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Win-Shwe TT, Abe N, Sakiyama A, Suzuki M, Sano K, Kawashima T, Tsukahara S. In ovo o,p'-DDT exposure induces malformation of reproductive organs and alters the expression of genes controlling sexual differentiation in Japanese quail embryo. J Appl Toxicol 2024; 44:699-711. [PMID: 38102769 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
In ovo exposure to o,p'-dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (o,p'-DDT) impairs reproduction by inducing malformation of the reproductive organs in birds, although the mechanism remains unclear. Here, we examined the effects of o,p'-DDT on the development of the reproductive organs, the expression of genes controlling sexual differentiation, and the plasma concentrations of testosterone and estradiol in Japanese quail embryos. o,p'-DDT-containing sesame oil was injected into the yolk sac on Embryonic Day (E) 3 at a dose of 500, 2,000, or 8,000 μg per egg. On E15, the reproductive organs were observed; the gonads and Müllerian ducts (MDs) were sampled to measure the mRNA of steroidogenic enzymes, sex steroid receptors, anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), and AMH receptor 2 (AMHR2); blood samples were collected to assay plasma testosterone and estradiol levels; and the gonads were used for histological analysis. o,p'-DDT dose-dependently increased the prevalence of hypertrophic MDs in females and residual MDs in males. In female MDs, o,p'-DDT dose-dependently decreased estrogen receptor (ER) α, ERβ, and AMHR2 mRNA expression. o,p'-DDT dose-dependently induced left-biased asymmetry of testis size, and ovary-like tissue was found in the left testis after exposure to 8,000 μg per egg o,p'-DDT, although asymmetric gene expression did not occur. o,p'-DDT did not affect ovarian tissue but did decrease 17α-hydroxylase/C17-20 lyase mRNA expression and dose-dependently increased ERβ mRNA expression. o,p'-DDT decreased plasma testosterone concentrations in females. These findings suggest that o,p'-DDT induces hypertrophy of the MDs and ovarian tissue formation in the left testis. Abnormal MD development may be linked to altered gene expression for sensing estrogens and AMH signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tin-Tin Win-Shwe
- Health and Environmental Risk Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Natsuko Abe
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Akari Sakiyama
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Maho Suzuki
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Sano
- Health and Environmental Risk Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takaharu Kawashima
- Health and Environmental Risk Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shinji Tsukahara
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
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2
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Kubo T, Yagishita M, Tanigawa T, Konishi-Yamada S, Nakajima D. Enhanced molecular recognition with longer chain crosslinkers in molecularly imprinted polymers for an efficient separation of TR active substances. RSC Adv 2024; 14:12021-12029. [PMID: 38623302 PMCID: PMC11017824 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08854e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Molecular imprinting technology has been widely studied as a technique to obtain molecular recognition by artificial means. Selecting functional monomers or polymerization conditions plays a key role to optimize molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) synthesis. To date, there have been few reports well exploiting the effect of crosslinkers. Here, in this study, we synthesized the MIPs using poly(ethyleneglycol) dimethacrylate with different units of ethylene oxide (n = 1 to 23) as crosslinkers to observe the molecular recognition abilities. The MIPs were attached to the surface of mono-dispersed polymer beads. The obtained spherical MIPs and non-imprinted polymers were filled in a column for high performance liquid chromatography. Then the retention selectivity toward TR active substances was evaluated. The result revealed that the recognition ability did not improve regardless of the amount of ethylene oxide. With the crosslinker (n = 9), extremely high retention selectivity was observed, which provides at most around ten times as large imprinting factors in comparison with other MIPs. Interestingly, we obtained the highest recognition ability at around polymerization temperature from the evaluation of the recognition ability toward temperature shift using the MIP (n = 9). In general, hydrogen bonding based on MIPs provides high recognition ability at low temperature, whereas, this study indicates that the use of flexible crosslinkers may enable the synthesis of MIPs that precisely memorize the conditions of polymerization. Lastly, we simultaneously analyzed the TR active substances using the column filled with MIPs (n = 9). The result showed relatively linear correlation between the retention strength of each substance and phycological activity toward TR obtained by yeast assay. Therefore, we can conclude that an induced fit like the receptor emerged by constructing the flexible molecular recognition field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Kubo
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University 1-5 Shimogamo Hangi-cho, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8522 Japan
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Mayuko Yagishita
- Department of Life and Environmental Science, Prefectural University of Hiroshima Shobara City Hiroshima 727-0023 Japan
| | - Tetsuya Tanigawa
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Sayaka Konishi-Yamada
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Daisuke Nakajima
- Health and Environmental Risk Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES) Tsukuba City Ibaraki 305-8506 Japan
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3
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Qi H, Lim QL, Kinoshita K, Nakajima N, Inoue-Murayama M. A cost-effective blood DNA methylation-based age estimation method in domestic cats, Tsushima leopard cats (Prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus) and Panthera species, using targeted bisulphite sequencing and machine learning models. Mol Ecol Resour 2024; 24:e13928. [PMID: 38234258 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Individual age can be used to design more efficient and suitable management plans in both in situ and ex situ conservation programmes for targeted wildlife species. DNA methylation is a promising marker of epigenetic ageing that can accurately estimate age from small amounts of biological material, which can be collected in a minimally invasive manner. In this study, we sequenced five targeted genetic regions and used 8-23 selected CpG sites to build age estimation models using machine learning methods at only about $3-7 per sample. Blood samples of seven Felidae species were used, ranging from small to big, and domestic to endangered species: domestic cats (Felis catus, 139 samples), Tsushima leopard cats (Prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus, 84 samples) and five Panthera species (96 samples). The models achieved satisfactory accuracy, with the mean absolute error of the most accurate models recorded at 1.966, 1.348 and 1.552 years in domestic cats, Tsushima leopard cats and Panthera spp. respectively. We developed the models in domestic cats and Tsushima leopard cats, which were applicable to individuals regardless of health conditions; therefore, these models are applicable to samples collected from individuals with diverse characteristics, which is often the case in conservation. We also showed the possibility of developing universal age estimation models for the five Panthera spp. using only two of the five genetic regions. We do not recommend building a common age estimation model for all the target species using our markers, because of the degraded performance of models that included all species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyuan Qi
- Wildlife Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Qi Luan Lim
- Wildlife Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Nobuyoshi Nakajima
- Biodiversity Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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4
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Katayama N, Fujita T, Ueta M, Morelli F, Amano T. Effects of human depopulation and warming climate on bird populations in Japan. Conserv Biol 2024; 38:e14175. [PMID: 37650391 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Quantifying biodiversity trends in economically developed countries, where depopulation, associated secondary succession, and climate warming are ongoing, provides insights for global biodiversity conservation in the 21st century. However, few studies have assessed the impacts of secondary succession and climate warming on species' population trends at a national scale. We estimated the population trends of common breeding bird species in Japan and examined the associations between the overall population trend and species traits with the nationwide bird count data on 47 species collected from 2009 to 2020. The overall population trend varied among species. Four species populations increased moderately, 18 were stable, and 11 declined moderately. Population trends for 13 species were uncertain. The difference in overall trends among the species was associated with their habitat group and temperature niche. Species with relatively low-temperature niches experienced more pronounced declines. Multispecies indicators showed a moderate increase in forest specialists and moderate declines in forest generalists (species that use both forests and open habitats) and open-habitat specialists. Forest generalists and open-habitat specialists also declined more rapidly at sites with more abandoned farmland. All species groups showed an accelerated decline or decelerated increase after 2015. These results suggest that common breeding birds in Japan are facing deteriorating trends as a result of nationwide changes in land use and climate. Future land-use planning and policies should consider the benefits of passive rewilding for forest specialists and active restoration measures (e.g., low-intensive forestry and agriculture) for nonforest specialists to effectively conserve biodiversity in the era of human depopulation and climate warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Katayama
- Division of Agroecosystem Management Research, Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences NARO, Tsukuba-shi, Japan
| | - Taku Fujita
- The Nature Conservation Society of Japan, Chuo-ku, Japan
| | | | - Federico Morelli
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Tatsuya Amano
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Nakatani H, Yamashiro K, Uchiyama T, Motokucho S, Dao ATN, Kim HJ, Yagi M, Kyozuka Y. Effect of Copper Antifouling Paint on Marine Degradation of Polypropylene: Uneven Distribution of Microdebris between Nagasaki Port and Goto Island, Japan. Molecules 2024; 29:1173. [PMID: 38474685 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29051173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Microplastics (MP) encompass not only plastic products but also paint particles. Marine microdebris, including MP, was retrieved from five sampling stations spanning Nagasaki-Goto island and was classified into six types, primarily consisting of MP (A), Si-based (B), and Cu-based (C) paint particles. Type-A particles, i.e., MP, were exceedingly small, with 74% of them having a long diameter of 25 µm or less. The vertical distribution of type C, containing cuprous oxide, exhibited no depth dependence, with its dominant size being less than 7 μm. It was considered that the presence of type C was associated with a natural phenomenon of MP loss. To clarify this, polypropylene (PP) samples containing cuprous oxide were prepared, and their accelerated degradation behavior was studied using a novel enhanced degradation method employing a sulfate ion radical as an initiator. Infrared spectroscopy revealed the formation of a copper soap compound in seawater. Scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis indicated that the chemical reactions between Cl- and cuprous oxide produced Cu+ ions. The acceleration of degradation induced by the copper soap formed was studied through the changes in the number of PP chain scissions, revealing that the presence of type-C accelerated MP degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisayuki Nakatani
