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Trotter C, Giersing B, Lindstrand A, Bar-Zeev N, Cernuschi T, Franzel-Sassanpour L, Friede M, Hombach J, Jansen M, Hasso-Agopsowicz M, Koh M, Sim SY, Spasenoska D, Yeung KHT, Lambach P. A Practical Guide to Full Value of Vaccine Assessments. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:201. [PMID: 38400184 PMCID: PMC10892982 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12020201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Articulating the wide range of health, social and economic benefits that vaccines offer may help to overcome obstacles in the vaccine development pipeline. A framework to guide the assessment and communication of the value of a vaccine-the Full Value of Vaccine Assessment (FVVA)-has been developed by the WHO. The FVVA framework offers a holistic assessment of the value of vaccines, providing a synthesis of evidence to inform the public health need of a vaccine, describing the supply and demand aspects, its market and its impact from a health, financial and economic perspective. This paper provides a practical guide to how FVVAs are developed and used to support investment in vaccines, ultimately leading to sustained implementation in countries. The FVVA includes a range of elements that can be broadly categorised as synthesis, vaccine development narrative and defining vaccine impact and value. Depending on the features of the disease/vaccine in question, different elements may be emphasised; however, a standardised set of elements is recommended for each FVVA. The FVVA should be developed by an expert group who represent a range of stakeholders, perspectives and geographies and ensure a fair, coherent and evidence-based assessment of vaccine value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Trotter
- Disease Dynamics Unit, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
- Imperial College, London W12 7TA, UK
| | - Birgitte Giersing
- Immunization Department, World Health Organization, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland; (B.G.); (L.F.-S.); (S.Y.S.); (K.H.T.Y.)
| | - Ann Lindstrand
- Immunization Department, World Health Organization, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland; (B.G.); (L.F.-S.); (S.Y.S.); (K.H.T.Y.)
| | - Naor Bar-Zeev
- Immunization Department, World Health Organization, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland; (B.G.); (L.F.-S.); (S.Y.S.); (K.H.T.Y.)
| | - Tania Cernuschi
- Immunization Department, World Health Organization, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland; (B.G.); (L.F.-S.); (S.Y.S.); (K.H.T.Y.)
| | - Lauren Franzel-Sassanpour
- Immunization Department, World Health Organization, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland; (B.G.); (L.F.-S.); (S.Y.S.); (K.H.T.Y.)
| | - Martin Friede
- Immunization Department, World Health Organization, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland; (B.G.); (L.F.-S.); (S.Y.S.); (K.H.T.Y.)
| | - Joachim Hombach
- Immunization Department, World Health Organization, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland; (B.G.); (L.F.-S.); (S.Y.S.); (K.H.T.Y.)
| | - Maarten Jansen
- Immunization Department, World Health Organization, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland; (B.G.); (L.F.-S.); (S.Y.S.); (K.H.T.Y.)
| | - Mateusz Hasso-Agopsowicz
- Immunization Department, World Health Organization, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland; (B.G.); (L.F.-S.); (S.Y.S.); (K.H.T.Y.)
| | - Mitsuki Koh
- Immunization Department, World Health Organization, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland; (B.G.); (L.F.-S.); (S.Y.S.); (K.H.T.Y.)
| | - So Yoon Sim
- Immunization Department, World Health Organization, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland; (B.G.); (L.F.-S.); (S.Y.S.); (K.H.T.Y.)
| | - Dijana Spasenoska
- Immunization Department, World Health Organization, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland; (B.G.); (L.F.-S.); (S.Y.S.); (K.H.T.Y.)
| | - Karene Hoi Ting Yeung
- Immunization Department, World Health Organization, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland; (B.G.); (L.F.-S.); (S.Y.S.); (K.H.T.Y.)
| | - Philipp Lambach
- Immunization Department, World Health Organization, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland; (B.G.); (L.F.-S.); (S.Y.S.); (K.H.T.Y.)
