiologyNational Research Institute for Child Health and DevelopmentTokyoJapan
| | - Daichi Urushiyama
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyFaculty of MedicineFukuoka UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Motoharu Ohno
- Saint Mother Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic and Institute for Assisted Reproductive TechnologiesFukuokaJapan
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyJuntendo University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Takashi Yamaguchi
- Saint Mother Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic and Institute for Assisted Reproductive TechnologiesFukuokaJapan
| | - Motoi Nagayoshi
- Saint Mother Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic and Institute for Assisted Reproductive TechnologiesFukuokaJapan
| | | | - Fumio Yamasaki
- Division of PathologyJapan Community Health Care OrganizationSaga Central HospitalSagaJapan
| | - Kenichiro Hata
- Department of Maternal‐Fetal BiologyNational Research Institute for Child Health and DevelopmentTokyoJapan
| | - Shingo Miyamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyFaculty of MedicineFukuoka UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Atsuo Itakura
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyJuntendo University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Satoru Takeda
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyJuntendo University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Atsushi Tanaka
- Saint Mother Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic and Institute for Assisted Reproductive TechnologiesFukuokaJapan
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22
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Fukuda Y, Homma T, Inoue H, Onitsuka C, Ikeda H, Goto Y, Sato Y, Kimura T, Hirai K, Ohta S, Yamamoto M, Kusumoto S, Suzuki S, Tanaka A, Sagara H. Downregulation of type III interferons in patients with severe COVID-19. J Med Virol 2021; 93:4559-4563. [PMID: 33811680 PMCID: PMC8250710 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is globally rampant, and to curb the growing burden of this disease, in-depth knowledge about its pathophysiology is needed. This was an observational study conducted at a single center to investigate serum cytokine and chemokine levels of COVID-19 patients, based on disease severity. We included 72 consecutive COVID-19 patients admitted to our hospital from March 21 to August 31, 2020. Patients were divided into Mild-Moderate I (mild) and Moderate II-Severe (severe) groups based on the COVID-19 severity classification developed by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (MHLW) of Japan. We compared the patient characteristics as well as the serum cytokine and chemokine levels on the day of admission between the two groups. Our findings indicated that the severe group had significantly higher levels of serum fibrinogen, d-dimer, lactate dehydrogenase, C-reactive protein, ferritin, Krebs von den Lungen-6, surfactant protein (SP)-D, and SP-A than the mild group. Strikingly, the levels of interleukin (IL)-28A/interferon (IFN)-λ2 were significantly lower in the severe group than in the mild group. We believe that reduced levels of type III interferons (IFN-λs) and alterations in the levels of other cytokines and chemokines may impact the severity of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Fukuda
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of MedicineShowa University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Tetsuya Homma
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of MedicineShowa University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Hideki Inoue
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of MedicineShowa University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Chisato Onitsuka
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of MedicineShowa University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Hitoshi Ikeda
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of MedicineShowa University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Yuiko Goto
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of MedicineShowa University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Yoko Sato
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of MedicineShowa University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Tomoyuki Kimura
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of MedicineShowa University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Kuniaki Hirai
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of MedicineShowa University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Shin Ohta
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of MedicineShowa University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Mayumi Yamamoto
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of MedicineShowa University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Sojiro Kusumoto
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of MedicineShowa University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Shintaro Suzuki
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of MedicineShowa University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Akihiko Tanaka
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of MedicineShowa University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Hironori Sagara
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of MedicineShowa University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
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23
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Yoneda A, Minomi K, Tamura Y. Heat shock protein 47 confers chemoresistance on pancreatic cancer cells by interacting with calreticulin and IRE1α. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:2803-2820. [PMID: 34109710 PMCID: PMC8253297 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most chemoresistant cancers. An understanding of the molecular mechanism by which PDAC cells have a high chemoresistant potential is important for improvement of the poor prognosis of patients with PDAC. Here we show for the first time that disruption of heat shock protein 47 (HSP47) enhances the efficacy of the therapeutic agent gemcitabine for PDAC cells and that the efficacy is suppressed by reconstituting HSP47 expression. HSP47 interacts with calreticulin (CALR) and the unfolded protein response transducer IRE1α in PDAC cells. Ablation of HSP47 promotes both the interaction of CALR with sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ -ATPase 2 and interaction of IRE1α with inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor, which generates a condition in which an increase in intracellular Ca2+ level is prone to be induced by oxidative stimuli. Disruption of HSP47 enhances NADPH oxidase-induced generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequent increase in intracellular Ca2+ level in PDAC cells after treatment with gemcitabine, resulting in the death of PDAC cells by activation of the Ca2+ /caspases axis. Ablation of HSP47 promotes gemcitabine-induced suppression of tumor growth in PDAC cell-bearing mice. Overall, these results indicated that HSP47 confers chemoresistance on PDAC cells and suggested that disruption of HSP47 may improve the efficacy of chemotherapy for patients with PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Yoneda
- Department of Molecular TherapeuticsCenter for Food & Medical InnovationInstitute for the Promotion of Business‐Regional CollaborationHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Kenjiro Minomi
- Department of Molecular TherapeuticsCenter for Food & Medical InnovationInstitute for the Promotion of Business‐Regional CollaborationHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
- Research & Development DepartmentNucleic Acid Medicine Business DivisionNitto Denko CorporationSapporoJapan
| | - Yasuaki Tamura
- Department of Molecular TherapeuticsCenter for Food & Medical InnovationInstitute for the Promotion of Business‐Regional CollaborationHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
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24
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Iida K, Hayasaka D, Suzuki Y, Uchida T, Sawahata T, Hashimoto K. Legacy of pre-eruption vegetation affects ground-dwelling arthropod communities after different types of volcanic disturbance. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:9110-9122. [PMID: 34257947 PMCID: PMC8258224 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Volcanic eruptions are one of the largest natural disturbances and are followed by the establishment of novel plant and animal communities in terrestrial ecosystems. However, the role of pre-eruption vegetation in the establishment of arthropod communities after volcanic disturbances is currently unknown. Here, we asked whether the legacy of pre-eruption vegetation mediates the community structure of ground-dwelling arthropods after volcanic disturbances. The 2015 eruption in Kuchinoerabu-jima Island, southwest Japan, caused two types of disturbances [a pyroclastic flow and a lahar (i.e., mudflow)] in three types of forests (broad-leaved, black pine, and cedar). We hypothesized that pre-eruption vegetation would influence the community structure of ground-dwelling arthropods after the disturbance, and we expected that these effects from vegetation would be more prevalent for the less severe disturbances. The total abundance of ground-dwelling arthropods decreased more in the lahar than the pyroclastic flow, and arthropod species composition showed a greater change after the lahar. These findings suggest that the lahar disturbance was more severe than the pyroclastic disturbance. Contrary to expectations, the difference in the arthropod species composition among the vegetation types was greatest after the lahar. After the pyroclastic flow, leaf litter remained to some degree with all the vegetation types. After the lahar disturbance, however, although the litter in the cedar forests remained, the litter disappeared completely from broad-leaved and black pine forests. The disappearance of litter from these two forest types after the lahar may be responsible for the greater difference in arthropod species composition among the vegetation types. This study shows that the legacy effects of pre-eruption vegetation on terrestrial arthropod communities after volcanic disturbance were different depending on the type of disturbance. Focusing on the role of pre-eruption biotic factors would contribute to a better understanding of the recovery processes of terrestrial ecosystems after large natural disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyohei Iida
- Graduate School of AgricultureKindai UniversityNaraJapan
- Kyushu BranchRegional Environmental Planning Inc.FukuokaJapan
| | | | - Yuya Suzuki
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental ScienceUniversity of TsukubaTsukubaJapan
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural SciencesKagoshima UniversityKorimotoJapan
| | - Taizo Uchida
- Faculty of Architecture and Civil EngineeringKyushu Sangyo UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | | | - Koya Hashimoto