- Polymeri Materials Laboratory, Chemistry and Materials Engineering Program, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
- Organization for Marine Science and Technology, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Kaito Yamashiro
- Polymeri Materials Laboratory, Chemistry and Materials Engineering Program, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Taishi Uchiyama
- Polymeri Materials Laboratory, Chemistry and Materials Engineering Program, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Suguru Motokucho
- Polymeri Materials Laboratory, Chemistry and Materials Engineering Program, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
- Organization for Marine Science and Technology, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Anh Thi Ngoc Dao
- Polymeri Materials Laboratory, Chemistry and Materials Engineering Program, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Hee-Jin Kim
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Mitsuharu Yagi
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Yusaku Kyozuka
- Organization for Marine Science and Technology, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
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Xia H, Tonooka H. Extraction of Coastal Levees Using U-Net Model with Visible and Topographic Images Observed by High-Resolution Satellite Sensors. Sensors (Basel) 2024; 24:1444. [PMID: 38474979 DOI: 10.3390/s24051444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Coastal levees play a role in protecting coastal areas from storm surges and high waves, and they provide important input information for inundation damage simulations. However, coastal levee data with uniformity and sufficient accuracy for inundation simulations are not always well developed. Against this background, this study proposed a method to extract coastal levees by inputting high spatial resolution optical satellite image products (RGB images, digital surface models (DSMs), and slope images that can be generated from DSM images), which have high data availability at the locations and times required for simulation, into a deep learning model. The model is based on U-Net, and post-processing for noise removal was introduced to further improve its accuracy. We also proposed a method to calculate levee height using a local maximum filter by giving DSM values to the extracted levee pixels. The validation was conducted in the coastal area of Ibaraki Prefecture in Japan as a test area. The levee mask images for training were manually created by combining these data with satellite images and Google Street View, because the levee GIS data created by the Ibaraki Prefectural Government were incomplete in some parts. First, the deep learning models were compared and evaluated, and it was shown that U-Net was more accurate than Pix2Pix and BBS-Net in identifying levees. Next, three cases of input images were evaluated: (Case 1) RGB image only, (Case 2) RGB and DSM images, and (Case 3) RGB, DSM, and slope images. Case 3 was found to be the most accurate, with an average Matthews correlation coefficient of 0.674. The effectiveness of noise removal post-processing was also demonstrated. In addition, an example of the calculation of levee heights was presented and evaluated for validity. In conclusion, this method was shown to be effective in extracting coastal levees. The evaluation of generalizability and use in actual inundation simulations are future tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xia
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, Hitachi 3168511, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Tonooka
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, Hitachi 3168511, Japan
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Watari T, Yamashita N, Serrenho AC. Net-Zero Embodied Carbon in Buildings with Today's Available Technologies. Environ Sci Technol 2024; 58:1793-1801. [PMID: 38228319 PMCID: PMC10832066 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c04618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Greenhouse gas emissions from building construction─i.e., the embodied carbon in buildings─are a significant and growing contributor to the climate crisis. However, our understanding of how to decarbonize building construction remains limited. This study shows that net-zero embodied carbon in buildings is achievable across Japan by 2050 using currently available technologies: decarbonized electricity supply, low-carbon steel, low-carbon concrete, increased timber structures, optimized design, and enhanced building lifespan. The largest emissions savings would come from increased use of timber structures, with annual savings of up to ∼35% by 2050, even in cases where timber replaces low-carbon steel and concrete. Moreover, we show that an expanded domestic timber supply, coupled with responsible reforestation, could improve forest carbon uptake by up to ∼60% compared to the business-as-usual scenario, without the need to increase forest area. This is achieved through a forest-city carbon cycle that transfers carbon stocks of mature trees to cities as building materials and rejuvenates forests through reforestation. Collectively, our analysis demonstrates that the decarbonization of building construction depends not on future technological innovation, but rather on how we design and use buildings with the options we already have.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Watari
- Material
Cycles Division, National Institute for
Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
- Department
of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, United Kingdom
| | - Naho Yamashita
- Graduate
School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya
University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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Akhmetzhanov AR, Jung SM, Lee H, Linton NM, Yang Y, Yuan B, Nishiura H. Reconstruction and analysis of the transmission network of African swine fever in People's Republic of China, August 2018-September 2019. Epidemiol Infect 2024; 152:e27. [PMID: 38282573 PMCID: PMC10894904 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268824000086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction of African swine fever (ASF) to China in mid-2018 and the subsequent transboundary spread across Asia devastated regional swine production, affecting live pig and pork product-related markets worldwide. To explore the spatiotemporal spread of ASF in China, we reconstructed possible ASF transmission networks using nearest neighbour, exponential function, equal probability, and spatiotemporal case-distribution algorithms. From these networks, we estimated the reproduction numbers, serial intervals, and transmission distances of the outbreak. The mean serial interval between paired units was around 29 days for all algorithms, while the mean transmission distance ranged 332 -456 km. The reproduction numbers for each algorithm peaked during the first two weeks and steadily declined through the end of 2018 before hovering around the epidemic threshold value of 1 with sporadic increases during 2019. These results suggest that 1) swine husbandry practices and production systems that lend themselves to long-range transmission drove ASF spread; 2) outbreaks went undetected by the surveillance system. Efforts by China and other affected countries to control ASF within their jurisdictions may be aided by the reconstructed spatiotemporal model. Continued support for strict implementation of biosecurity standards and improvements to ASF surveillance is essential for halting transmission in China and spread across Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei R Akhmetzhanov
- Global Health Program & Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sung-Mok Jung
- Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hyojung Lee
- Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Natalie M Linton
- Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yichi Yang
- Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Baoyin Yuan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishiura
- School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
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Wang T, Zhu L, Mei L, Kanda H. Extraction and Separation of Natural Products from Microalgae and Other Natural Sources Using Liquefied Dimethyl Ether, a Green Solvent: A Review. Foods 2024; 13:352. [PMID: 38275719 PMCID: PMC10815339 DOI: 10.3390/foods13020352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Microalgae are a sustainable source for the production of biofuels and bioactive compounds. This review discusses significant research on innovative extraction techniques using dimethyl ether (DME) as a green subcritical fluid. DME, which is characterized by its low boiling point and safety as an organic solvent, exhibits remarkable properties that enable high extraction rates of various active compounds, including lipids and bioactive compounds, from high-water-content microalgae without the need for drying. In this review, the superiority of liquefied DME extraction technology for microalgae over conventional methods is discussed in detail. In addition, we elucidate the extraction mechanism of this technology and address its safety for human health and the environment. This review also covers aspects related to extraction equipment, various applications of different extraction processes, and the estimation and trend analysis of the Hansen solubility parameters. In addition, we anticipate a promising trajectory for the expansion of this technology for the extraction of various resources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hideki Kanda
- Department of Chemical Systems Engineering, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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Arai K, Qi H, Inoue-Murayama M. Age estimation of captive Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) based on DNA methylation: An exploratory analysis using methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting (MS-HRM). PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294994. [PMID: 38079426 PMCID: PMC10712859 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Age is an important parameter for bettering the understanding of biodemographic trends-development, survival, reproduction and environmental effects-critical for conservation. However, current age estimation methods are challenging to apply to many species, and no standardised technique has been adopted yet. This study examined the potential use of methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting (MS-HRM), a labour-, time-, and cost-effective method to estimate chronological age from DNA methylation in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). The objective of this study was to investigate the accuracy and validation of MS-HRM use for age determination in long-lived species, such as Asian elephants. The average lifespan of Asian elephants is between 50-70 years but some have been known to survive for more than 80 years. DNA was extracted from 53 blood samples of captive Asian elephants across 11 zoos in Japan, with known ages ranging from a few months to 65 years. Methylation rates of two candidate age-related epigenetic genes, RALYL and TET2, were significantly correlated with chronological age. Finally, we established a linear, unisex age estimation model with a mean absolute error (MAE) of 7.36 years. This exploratory study suggests an avenue to further explore MS-HRM as an alternative method to estimate the chronological age of Asian elephants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Arai