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Bloom DE, Bonanni P, Martinón-Torres F, Richmond PC, Safadi MAP, Salisbury DM, Charos A, Schley K, Findlow J, Balmer P. Meningococcal Disease in the Post-COVID-19 Era: A Time to Prepare. Infect Dis Ther 2023; 12:2649-2663. [PMID: 38048020 PMCID: PMC10746601 DOI: 10.1007/s40121-023-00888-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The global invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) landscape changed considerably during the COVID-19 pandemic, as evidenced by decreased incidence rates due to COVID-19 mitigation measures, such as limited social contact, physical distancing, mask wearing, and hand washing. Vaccination rates were also lower during the pandemic relative to pre-pandemic levels. Although policymakers may have shifted their focus away from IMD vaccination programs to COVID-19 vaccination programs, strong arguments support implementation and prioritization of IMD vaccination programs; IMD cases have increased in some countries and IMD rates may even have exceeded pre-pandemic levels. Additional concerns include increased susceptibility due to vaccination coverage gaps, increased incidence of other respiratory pathogens, immunity debt from lockdown restrictions, and increased IMD epidemiologic variability. The full range of benefits of widely available and effective meningococcal vaccines needs to be considered, especially in health technology assessments, where the broad benefits of these vaccines are neither accurately quantified nor captured in implementation policy decisions. Importantly, implementation of meningococcal vaccination programs in the current IMD climate also appeals to broader healthcare principles, including preparedness rather than reactive approaches, generally accepted benefit-risk approaches to vaccination, historical precedent, and the World Health Organization's goal of defeating meningitis by 2030. Countries should therefore act swiftly to bolster existing meningococcal vaccination strategies to provide broad coverage across age groups and serogroups given the recent increases in IMD incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Bloom
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paolo Bonanni
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Federico Martinón-Torres
- Pediatrics Department, Translational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago, de Compostela, Spain
- Genetics, Vaccines and Infections Research Group (GENVIP), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Peter C Richmond
- Division of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute and Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Marco A P Safadi
- Department of Pediatrics, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - David M Salisbury
- Programme for Global Health, Royal Institute of International Affairs, Chatham House, London, UK
| | | | | | - Jamie Findlow
- Vaccines, Antivirals and Evidence Generation, Pfizer Ltd, Tadworth, UK
| | - Paul Balmer
- Vaccines, Antivirals and Evidence Generation, Pfizer Inc, Collegeville, PA, USA
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Turner HC, Hori Y, Revill P, Rattanavipapong W, Arai K, Nonvignon J, Jit M, Teerawattananon Y. Analyses of the return on investment of public health interventions: a scoping review and recommendations for future studies. BMJ Glob Health 2023; 8:e012798. [PMID: 37648275 PMCID: PMC10471881 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2023-012798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Return on investment (ROI) analysis is increasingly being used for evaluating the value for money of public health interventions. Given its potential role for informing health policies, it is important that there is a more comprehensive understanding of ROI analysis within the global health field. To address this gap in the literature, we conducted a scoping review of recent research articles reporting an ROI metric for a health intervention within the public sector in any country setting. The database search was limited to literature published in English and studies published between 1 January 2018 and 14 June 2021. Uses and settings where the ROI metric is being applied, key methodological features of the calculations and the types of economic benefits included were extracted. 118 relevant studies were included within this scoping review. We found that ROI analyses of health interventions differed between those that only included fiscal savings (such as prevented medical expenses) and those which incorporated a wider range of benefits (such as monetised health benefits). This highlights the variation in the definition of ROI analyses and supports the finding that ROI analyses are used for a range of different research questions/purposes within the healthcare sector. We also found that the methodologies used in ROI calculations were inconsistent and often poorly reported. This review demonstrates that there is notable variation in the methodology surrounding recent ROI calculations of healthcare interventions, as well as the definition of ROI analysis. We recommend that ROI metrics should be carefully interpreted before they are used to inform policy decisions regarding the allocation of healthcare resources. To improve the consistency of future studies, we also set out recommended use cases for ROI analysis and a reporting checklist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo C Turner