- Faculty of AgricultureKindai UniversityNaraJapan
- National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES)TsukubaJapan
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25
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Kwon H, Basran J, Pathak C, Hussain M, Freeman SL, Fielding AJ, Bailey AJ, Stefanou N, Sparkes HA, Tosha T, Yamashita K, Hirata K, Murakami H, Ueno G, Ago H, Tono K, Yamamoto M, Sawai H, Shiro Y, Sugimoto H, Raven EL, Moody PCE. XFEL Crystal Structures of Peroxidase Compound II. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:14578-14585. [PMID: 33826799 PMCID: PMC8251747 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen activation in all heme enzymes requires the formation of high oxidation states of iron, usually referred to as ferryl heme. There are two known intermediates: Compound I and Compound II. The nature of the ferryl heme-and whether it is an FeIV =O or FeIV -OH species-is important for controlling reactivity across groups of heme enzymes. The most recent evidence for Compound I indicates that the ferryl heme is an unprotonated FeIV =O species. For Compound II, the nature of the ferryl heme is not unambiguously established. Here, we report 1.06 Å and 1.50 Å crystal structures for Compound II intermediates in cytochrome c peroxidase (CcP) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), collected using the X-ray free electron laser at SACLA. The structures reveal differences between the two peroxidases. The iron-oxygen bond length in CcP (1.76 Å) is notably shorter than in APX (1.87 Å). The results indicate that the ferryl species is finely tuned across Compound I and Compound II species in closely related peroxidase enzymes. We propose that this fine-tuning is linked to the functional need for proton delivery to the heme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Kwon
- School of ChemistryUniversity of BristolCantock's CloseBristolBS8 1TSUK
| | - Jaswir Basran
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical BiologyUniversity of LeicesterLancaster RoadLeicesterLE1 7RHUK
| | - Chinar Pathak
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical BiologyUniversity of LeicesterLancaster RoadLeicesterLE1 7RHUK
| | - Mahdi Hussain
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical BiologyUniversity of LeicesterLancaster RoadLeicesterLE1 7RHUK
| | - Samuel L. Freeman
- School of ChemistryUniversity of BristolCantock's CloseBristolBS8 1TSUK
| | - Alistair J. Fielding
- Centre for Natural Products Discovery, Pharmacy and Biomolecular SciencesLiverpool John Moores UniversityJames Parsons Building, Byrom StreetLiverpoolL3 3AFUK
| | - Anna J. Bailey
- School of ChemistryUniversity of BristolCantock's CloseBristolBS8 1TSUK
| | - Natalia Stefanou
- School of ChemistryUniversity of BristolCantock's CloseBristolBS8 1TSUK
| | - Hazel A. Sparkes
- School of ChemistryUniversity of BristolCantock's CloseBristolBS8 1TSUK
| | | | - Keitaro Yamashita
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center1-1-1 KoutoSayoHyogo679-5148Japan
- Present address: MRC Laboratory of Molecular BiologyFrancis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical CampusCambridgeCB1 0QHUK
| | - Kunio Hirata
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center1-1-1 KoutoSayoHyogo679-5148Japan
| | - Hironori Murakami
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute1-1-1 KoutoSayoHyogo679-5198Japan
| | - Go Ueno
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center1-1-1 KoutoSayoHyogo679-5148Japan
| | - Hideo Ago
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center1-1-1 KoutoSayoHyogo679-5148Japan
| | - Kensuke Tono
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute1-1-1 KoutoSayoHyogo679-5198Japan
| | | | - Hitomi Sawai
- Graduate School of Life ScienceUniversity of Hyogo3-2-1 Kouto, Kamigori-choAko-gunHyogo678-1297Japan
| | - Yoshitsugu Shiro
- Graduate School of Life ScienceUniversity of Hyogo3-2-1 Kouto, Kamigori-choAko-gunHyogo678-1297Japan
| | | | - Emma L. Raven
- School of ChemistryUniversity of BristolCantock's CloseBristolBS8 1TSUK
| | - Peter C. E. Moody
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical BiologyUniversity of LeicesterLancaster RoadLeicesterLE1 7RHUK
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26
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Brasnett A, Pfeffer I, Brewitz L, Chowdhury R, Nakashima Y, Tumber A, McDonough MA, Schofield CJ. Human Oxygenase Variants Employing a Single Protein Fe II Ligand Are Catalytically Active. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:14657-14663. [PMID: 33887099 PMCID: PMC8252765 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Aspartate/asparagine-β-hydroxylase (AspH) is a human 2-oxoglutarate (2OG) and FeII oxygenase that catalyses C3 hydroxylations of aspartate/asparagine residues of epidermal growth factor-like domains (EGFDs). Unusually, AspH employs two histidine residues to chelate FeII rather than the typical triad of two histidine and one glutamate/aspartate residue. We report kinetic, inhibition, and crystallographic studies concerning human AspH variants in which either of its FeII binding histidine residues are substituted for alanine. Both the H725A and, in particular, the H679A AspH variants retain substantial catalytic activity. Crystal structures clearly reveal metal-ligation by only a single protein histidine ligand. The results have implications for the functional assignment of 2OG oxygenases and for the design of non-protein biomimetic catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Brasnett
- Chemistry Research Laboratory and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial ResearchUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Inga Pfeffer
- Chemistry Research Laboratory and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial ResearchUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Lennart Brewitz
- Chemistry Research Laboratory and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial ResearchUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Rasheduzzaman Chowdhury
- Chemistry Research Laboratory and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial ResearchUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Yu Nakashima
- Chemistry Research Laboratory and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial ResearchUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
- Present address: Institute of Natural MedicineUniversity of Toyama2630-Sugitani930-0194ToyamaJapan
| | - Anthony Tumber
- Chemistry Research Laboratory and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial ResearchUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Michael A. McDonough
- Chemistry Research Laboratory and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial ResearchUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Christopher J. Schofield
- Chemistry Research Laboratory and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial ResearchUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
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27
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Matsushita Y, Hasegawa Y, Takebe N, Onodera K, Shozushima M, Oda T, Nagasawa K, Honma H, Nata K, Sasaki A, Ishigaki Y. Serum C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 14 levels are associated with serum C-peptide and fatty liver index in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. J Diabetes Investig 2021; 12:1042-1049. [PMID: 33063457 PMCID: PMC8169342 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION Recent studies have suggested C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 14 (CXCL14), secreted from adipose tissue, to play an important role in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome. However, the clinical significance of CXCL14 in humans has not been elucidated. This study aimed to assess correlations between serum CXCL14 levels and clinical parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. MATERIALS AND METHODS In total, 176 individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus were recruited. Serum CXCL14 concentrations were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We examined the associations of serum CXCL14 levels with laboratory values, abdominal computed tomography image information, surrogate markers used for evaluating the pathological states of diabetes, obesity and atherosclerosis. RESULTS Serum CXCL14 levels correlated positively with body mass index, waist circumference, subcutaneous and visceral fat areas, and serum alanine transaminase, uric acid, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides and C-peptide (CPR) levels. In contrast, CXCL14 levels correlated inversely with age, pulse wave velocity and serum adiponectin levels. Multiple linear regression analysis showed serum levels of CPR (β = 0.227, P = 0.038) and the fatty liver index (β = 0.205, P = 0.049) to be the only parameters showing independent statistically significant associations with serum CXCL14 levels. CONCLUSIONS Serum CXCL14 levels were independently associated with serum CPR and fatty liver index in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. In these patients, a high serum CPR concentration might reflect insulin resistance rather than β-cell function, because CXCL14 showed simple correlations with obesity-related parameters. Collectively, these data suggested that serum CXCL14 levels in type 2 diabetes patients might be useful predictors of elevated serum CPR and hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriko Matsushita
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal MedicineIwate Medical UniversityYahabaJapan
| | - Yutaka Hasegawa
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal MedicineIwate Medical UniversityYahabaJapan
| | - Noriko Takebe
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal MedicineIwate Medical UniversityYahabaJapan
| | - Ken Onodera
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal MedicineIwate Medical UniversityYahabaJapan
| | - Masaharu Shozushima
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal MedicineIwate Medical UniversityYahabaJapan
| | - Tomoyasu Oda
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal MedicineIwate Medical UniversityYahabaJapan
| | - Kan Nagasawa
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal MedicineIwate Medical UniversityYahabaJapan
| | - Hiroyuki Honma
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal MedicineIwate Medical UniversityYahabaJapan
| | - Koji Nata
- Division of Medical BiochemistrySchool of PharmacyIwate Medical UniversityYahabaJapan
| | - Akira Sasaki
- Department of SurgeryIwate Medical UniversityYahabaJapan
| | - Yasushi Ishigaki
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal MedicineIwate Medical UniversityYahabaJapan
