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Cluzel GL, Ryan PM, Herisson FM, Caplice NM. High-fidelity porcine models of metabolic syndrome: a contemporary synthesis. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2022; 322:E366-E381. [PMID: 35224983 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00413.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This review aims to describe and compare porcine models of metabolic syndrome. This syndrome and its associated secondary comorbidities are set to become the greatest challenge to healthcare providers and policy makers in the coming century. However, an incomplete understanding of the pathogenesis has left significant knowledge gaps in terms of efficacious therapeutics. To further our comprehension and, in turn, management of metabolic syndrome, appropriate high-fidelity models of the disease complex are of great importance. In this context, our review aims to assess the most promising porcine models of metabolic syndrome currently available for their similarity to the human phenotype. In addition, we aim to highlight the strengths and shortcomings of each model in an attempt to identify the most appropriate application of each. Although no porcine model perfectly recapitulates the human metabolic syndrome, several pose satisfactory approximations. The Ossabaw miniature swine in particular represents a highly translatable model that develops each of the core parameters of the syndrome with many of the associated secondary comorbidities. Future high-fidelity porcine models of metabolic syndrome need to focus on secondary sequelae replication, which may require extended induction period to reveal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaston L Cluzel
- Centre for Research in Vascular Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul M Ryan
- Centre for Research in Vascular Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Florence M Herisson
- Centre for Research in Vascular Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Noel M Caplice
- Centre for Research in Vascular Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Abstract
Swine disease models are essential for mimicry of human metabolic and vascular pathophysiology, thereby enabling high-fidelity translation to human medicine. The worldwide epidemic of obesity, metabolic disease, and diabetes has prompted the focus on these diseases in this review. We highlight the remarkable similarity between Ossabaw miniature swine and humans with metabolic syndrome and atherosclerosis. Although the evidence is strongest for swine models of coronary artery disease, findings are generally applicable to any vascular bed. We discuss the major strengths and weaknesses of swine models. The development of vascular imaging is an example of optimal vascular engineering in swine. Although challenges regarding infrastructure and training of engineers in the use of swine models exist, opportunities are ripe for gene editing, studies of molecular mechanisms, and use of swine in coronary artery imaging and testing of devices that can move quickly to human clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Sturek
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202-5120, USA; .,Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 46907, USA
| | - Mouhamad Alloosh
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202-5120, USA;
| | - Frank W Sellke
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital and Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02903, USA
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Badin JK, Bruning RS, Sturek M. Effect of metabolic syndrome and aging on Ca 2+ dysfunction in coronary smooth muscle and coronary artery disease severity in Ossabaw miniature swine. Exp Gerontol 2018; 108:247-255. [PMID: 29730333 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and aging are prevalent risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD) and contribute to the etiology of CAD, including dysregulation of Ca2+ handling mechanisms in coronary smooth muscle (CSM). The current study tested the hypothesis that CAD severity and CSM Ca2+ dysregulation were different in MetS-induced CAD compared to aging-induced CAD. METHODS Young (2.5 ± 0.2 years) and old (8.8 ± 1.2 years) Ossabaw miniature swine were fed an atherogenic diet for 11 months to induce MetS and were compared to lean age-matched controls. The metabolic profile was confirmed by body weight, plasma cholesterol and triglycerides, and intravenous glucose tolerance test. CAD was measured with intravascular ultrasound and histology. Intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) was assessed with fura-2 imaging. RESULTS CAD severity was similar between MetS young and lean old swine, with MetS old swine exhibiting the most severe CAD. Compared to CSM [Ca2+]i handling in lean young, the MetS young and lean old swine exhibited increased sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ store release, increased Ca2+ influx through voltage-gated Ca2+ channels, and attenuated sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase activity. MetS old and MetS young swine had similar Ca2+ dysregulation. CONCLUSIONS Ca2+ dysregulation, mainly the SR Ca2+ store, in CSM is more pronounced in lean old swine, which is indicative of mild, proliferative CAD. MetS old and MetS young swine exhibit Ca2+ dysfunction that is typical of late, severe disease. The more advanced, complex plaques in MetS old swine suggest that the "aging milieu" potentiates effects of Ca2+ handling dysfunction in CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill K Badin
- Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202-5120, United States
| | - Rebecca S Bruning
- Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202-5120, United States; RTI International, Global Health Technologies, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States
| | - Michael Sturek
- Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202-5120, United States.