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Yoshiaki Hori
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Paul Revill
- Centre for Health Economics, University of York, York, UK
| | - Waranya Rattanavipapong
- Health Intervention and Technology Assessment Program (HITAP), Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Ko Arai
- Graduate School of Business Administration, Hitotsubashi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Justice Nonvignon
- School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Mark Jit
- Centre of Global Change and Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yot Teerawattananon
- Health Intervention and Technology Assessment Program (HITAP), Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Hutubessy R, Lauer JA, Giersing B, Sim SY, Jit M, Kaslow D, Botwright S. The Full Value of Vaccine Assessments (FVVA): a framework for assessing and communicating the value of vaccines for investment and introduction decision-making. BMC Med 2023; 21:229. [PMID: 37400797 PMCID: PMC10318807 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-02929-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several economic obstacles can deter the development and use of vaccines. This can lead to limited product options for some diseases, delays in new product development, and inequitable access to vaccines. Although seemingly distinct, these obstacles are actually interrelated and therefore need to be addressed through a single over-arching strategy encompassing all stakeholders. METHODS To help overcome these obstacles, we propose a new approach, the Full Value of Vaccines Assessments (FVVA) framework, to guide the assessment and communication of the value of a vaccine. The FVVA framework is designed to facilitate alignment across key stakeholders and to enhance decision-making around investment in vaccine development, policy-making, procurement, and introduction, particularly for vaccines intended for use in low- and middle-income countries. RESULTS The FVVA framework has three key elements. First, to enhance assessment, existing value-assessment methods and tools are adapted to include broader benefits of vaccines as well as opportunity costs borne by stakeholders. Second, to improve decision-making, a deliberative process is required to recognize the agency of stakeholders and to ensure country ownership of decision-making and priority setting. Third, the FVVA framework provides a consistent and evidence-based approach that facilitates communication about the full value of vaccines, helping to enhance alignment and coordination across diverse stakeholders. CONCLUSIONS The FVVA framework provides guidance for stakeholders organizing global-level efforts to promote investment in vaccines that are priorities for LMICs. By providing a more holistic view of the benefits of vaccines, its application also has the potential to encourage greater take-up by countries, thereby leading to more sustainable and equitable impacts of vaccines and immunization programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Hutubessy
- Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals Department, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jeremy A. Lauer
- Strathclyde Business School, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Birgitte Giersing
- Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals Department, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - So Yoon Sim
- Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals Department, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mark Jit
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - David Kaslow
- PATH Center for Vaccine Innovation and Access, Seattle, USA
| | - Siobhan Botwright
- Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals Department, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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Mooney J, Price J, Bain C, Bawa JT, Gurley N, Kumar A, Liyanage G, Mkisi RE, Odero C, Seck K, Simpson E, Hausdorff WP. Healthcare provider perspectives on delivering next generation rotavirus vaccines in five low-to-middle-income countries. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270369. [PMID: 35737718 PMCID: PMC9223340 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Live oral rotavirus vaccines (LORVs) have significantly reduced rotavirus hospitalizations and deaths worldwide. However, LORVs are less effective in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Next-generation rotavirus vaccines (NGRVs) may be more effective but require administration by injection or a neonatal oral dose, adding operational complexity. Healthcare providers (HPs) were interviewed to assess rotavirus vaccine preferences and identify delivery issues as part of an NGRV value proposition. OBJECTIVE Determine HP vaccine preferences about delivering LORVs compared to injectable (iNGRV) and neonatal oral (oNGRV) NGRVs. METHODS 64 HPs from Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Peru, and Senegal were interviewed following a mixed-method guide centered on three vaccine comparisons: LORV vs. iNGRV; LORV vs. oNGRV; oNGRV vs. iNGRV. HPs reviewed attributes for each vaccine in the comparisons, then indicated and explained their preference. Additional questions elicited views about co-administering