- Wildlife Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Huiyuan Qi
- Wildlife Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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11
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Zhong Q, Schutgens N, van der Werf GR, Takemura T, van Noije T, Mielonen T, Checa-Garcia R, Lohmann U, Kirkevåg A, Olivié DJ, Kokkola H, Matsui H, Kipling Z, Ginoux P, Le Sager P, Rémy S, Bian H, Chin M, Zhang K, Bauer SE, Tsigaridis K. Threefold reduction of modeled uncertainty in direct radiative effects over biomass burning regions by constraining absorbing aerosols. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadi3568. [PMID: 38039365 PMCID: PMC10691779 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi3568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Absorbing aerosols emitted from biomass burning (BB) greatly affect the radiation balance, cloudiness, and circulation over tropical regions. Assessments of these impacts rely heavily on the modeled aerosol absorption from poorly constrained global models and thus exhibit large uncertainties. By combining the AeroCom model ensemble with satellite and in situ observations, we provide constraints on the aerosol absorption optical depth (AAOD) over the Amazon and Africa. Our approach enables identification of error contributions from emission, lifetime, and MAC (mass absorption coefficient) per model, with MAC and emission dominating the AAOD errors over Amazon and Africa, respectively. In addition to primary emissions, our analysis suggests substantial formation of secondary organic aerosols over the Amazon but not over Africa. Furthermore, we find that differences in direct aerosol radiative effects between models decrease by threefold over the BB source and outflow regions after correcting the identified errors. This highlights the potential to greatly reduce the uncertainty in the most uncertain radiative forcing agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qirui Zhong
- Department of Earth Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nick Schutgens
- Department of Earth Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Toshihiko Takemura
- Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Twan van Noije
- Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute, De Bilt, Netherlands
| | | | - Ramiro Checa-Garcia
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, IPSL, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, UK
| | - Ulrike Lohmann
- Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alf Kirkevåg
- Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Hitoshi Matsui
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Zak Kipling
- European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, UK
| | - Paul Ginoux
- NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | | | | | - Huisheng Bian
- Goddard Earth Sciences Technology and Research (GESTAR) II, University of Maryland at Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Mian Chin
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Kai Zhang
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Susanne E. Bauer
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York City, NY, USA
- Center for Climate Systems Research, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Kostas Tsigaridis
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York City, NY, USA
- Center for Climate Systems Research, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA
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12
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Endo S. Intermolecular Interactions, Solute Descriptors, and Partition Properties of Neutral Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS). Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:17534-17541. [PMID: 37909300 PMCID: PMC10653080 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c07503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
The environmental partition properties of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) must be understood for their transport and fate analysis. In this study, isothermal gas chromatographic (GC) retention times of 60 neutral PFAS were measured using four columns with different stationary phase polarities, which indicated varying polar interactions exerted by these substances. The GC data were combined with new octanol/water partition coefficient data from this study and existing partition coefficient data from the literature and used to determine the polyparameter linear free energy relationship (PP-LFER) solute descriptors. A complete set of the solute descriptors was obtained for 47 PFAS, demonstrating the characteristic intermolecular interaction properties, such as hydrogen bonding capabilities influenced by the electron-withdrawing perfluoroalkyl group. The partition coefficients between octanol and water, air and water, and octanol and air predicted by the PP-LFER models agreed with those predicted by the quantum chemically based model COSMOtherm, suggesting that both models are highly accurate for neutral PFAS and can fill the current large data gaps in partition property data. A chemical partitioning space plot was generated by using the PP-LFER-predicted partition coefficients, showing the primary importance of the air phase for the environmental distribution of nonpolar and weakly polar PFAS and the increasing significance of organic phases with increasing PFAS polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Endo
- Health and Environmental
Risk Division, National Institute for Environmental
Studies (NIES), Onogawa 16-2, Tsukuba 305-8506, Ibaraki, Japan
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13
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Kayano T, Nishiura H. Assessing the COVID-19 vaccination program during the Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) epidemic in early 2022, Tokyo. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:748. [PMID: 37907865 PMCID: PMC10619277 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08748-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many countries, including high-income nations, struggled to control epidemic waves caused by the Omicron variant (B.1.1.529), which had an antigenically distinct evolution. Evaluating the direct and indirect effects of vaccination during the Omicron waves is essential to assess virus control policies. The present study assessed the population impacts of a vaccination program during the sixth wave caused by BA.1 and BA.2 from January to May 2022, in Tokyo. METHODS We analyzed the primary series and booster vaccination coverages and the confirmed cases stratified by vaccination history. We estimated the number of COVID-19 cases that were directly and indirectly prevented by vaccination. To estimate the direct impact, we used a statistical model that compared risks between unvaccinated and vaccinated individuals. A transmission model employing the renewal process was devised to quantify the total effect, given as the sum of the direct and indirect effects. RESULTS Assuming that the reporting coverage of cases was 25%, mass vaccination programs, including primary and booster immunizations, directly averted 640,000 COVID-19 cases (95% confidence interval: 624-655). Furthermore, these programs directly and indirectly prevented 8.5 million infections (95% confidence interval: 8.4-8.6). Hypothetical scenarios indicated that we could have expected a 19% or 7% relative reduction in the number of infections, respectively, compared with the observed number of infections, if the booster coverage had been equivalent to that of the second dose or if coverage among people aged 10-49 years had been 10% higher. If the third dose coverage was smaller and comparable to that of the fourth dose, the total number of infections would have increased by 52% compared with the observed number of infections. CONCLUSIONS The population benefit of vaccination via direct and indirect effects was substantial, with an estimated 65% reduction in the number of SARS-CoV-2 infections compared with counterfactual (without vaccination) in Tokyo during the sixth wave caused by BA.1 and BA.2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taishi Kayano
- Kyoto University School of Public Health, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishiura
- Kyoto University School of Public Health, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
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14
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Vishwanathan SS, Hanaoka T, Garg A. Impact of Glasgow Climate Pact and Updated Nationally Determined Contribution on Mercury Mitigation Abiding by the Minamata Convention in India. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:16265-16275. [PMID: 37863474 PMCID: PMC10620984 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c01820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
India is one of the largest emitters of atmospheric anthropogenic mercury (Hg) and the third-largest emitter of greenhouse gases in the world. In the past decade, India has been committed to the Minamata Convention (2017) in addition to the Paris Climate Change Agreement (2015) and the Glasgow Pact (2021). More than 70% to 80% of India's mercury and carbon dioxide emissions occur because of anthropogenic activities from coal usage. This study explores nine policy scenarios, the nationally determined contribution (NDC) scenario, and two deep decarbonization pathways (DDP) with and without mercury control technologies in the energy and carbon-intensive sectors using a bottom-up, techno-economic model, AIM/Enduse India. It is estimated that NDC scenarios reduce mercury emissions by 4%-10% by 2070; while coal intensive (DDP-CCS) pathways and focus on renewables (DDP-R) reduce emissions by 10%-54% and 15%-59%, respectively. Increase in the renewables share (power sector) can result in a significant reduction in the costs of additional pollution-abating technologies in the DDP-R scenario when compared with the coal intensive DDP-CCS scenario. However, the industry sector, especially iron and steel and metal production, will require stringent policies to encourage installation of pollution-abating technologies to mitigate mercury emissions under all the scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saritha Sudharmma Vishwanathan
- Social
System Division, National Institute for
Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
- Kyoto
University, Graduate School of Engineering, Nishikyoku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Hanaoka
- Social
System Division, National Institute for
Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Amit Garg
- Public
Systems Group, Indian Institute of Management
Ahmedabad Vastrapur, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380015, India
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15
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Kayano T, Ko Y, Otani K, Kobayashi T, Suzuki M, Nishiura H. Evaluating the COVID-19 vaccination program in Japan, 2021 using the counterfactual reproduction number. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17762. [PMID: 37853098 PMCID: PMC10584853 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44942-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Japan implemented its nationwide vaccination program against COVID-19 in 2021, immunizing more than one million people (approximately 1%) a day. However, the direct and indirect impacts of the program at the population level have yet to be fully evaluated. To assess the vaccine effectiveness during the Delta variant (B.1.617.2) epidemic in 2021, we used a renewal process model. A transmission model was fitted to the confirmed cases from 17 February to 30 November 2021. In the absence of vaccination, the cumulative numbers of infections and deaths during the study period were estimated to be 63.3 million (95% confidence interval [CI] 63.2-63.6) and 364,000 (95% CI 363-366), respectively; the actual numbers of infections and deaths were 4.7 million and 10,000, respectively. Were the vaccination implemented 14 days earlier, there could have been 54% and 48% fewer cases and deaths, respectively, than the actual numbers. We demonstrated the very high effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination in Japan during 2021, which reduced mortality by more than 97% compared with the counterfactual scenario. The timing of expanding vaccination and vaccine recipients could be key to mitigating the disease burden of COVID-19. Rapid and proper decision making based on firm epidemiological input is vital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taishi Kayano