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Nakahara M, Hanaya K, Sugai T, Higashibayashi S. Theoretical Analysis of the Heterocyclic [4+2] Cycloaddition Between Pyridinium Ion and Enol Ether. ChemistryOpen 2021; 10:627-629. [PMID: 33464712 PMCID: PMC8172999 DOI: 10.1002/open.202000310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Dearomative heterocyclic [4+2] cycloaddition between the N-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)pyridinium ion of nicotinamide and an enol ether was analyzed by Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The calculation revealed that the reaction undergoes stepwise bond formation rather than occurring in a concerted manner. The experimental products were found to be both kinetically and thermodynamically favored. The calculated transition states and intermediate suggested that the high diastereoselectivity is derived from the electrostatic interaction between the 2-nitro group of the pyridinium ion and the hydrogen of the enol ether.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Nakahara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of PharmacyKeio University1-5-30 ShibakoenMinato-ku, Tokyo105-8512Japan
| | - Kengo Hanaya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of PharmacyKeio University1-5-30 ShibakoenMinato-ku, Tokyo105-8512Japan
| | - Takeshi Sugai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of PharmacyKeio University1-5-30 ShibakoenMinato-ku, Tokyo105-8512Japan
| | - Shuhei Higashibayashi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of PharmacyKeio University1-5-30 ShibakoenMinato-ku, Tokyo105-8512Japan
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Nishioka D, Saito J, Ueno K, Kondo N. Non-financial social determinants of diabetes among public assistance recipients in Japan: A cohort study. J Diabetes Investig 2021; 12:1104-1111. [PMID: 33047513 PMCID: PMC8169356 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION Poverty is an important social determinant of diabetes. Poverty is a multidimensional concept including non-financial difficulties, such as social isolation and exclusion from communities. Many countries provide financial social assistance programs for those in need. This study aimed to explore non-financial social determinants of diabetes among public assistance recipients in Japan, by using linkage data of two municipal public assistance databases and medical assistance claim data. MATERIALS AND METHODS We carried out a retrospective cohort study. Public assistance is provided to households below the poverty line to ensure their income security. We extracted recipients' sociodemographic factors of January 2016 (household number and employment status as non-financial social determinants of diabetes) and identified the incidence of diabetes diagnosis until December 2016 as the outcome. RESULTS We included the data of 2,698 younger individuals (aged <65 years) and 3,019 older individuals (aged >65 years). A multivariable Poisson regression, with a robust standard error estimator, showed that among 2,144 younger recipients at risk, unemployment and living alone were slightly associated with 1-year cumulative incidence of diabetes diagnosis (adjusted incidence ratio 1.20, 95% confidence interval 0.93-1.54 and adjusted incidence ratio 1.15, 95% confidence interval 0.89-1.48, respectively). Among 2,181 older recipients at risk, there was no strong association between their sociodemographic factors and incidence of diabetes diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS Unemployment and living alone might be additional risk factors for diabetes among younger public assistance recipients. Multidimensional supports assuring financial and non-financial securities are required to prevent diabetes among people living in poverty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Nishioka
- Department of Health and Social BehaviorGraduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
- Department of Social EpidemiologyGraduate School of Medicine and School of Public HealthKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Junko Saito
- Behavioral Science DivisionBehavioral Sciences and Survivorship Research GroupCenter for Public Health SciencesNational Cancer Center JapanTokyoJapan
| | - Keiko Ueno
- Department of Health and Social BehaviorGraduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Naoki Kondo
- Department of Health and Social BehaviorGraduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
- Department of Social EpidemiologyGraduate School of Medicine and School of Public HealthKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
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Mitani S, Sato E, Kawaguchi N, Sawada S, Sakamoto K, Kitani T, Sanada T, Yamada H, Hato N. Case-specific three-dimensional hologram with a mixed reality technique for tumor resection in otolaryngology. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2021; 6:432-437. [PMID: 34195364 PMCID: PMC8223462 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We report our first experience of using a case-specific three-dimensional (3D) hologram for tumor resection in otolaryngology to show the proof of concept. In addition, a questionnaire was administered to assess the usefulness of the mixed reality technique in otolaryngology. METHODS A case-specific 3D hologram was developed from enhanced images of dynamic computed tomography, with reference to contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance images, and used for preoperative planning and intraoperative image reference. To evaluate the usefulness of the 3D hologram with head mount displays (HMDs), 18 attendings and resident otolaryngologists completed a questionnaire with the Likert scale. RESULTS The case-specific 3D hologram on HMDs was successfully used by means of easy gesture-handling without any monitors preoperatively and intraoperatively. The experience of picturing the tumor localization and evaluating the surgical approach was statistically better using the 3D hologram on HMDs than using the computer images (P < .01). Similarly, the holograms were observed to be better for intraoperative application and surgical education than computer images (P < .01). CONCLUSION We demonstrated the use of a case-specific 3D hologram for tumor resection in otolaryngology. The technology may be useful for preoperative planning and intraoperative image reference, especially for challenging cases, and surgical education. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohei Mitani
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryEhime University Graduate School of MedicineShitsukawa, ToonEhimeJapan
| | - Eriko Sato
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryEhime University Graduate School of MedicineShitsukawa, ToonEhimeJapan
| | - Naoto Kawaguchi
- Department of RadiologyEhime University Graduate School of MedicineShitsukawa, ToonEhimeJapan
| | - Shun Sawada
- Department of RadiologyEhime University Graduate School of MedicineShitsukawa, ToonEhimeJapan
| | - Kayo Sakamoto
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryEhime University Graduate School of MedicineShitsukawa, ToonEhimeJapan
| | - Takashi Kitani
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryEhime University Graduate School of MedicineShitsukawa, ToonEhimeJapan
| | - Tomoyoshi Sanada
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryEhime University Graduate School of MedicineShitsukawa, ToonEhimeJapan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamada
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryEhime University Graduate School of MedicineShitsukawa, ToonEhimeJapan
| | - Naohito Hato
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryEhime University Graduate School of MedicineShitsukawa, ToonEhimeJapan
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Soga M, Evans MJ, Cox DTC, Gaston KJ. Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on human-nature interactions: Pathways, evidence and implications. People Nat (Hoboken) 2021; 3:518-527. [PMID: 34230912 PMCID: PMC8251160 DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and the global response have dramatically changed people's lifestyles in much of the world. These major changes, as well as the associated changes in impacts on the environment, can alter the dynamics of the direct interactions between humans and nature (hereafter human-nature interactions) far beyond those concerned with animals as sources of novel human coronavirus infections. There may be a variety of consequences for both people and nature.Here, we suggest a conceptual framework for understanding how the COVID-19 pandemic might affect the dynamics of human-nature interactions. This highlights three different, but not mutually exclusive, pathways: changes in (a) opportunity, (b) capability and (c) motivation.Through this framework, we also suggest that there are several feedback loops by which changes in human-nature interactions induced by the COVID-19 pandemic can lead to further changes in these interactions such that the impacts of the pandemic could persist over the long term, including after it has ended.The COVID-19 pandemic, which has had the most tragic consequences, can also be viewed as a 'global natural experiment' in human-nature interactions that can provide unprecedented mechanistic insights into the complex processes and dynamics of these interactions and into possible strategies to manage them to best effect. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Soga
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life SciencesThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Maldwyn J. Evans
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life SciencesThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
- Fenner School of Environment and SocietyThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACTAustralia
| | - Daniel T. C. Cox
- Environment and Sustainability InstituteUniversity of ExeterPenrynUK
| | - Kevin J. Gaston
- Environment and Sustainability InstituteUniversity of ExeterPenrynUK
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Shimomura K, Kato A, Morita K. Rigid reduced successor representation as a potential mechanism for addiction. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 53:3768-3790. [PMID: 33840120 PMCID: PMC8252639 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Difficulty in cessation of drinking, smoking, or gambling has been widely recognized. Conventional theories proposed relative dominance of habitual over goal-directed control, but human studies have not convincingly supported them. Referring to the recently suggested "successor representation (SR)" of states that enables partially goal-directed control, we propose a dopamine-related mechanism that makes resistance to habitual reward-obtaining particularly difficult. We considered that long-standing behavior towards a certain reward without resisting temptation can (but not always) lead to a formation of rigid dimension-reduced SR based on the goal state, which cannot be updated. Then, in our model assuming such rigid reduced SR, whereas no reward prediction error (RPE) is generated at the goal while no resistance is made, a sustained large positive RPE is generated upon goal reaching once the person starts resisting temptation. Such sustained RPE is somewhat similar to the hypothesized sustained fictitious RPE caused by drug-induced dopamine. In contrast, if rigid reduced SR is not formed and states are represented individually as in simple reinforcement learning models, no sustained RPE is generated at the goal. Formation of rigid reduced SR also attenuates the resistance-dependent decrease in the value of the cue for behavior, makes subsequent introduction of punishment after the goal ineffective, and potentially enhances the propensity of nonresistance through the influence of RPEs via the spiral striatum-midbrain circuit. These results suggest that formation of rigid reduced SR makes cessation of habitual reward-obtaining particularly difficult and can thus be a mechanism for addiction, common to substance and nonsubstance reward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanji Shimomura