iNGRV+LORV for greater public health impact, a possible iNGRV-DTP-containing combination vaccine, and delivering neonatal doses. RESULTS Almost all HPs preferred oral vaccine options over iNGRV, with many emphasizing an aversion to additional injections. Despite this strong preference, HPs described challenges delivering oral doses. Preferences for LORV vs. oNGRV were split, marked by disparate views on rotavirus disease epidemiology and the safety, need, and feasibility of delivering neonatal vaccines. Although overwhelmingly enthusiastic about an iNGRV-DTP-containing combination option, several HPs had concerns. HP views were divided on the feasibility of co-administering iNGRV+LORV, citing challenges around logistics and caregiver sensitization. CONCLUSION Our findings provide valuable insights on delivering NGRVs in routine immunization. Despite opposition to injectables, openness to co-administering LORV+iNGRV to improve efficacy suggests future HP support of iNGRV if adequately informed of its advantages. Rationales for LORV vs. oNGRV underscore needs for training on rotavirus epidemiology and stronger service integration. Expressed challenges delivering existing LORVs merit further examination and indicate need for improved delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carolyn Bain
- PATH, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | | | - Nikki Gurley
- PATH, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | | | - Guwani Liyanage
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | | | | | | | - Evan Simpson
- PATH, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - William P. Hausdorff
- PATH, Washington, D.C., United States of America, and Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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Chaiyakunapruk N, Song D, Lynch J, Kim JH, Dilokthornsakul P, Chotpitayasunondh T, Mogasale V. Public Health Value of a Hypothetical Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV) Introduction: A Case Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10060950. [PMID: 35746558 PMCID: PMC9227762 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10060950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Understanding the public health value of a vaccine at an early stage of development helps in valuing and prioritizing the investment needed. Here we present the potential cost-effectiveness of an upcoming 12 valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV 12) in the case study country, Thailand. Methods: The cost-effectiveness analysis included a hypothetical scenario of three doses (2 + 1 regimen) PCV12 introduction in the national immunization program of Thailand compared to no PCV, PCV10, and PCV13 among <6 months old from a societal perspective with a lifetime horizon and one-year cycle length. Data from Thailand, as well as assumptions supported by the literature, were used in the analysis. The price of PCV12 was assumed similar to that of PCV10 or PCV13 for GAVI’s eligible countries based on inputs from stakeholder meeting. A one-way sensitivity analysis was conducted using 0.5−1.5 times the base price of PCV12. Results were presented in incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) in terms of monetary value per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained. Results: Vaccination with PCV12 among a hypothetical cohort of 100,000 Thai children is expected to avert a total of 5358 cases which includes 5 pneumococcal meningitis, 43 pneumococcal bacteremia, 5144 all-cause pneumonia, and 166 all-cause acute otitis media compared to no vaccination. The national PCV12 vaccination program is a cost-saving strategy compared to the other three strategies. The one-way sensitivity analysis showed PCV12 is a cost-saving strategy when 1.5 times the base price of PCV12 was assumed. Conclusions: Within the limitations of hypothetical assumptions and price points incorporated, the study indicates the potential public health value of PCV12 in Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathorn Chaiyakunapruk
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, University of Utah College of Pharmacy, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- IDEAS Center, Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Healthcare System, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Correspondence: (N.C.); (V.M.)
| | - Dayoung Song
- Policy and Economic Research Department, International Vaccine Institute, SNU Research Park, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 8826, Korea;
| | - Julia Lynch
- International Vaccine Institute, SNU Research Park, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 8826, Korea; (J.L.); (J.H.K.)
| | - Jerome H. Kim
- International Vaccine Institute, SNU Research Park, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 8826, Korea; (J.L.); (J.H.K.)
| | - Piyameth Dilokthornsakul
- Center for Medical and Health Technology Assessment (CM-HTA), Department of Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50210, Thailand;
| | - Tawee Chotpitayasunondh
- Queen Sirikit National Institute of Child Health (Children’s Hospital), Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Vittal Mogasale
- Policy and Economic Research Department, International Vaccine Institute, SNU Research Park, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 8826, Korea;
- Correspondence: (N.C.); (V.M.)