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Huang SW, Tsai CY, Wang J, Pu YS, Chen PC, Huang CY, Chien KL. Increased Risk of New-Onset Hypertension After Shock Wave Lithotripsy in Urolithiasis: A Nationwide Cohort Study. Hypertension 2017; 70:721-728. [PMID: 28827478 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.117.09669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Although shock wave lithotripsy is minimally invasive, earlier studies argued that it may increase patients' subsequent risk of hypertension and diabetes mellitus. This study evaluated the association between shock wave lithotripsy and new-onset hypertension or diabetes mellitus. The Taiwanese National Health Insurance Research Database was used to identify 20 219 patients aged 18 to 65 years who underwent the first stone surgical treatment (shock wave lithotripsy or ureterorenoscopic lithotripsy) between January 1999 and December 2011. A Cox proportional model was applied to evaluate associations. Time-varying Cox models were applied to evaluate the association between the number of shock wave lithotripsy sessions and the incidence of hypertension or diabetes mellitus. After a median follow-up of 74.9 and 82.6 months, 2028 and 688 patients developed hypertension in the shock wave lithotripsy and ureterorenoscopic lithotripsy groups, respectively. Patients who underwent shock wave lithotripsy had a higher probability of developing hypertension than patients who underwent ureterorenoscopic lithotripsy, with a hazard ratio of 1.20 (95% confidence interval, 1.10-1.31) after adjusting for covariates. The risk increased as the number of shock wave lithotripsy sessions increased. However, the diabetes mellitus risk was similar in the shock wave lithotripsy and ureterorenoscopic lithotripsy groups. Furthermore, the hazard ratio did not increase as the number of shock wave lithotripsy sessions increased. Shock wave lithotripsy consistently increased the incidence of hypertension on long-term follow-up. Therefore, alternatives to urolithiasis treatment (eg, endoscopic surgery or medical expulsion therapy) could avoid the hypertension risk. Furthermore, avoiding multiple sessions of shock wave lithotripsy could also evade the hypertension risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Wei Huang
- From the Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital Yun-lin Branch, Douliu (S.W.H.); Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan (C.Y.T.); Departments of Urology (Y.S.P., C.Y.H.) and Internal Medicine (K.L.C.), National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City; Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan (P.C.C.); and Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei City (J.W., K.L.C.)
| | - Chung-You Tsai
- From the Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital Yun-lin Branch, Douliu (S.W.H.); Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan (C.Y.T.); Departments of Urology (Y.S.P., C.Y.H.) and Internal Medicine (K.L.C.), National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City; Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan (P.C.C.); and Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei City (J.W., K.L.C.)
| | - Jui Wang
- From the Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital Yun-lin Branch, Douliu (S.W.H.); Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan (C.Y.T.); Departments of Urology (Y.S.P., C.Y.H.) and Internal Medicine (K.L.C.), National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City; Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan (P.C.C.); and Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei City (J.W., K.L.C.)
| | - Yeong-Shiau Pu
- From the Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital Yun-lin Branch, Douliu (S.W.H.); Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan (C.Y.T.); Departments of Urology (Y.S.P., C.Y.H.) and Internal Medicine (K.L.C.), National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City; Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan (P.C.C.); and Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei City (J.W., K.L.C.)
| | - Pei-Chun Chen
- From the Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital Yun-lin Branch, Douliu (S.W.H.); Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan (C.Y.T.); Departments of Urology (Y.S.P., C.Y.H.) and Internal Medicine (K.L.C.), National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City; Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan (P.C.C.); and Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei City (J.W., K.L.C.)
| | - Chao-Yuan Huang
- From the Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital Yun-lin Branch, Douliu (S.W.H.); Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan (C.Y.T.); Departments of Urology (Y.S.P., C.Y.H.) and Internal Medicine (K.L.C.), National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City; Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan (P.C.C.); and Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei City (J.W., K.L.C.)
| | - Kuo-Liong Chien
- From the Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital Yun-lin Branch, Douliu (S.W.H.); Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan (C.Y.T.); Departments of Urology (Y.S.P., C.Y.H.) and Internal Medicine (K.L.C.), National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City; Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan (P.C.C.); and Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei City (J.W., K.L.C.).
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Handa RK, Lingeman JE, Bledsoe SB, Evan AP, Connors BA, Johnson CD. Intraluminal measurement of papillary duct urine pH, in vivo: a pilot study in the swine kidney. Urolithiasis 2015; 44:211-7. [PMID: 26526044 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-015-0834-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We describe the in vivo use of an optic-chemo microsensor to measure intraluminal papillary duct urine pH in a large mammal. Fiber-optic pH microsensors have a tip diameter of 140-µm that allows insertion into papillary Bellini ducts to measure tubule urine proton concentration. Anesthetized adult pigs underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy to access the lower pole of the urinary collecting system. A flexible nephroscope was advanced towards an upper pole papilla with the fiber-optic microsensor contained within the working channel. The microsensor was then carefully inserted into Bellini ducts to measure tubule urine pH in real time. We successfully recorded tubule urine pH values in five papillary ducts from three pigs (1 farm pig and 2 metabolic syndrome Ossabaw pigs). Our results demonstrate that optical microsensor technology can be used to measure intraluminal urine pH in real time in a living large mammal. This opens the possibility for application of this optical pH sensing technology in nephrolithiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajash K Handa
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (RKH, SBB, APE, BAC, CDJ), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA. .,Department of Urology (JEL), Indiana University Health at Methodist Hospital, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - James E Lingeman
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (RKH, SBB, APE, BAC, CDJ), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Sharon B Bledsoe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (RKH, SBB, APE, BAC, CDJ), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Andrew P Evan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (RKH, SBB, APE, BAC, CDJ), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Bret A Connors
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (RKH, SBB, APE, BAC, CDJ), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Cynthia D Johnson
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (RKH, SBB, APE, BAC, CDJ), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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