- Physical and Health EducationGraduate School of EducationThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
- Department of Behavioral MedicineNational Institute of Mental HealthNational Center of Neurology and PsychiatryKodairaJapan
| | - Ayaka Kato
- Department of Life SciencesGraduate School of Arts and SciencesThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
- Laboratory for Circuit Mechanisms of Sensory PerceptionRIKEN Center for Brain ScienceWakoJapan
- Research Fellowship for Young ScientistsJapan Society for the Promotion of ScienceTokyoJapan
| | - Kenji Morita
- Physical and Health EducationGraduate School of EducationThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI‐IRCN)The University of TokyoTokyoJapan
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Gutiérrez‐Ortega JS, Molina‐Freaner F, Martínez JF, Pérez‐Farrera MA, Vovides AP, Hernández‐López A, Tezuka A, Nagano AJ, Watano Y, Takahashi Y, Murakami M, Kajita T. Speciation along a latitudinal gradient: The origin of the Neotropical cycad sister pair Dioon sonorense- D. vovidesii (Zamiaceae). Ecol Evol 2021; 11:6962-6976. [PMID: 34141268 PMCID: PMC8207156 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Latitude is correlated with environmental components that determine the distribution of biodiversity. In combination with geographic factors, latitude-associated environmental variables are expected to influence speciation, but empirical evidence on how those factors interplay is scarce. We evaluated the genetic and environmental variation among populations in the pair of sister species Dioon sonorense-D. vovidesii, two cycads distributed along a latitudinal environmental gradient in northwestern Mexico, to reveal their demographic histories and the environmental factors involved in their divergence. Using genome-wide loci data, we determined the species delimitation, estimated the gene flow, and compared multiple demographic scenarios of divergence. Also, we estimated the variation of climatic variables among populations and used ecological niche models to test niche overlap between species. The effect of geographic and environmental variables on the genetic variation among populations was evaluated using linear models. Our results suggest the existence of a widespread ancestral population that split into the two species ~829 ky ago. The geographic delimitation along the environmental gradient occurs in the absence of major geographic barriers, near the 28th parallel north, where a zonation of environmental seasonality exists. The northern species, D. vovidesii, occurs in more seasonal environments but retains the same niche of the southern species, D. sonorense. The genetic variation throughout populations cannot be solely explained by stochastic processes; the latitudinal-associated seasonality has been an additive factor that strengthened the species divergence. This study represents an example of how speciation can be achieved by the effect of the latitude-associated factors on the genetic divergence among populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francisco Molina‐Freaner
- Departamento de Ecología de la BiodiversidadInstituto de EcologíaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoHermosilloMexico
| | - José F. Martínez
- Departamento de Ecología de la BiodiversidadInstituto de EcologíaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoHermosilloMexico
| | - Miguel Angel Pérez‐Farrera
- Laboratorio de Ecología EvolutivaHerbario Eizi MatudaInstituto de Ciencias BiológicasUniversidad de Ciencias y Artes de ChiapasTuxtla GutiérrezMexico
| | | | - Antonio Hernández‐López
- Ciencias AgrogenómicasEscuela Nacional de Estudios SuperioresUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoLeónMexico
| | - Ayumi Tezuka
- Faculty of AgricultureRyukoku UniversityOtsuJapan
| | | | - Yasuyuki Watano
- Department of BiologyFaculty of ScienceChiba UniversityChibaJapan
| | - Yuma Takahashi
- Department of BiologyFaculty of ScienceChiba UniversityChibaJapan
| | - Masashi Murakami
- Department of BiologyFaculty of ScienceChiba UniversityChibaJapan
| | - Tadashi Kajita
- Iriomote StationTropical Biosphere Research CenterUniversity of the RyukyusYaeyamaJapan
- United Graduate School of Agricultural ScienceKagoshima UniversityKagoshimaJapan
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Briere LC, Walker MA, High FA, Cooper C, Rogers CA, Callahan CJ, Ishimura R, Ichimura Y, Caruso PA, Sharma N, Brokamp E, Koziura ME, Mohammad SS, Dale RC, Riley LG, Phillips JA, Komatsu M, Sweetser DA. A description of novel variants and review of phenotypic spectrum in UBA5-related early epileptic encephalopathy. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2021; 7:a005827. [PMID: 33811063 PMCID: PMC8208045 DOI: 10.1101/mcs.a005827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Early infantile epileptic encephalopathy-44 (EIEE44, MIM: 617132) is a previously described condition resulting from biallelic variants in UBA5, a gene involved in a ubiquitin-like post-translational modification system called UFMylation. Here we report five children from four families with biallelic pathogenic variants in UBA5 All five children presented with global developmental delay, epilepsy, axial hypotonia, appendicular hypertonia, and a movement disorder, including dystonia in four. Affected individuals in all four families have compound heterozygous pathogenic variants in UBA5 All have the recurrent mild c.1111G > A (p.Ala371Thr) variant in trans with a second UBA5 variant. One patient has the previously described c.562C > T (p. Arg188*) variant, two other unrelated patients have a novel missense variant, c.907T > C (p.Cys303Arg), and the two siblings have a novel missense variant, c.761T > C (p.Leu254Pro). Functional analyses demonstrate that both the p.Cys303Arg variant and the p.Leu254Pro variants result in a significant decrease in protein function. We also review the phenotypes and genotypes of all 15 previously reported families with biallelic UBA5 variants, of which two families have presented with distinct phenotypes, and we describe evidence for some limited genotype-phenotype correlation. The overlap of motor and developmental phenotypes noted in our cohort and literature review adds to the increasing understanding of genetic syndromes with movement disorders-epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren C Briere
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Melissa A Walker
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neurogenetics, Child Neurology, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Frances A High
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Cynthia Cooper
- Department of Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Cassandra A Rogers
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Christine J Callahan
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Ryosuke Ishimura
- Department of Biochemistry, Niigata University School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Ichimura
- Department of Biochemistry, Niigata University School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Paul A Caruso
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Nutan Sharma
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Elly Brokamp
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Mary E Koziura
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Shekeeb S Mohammad
- Kids Neuroscience Center & Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Russell C Dale
- Kids Neuroscience Center & Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Lisa G Riley
- Rare Diseases Functional Genomics, Kids Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead and Children's Medical Research Institute, Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia
- Discipline of Child & Adolescent Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - John A Phillips
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Masaaki Komatsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Niigata University School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
- Department of Physiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - David A Sweetser
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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Han G, Takahashi H, Murao N, Gheni G, Yokoi N, Hamamoto Y, Asahara S, Seino Y, Kido Y, Seino S. Glutamate is an essential mediator in glutamine-amplified insulin secretion. J Diabetes Investig 2021; 12:920-930. [PMID: 33417747 PMCID: PMC8169365 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION Glutamine is the most abundant amino acid in the circulation. In this study, we investigated cell signaling in the amplification of insulin secretion by glutamine. MATERIALS AND METHODS Clonal pancreatic β-cells MIN6-K8, wild-type B6 mouse islets, glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) knockout clonal β-cells (Glud1KOβCL), and glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase 1 (GOT1) knockout clonal β-cells (Got1KOβCL) were studied. Insulin secretion from these cells and islets was examined under various conditions, and intracellular glutamine metabolism was assessed by metabolic flux analysis. Intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+ ]i ) was also measured. RESULTS Glutamine dose-dependently amplified insulin secretion in the presence of high glucose in both MIN6-K8 cells and Glud1KOβCL. Inhibition of glutaminases, the enzymes that convert glutamine to glutamate, dramatically reduced the glutamine-amplifying effect on insulin secretion. A substantial amount of glutamate was produced from glutamine through direct conversion by glutaminases. Glutamine also increased [Ca2+ ]i at high glucose, which was abolished by inhibition of glutaminases. Glutamic acid dimethylester (dm-Glu), a membrane permeable glutamate precursor that is converted to glutamate in cells, increased [Ca2+ ]i as well as induced insulin secretion at high glucose. These effects of glutamine and dm-Glu were dependent on calcium influx. Glutamine also induced insulin secretion in clonal β-cells MIN6-m14, which otherwise exhibit no insulin secretory response to glucose. CONCLUSIONS Glutamate converted from glutamine is an essential mediator that enhances calcium signaling in the glutamine-amplifying effect on insulin secretion. Our data also suggest that glutamine exerts a permissive effect on glucose-induced insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guirong Han
- Division of Metabolism and DiseaseDepartment of BiophysicsKobe University Graduate School of Health SciencesKobeJapan
- Division of Molecular and Metabolic MedicineDepartment of Physiology and Cell BiologyKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
- Kansai Electric Power Medical Research InstituteKobeJapan
| | - Harumi Takahashi
- Division of Molecular and Metabolic MedicineDepartment of Physiology and Cell BiologyKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