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7
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Price J, Mooney J, Bain C, Bawa JT, Gurley N, Kumar A, Liyanage G, Mkisi RE, Odero C, Seck K, Simpson E, Hausdorff WP. National stakeholder preferences for next-generation rotavirus vaccines: Results from a six-country study. Vaccine 2022; 40:370-379. [PMID: 34863614 PMCID: PMC8767494 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently available live, oral rotavirus vaccines (LORVs) have significantly reduced severe rotavirus hospitalizations and deaths worldwide. However, LORVs are not as effective in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) where rotavirus disease burden is highest. Next-generation rotavirus vaccine (NGRV) candidates in development may have a greater public health impact where they are needed most. The feasibility and acceptability of possible new rotavirus vaccines were explored as part of a larger public health value proposition for injectable NGRVs in LMICs. OBJECTIVE To assess national stakeholder preferences for currently available LORVs and hypothetical NGRVs and understand rationales and drivers for stated preferences. METHODS Interviews were conducted with 71 national stakeholders who influence vaccine policy and national programming. Stakeholders from Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Peru, Senegal, and Sri Lanka were interviewed using a mixed-method guide. Vaccine preferences were elicited on seven vaccine comparisons involving LORVs and hypothetical NGRVs based on information presented comparing the vaccines' attributes. Reasons for vaccine preference were elicited in open-ended questions, and the qualitative data were analyzed on key preference drivers. RESULTS Nearly half of the national stakeholders interviewed preferred a highly effective standalone, injectable NGRV over current LORVs. When presented as having similar efficacy to the LORV, however, very few stakeholders preferred the injectable NGRV, even at substantially lower cost. Similarly, a highly effective standalone injectable NGRV was generally not favored over an equally effective oral NGRV following a neonatal-infant schedule, despite higher cost of the neonatal option. An NGRV-DTP-containing combination vaccine was strongly preferred over all other options, whether delivered alone with efficacy similar to current LORVs or co-administered alongside an LORV (LORV + NGRV-DTP) to increase efficacy. CONCLUSION Results from these national stakeholder interviews provide valuable insights to inform ongoing and future NGRV research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Price
- PATH, Seattle, 2201 Westlake Ave, Seattle, WA 98121, USA.
| | - Jessica Mooney
- PATH, Seattle, 2201 Westlake Ave, Seattle, WA 98121, USA
| | - Carolyn Bain
- PATH, Seattle, 2201 Westlake Ave, Seattle, WA 98121, USA
| | | | - Nikki Gurley
- PATH, Seattle, 2201 Westlake Ave, Seattle, WA 98121, USA
| | - Amresh Kumar
- PATH, India, 15th Floor, Dr. Gopal Das Bhawan 28, Barakhamba Road, Connaught Place, New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Guwani Liyanage
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Chris Odero
- PATH, Kenya, ACS Plaza, 4th Floor Lenana and Galana Road, P.O. Box 76634-00508, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Karim Seck
- PATH Senegal Consultant, Fann Résidence Rue Saint John Perse X F Dakar, Senegal
| | - Evan Simpson
- PATH, Seattle, 2201 Westlake Ave, Seattle, WA 98121, USA
| | - William P Hausdorff
- PATH, Washington, DC, 455 Massachusetts Ave. NW, Suite 1000, Washington, DC 20001, USA; Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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Hausdorff WP, Price J, Debellut F, Mooney J, Torkelson AA, Giorgadze K, Pecenka C. Does Anybody Want an Injectable Rotavirus Vaccine, and Why? Understanding the Public Health Value Proposition of Next-Generation Rotavirus Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:149. [PMID: 35214608 PMCID: PMC8880741 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10020149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Routine infant immunization with live, oral rotavirus vaccines (LORVs) has had a major impact on severe gastroenteritis disease. Nevertheless, in high morbidity and mortality settings rotavirus remains an important cause of disease, partly attributable to the sub-optimal clinical efficacy of LORVs in those settings. Regardless of the precise immunological mechanism(s) underlying the diminished efficacy, the introduction of injectable next-generation rotavirus vaccines (iNGRV), currently in clinical development, could offer a potent remedy. In addition to the potential for greater clinical efficacy, precisely how iNGRVs are delivered (multiple doses to young infants; alongside LORVs or as a booster; co-formulated with Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis (DTP)-containing vaccines), their pricing, and their storage and cold chain characteristics could each have major implications on the resultant health outcomes, on cost-effectiveness as well as on product preferences by national stakeholders and healthcare providers. To better understand these implications, we critically assessed whether there is a compelling public health value proposition for iNGRVs based on potential (but still hypothetical) vaccine profiles. Our results suggest that the answer is highly dependent on the specific use cases and potential attributes of such novel vaccines. Notably, co-formulation of iNGRVs with similar or greater efficacy than LORVs with a DTP-containing vaccine, such as DTP-Hib-HepB, scored especially high on potential impact, cost-effectiveness, and strength of preference by national stakeholders and health care providers in lower and middle income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- William P. Hausdorff
- Center for Vaccine Innovation and Access, PATH, 455 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20001, USA
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jessica Price
- Center for Vaccine Innovation and Access, PATH, 2201 Westlake Ave, Suite 200, Seattle, WA 98121, USA; (J.P.); (J.M.); (C.P.)