- Kyoto University School of Public Health, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yura Ko
- Center for Surveillance, Immunization, and Epidemiologic Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Kanako Otani
- Center for Surveillance, Immunization, and Epidemiologic Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Kobayashi
- Kyoto University School of Public Health, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Motoi Suzuki
- Center for Surveillance, Immunization, and Epidemiologic Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishiura
- Kyoto University School of Public Health, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
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16
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Seto M, Kondoh M. Microbial redox cycling enhances ecosystem thermodynamic efficiency and productivity. Ecol Lett 2023; 26:1714-1725. [PMID: 37458207 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Microbial life in low-energy ecosystems relies on individual energy conservation, optimizing energy use in response to interspecific competition and mutualistic interspecific syntrophy. Our study proposes a novel community-level strategy for increasing energy use efficiency. By utilizing an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction network model that represents microbial redox metabolic interactions, we investigated multiple species-level competition and cooperation within the network. Our results suggest that microbial functional diversity allows for metabolic handoffs, which in turn leads to increased energy use efficiency. Furthermore, the mutualistic division of labour and the resulting complexity of redox pathways actively drive material cycling, further promoting energy exploitation. Our findings reveal the potential of self-organized ecological interactions to develop efficient energy utilization strategies, with important implications for microbial ecosystem functioning and the co-evolution of life and Earth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Seto
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Environmental Sciences, Nara Women's University, Nara, Japan
| | - Michio Kondoh
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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17
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Hata S, Nansai K, Nakajima K. Supply Chain Factors Contributing to Improved Material Flow Indicators but Increased Carbon Footprint. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:12713-12721. [PMID: 37591495 PMCID: PMC10469450 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c00859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Improvements in four material flow indicators (MFIs) have helped facilitate Japan's transition to a sound material-cycle society. However, the economic and technological factors that have affected these MFIs have not been identified previously. Moreover, it is unclear whether the improvements in the MFIs have contributed to Japan's progress toward carbon mitigation. In this study, we quantified the contribution of the factors in the capital-embodied supply chain to changes in the MFIs at the national and sector levels. We also examined the consistency of MFI improvements with carbon footprint reduction. Our results show that, in many sectors, structural changes in the supply chain improved two of the MFIs (resource productivity and material circularity) but increased the carbon footprint of the sector. To address this conflict, producers need to manage their supply chains based on an understanding of the nexus between material consumption and carbon emissions, paying particular attention to supply chains associated with capital formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Hata
- Material
Cycles Division, National Institute for
Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
- Graduate
School of Frontier Sciences, The University
of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8563, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nansai
- Material
Cycles Division, National Institute for
Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Kenichi Nakajima
- Material
Cycles Division, National Institute for
Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
- Graduate
School of Frontier Sciences, The University
of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8563, Japan
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18
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Fujibayashi M, Nitta M, Aomori S, Sakamaki T, Okano K, Sugiyama H, Miyata N. Exploring the use of fish as indicators of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic supply in lake ecosystems. Oecologia 2023; 202:743-755. [PMID: 37568056 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-023-05433-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
An adequate supply of food sources with high levels (i.e., weight proportion of total fatty acids) and contents (i.e., absolute amount per mass) of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are important for ecosystems. Therefore, the supply of EPA and DHA from basal food sources is a useful indicator of ecosystem health. To determine whether EPA and DHA levels and contents in fish can be used as indicators of EPA and DHA supply in lakes, five dominant species of fish and basal food sources (seston and sediment) were collected monthly from June to November from 2016 to 2021 from Lake Hachiro, Japan. Seston and Hypomesus nipponensis were collected from 12 lakes (one collection per lake) with varying seston contents in EPA and DHA. The trends of EPA and DHA in all fish species were similar to those of the basal food sources. Correlation analysis showed that the EPA levels were strongly correlated between fish and seston; moreover, the correlation coefficient increased when a 1- or 2-month moving average was applied to the basal food sources, suggesting that fish represent a time-integrated supply of EPA and DHA. EPA levels of H. nipponensis had the highest correlation coefficients with seston among all fish species. EPA levels of H. nipponensis were significantly correlated with those of seston among lakes. The results of this study suggest that H. nipponensis is a useful indicator of EPA and DHA supplies in lake ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumu Fujibayashi
- Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 774, Motooka, Nishi-Ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
- Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, 241-438, Kaido-Bata Nishi, Shimoshinjo-Nakano, Akita, 010-0195, Japan.
| | - Mayumi Nitta
- Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, 241-438, Kaido-Bata Nishi, Shimoshinjo-Nakano, Akita, 010-0195, Japan
| | - Sota Aomori
- Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, 241-438, Kaido-Bata Nishi, Shimoshinjo-Nakano, Akita, 010-0195, Japan
| | - Takashi Sakamaki
- School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06, Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Okano
- Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, 241-438, Kaido-Bata Nishi, Shimoshinjo-Nakano, Akita, 010-0195, Japan
| | - Hideki Sugiyama
- Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, 241-438, Kaido-Bata Nishi, Shimoshinjo-Nakano, Akita, 010-0195, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Miyata
- Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, 241-438, Kaido-Bata Nishi, Shimoshinjo-Nakano, Akita, 010-0195, Japan
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19
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Amemiya Y, Nishiura H. Combined effect of early diagnosis and treatment on the case fatality risk of COVID-19 in Japan, 2020. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6679. [PMID: 37095151 PMCID: PMC10124700 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33929-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Japanese government initially enforced restrictions on outpatient attendances among febrile individuals suspected of having COVID-19, asking everyone to remain at home for at least 4 days from the onset of fever. This restriction was cancelled on 8 May 2020, and a new antiviral, remdesivir, was approved from 7 May 2020. To investigate how this policy change influenced the prognosis of people with COVID-19, we estimated the case fatality risk as a function of the date of illness onset from April to June 2020. We used an interrupted time-series analysis model with an intervention date of 8 May 2020, and estimated time-dependent case fatality risk by age group. The case fatality risk showed a decreasing trend in all groups, and models were favored accounting for an abrupt causal effect, i.e., immediate decline in fatality risk. The trend was estimated at - 1.1% (95% CI [confidence interval]: - 3.9, 3.0) among people aged 60-69 years, - 7.2% (95% CI - 11.2, - 2.4) among those aged 70-79 years, - 7.4% (95% CI - 14.2, 0.2) among those aged 80-89 years, and - 10.3% (95% CI - 21.1, 2.7) among those aged 90 and over. Early diagnosis and treatment greatly contributed to reducing the case fatality risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Amemiya
- School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishiura
- School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
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20
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Hosokawa N, Doi Y, Kim W, Iizumi T. Contrasting area and yield responses to extreme climate contributes to climate-resilient rice production in Asia. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6219. [PMID: 37069202 PMCID: PMC10110525 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33413-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate impacts on crop production components other than yield, i.e., area and cropping intensity, remain under-studied. Here, we clarify climate-crop area relationships by analyzing subnational census area and yield data for six multi-rice cropping countries in South and Southeast Asia. Extreme climate has a greater influence on the departure of area and yield from long-term trends than the average seasonal climate; precipitation and temperature in the sowing period of the wet/rainfed season have a greater influence on variability of the total annual area than in the growing period. In 57% of the country-scenario cases showing significant changes in area and/or yield, the directions of the area and yield responses to climate are not synchronized, deriving non-significant production changes under projected climates. Climate-area relationships not only limit production shocks, but also clarify uncertainties associated with climate mitigation of agricultural land, where area markedly affects the scale of mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanae Hosokawa
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8604, Japan
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Forest Research and Management Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8687, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Doi
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8604, Japan
- CSJ Co. Ltd., Shibuya-Ku, Tokyo, 151-0053, Japan
| | - Wonsik Kim
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8604, Japan
| | - Toshichika Iizumi
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8604, Japan.