| | - Naoya Murao
- Division of Molecular and Metabolic MedicineDepartment of Physiology and Cell BiologyKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
| | - Ghupurjan Gheni
- Division of Molecular and Metabolic MedicineDepartment of Physiology and Cell BiologyKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
| | - Norihide Yokoi
- Division of Molecular and Metabolic MedicineDepartment of Physiology and Cell BiologyKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and GeneticsGraduate School of AgricultureKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | | | - Shun‐ichiro Asahara
- Division of Diabetes and EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal MedicineKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
| | - Yutaka Seino
- Kansai Electric Power Medical Research InstituteKobeJapan
| | - Yoshiaki Kido
- Division of Metabolism and DiseaseDepartment of BiophysicsKobe University Graduate School of Health SciencesKobeJapan
- Division of Diabetes and EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal MedicineKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
| | - Susumu Seino
- Division of Molecular and Metabolic MedicineDepartment of Physiology and Cell BiologyKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
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Haraguchi R, Ashihara T, Matsuyama T, Yoshimoto J. High accessory pathway conductivity blocks antegrade conduction in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome: A simulation study. J Arrhythm 2021; 37:683-689. [PMID: 34141022 PMCID: PMC8207359 DOI: 10.1002/joa3.12528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome is characterized by an anomalous accessory pathway (AP) that connects the atrium and ventricles, which can cause abnormal myocardial excitation and cardiac arrhythmias. The morphological and electrophysiological details of the AP remain unclear. The size and conductivity of the AP may affect conduction and WPW syndrome symptoms. METHODS To clarify this issue, we performed computer simulations of antegrade AP conduction using a simplified wall model. We focused on the bundle size of the AP and myocardial electrical conductivity during antegrade conduction (from the atrium to the ventricle). RESULTS We found that a thick AP and high ventricular conductivity promoted antegrade conduction, whereas a thin AP is unable to deliver the transmembrane current required for electric conduction. High ventricular conductivity amplifies transmembrane current. These findings suggest the involvement of a source-sink mechanism. Furthermore, we found that high AP conductivity blocked antegrade conduction. As AP conductivity increased, sustained outward transmembrane currents were observed. This finding suggests the involvement of an electrotonic effect. CONCLUSIONS The findings of our theoretical simulation suggest that AP size, ventricular conductivity, and AP conductivity affect antegrade conduction through different mechanisms. Our findings provide new insights into the morphological and electrophysiological details of the AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Haraguchi
- Graduate School of Applied InformaticsUniversity of HyogoKobeJapan
| | - Takashi Ashihara
- Center for Information Technology and ManagementShiga University of Medical ScienceOtsuJapan
| | - Taka‐aki Matsuyama
- Department of Legal MedicineSchool of MedicineShowa UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Jun Yoshimoto
- Department of Pediatric CardiologyShizuoka Children's HospitalShizuokaJapan
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Abstract
Hydrogen bond donor solvents such as aromatic solvents inhibit the secondary degradation of cellulose-derived primary pyrolysis products. In a previous study, we found that the formation of solid carbonized products was completely inhibited during cellulose pyrolysis in aromatic solvents, with 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) recovered in certain yields instead. This indicated that 5-HMF is an intermediate in cellulose carbonization. To confirm this hypothesis, the thermal reactivity of 5-HMF was investigated. At 280 °C, pure 5-HMF polymerized into a hard glassy substance through OH group elimination, but further conversion was slow. When pyrolyzed in the presence of glycerol, a model of coexisting primary pyrolysis products from cellulose, a coupling reaction proceeded. Reactions characteristic of cellulose carbonization then occurred, including the formation of acidic groups and benzene-type structures in the solid products. These results confirmed the above hypothesis. The molecular mechanism of cellulose carbonization is discussed, focusing on the crystalline nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nomura
- Graduate school of Energy ScienceKyoto University Yoshida-honmachi Sakyo-kuKyoto606-8501Japan
| | - Eiji Minami
- Graduate school of Energy ScienceKyoto University Yoshida-honmachi Sakyo-kuKyoto606-8501Japan
| | - Haruo Kawamoto
- Graduate school of Energy ScienceKyoto University Yoshida-honmachi Sakyo-kuKyoto606-8501Japan
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Hiraide H, Tobimatsu Y, Yoshinaga A, Lam PY, Kobayashi M, Matsushita Y, Fukushima K, Takabe K. Localised laccase activity modulates distribution of lignin polymers in gymnosperm compression wood. New Phytol 2021; 230:2186-2199. [PMID: 33570753 PMCID: PMC8252379 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The woody stems of coniferous gymnosperms produce specialised compression wood to adjust the stem growth orientation in response to gravitropic stimulation. During this process, tracheids develop a compression-wood-specific S2 L cell wall layer with lignins highly enriched with p-hydroxyphenyl (H)-type units derived from H-type monolignol, whereas lignins produced in the cell walls of normal wood tracheids are exclusively composed of guaiacyl (G)-type units from G-type monolignol with a trace amount of H-type units. We show that laccases, a class of lignin polymerisation enzymes, play a crucial role in the spatially organised polymerisation of H-type and G-type monolignols during compression wood formation in Japanese cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa). We performed a series of chemical-probe-aided imaging analysis on C. obtusa compression wood cell walls, together with gene expression, protein localisation and enzymatic assays of C. obtusa laccases. Our data indicated that CoLac1 and CoLac3 with differential oxidation activities towards H-type and G-type monolignols were precisely localised to distinct cell wall layers in which H-type and G-type lignin units were preferentially produced during the development of compression wood tracheids. We propose that, not only the spatial localisation of laccases, but also their biochemical characteristics dictate the spatial patterning of lignin polymerisation in gymnosperm compression wood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideto Hiraide
- Graduate School of AgricultureKyoto UniversityKitashirakawa‐oiwakechoKyoto606‐8502Japan
- Research Institute for Sustainable HumanosphereKyoto UniversityGokasho, Uji611‐0011Japan
| | - Yuki Tobimatsu
- Research Institute for Sustainable HumanosphereKyoto UniversityGokasho, Uji611‐0011Japan
| | - Arata Yoshinaga
- Graduate School of AgricultureKyoto UniversityKitashirakawa‐oiwakechoKyoto606‐8502Japan
| | - Pui Ying Lam
- Research Institute for Sustainable HumanosphereKyoto UniversityGokasho, Uji611‐0011Japan
| | - Masaru Kobayashi
- Graduate School of AgricultureKyoto UniversityKitashirakawa‐oiwakechoKyoto606‐8502Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Matsushita
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural SciencesNagoya UniversityFuro‐choNagoya464‐8601Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Fukushima
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural SciencesNagoya UniversityFuro‐choNagoya464‐8601Japan
| | - Keiji Takabe
- Graduate School of AgricultureKyoto UniversityKitashirakawa‐oiwakechoKyoto606‐8502Japan
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Matsuura N, Tanaka K, Yamasaki M, Yamashita K, Saito T, Makino T, Yamamoto K, Takahashi T, Kurokawa Y, Nakajima K, Eguchi H, Nakagawa H, Doki Y. NOTCH3 limits the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and predicts a favorable clinical outcome in esophageal cancer. Cancer Med 2021; 10:3986-3996. [PMID: 34042293 PMCID: PMC8209574 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the deadliest of all human squamous cell carcinomas and is characterized by chemotherapy resistance and poor prognosis associated with the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). A subset of ESCC displays loss-of-function mutations in genes encoding Notch receptor family members, including NOTCH3. Although Notch signaling regulates EMT in ESCC cells, the role of NOTCH3 in EMT and chemotherapy resistance remains elusive. This study aimed to examine the role of NOTCH3 in EMT and chemotherapy resistance, and determine whether NOTCH3 expression can be used to predict the response to chemotherapy. METHODS In vitro and in vivo assays were conducted to clarify the contribution of NOTCH3 to chemotherapy resistance. Using specimens from 120 ESCC patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, we compared the expression levels of NOTCH3 and genes involved in EMT according to the degree of chemotherapy sensitivity. RESULTS In ESCC cells, chemotherapy resistance was associated with NOTCH3 downregulation and concurrent activation of EMT. RNA interference to silence NOTCH3 resulted in induction of the EMT marker Vimentin (VIM), leading to chemotherapy resistance in ESCC cells. Conversely, ectopic expression of the activated form of NOTCH3 suppressed EMT and sensitized cells to chemotherapy. Results of chromatin immunoprecipitation assays suggested that NOTCH3 may repress transcription of the VIM. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that NOTCH3 may control chemotherapy sensitivity by regulating EMT. NOTCH3 may serve as a novel biomarker to predict better clinical outcomes in ESCC patients.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Animals
- Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/physiology
- Down-Regulation
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition/drug effects
- Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition/genetics
- Esophageal Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Esophageal Neoplasms/genetics
- Esophageal Neoplasms/surgery
- Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma/drug therapy
- Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma/genetics
- Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma/surgery
- Esophagectomy
- Female
- Fluorouracil/pharmacology
- Gene Silencing
- Humans
- Loss of Function Mutation
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Middle Aged
- Receptor, Notch3/drug effects
- Receptor, Notch3/genetics
- Receptor, Notch3/metabolism
- Vimentin/metabolism
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihiro Matsuura
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryGraduate School of MedicineOsaka UniversitySuitaOsakaJapan
| | - Koji Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryGraduate School of MedicineOsaka UniversitySuitaOsakaJapan