| | - Frédéric Debellut
- Center for Vaccine Innovation and Access, PATH, Rue de Varembé 7, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland;
| | - Jessica Mooney
- Center for Vaccine Innovation and Access, PATH, 2201 Westlake Ave, Suite 200, Seattle, WA 98121, USA; (J.P.); (J.M.); (C.P.)
| | | | - Khatuna Giorgadze
- Linksbridge SPC, 808 5th Ave N, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (A.A.T.); (K.G.)
| | - Clint Pecenka
- Center for Vaccine Innovation and Access, PATH, 2201 Westlake Ave, Suite 200, Seattle, WA 98121, USA; (J.P.); (J.M.); (C.P.)
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9
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Abdullahi IN, Emeribe AU, Adekola HA, Abubakar SD, Dangana A, Shuwa HA, Nwoba ST, Mustapha JO, Haruna MT, Olowookere KA, Animasaun OS, Ugwu CE, Onoja SO, Gadama AS, Mohammed M, Daneji IM, Amadu DO, Ghamba PE, Onukegbe NB, Shehu MS, Isomah C, Babayo A, Ahmad AEF. Leveraging on the genomics and immunopathology of SARS-CoV-2 for vaccines development: prospects and challenges. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:620-637. [PMID: 32936732 PMCID: PMC7993231 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1812313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence and case-fatality rates (CFRs) of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, the etiological agent for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), have been rising unabated. Even though the entire world has been implementing infection prevention and control measures, the pandemic continues to spread. It has been widely accepted that preventive vaccination strategies are the public health measures for countering this pandemic. This study critically reviews the latest scientific advancement in genomics, replication pattern, pathogenesis, and immunopathology of SARS-CoV-2 infection and how these concepts could be used in the development of vaccines. We also offer a detailed discussion on the anticipated potency, efficacy, safety, and pharmaco-economic issues that are and will be associated with candidate COVID-19 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idris Nasir Abdullahi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Anthony Uchenna Emeribe
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | | | - Sharafudeen Dahiru Abubakar
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Amos Dangana
- Department of Medical Laboratory Services, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Halima Ali Shuwa
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology, Manchester Collaborative Center for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, UK
| | | | - Jelili Olaide Mustapha
- Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | | | - Kafayat Adepeju Olowookere
- Department of Medical Laboratory Services, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - Olawale Sunday Animasaun
- Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, African Field Epidemiology Network, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Charles Egede Ugwu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | | | - Abdullahi Sani Gadama
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Musa Mohammed
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Unit, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Isa Muhammad Daneji
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Dele Ohinoyi Amadu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Peter Elisha Ghamba
- WHO National Polio Reference Laboratory, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | | | - Muhammad Sagir Shehu
- Medical Laboratory Department, College of Health Technology, Ningi, Bauchi State, Nigeria
| | - Chiladi Isomah
- Medical Laboratory Science Department, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Adamu Babayo
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Abdurrahman El-Fulaty Ahmad
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
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10
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Sim SY, Watts E, Constenla D, Brenzel L, Patenaude BN. Return On Investment From Immunization Against 10 Pathogens In 94 Low- And Middle-Income Countries, 2011–30. Health Aff (Millwood) 2020; 39:1343-1353. [DOI: 10.1377/hlthaff.2020.00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- So Yoon Sim
- So Yoon Sim is a technical officer in the Department of Immunization, Vaccines, and Biologicals at the World Health Organization, in Geneva, Switzerland. She was a health economist and research associate in the Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, in Baltimore, Maryland, when this work was performed. Sim and Elizabeth Watts share credit as co–first authors
| | - Elizabeth Watts
- Elizabeth Watts is a health economist and research associate in the Department of International Health and in the International Vaccine Access Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Watts and So Yoon Sim share credit as co–first authors
| | - Dagna Constenla
- Dagna Constenla is the director of Epidemiology and Health Outcomes at GSK Vaccines, Latin America and the Caribbean, in Panama City, Panama. She was an associate scientist in the Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, when this work was performed
| | - Logan Brenzel
- Logan Brenzel is a senior program officer for economics and finance, Vaccine Delivery/Global Development, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, in Washington, D.C
| | - Bryan N. Patenaude
- Bryan N. Patenaude is an assistant professor in the Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
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