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21
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Ozawa M, Anzai T, Yamauchi T, Takahashi K. Do changes in working hours increase stress in Japanese white-collar workers? Front Public Health 2023; 11:1076024. [PMID: 36817909 PMCID: PMC9928859 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1076024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction High stress at work is associated with negative health outcomes for workers, making stress prevention a critical challenge. Overtime work is an influential stress factor. This study, therefore, aimed to longitudinally evaluate how stress increased depending on changes in working hours among Japanese white-collar workers. Methods We targeted 3,874 participants who were full-time workers and were recognized as having low stress in a web-based cohort in 2018 (T1) and 2019 (T2). We performed univariate and multivariate logistic regression with the following variables: years of experience, years of education, medical background, income, and roommates. Results We observed a greater increase in stress among female who worked 41-50 h per week at T1 and more than 50 hours per week at T2, and those who worked more than 50 h per week at T1 and 35-40/41-50 h per week at T2, compared to those who worked 41-50 h per week both at T1 and T2, with odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of OR = 2.09, 95% CI (1.18, 3,70); OR =1.86, 95% CI (1.14, 3.03), respectively. However, no association between change in working hours and stress was found among male. Discussion These results show that reducing stress requires decreasing working hours as well as identifying factors that lead to high stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Ozawa
- School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Anzai
- Department of Biostatistics, M&D Data Science Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamauchi
- Department of Public Health and Environmental Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Takahashi
- Department of Biostatistics, M&D Data Science Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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22
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Kono M, Okuda T, Ishihara N, Hagino H, Tani Y, Okochi H, Tokoro C, Takaishi M, Ikeda H, Ishihara Y. Chemokine expression in human 3-dimensional cultured epidermis exposed to PM2.5 collected by cyclonic separation. Toxicol Res 2023; 39:1-13. [PMID: 36726829 PMCID: PMC9839915 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-022-00142-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure has a risk of inducing several health problems, especially in the respiratory tract. The skin is the largest organ of the human body and is therefore the primary target of PM2.5. In this study, we examined the effects of PM2.5 on the skin using a human 3-dimensional cultured epidermis model. PM2.5 was collected by cyclonic separation in Yokohama, Japan. Global analysis of 34 proteins released from the epidermis revealed that the chemokines, chemokine C-X-C motif ligand 1 (CXCL1) and interleukin 8 (IL-8), were significantly increased in response to PM2.5 exposure. These chemokines stimulated neutrophil chemotaxis in a C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 2-dependent manner. The oxidative stress and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 pathways may be involved in the increased expression of CXCL1 and IL-8 in the human epidermis model. Interestingly, in the HaCaT human keratinocyte cell line, PM2.5 did not affect chemokine expression but did induce IL-6 expression, suggesting a different effect of PM2.5 between the epidermis model and HaCaT cells. Overall, PM2.5 could induce the epidermis to release chemokines, followed by neutrophil activation, which might cause an unregulated inflammatory reaction in the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maori Kono
- Laboratory of Advanced Cosmetic Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
- Product Assurance Division, Mandom Corporation, Osaka, 540-8530 Japan
| | - Tomoaki Okuda
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Kanagawa, 223-8522 Japan
| | - Nami Ishihara
- Program of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8521 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Hagino
- Japan Automobile Research Institute, Ibaraki, 305-0822 Japan
| | - Yuto Tani
- School of Creative Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, 169-8555 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Okochi
- School of Creative Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, 169-8555 Japan
| | - Chiharu Tokoro
- School of Creative Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, 169-8555 Japan
| | - Masayuki Takaishi
- Laboratory of Advanced Cosmetic Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
- Product Assurance Division, Mandom Corporation, Osaka, 540-8530 Japan
| | - Hidefumi Ikeda
- Laboratory of Advanced Cosmetic Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
- Product Assurance Division, Mandom Corporation, Osaka, 540-8530 Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ishihara
- Program of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8521 Japan
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23
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Iwashita G, Yamawo A, Kondoh M. Predator discrimination of prey promotes the predator-mediated coexistence of prey species. R Soc Open Sci 2022; 9:220859. [PMID: 36483759 PMCID: PMC9727501 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.220859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The predator discrimination of prey can affect predation intensity and the prey density dependence of predators, which has the potential to alter the coexistence of prey species. We used a predator-prey population dynamics model accounting for the predator's adaptive diet choice and predator discrimination of prey to investigate how the latter influences prey coexistence. The model revealed that (i) prey species that are perceived as belonging to the same species by a predator are attacked in the same manner, and it is more difficult for them to coexist than those that are recognized as different prey species, and (ii) prey species that are not discriminated by a predator-and therefore cannot coexist-may coexist in the presence of an alternative predator that does discriminate between them. These results suggest that prey diversity, which favours the predator discrimination of prey, and the different capabilities of predators to identify prey species both enhance prey coexistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Iwashita
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University Japan, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Akira Yamawo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki Aomori 036-8561, Japan
| | - Michio Kondoh
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University Japan, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
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Hammer J, Endo S. Volatility and Nonspecific van der Waals Interaction Properties of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS): Evaluation Using Hexadecane/Air Partition Coefficients. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:15737-15745. [PMID: 36240042 PMCID: PMC9671037 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c05804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) form weak van der Waals (vdW) interactions, which render this class of chemicals more volatile than nonfluorinated analogues. Here, the hexadecane/air partition coefficient (KHxd/air) values at 25 °C, as an index of vdW interaction strength and volatility, were determined for 64 neutral PFAS using the variable phase ratio headspace and gas chromatographic retention methods. Log KHxd/air values increased linearly with increasing number of CF2 units, and the increase in log KHxd/air value per CF2 was smaller than that per CH2. Comparison of PFAS sharing the same perfluoroalkyl chain length but with different functional groups demonstrated that KHxd/air was highest for the N-alkyl perfluoroalkanesulfonamidethanols and lowest for the perfluoroalkanes and that the size of the nonfluorinated structure determines the difference in KHxd/air between PFAS groups. Two models, the quantum chemistry-based COSMOtherm model and an iterative fragment selection quantitative structure-property relationship (IFS-QSPR) model, accurately predicted the log KHxd/air values of the PFAS with root-mean-square errors of 0.55 and 0.35, respectively. COSMOtherm showed minor systematic errors for all PFAS, whereas IFS-QSPR exhibited large errors for a few PFAS groups that were outside the model applicability domain. The present data set will be useful as a benchmark of the volatilities of the various PFAS and for predicting other partition coefficient values of PFAS.
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Omagari R, Yagishita M, Shiraishi F, Nakayama SF, Terasaki M, Tanigawa T, Yamauchi I, Kubo T, Nakajima D. Identification by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry of the Contributor to the Thyroid Hormone Receptor Agonist Activity in Effluents from Sewage Treatment Plants. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:13709-13718. [PMID: 36100216 PMCID: PMC9536310 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c02648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
3,3',5-Triiodothyroacetic acid (TRIAC) was identified as a major contributor to the activity of thyroid hormone receptor (TR) agonists in environmental water. TRIAC contributed 60-148% of the TR-agonist activity in effluents from sewage treatment plants (STPs). Meanwhile, the contributions of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3), 3,3',5,5'-tetraiodothyronine (T4), and analogues were <1%. TRIAC concentrations in the range of 0.30-4.2 ng/L are likely enough to cause disruption of the thyroid system in living aquatic organisms. The origin of TRIAC in the STP effluents was investigated by analyzing both STP influents and effluents. Relatively high concentrations of T3 and T4 (2.5 and 6.3 ng/L, respectively) were found only in the influents. TRIAC was identified only in the effluents. These findings suggested that T3 and T4 in STP influents were potentially converted into TRIAC during activated sludge treatment or by other means. The evaluation of TRIAC at relevant environmental concentrations by in vivo assays and an appropriate treatment to reduce the TR activity in sewage are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Omagari
- Health
and Environmental Risk Division, National
Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Mayuko Yagishita
- Department
of Life and Environmental Science, Prefectural
University of Hiroshima, Shobara
City, Hiroshima 727-0023, Japan
| | - Fujio Shiraishi
- Health
and Environmental Risk Division, National
Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Shoji F. Nakayama
- Health
and Environmental Risk Division, National
Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Masanori Terasaki
- Graduate
School of Arts and Sciences, Iwate University, Morioka City, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Tanigawa
- Graduate
School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku,Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Ichiro Yamauchi
- Department
of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takuya Kubo
- Department
of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Daisuke Nakajima
- Health
and Environmental Risk Division, National
Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba
University, Chiba City, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
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Fischer FC, Hiki K, Endo S. Free Versus Bound Concentration: Passive Dosing from Polymer Meshes Elucidates Drivers of Toxicity in Aquatic Tests with Benthic Invertebrates. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022. [PMID: 36039972 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic toxicity tests with benthic organisms are used to predict the toxicity of hydrophobic organic chemicals (HOCs) in sediments, assuming that the freely dissolved concentration (Cfree ) is a good surrogate of bioavailability in the exposure system. However, Cfree of HOCs is difficult to control in water-only setups. Moreover, the role of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the occurrence of toxicity needs clarification because DOC concentrations in sediment porewater can be substantially higher than in typical test water. We introduced biocompatible polyethylene meshes with high sorptive capacities and fast release kinetics as a novel passive dosing phase, which maintained Cfree and Cwater (i.e., free + DOC-bound) in Hyalella azteca water-only tests. Adding the supernatant fraction of peat to test water as a DOC source increased Cwater to an extent comparable to sediment porewater and significantly increased and decreased the observed toxicity of permethrin and benzo[a]pyrene, respectively, to H. azteca. This result indicates that DOC can both benefit and harm test species likely due to the increased health after ingestion of DOC and to the uptake of DOC-bound HOCs, respectively. Passive dosing in combination with the addition of sediment DOC surrogates may better reflect exposure and habitat conditions in sediment porewater than conventional aquatic tests. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;00:1-10. © 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian C Fischer
- Health and Environmental Risk Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kyoshiro Hiki
- Health and Environmental Risk Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Satoshi Endo
- Health and Environmental Risk Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Hayashi K, Fujimoto M, Nishiura H. Quantifying the future risk of dengue under climate change in Japan. Front Public Health 2022; 10:959312. [PMID: 35991044 PMCID: PMC9389175 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.959312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In metropolitan Tokyo in 2014, Japan experienced its first domestic dengue outbreak since 1945. The objective of the present study was to quantitatively assess the future risk of dengue in Japan using climate change scenarios in a high-resolution geospatial environment by building on a solid theory as a baseline in consideration of future adaptation strategies. Methods Using climate change scenarios of the Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate version 6 (MIROC6), representative concentration pathway (RCP) 2.6, 4.5, and 8.5, we computed the daily average temperature and embedded this in the effective reproduction number of dengue, R(T), to calculate the extinction probability and interepidemic period across Japan. Results In June and October, the R(T) with daily average temperature T, was <1 as in 2022; however, an elevation in temperature increased the number of days with R(T) >1 during these months under RCP8.5. The time period with a risk of dengue transmission gradually extended to late spring (April–May) and autumn (October–November). Under the RCP8.5 scenario in 2100, the possibility of no dengue-free months was revealed in part of southernmost Okinawa Prefecture, and the epidemic risk extended to the entire part of northernmost Hokkaido Prefecture. Conclusion Each locality in Japan must formulate action plans in response to the presented scenarios. Our geographic analysis can help local governments to develop adaptation policies that include mosquito breeding site elimination, distribution of adulticides and larvicides, and elevated situation awareness to prevent transmission via bites from Aedes vectors.