| | - Makoto Yamasaki
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryGraduate School of MedicineOsaka UniversitySuitaOsakaJapan
| | - Kotaro Yamashita
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryGraduate School of MedicineOsaka UniversitySuitaOsakaJapan
| | - Takuro Saito
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryGraduate School of MedicineOsaka UniversitySuitaOsakaJapan
| | - Tomoki Makino
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryGraduate School of MedicineOsaka UniversitySuitaOsakaJapan
| | - Kazuyoshi Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryGraduate School of MedicineOsaka UniversitySuitaOsakaJapan
| | - Tsuyoshi Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryGraduate School of MedicineOsaka UniversitySuitaOsakaJapan
| | - Yukinori Kurokawa
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryGraduate School of MedicineOsaka UniversitySuitaOsakaJapan
| | - Kiyokazu Nakajima
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryGraduate School of MedicineOsaka UniversitySuitaOsakaJapan
| | - Hidetoshi Eguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryGraduate School of MedicineOsaka UniversitySuitaOsakaJapan
| | - Hiroshi Nakagawa
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer CenterColumbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryGraduate School of MedicineOsaka UniversitySuitaOsakaJapan
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40
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Aoki D, Sakamoto H, Kitazawa M, Kryukov AP, Takagi M. Migration-tracking integrated phylogeography supports long-distance dispersal-driven divergence for a migratory bird species in the Japanese archipelago. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:6066-6079. [PMID: 34141203 PMCID: PMC8207368 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-distance dispersal (LDD) outside a species' breeding range contributes to genetic divergence. Previous phylogeographic studies of migratory bird species have not discriminated LDD from vicariant speciation in their diversification process. We conducted an integrative phylogeographic approach to test the LDD hypothesis, which predicts that a Japanese migratory bird subspecies diverged from a population in the coastal region of the East China Sea (CRECS) via LDD over the East China Sea (ECS). Haplotype networks of both mitochondrial and nuclear genes of its three subspecies were reconstructed to examine whether the Japanese subspecies of the Brown Shrike (Lanius cristatus superciliosus) diverged from an ancestral CRECS population. A species distribution model (SDM) for the Japanese subspecies was constructed using bioclimatic variables under the maximum entropy algorithm. It was projected backwards to the climate of the last glacial maximum (LGM) to infer the candidate source area of colonization. A migratory route of L. c. superciliosus, which possibly reflects a candidate past colonization route, was tracked by light-level geolocators. Molecular phylogenetic networks suggest that the Japanese subspecies diverged from a population in the CRECS and maintained anciently diverged haplotypes. The SDM inferred that the emerged continental shelf of the ECS and the present CRECS were suitable breeding areas for the Japanese subspecies during the LGM. A major migratory route for L. c. superciliosus was inferred between the CRECS and the Japanese archipelago across the ECS. Our integrative approach supported the LDD hypothesis for divergence of the Japanese subspecies of the Brown Shrike. Shrinkage of the ECS may have been responsible for successful population establishment, due to a sufficient number of migrants overshooting to the Japanese archipelago from the CRECS. Our framework provides a new phylogeographic scenario for this region. Discriminating LDD and vicariance models helps improve our understanding of the phylogeographic histories of migratory species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Aoki
- Department of Natural History SciencesGraduate School of ScienceHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Haruna Sakamoto
- Department of Natural History SciencesGraduate School of ScienceHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Munehiro Kitazawa
- Frontiers in Environmental SciencesGraduate School of AgricultureHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Alexey P. Kryukov
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Zoology and GeneticsFederal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial BiodiversityFar Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesVladivostokRussia
| | - Masaoki Takagi
- Department of Natural History SciencesFaculty of ScienceHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
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Latos E, Suzuki T. Mass conservative reaction-diffusion systems describing cell polarity. Math Methods Appl Sci 2021; 44:5974-5988. [PMID: 33888921 PMCID: PMC8048841 DOI: 10.1002/mma.7162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A reaction-diffusion system with mass conservation modeling cell polarity is considered. A range of the parameters is found where the ω-limit set of the solution is spatially homogeneous, containing constant stationary solution as well as possible nontrivial spatially homogeneous orbit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Latos
- Institut für Mathematik und Wissenschaftliches RechnenUniversity of GrazHeinrichstraße 36Graz8010Austria
| | - Takashi Suzuki
- Center for Mathematical Modeling and Data ScienceOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
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42
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Fan X, Wu J, Poulsen KL, Kim A, Wu X, Huang E, Miyata T, Sanz‐Garcia C, Nagy LE. Identification of a MicroRNA-E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Regulatory Network for Hepatocyte Death in Alcohol-Associated Hepatitis. Hepatol Commun 2021; 5:830-845. [PMID: 34027272 PMCID: PMC8122386 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to identify a microRNA (miRNA)-E3 ubiquitin ligase regulatory network for protein substrates enriched in cell death pathways and investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms in alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH). An miRNA-E3 ubiquitin ligase regulatory network for protein substrates enriched in cell death pathways was constructed using integrated bioinformatics analysis. Differentially expressed hub miRNAs (GSE59492) and their validated miRNA target genes (GSE28619) were identified in the liver of patients with AH compared with healthy controls. Liver samples from patients with AH and healthy individuals and mice exposed to Gao-binge (acute on chronic) ethanol were used for experimental validation. Using hub miRNAs identified by weighted correlation network analysis, a miRNA-E3 ubiquitin ligase regulatory network was established based on 17 miRNAs and 7 E3 ligase genes targeted by these miRNAs that were down-regulated in AH. Among the miRNAs in this regulatory network, miR-150-5p was the only miRNA regulating the E3 ligase cytokine-inducible SH2 containing protein (CISH), the E3 ligase that regulates the largest number of substrates among all E3 ligase family members. Therefore, the CISH regulatory pathway for ubiquitinated substrates was selected for subsequent experimental validation. Consistent with the bioinformatics analysis results, expression of miR-150-5p was markedly increased, while CISH was decreased, in the livers of patients with AH and mice exposed to Gao-binge ethanol. Moreover, ubiquitination of Fas-associated protein with death domain, a predicted CISH substrate involved in the regulation of programmed cell death, was reduced in livers from mice after Gao-binge ethanol. Conclusion: Identification of the miRNA-E3 ubiquitin ligase regulatory network for protein substrates enriched in the cell death pathways provides insights into the molecular mechanisms contributing to hepatocyte death in AH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiude Fan
- Department of Inflammation and ImmunityCleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA
- Department of Infectious DiseasesFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina
| | - Jianguo Wu
- Department of Inflammation and ImmunityCleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA
| | - Kyle L. Poulsen
- Department of Inflammation and ImmunityCleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA
| | - Adam Kim
- Department of Inflammation and ImmunityCleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA
| | - Xiaoqin Wu
- Department of Inflammation and ImmunityCleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA
| | - Emily Huang
- Department of Inflammation and ImmunityCleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA
| | - Tatsunori Miyata
- Department of Inflammation and ImmunityCleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA
| | | | - Laura E. Nagy
- Department of Inflammation and ImmunityCleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyCleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA
- Department of Molecular MedicineCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA
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43
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Yamauchi A, Ito K, Shibasaki S. Colonization process determines species diversity via competitive quasi-exclusion. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:4470-4480. [PMID: 33976823 PMCID: PMC8093681 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A colonization model provides a useful basis to investigate a role of interspecific competition in species diversity. The model formulates colonization processes of propagules competing for spatially distinct habitats, which is known to result in stable coexistence of multiple species under various trade-off, for example, competition-colonization and fecundity-mortality trade-offs. Based on this model, we propose a new theory to explain patterns of species abundance, assuming a trade-off between competitive ability and fecundity among species. This model makes testable predictions about species positions in the rank abundance diagram under a discrete species competitiveness. The predictions were tested by three data of animal communities, which supported our model, suggesting the importance of interspecific competition in community structure. Our approach provides a new insight into understanding a mechanism of species diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Koichi Ito
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Shota Shibasaki
- Department of Fundamental MicrobiologyUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
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44
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Toshima T, Yoshizumi T, Shimagaki T, Wang H, Kurihara T, Nagao Y, Itoh S, Harada N, Mori M. Which is better to use "body weight" or "standard liver weight", for predicting small-for-size graft syndrome after living donor liver transplantation? Ann Gastroenterol Surg 2021; 5:363-372. [PMID: 34095727 PMCID: PMC8164458 DOI: 10.1002/ags3.12412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Little evidence about whether to apply graft-to-recipient body weight ratio (GRWR) or graft weight to standard liver weight (GW/SLW) for graft selection has been published. The aim of the present study was to clarify the importance of the correct use of GRWR and GW/SLW for selecting graft according to the recipients' physique in living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). METHODS Data were collected for 694 recipients who underwent LDLT between 1997 and 2020. RESULTS One of the marginal grafts meeting GW/SLW ≥ 35% but GRWR < 0.7% has been used in more recipients with men and higher body mass index (BMI), and the other meeting GRWR ≥ 0.7% but GW/SLW < 35% has been used in more recipients with women with lower BMI. In the cohort of BMI > 30 kg/m2, the recipients with GRWR < 0.7% had a significantly higher incidence of small-for-size graft syndrome (SFSS) compared to those with GRWR ≥ 0.7% (P = 0.008, 46.2% vs 5.9%), and using the cutoff of GW/SLW < 35% could not differentiate. In contrast, in the cohort of BMI ≤ 30 kg/m2, the recipients with GW/SLW < 35% also had a significantly higher incidence of SFSS (P = 0.013, 16.9% vs 9.4%). Multivariate analysis showed that GRWR < 0.7% [odds ratio (OR) 14.145, P = 0.048] was the independent risk factor for SFSS in obese recipients, and GW/SLW < 35% [OR 2.685, P = 0.002] was the independent risk factor in non-obese recipients. CONCLUSION Proper use of the formulas for calculating GRWR and GW/SLW in choosing graft according to recipient BMI is important, not only to meet metabolic demand for avoiding SFSS but also to ameliorate donor shortages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeo Toshima
- Department of Surgery and ScienceGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Tomoharu Yoshizumi
- Department of Surgery and ScienceGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Tomonari Shimagaki
- Department of Surgery and ScienceGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Huanlin Wang
- Department of Surgery and ScienceGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Takeshi Kurihara
- Department of Surgery and ScienceGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Yoshihiro Nagao
- Department of Surgery and ScienceGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Shinji Itoh
- Department of Surgery and ScienceGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Noboru Harada
- Department of Surgery and ScienceGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Department of Surgery and ScienceGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
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Liu H, Takagaki Y, Kumagai A, Kanasaki K, Koya D. The PKM2 activator TEPP-46 suppresses kidney fibrosis via inhibition of the EMT program and aberrant glycolysis associated with suppression of HIF-1α accumulation. J Diabetes Investig 2021; 12:697-709. [PMID: 33314682 PMCID: PMC8089020 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION Tubulointerstitial fibrosis is a hallmark of diabetic nephropathy and is associated with an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) program and aberrant glycolysis. Dimeric pyruvate kinase (PK) M2 (PKM2) acts as a key protein kinase in aberrant glycolysis by promoting the accumulation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, while tetrameric PKM2 functions as a pyruvate kinase in oxidative phosphorylation. The aim of the research is to study the effect of PKM2 tetramer activation on preventing kidney fibrosis via suppression of aberrant glycolysis and the EMT program. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vivo: Streptozotocin (STZ) was utilized to induce diabetes in 8-week-old CD-1 mice; 4 weeks after diabetes induction, proteinuria-induced kidney fibrosis was developed by intraperitoneal injection of bovine serum albumin (BSA: 0.3 g/30 g BW) for 14 days; The PKM2 activator TEPP-46 was also administered orally simultaneously. In vitro: HK2 cells were co-treated with high-glucose media or/and TGF-β1 and TEPP46 for 48 h, cellular protein was extracted for evaluation. RESULTS Diabetic mice developed kidney fibrosis associated with aberrant glycolysis and EMT; BSA injection accelerated kidney fibrosis in both the control and diabetic mice; TEPP-46 rescued the kidney fibrosis. In HK2 cells, TEPP-46 suppressed the EMT program induced by TGF-β1 and/or high-glucose incubation. TEPP-46-induced PKM2 tetramer formation and PK activity resulted in suppression of HIF-1α and lactate accumulation. Specific siRNA-mediated knockdown of HIF-1α expression diminished high glucose-induced mesenchymal protein levels. CONCLUSION PKM2 activation could restore the tubular phenotype via suppression of the EMT program and aberrant glycolysis, providing an alternative target to mitigate fibrosis in diabetic kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijie Liu
- Department of Diabetology and EndocrinologyKanazawa Medical UniversityUchinadaIshikawaJapan
| | - Yuta Takagaki
- Department of Diabetology and EndocrinologyKanazawa Medical UniversityUchinadaIshikawaJapan
| | - Asako Kumagai
- Department of Diabetology and EndocrinologyKanazawa Medical UniversityUchinadaIshikawaJapan
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyJuntendo Medical UniversityBunkyoTokyoJapan
| | - Keizo Kanasaki
- Department of Diabetology and EndocrinologyKanazawa Medical UniversityUchinadaIshikawaJapan
- Division of Anticipatory Molecular Food Science and TechnologyMedical Research InstituteKanazawa Medical UniversityUchinadaIshikawaJapan
- Department of Internal Medicine 1Faculty of MedicineShimane UniversityIzumoJapan
| | - Daisuke Koya
- Department of Diabetology and EndocrinologyKanazawa Medical UniversityUchinadaIshikawaJapan
- Division of Anticipatory Molecular Food Science and TechnologyMedical Research InstituteKanazawa Medical UniversityUchinadaIshikawaJapan
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Tamura Y, Morikawa M, Tanabe R, Miyazono K, Koinuma D. Anti-pyroptotic function of TGF-β is suppressed by a synthetic dsRNA analogue in triple negative breast cancer cells. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:1289-1307. [PMID: 33342034 PMCID: PMC8096786 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of innovative therapeutic modalities would address an unmet clinical need in the treatment of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Activation of retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs) such as melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) and RIG-I in cancer cells is suggested to suppress tumor progression by inducing cell death. Transfection of polyI:C, a conventionally used synthetic double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) analogue that activates RLRs, has been evaluated in clinical trials. However, detailed mechanisms of tumor suppression by RLRs, especially interactions with other signaling pathways, remain elusive. Here, we showed that transfection of polyI:C suppressed transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling in a MDA5- and RIG-I-dependent manner. We found that suppression of TGF-β signaling by polyI:C promoted cancer cell death, which was attenuated by forced expression of constitutively active Smad3. More detailed analysis suggested that cell death by polyI:C transfection exhibited characteristics of pyroptosis, which is distinct from apoptosis. Therapeutic efficacy of polyI:C transfection was also demonstrated using a mouse model. These results indicated that intratumor administration of polyI:C and related dsRNA analogues may be promising treatments for TNBC through inhibition of the anti-pyroptotic function of TGF-β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Tamura
- Department of Molecular PathologyGraduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoJapan
| | - Masato Morikawa
- Department of Molecular PathologyGraduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoJapan
| | - Ryo Tanabe
- Department of Molecular PathologyGraduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoJapan
| | - Kohei Miyazono
- Department of Molecular PathologyGraduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoJapan
| | - Daizo Koinuma
- Department of Molecular PathologyGraduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoJapan
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Yoshino Y, Fang Z, Qi H, Kobayashi A, Chiba N. Dysregulation of the centrosome induced by BRCA1 deficiency contributes to tissue-specific carcinogenesis. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:1679-1687. [PMID: 33606355 PMCID: PMC8088922 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in breast cancer gene 1 (BRCA1), a tumor suppressor gene, increase the risk of breast and ovarian cancers. BRCA1 forms a heterodimer with BRCA1-associated RING domain protein 1 (BARD1) and functions in multiple cellular processes, including DNA repair and centrosome regulation. BRCA1 acts as a tumor suppressor by promoting homologous recombination (HR) repair, and alterations in BRCA1 cause HR deficiency, not only in breast and ovarian tissues but also in other tissues. The molecular mechanisms underlying BRCA1 alteration-induced carcinogenesis remain unclear. Centrosomes are the major microtubule-organizing centers and function in bipolar spindle formation. The regulation of centrosome number is critical for chromosome segregation in mitosis, which maintains genomic stability. BRCA1/BARD1 function in centrosome regulation together with Obg-like ATPase (OLA1) and receptor for activating protein C kinase 1 (RACK1). Cancer-derived variants of BRCA1, BARD1, OLA1, and RACK1 do not interact, and aberrant expression of these proteins results in abnormal centrosome duplication in mammary-derived cells, and rarely in other cell types. RACK1 is involved in centriole duplication in the S phase by promoting polo-like kinase 1 activation by Aurora A, which is critical for centrosome duplication. Centriole number is higher in cells derived from mammary tissues compared with in those derived from other tissues, suggesting that tissue-specific centrosome characterization may shed light on the tissue specificity of BRCA1-associated carcinogenesis. Here, we explored the role of the BRCA1-containing complex in centrosome regulation and the effect of its deficiency on tissue-specific carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Yoshino
- Department of Cancer BiologyInstitute of Aging, Development, and CancerTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
- Laboratory of Cancer BiologyGraduate School of Life SciencesTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
- Department of Cancer BiologyTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Zhenzhou Fang
- Department of Cancer BiologyInstitute of Aging, Development, and CancerTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
- Department of Cancer BiologyTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Huicheng Qi
- Department of Cancer BiologyInstitute of Aging, Development, and CancerTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
- Department of Cancer BiologyTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Akihiro Kobayashi
- Department of Cancer BiologyInstitute of Aging, Development, and CancerTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