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Tanaka K, Azar C, Boucher O, Ciais P, Gaucher Y, Johansson DJA. Paris Agreement requires substantial, broad, and sustained policy efforts beyond COVID-19 public stimulus packages. Clim Change 2022; 172:1. [PMID: 35529022 PMCID: PMC9058433 DOI: 10.1007/s10584-022-03355-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
It has been claimed that COVID-19 public stimulus packages could be sufficient to meet the short-term energy investment needs to leverage a shift toward a pathway consistent with the 1.5 °C target of the Paris Agreement. Here, we provide complementary perspectives to reiterate that substantial, broad, and sustained policy efforts beyond stimulus packages will be needed for achieving the Paris Agreement long-term targets. Low-carbon investments will need to scale up and persist over the next several decades following short-term stimulus packages. The required total energy investments in the real world can be larger than the currently available estimates from integrated assessment models (IAMs). Existing databases from IAMs are not sufficient for analyzing the effect of public spending on emission reduction. To inform what role COVID-19 stimulus packages and public investments may play for reaching the Paris Agreement targets, explicit modelling of such policies is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsumasa Tanaka
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement (LSCE), IPSL, CEA/CNRS/UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Earth System Risk Analysis Section, Earth System Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Christian Azar
- Division of Physical Resource Theory, Department of Space, Earth, and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Olivier Boucher
- Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace (IPSL), Sorbonne Université / CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement (LSCE), IPSL, CEA/CNRS/UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Yann Gaucher
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement (LSCE), IPSL, CEA/CNRS/UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Daniel J. A. Johansson
- Division of Physical Resource Theory, Department of Space, Earth, and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Suzuki N, Takai Y, Yonemura M, Negoro H, Motonaga S, Fujishiro N, Nakamura E, Takae S, Yoshida S, Uesugi K, Ohira T, Katsura A, Fujiwara M, Horiguchi I, Kosaki K, Onodera H, Nishiyama H. Guidance on the need for contraception related to use of pharmaceuticals: the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development Study Group for providing information on the proper use of pharmaceuticals in patients with reproductive potential. Int J Clin Oncol 2022; 27:829-839. [PMID: 35347493 PMCID: PMC9023394 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-022-02149-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA) have published guidelines on the use of cancer treatments in young people of reproductive potential. However, no such guideline is available in Japan. Therefore, this project aimed to gather relevant data and draft a respective guidance paper. METHODS From April 2019 to March 2021, the Study Group for Providing Information on the Proper Use of Pharmaceuticals in Patients with Reproductive Potential at the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development gathered opinions from experts in reproductive medicine, toxicology, and drug safety measures. The group considered these opinions, the FDA and EMA guidelines, and relevant Japanese guidelines and prepared a guidance paper, which they sent to 19 related organizations for comment. RESULTS By November 2020, the draft guidance paper was completed and sent to the related organizations, 17 of which provided a total of 156 comments. The study group finalized the guidance paper in March 2021. CONCLUSIONS The "Guidance on the Need for Contraception Related to Use of Pharmaceuticals" (The report of the Study Group for Providing Information on the Proper Use of Pharmaceuticals in Patients with Reproductive Potential, Research on Regulatory Science of Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development: JP20mk0101139) is expected to help Japanese healthcare professionals provide fertility-related care and advice to adolescents, and young adults with cancer and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nao Suzuki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan.
| | - Yasushi Takai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saitama Medical Center, 1981 Kamoda, Kawagoe-shi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masahito Yonemura
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Negoro
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shinya Motonaga
- Pharmacovigilance Section, Office of Clinical Research Support, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Noriko Fujishiro
- Pharmacovigilance Section, Office of Clinical Research Support, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Eishin Nakamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saitama Medical Center, 1981 Kamoda, Kawagoe-shi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Seido Takae
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan
| | - Saori Yoshida
- Qol Co., Ltd, 4-3-1 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Uesugi
- Pfizer R&D Japan G.K, 3-22-7 Yoyogi, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America, 3-7-8 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Ohira
- Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 2-1-1 Nihonbashi-Honcho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association, 2-3-11 Nihonbashi-Honcho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aiko Katsura
- Novartis Pharma K.K, 1-23-1 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations, Japan, 2-1-1 Osaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michio Fujiwara
- Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association, 2-3-11 Nihonbashi-Honcho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Itsuko Horiguchi
- The Support Center for Clinical Pharmacy Education and Research, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Kosaki
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Onodera
- Division of Pathology, Center for Biological Safety Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nishiyama
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, Japan
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Li C, Managi S. Impacts of air pollution on COVID-19 case fatality rate: a global analysis. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:27496-27509. [PMID: 34982383 PMCID: PMC8724597 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18442-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is still rapidly spreading globally. To probe high-risk cities and the impacts of air pollution on public health, this study explores the relationship between the long-term average concentration of air pollution and the city-level case fatality rate (CFR) of COVID-19 globally. Then, geographically weighted regression (GWR) is applied to examine the spatial variability of the relationships. Six air pollution factors, including nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), ozone (O3), PM2.5 (particles with diameter ≤2.5 μm), PM10 (particles with diameter ≤10 μm), and air quality index (AQI), are positively associated with the city-level COVID-19 CFR. Our results indicate that a 1-unit increase in NO2 (part per billion, PPB), SO2 (PPB), O3 (PPB), PM2.5 (microgram per cubic meter, μg/m3), PM10 (μg/m3), AQI (score), is related to a 1.450%, 1.005%, 0.992%, 0.860%, 0.568%, and 0.776% increase in the city-level COVID-19 CFR, respectively. Additionally, the effects of NO2, O3, PM2.5, AQI, and probability of living with poor AQI on COVID-19 spatially vary in view of the estimation of the GWR. In other words, the adverse impacts of air pollution on health are different among the cities. In summary, long-term exposure to air pollution is negatively related to the COVID-19 health outcome, and the relationship is spatially non-stationary. Our research sheds light on the impacts of slashing air pollution on public health in the COVID-19 pandemic to help governments formulate air pollution policies in light of the local situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Urban Institute & School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Managi
- Urban Institute & School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
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Nakagawa Y, Kaneko T. Treatment with MG132 prevents spontaneous activation of rat oocyte in culture and promotes embryonic development after intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2706. [PMID: 35177721 PMCID: PMC8854420 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06714-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is an effective reproductive technique for obtaining rat offspring using preserved sperm with low or no motility. However, rat oocytes undergo spontaneous activation immediately after retrieval from the oviduct and poorly develop after ICSI unless it is performed quickly. Here, we evaluated whether treatment with MG132, the proteasome inhibitor, suppresses the spontaneous activation of oocytes before and during ICSI. After retrieval from the oviducts, the rate of development into morula and blastocyst from the oocytes cultured in vitro for 1 h prior to ICSI significantly decreased compared with that from the control oocytes subject to ICSI without culture (7% versus 36%). However, a higher proportion of oocytes treated with MG132 for 0, 1, and 3 h before and during ICSI developed into morulae and blastocysts (70%, 60%, and 52%, respectively). Offspring were obtained from oocytes treated with MG132 for 0 and 1 h before and during ICSI (percentage: 31%). Altogether, MG132 could suppress the spontaneous activation of rat oocytes and increase embryonic development after ICSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Nakagawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8551, Japan
| | - Takehito Kaneko
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8551, Japan.
- Division of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8551, Japan.