- Department of Cancer BiologyTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Natsuko Chiba
- Department of Cancer BiologyInstitute of Aging, Development, and CancerTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
- Laboratory of Cancer BiologyGraduate School of Life SciencesTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
- Department of Cancer BiologyTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
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Lee S, Nagata F, Kato K, Kasuga T, Nakano T. Development of orthophosphosilicate glass/poly(lactic acid) composite anisotropic scaffolds for simultaneous reconstruction of bone quality and quantity. J Biomed Mater Res A 2021; 109:788-803. [PMID: 32720351 PMCID: PMC7984230 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Reconstruction of organ-specific architecture is necessary to recover the original organ function. The anisotropic structure of bone tissue is strongly related to the collagen fibril alignment and bone apatite crystal direction. Bone regeneration indicates following two main process; first, restoration of bone mineral density (BMD; bone quantity), and second, restoring bone apatite c-axis orientation (bone quality). In addition to BMD, bone quality is the most important factor among bone mechanical properties. Recovery of the original bone function requires development of novel scaffolds with simultaneous reconstruction of bone quality and quantity. Herein, novel orthophosphosilicate glass (PSG)/poly(lactic acid) composite anisotropic scaffolds were developed to control cell alignment and enhance bone formation, which are important for the simultaneous reconstruction of bone quality and quantity. The strategy to control cell alignment and bone formation involved designing anisotropic scaffolds in combination with the release of therapeutic ions by PSGs. The morphology of fibrous scaffolds containing PSGs was quantitatively designed using electrospinning. This successfully modulated cell alignment and subsequent bone apatite c-axis orientation along the fiber-oriented direction. The released silicate and Mg2+ ions from PSGs in scaffolds improved cell adhesion, proliferation, and calcification. To best of our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating that the anisotropic scaffolds containing bioactive glasses regenerate bone tissues with simultaneous reconstruction of bone quality and quantity via stimulating osteoblasts by inorganic ions and designing morphology of scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungho Lee
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)NagoyaJapan
- Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of EngineeringOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Fukue Nagata
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)NagoyaJapan
| | - Katsuya Kato
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)NagoyaJapan
| | - Toshihiro Kasuga
- Division of Advanced Ceramics, Graduate School of EngineeringNagoya Institute of TechnologyNagoyaJapan
| | - Takayoshi Nakano
- Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of EngineeringOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
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Tomiyama E, Matsuzaki K, Fujita K, Shiromizu T, Narumi R, Jingushi K, Koh Y, Matsushita M, Nakano K, Hayashi Y, Wang C, Ishizuya Y, Kato T, Hatano K, Kawashima A, Ujike T, Uemura M, Takao T, Adachi J, Tomonaga T, Nonomura N. Proteomic analysis of urinary and tissue-exudative extracellular vesicles to discover novel bladder cancer biomarkers. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:2033-2045. [PMID: 33721374 PMCID: PMC8088963 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteomic analysis of urinary extracellular vesicles (EVs) is a powerful approach to discover potential bladder cancer (BCa) biomarkers, however urine contains numerous EVs derived from the kidney and normal urothelial epithelium, which can obfuscate information related to BCa cell-derived EVs. In this study, we combined proteomic analysis of urinary EVs and tissue-exudative EVs (Te-EVs), which were isolated from culture medium of freshly resected viable BCa tissues. Urinary EVs were isolated from urine samples of 11 individuals (7 BCa patients and 4 healthy individuals), and Te-EVs were isolated from 7 BCa tissues. We performed tandem mass tag (TMT)-labeling liquid chromatography (LC-MS/MS) analysis for both urinary EVs and Te-EVs and identified 1960 proteins in urinary EVs and 1538 proteins in Te-EVs. Most of the proteins identified in Te-EVs were also present in urinary EVs (82.4%), with 55 of these proteins showing upregulated levels in the urine of BCa patients (fold change > 2.0; P < .1). Among them, we selected 22 membrane proteins as BCa biomarker candidates for validation using selected reaction monitoring/multiple reaction monitoring (SRM/MRM) analysis on urine samples from 70 individuals (40 BCa patients and 30 healthy individuals). Six urinary EV proteins (heat-shock protein 90, syndecan-1, myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS), MARCKS-related protein, tight junction protein ZO-2, and complement decay-accelerating factor) were quantified using SRM/MRM analysis and validated as significantly upregulated in BCa patients (P < .05). In conclusion, the novel strategy that combined proteomic analysis of urinary EVs and Te-EVs enabled selective detection of urinary BCa biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eisuke Tomiyama
- Department of UrologyOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuitaJapan
| | - Kyosuke Matsuzaki
- Department of UrologyOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuitaJapan
| | - Kazutoshi Fujita
- Department of UrologyOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuitaJapan
- Department of UrologyKindai University Faculty of MedicineSayamaJapan
| | - Takashi Shiromizu
- Laboratory of Proteome ResearchNational Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and NutritionIbarakiJapan
| | - Ryohei Narumi
- Laboratory of Proteome ResearchNational Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and NutritionIbarakiJapan
| | - Kentaro Jingushi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular PhysiologyOsaka University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesSuitaJapan
| | - Yoko Koh
- Department of UrologyOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuitaJapan
| | - Makoto Matsushita
- Department of UrologyOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuitaJapan
| | - Kosuke Nakano
- Department of UrologyOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuitaJapan
| | - Yujiro Hayashi
- Department of UrologyOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuitaJapan
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of UrologyOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuitaJapan
| | - Yu Ishizuya
- Department of UrologyOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuitaJapan
| | - Taigo Kato
- Department of UrologyOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuitaJapan
- Department of Urological Immuno‐oncologyOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuitaJapan
| | - Koji Hatano
- Department of UrologyOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuitaJapan
| | - Atsunari Kawashima
- Department of UrologyOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuitaJapan
| | - Takeshi Ujike
- Department of UrologyOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuitaJapan
| | - Motohide Uemura
- Department of UrologyOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuitaJapan
- Department of Urological Immuno‐oncologyOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuitaJapan
| | - Tetsuya Takao
- Department of UrologyOsaka General Medical CenterOsakaJapan
| | - Jun Adachi
- Laboratory of Proteome ResearchNational Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and NutritionIbarakiJapan
| | - Takeshi Tomonaga
- Laboratory of Proteome ResearchNational Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and NutritionIbarakiJapan
| | - Norio Nonomura
- Department of UrologyOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuitaJapan
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Takenaka M, Shibata S, Ito T, Shimura N, Tojo K. Phylogeography of the northernmost distributed Anisocentropus caddisflies and their comparative genetic structures based on habitat preferences. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:4957-4971. [PMID: 33976862 PMCID: PMC8093727 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of the factors that determine the distribution ranges of organisms is necessary to understand their evolutionary and ecological significance and contribution to biodiversity. A very effective mean of studying such factors is to compare the distribution characteristics and genetic structures of closely related species with differing habitat preferences. Freshwater aquatic insects are relatively easy to observe and the basis of their corresponding niche differentiation easier to identify. Freshwater habitats are categorized lotic or lentic water according to flow regime. In Japanese Islands, the genus Anisocentropus of the calamoceratid caddisfly, the target group in this study, was morphologically reconfirmed that three species, that is, Anisocentropus kawamurai, A. pallidus, and A. magnificus. Among these, A. kawamurai prefers lotic environments and A. pallidus is adapted to lentic water habitats. The distribution range of these sister species overlaps within the Japanese Islands. We estimated the phylogeny and the evolutionary history of Anisocentropus caddisflies worldwide. We estimated divergence periods by two methods, a single locus with various specimens and multiple loci with reduced numbers of the specimens. As a result, we elucidated the phylogenetic position of Japanese species within the cosmopolitan genus Anisocentropus, and also revealed their dual origin. In addition, we demonstrated that the contrasting genetic structures between the sister species distributed in widely overlapping areas were due to differentiation in their respective adapted environmental preferences. Although, in general, it is known that species adapted to lentic water have greater dispersal potential and so are associated with wider distribution areas by means of examining their comparative genetic structures, we revealed a new pattern of genetic locality existing in the genetic structures of the species adapted to lentic water. We then present evidence that suggests the ecological preferences of a species are an important factor in understanding the evolutionary history of that species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Takenaka
- Division of Mountain and Environmental Science, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and TechnologyShinshu UniversityMatsumotoJapan
- Division of Evolutionary Developmental BiologyNational Institute for Basic BiologyOkazakiJapan
| | - Saki Shibata
- Department of Biology, Faculty of ScienceShinshu UniversityMatsumotoJapan
| | | | | | - Koji Tojo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of ScienceShinshu UniversityMatsumotoJapan
- Institute of Mountain ScienceShinshu UniversityMatsumotoJapan
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