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Inoue T, Akaji Y, Noguchi K. Distinct responses of growth and respiration to growth temperatures in two mangrove species. Ann Bot 2022; 129:15-28. [PMID: 34508635 PMCID: PMC8752395 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcab117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Mangrove plants are mostly found in tropical and sub-tropical tidal flats, and their limited distribution may be related to their responses to growth temperatures. However, the mechanisms underlying these responses have not been clarified. Here, we measured the dependencies of the growth parameters and respiration rates of leaves and roots on growth temperatures in typical mangrove species. METHODS We grew two typical species of Indo-Pacific mangroves, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza and Rhizophora stylosa, at four different temperatures (15, 20, 25 and 30 °C) by irrigating with fresh water containing nutrients, and we measured growth parameters, chemical composition, and leaf and root O2 respiration rates. We then estimated the construction costs of leaves and roots and the respiration rates required for maintenance and growth. KEY RESULTS The relative growth rates of both species increased with growth temperature due to changes in physiological parameters such as net assimilation rate and respiration rate rather than to changes in structural parameters such as leaf area ratio. Both species required a threshold temperature for growth (12.2 °C in B. gymnorrhiza and 18.1 °C in R. stylosa). At the low growth temperature, root nitrogen uptake rate was lower in R. stylosa than in B. gymnorrhiza, leading to a slower growth rate in R. stylosa. This indicates that R. stylosa is more sensitive than B. gymnorrhiza to low temperature. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the mangrove species require a certain warm temperature to ensure respiration rates sufficient for maintenance and growth, particularly in roots. The underground temperature probably limits their growth under the low-temperature condition. The lower sensitivity of B. gymnorrhiza to low temperature shows its potential to adapt to a wider habitat temperature range than R. stylosa. These growth and respiratory features may explain the distribution patterns of the two mangrove species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yasuaki Akaji
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ko Noguchi
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
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Ikuta T, Tamaki T, Masai H, Nakanishi R, Endo K, Terao J, Maehashi K. Electrical detection of ppb region NO 2 using Mg-porphyrin-modified graphene field-effect transistors. Nanoscale Adv 2021; 3:5793-5800. [PMID: 36132664 PMCID: PMC9417097 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00519g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The trace detection of NO2 through small sensors is essential for air quality measurement and the health field; however, small sensors based on electrical devices cannot detect NO2 with the desired selectivity and quantitativity in the parts per billion (ppb) concentration region. In this study, we fabricated metalloporphyrin-modified graphene field-effect transistors (FETs). Mg-, Ni-, Cu-, and Co-porphyrins were deposited on the graphene FETs, and the transfer characteristics were measured. With the introduction of NO2 in the ppb concentration region, the FETs of pristine graphene and Ni-, Cu-, and Co-porphyrin-modified graphene showed an insufficient response, whereas the Mg-porphyrin-modified graphene exhibited large voltage shifts in the transport characteristics. This indicates that Mg-porphyrin acts as an adsorption site for NO2 molecules. An analysis of the Dirac-point voltage shifts with the introduction of NO2 indicates that the shifts were well-fitted with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model, and the limit of detection for NO2 was found to be 0.3 ppb in N2. The relationship between the mobility and the Dirac-point voltage shift with the NO2 concentration shows that the complex of NO2 and Mg-porphyrin behaves as a point-like charge impurity. Moreover, the Mg-porphyrin-modified graphene FETs show less response to other gases (O2, H2, acetic acid, trimethylamine, methanol, and hexane), thus indicating high sensitivity for NO2 detection. Furthermore, we successfully demonstrated the quantitative detection of NO2 in air, which is near the environmental standards. In conclusion, the results of the Mg-porphyrin-modified graphene FETs enable a rapid, easy, and selective detectability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ikuta
- Division of Advanced Applied Physics, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology 2-24-16, Nakacho Koganei Tokyo 184-8588 Japan
| | - Takashi Tamaki
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo 3-8-1, Komaba Meguro-ku Tokyo 153-8902 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Masai
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo 3-8-1, Komaba Meguro-ku Tokyo 153-8902 Japan
| | - Ryudai Nakanishi
- Division of Advanced Applied Physics, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology 2-24-16, Nakacho Koganei Tokyo 184-8588 Japan
| | - Kitaro Endo
- Division of Advanced Applied Physics, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology 2-24-16, Nakacho Koganei Tokyo 184-8588 Japan
| | - Jun Terao
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo 3-8-1, Komaba Meguro-ku Tokyo 153-8902 Japan
| | - Kenzo Maehashi
- Division of Advanced Applied Physics, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology 2-24-16, Nakacho Koganei Tokyo 184-8588 Japan
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Matsumura Y, Suganuma Y, Ichikawa T, Kim W, Nakashimada Y, Nishida K. Reaction Rate of Hydrothermal Ammonia Production from Chicken Manure. ACS Omega 2021; 6:23442-23446. [PMID: 34549142 PMCID: PMC8444327 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia is an important fertilizer feedstock and an expected next-generation hydrogen carrier. Thus, it is necessary to ensure effective production of ammonia from the waste biomass. In this regard, chicken manure was treated in an autoclave under hydrothermal reaction conditions, and the ammonia release rate was determined in the temperature range of 250-400 °C for holding times ranging from 2 to 120 min. A reaction network for ammonia production was proposed, and the reaction rate constants were determined. A nitrogen yield as high as 0.8 was obtained, corresponding to a hydrogen potential of 88.1 billion m3/year from chicken manure. Consequently, chicken manure was identified as a potentially favorable feedstock for ammonium production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiko Matsumura
- Graduate
School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Yuito Suganuma
- Graduate
School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Takayuki Ichikawa
- Graduate
School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Wookyung Kim
- Graduate
School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Yutaka Nakashimada
- Graduate
School of Integrated Science for Life, Hiroshima
University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan
| | - Keiya Nishida
- Graduate
School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
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Fukuda Y, Homma T, Inoue H, Onitsuka C, Ikeda H, Goto Y, Sato Y, Kimura T, Hirai K, Ohta S, Yamamoto M, Kusumoto S, Suzuki S, Tanaka A, Sagara H. Downregulation of type III interferons in patients with severe COVID-19. J Med Virol 2021; 93:4559-4563. [PMID: 33811680 PMCID: PMC8250710 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is globally rampant, and to curb the growing burden of this disease, in-depth knowledge about its pathophysiology is needed. This was an observational study conducted at a single center to investigate serum cytokine and chemokine levels of COVID-19 patients, based on disease severity. We included 72 consecutive COVID-19 patients admitted to our hospital from March 21 to August 31, 2020. Patients were divided into Mild-Moderate I (mild) and Moderate II-Severe (severe) groups based on the COVID-19 severity classification developed by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (MHLW) of Japan. We compared the patient characteristics as well as the serum cytokine and chemokine levels on the day of admission between the two groups. Our findings indicated that the severe group had significantly higher levels of serum fibrinogen, d-dimer, lactate dehydrogenase, C-reactive protein, ferritin, Krebs von den Lungen-6, surfactant protein (SP)-D, and SP-A than the mild group. Strikingly, the levels of interleukin (IL)-28A/interferon (IFN)-λ2 were significantly lower in the severe group than in the mild group. We believe that reduced levels of type III interferons (IFN-λs) and alterations in the levels of other cytokines and chemokines may impact the severity of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Fukuda
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of MedicineShowa University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Tetsuya Homma
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of MedicineShowa University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Hideki Inoue
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of MedicineShowa University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Chisato Onitsuka
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of MedicineShowa University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Hitoshi Ikeda
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of MedicineShowa University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Yuiko Goto
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of MedicineShowa University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Yoko Sato
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of MedicineShowa University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Tomoyuki Kimura
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of MedicineShowa University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Kuniaki Hirai
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of MedicineShowa University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Shin Ohta
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of MedicineShowa University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Mayumi Yamamoto
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of MedicineShowa University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Sojiro Kusumoto
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of MedicineShowa University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Shintaro Suzuki
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of MedicineShowa University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Akihiko Tanaka
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of MedicineShowa University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Hironori Sagara
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of MedicineShowa University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
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Nakashima T, Ogata S, Noguchi T, Tahara Y, Onozuka D, Kato S, Yamagata Y, Kojima S, Iwami T, Sakamoto T, Nagao K, Nonogi H, Yasuda S, Iihara K, Neumar R, Nishimura K. Machine learning model for predicting out-of-hospital cardiac arrests using meteorological and chronological data. Heart 2021; 107:1084-1091. [PMID: 34001636 PMCID: PMC8223656 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2020-318726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate a predictive model for robust estimation of daily out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) incidence using a suite of machine learning (ML) approaches and high-resolution meteorological and chronological data. METHODS In this population-based study, we combined an OHCA nationwide registry and high-resolution meteorological and chronological datasets from Japan. We developed a model to predict daily OHCA incidence with a training dataset for 2005-2013 using the eXtreme Gradient Boosting algorithm. A dataset for 2014-2015 was used to test the predictive model. The main outcome was the accuracy of the predictive model for the number of daily OHCA events, based on mean absolute error (MAE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). In general, a model with MAPE less than 10% is considered highly accurate. RESULTS Among the 1 299 784 OHCA cases, 661 052 OHCA cases of cardiac origin (525 374 cases in the training dataset on which fourfold cross-validation was performed and 135 678 cases in the testing dataset) were included in the analysis. Compared with the ML models using meteorological or chronological variables alone, the ML model with combined meteorological and chronological variables had the highest predictive accuracy in the training (MAE 1.314 and MAPE 7.007%) and testing datasets (MAE 1.547 and MAPE 7.788%). Sunday, Monday, holiday, winter, low ambient temperature and large interday or intraday temperature difference were more strongly associated with OHCA incidence than other the meteorological and chronological variables. CONCLUSIONS A ML predictive model using comprehensive daily meteorological and chronological data allows for highly precise estimates of OHCA incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Nakashima
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiologic Informatics, National Cerebral Cardiovascular Centre, Suita, Japan
| | - Soshiro Ogata
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiologic Informatics, National Cerebral Cardiovascular Centre, Suita, Japan
| | - Teruo Noguchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Centre, Suita, Japan
| | - Yoshio Tahara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Centre, Suita, Japan
| | - Daisuke Onozuka
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiologic Informatics, National Cerebral Cardiovascular Centre, Suita, Japan
| | | | | | - Sunao Kojima
- Department of General Internal Medicine 3, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Taku Iwami
- Health Service, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Sakamoto
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Teikyo University, Itabashi-ku, Japan
| | - Ken Nagao
- Cardiovascular Centre, Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Satoshi Yasuda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Koji Iihara
- National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Robert Neumar
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kunihiro Nishimura
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiologic Informatics, National Cerebral Cardiovascular Centre, Suita, Japan
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Tanaka K, Boucher O, Ciais P, Johansson DJA, Morfeldt J. Cost-effective implementation of the Paris Agreement using flexible greenhouse gas metrics. Sci Adv 2021; 7:7/22/eabf9020. [PMID: 34049873 PMCID: PMC8163072 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf9020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Greenhouse gas (GHG) metrics, that is, conversion factors to evaluate the emissions of non-CO2 GHGs on a common scale with CO2, serve crucial functions in the implementation of the Paris Agreement. While different metrics have been proposed, their economic cost-effectiveness has not been investigated under a range of pathways, including those substantially overshooting the temperature targets. Here, we show that cost-effective metrics for methane that minimize the overall mitigation costs are time-dependent, primarily determined by the pathway, and strongly influenced by temperature overshoot. Parties to the Paris Agreement have already adopted the conventional GWP100 (100-year global warming potential), which is shown to be a good approximation of cost-effective metrics for the coming decades. In the longer term, however, we suggest that parties consider adapting the choice of common metrics to the future pathway as it unfolds, as part of the recurring global stocktake, if global cost-effectiveness is a key consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsumasa Tanaka
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE), Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace (IPSL), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)/Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS)/Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
- IPSL, CNRS/Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Earth System Risk Analysis Section, Earth System Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Tsukuba, Japan
| | | | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE), Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace (IPSL), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)/Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS)/Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Daniel J A Johansson
- Division of Physical Resource Theory, Department of Space, Earth, and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johannes Morfeldt
- Division of Physical Resource Theory, Department of Space, Earth, and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Ju Y, Sugiyama M, Kato E, Matsuo Y, Oshiro K, Silva Herran D. Industrial decarbonization under Japan's national mitigation scenarios: a multi-model analysis. Sustain Sci 2021; 16:411-427. [PMID: 33758624 PMCID: PMC7970825 DOI: 10.1007/s11625-021-00905-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Energy-intensive industries are difficult to decarbonize. They present a major challenge to the emerging countries that are currently in the midst of rapid industrialization and urbanization. This is also applicable to Japan, a developed economy, which retains a large presence in heavy industries compared to other developed economies. In this paper, the results obtained from four energy-economic and integrated assessment models were utilized to explore climate mitigation scenarios of Japan's industries by 2050. The results reveal that: (i) Japan's share of emissions from industries may increase by 2050, highlighting the difficulties in achieving industrial decarbonization under the prevailing industrial policies; (ii) the emission reduction in steelmaking will play a key role, which can be achieved by the implementation of carbon capture and expansion of hydrogen technologies after 2040; (iii) even under mitigation scenarios, electrification and the use of biomass use in Japan's industries will continue to be limited in 2050, suggesting a low possibility of large-scale fuel switching or end-use decarbonization. After stocktaking of the current industry-sector modeling in integrated assessment models, we found that such limited uptake of cleaner fuels in the results may be related to the limited interests of both participating models and industry stakeholders in Japan, specifically the interests on the technologies that are still at the early stage of development but with high reduction potential. It is crucial to upgrade research and development activities to enable future industry-sector mitigation as well as to improve modeling capabilities of energy end-use technologies in integrated assessment models. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11625-021-00905-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Ju
- Institute for Future Initiatives, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
| | - Masahiro Sugiyama
- Institute for Future Initiatives, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
| | | | | | - Ken Oshiro
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Diego Silva Herran
- Institute for Global Environmental Strategies, Kanagawa, Japan
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
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Nishiura H, Mimura N. Research Agenda of Climate Change during and after the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic. J Clin Med 2021; 10:770. [PMID: 33671912 PMCID: PMC7918948 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10040770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) rapidly spread worldwide during the first few months of 2020 [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Nishiura
- Kyoto University School of Public Health, Yoshidakonoecho, Sakyoku, Kyoto City 606-8501, Japan
| | - Nobuo Mimura
- Ibaraki University Global and Local Environment Co-creation Institute, Bunkyo 2-1-1, Mito City 310-8512, Japan;
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Namba H, Iwasaki Y, Heino J, Matsuda H. What to Survey? A Systematic Review of the Choice of Biological Groups in Assessing Ecological Impacts of Metals in Running Waters. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020; 39:1964-1972. [PMID: 32609909 PMCID: PMC7590085 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Which biological groups (in the present study, periphyton, macroinvertebrates, and fishes) are surveyed is a fundamental question in environmental impact assessment programs in metal-contaminated rivers. We performed a systematic review of 202 studies that investigated the ecological impacts of metal contamination on aquatic populations and communities in streams and rivers to examine 1) which biological groups were surveyed, 2) whether their responses were correlated with each other, and 3) which biological group was most responsive to changes in metal contamination level. In these studies, published from 1991 to 2015, benthic macroinvertebrates were most frequently chosen throughout the period (59-76% in different 5-yr periods), followed by periphyton and fishes, and the number of studies that surveyed at least 2 or 3 biological groups was very limited (10%). Pearson's correlation coefficients calculated between the metrics of different biological groups were often low, emphasizing the importance of investigating multiple biological groups to better understand the responses of aquatic communities to metal contamination in running waters. Despite the limited data collected, our meta-analysis showed that, in most cases, biological metrics based on macroinvertebrates were more responsive to changes in metal contamination level than those based on periphyton or fishes. This finding suggests that benthic macroinvertebrates could be a reasonable choice to detect the ecological impacts of metal contamination on a local scale. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1964-1972. © 2020 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Namba
- Graduate School of Environment and Information SciencesYokohama National UniversityYokohamaKanagawaJapan
- Nippon KoeiTokyoJapan
| | - Yuichi Iwasaki
- ResearchInstitute of Science for Safety and SustainabilityNational Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and TechnologyTsukubaIbarakiJapan
| | - Jani Heino
- Freshwater Center, Finnish Environment InstituteOuluFinland
| | - Hiroyuki Matsuda
- Faculty of Environment and Information SciencesYokohama National UniversityYokohamaKanagawaJapan
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Kumar H, Kumagai S, Kameda T, Saito Y, Yoshioka T. Simultaneous recovery of high-purity Cu and poly(vinyl chloride) from waste wire harness via swelling followed by ball milling. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10754. [PMID: 32612201 PMCID: PMC7329881 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67795-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) swelling coupled with ball milling was employed for the simultaneous recovery of high-purity Cu and PVC from waste wire harness under ambient conditions. The experimentally determined performances of 15 organic solvents for PVC swelling and phthalate plasticiser extraction were compared with those predicted considering Hansen solubility parameters. As a result, n-butyl acetate and acetone were identified as the two best solvents for adequate PVC swelling without PVC dissolution and almost complete plasticiser extraction within 60 min. The swelling was concluded to contribute to the control of phthalate plasticisers, the use of which in wire harness has recently been limited by the Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) directive. Cables swollen with n-butyl acetate or acetone were subjected to dry ball milling for ~ 60 min to completely separate PVC and Cu and achieve the quantitative recovery of these components from 20-cm-long cables. Thus, this work unveils the high potential of recycling the otherwise non-recyclable long and non-uniform waste wire harness cables and is expected to impact the related (e.g., automotive, electrical, and electronics) industries, contributing to the establishment of a more sustainable society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harendra Kumar
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-07 Aoba, Aramaki-Aza, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Shogo Kumagai
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-07 Aoba, Aramaki-Aza, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan.
| | - Tomohito Kameda
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-07 Aoba, Aramaki-Aza, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yuko Saito
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-07 Aoba, Aramaki-Aza, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Yoshioka
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-07 Aoba, Aramaki-Aza, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
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Kim SE, Lee H, Kim J, Lee YK, Kang M, Hijioka Y, Kim H. Temperature as a risk factor of emergency department visits for acute kidney injury: a case-crossover study in Seoul, South Korea. Environ Health 2019; 18:55. [PMID: 31200714 PMCID: PMC6570878 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-019-0491-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies show that escalations in ambient temperature are among the risk factors for acute kidney injury (AKI). However, it has not been adequately studied in our location, Seoul, South Korea. In this study, we aimed to examine the association between ambient temperatures and AKI morbidity using emergency department (ED) visit data. METHODS We obtained data on ED visits from the National Emergency Medical Center for 21,656 reported cases of AKI from 2010 to 2014. Time-stratified case-crossover design analysis based on conditional logistic regression was used to analyze short-term effects of ambient temperature on AKI after controlling for relevant covariates. The shape of the exposure-response curve, effect modification by individual demographic characteristics, season, and comorbidities, as well as lag effects, were investigated. RESULTS The odds ratio (OR) per 1 °C increase at lag 0 was 1.0087 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.0041-1.0134). Risks were higher during the warm season (OR = 1.0149; 95% CI: 1.0065-1.0234) than during the cool season (OR = 1.0059; 95% CI: 1.0003-1.0116) and even higher above 22.3 °C (OR = 1.0235; 95% CI: 1.0230-1.0239). CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence that ED visits for AKI were associated with ambient temperature. Early detection and treatment of patients at risk is important in both clinical and economic concerns related to AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satbyul Estella Kim
- Center for Climate Change Adaptation, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, 305-8506, Japan
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Lee
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jayeun Kim
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Kyu Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjin Kang
- Research and Analysis Team, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Yasuaki Hijioka
- Center for Climate Change Adaptation, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, 305-8506, Japan.
| | - Ho Kim
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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